CN117330166A - Hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system and method based on inductance - Google Patents
Hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system and method based on inductance Download PDFInfo
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- CN117330166A CN117330166A CN202311236103.3A CN202311236103A CN117330166A CN 117330166 A CN117330166 A CN 117330166A CN 202311236103 A CN202311236103 A CN 202311236103A CN 117330166 A CN117330166 A CN 117330166A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H3/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations by using a detector in a fluid
- G01H3/04—Frequency
- G01H3/06—Frequency by electric means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention relates to a hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system and method based on inductance, the system is composed of a function generator, a power amplifier, an auxiliary transducer, a reciprocal transducer, a hydrophone, a filter, a preamplifier, an inductance, a digital oscilloscope and an upper computer, the inductance has constant response in a measuring frequency range, and the response value is L 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output end of the power amplifier is connected in series with the inductor with known parameters. The invention not only utilizes the inductor to realize the measurement of complex emission current signals in the water hearing reciprocity calibration, but also can realize the free field absolute calibration of the complex sensitivity of the hydrophone, and realize the accurate metering test of the free field of the complex sensitivity of the hydrophone.
Description
Technical field:
the invention belongs to the technical field of hydrophone low-frequency complex sensitivity free field calibration, and particularly relates to an inductance-based hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system and method.
The background technology is as follows:
along with the continuous development of the underwater sound technology, the underwater sound metering has important roles in guaranteeing the performance index and normal use of the underwater sound equipment. Hydrophone hydroacoustic parameters typically need to be measured in the free field, whereas the free field reciprocity method is a classical absolute calibration method.
Reciprocal calibration can utilize physical principles and calibrated instruments to perform measurement of transducer and hydrophone underwater acoustic parameters. The method has a low measurement uncertainty since no standard hydrophone is introduced. Currently, free field calibration of hydrophones is typically performed in small cavities, requiring the use of three transducers during measurement, namely an auxiliary transducer, a reciprocal transducer and a hydrophone, which are required to be mounted in a free field that meets the requirements. However, this method currently suffers from the following problems during calibration: 1) Current measurement problems it is currently common practice to measure the emission current with a current sampler, the device being based on the principle of electromagnetic mutual inductance. Although the method has certain accuracy, the complex magnitude tracing of the current sampler has certain difficulty and the measurement uncertainty is high; 2) The reciprocity constant is a function of frequency, and particularly in a high frequency band, the influence of frequency deviation on sensitivity is large; 3) The reciprocity constant carries a phase deflection which causes a 90 degree magnitude in the result of the complex reciprocity calibration, which has a certain effect on the phase measurement.
How to make up the defect of low-frequency complex sensitivity free field calibration of the current hydrophone is a technical problem to be solved urgently by the person skilled in the art.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an inductance-based hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system and method, wherein the method not only realizes the accurate measurement and magnitude tracing of complex emission current by using an inductor with known inductance; meanwhile, as the inductance is provided with phase deflection, phase deviation caused by a reciprocity constant can be eliminated, and accurate measurement test of the sensitivity phase of the hydrophone is realized; the method can be applied to the measurement test of the free field of the hydrophone.
The invention provides an inductance-based hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system, which comprises a function generator, a power amplifier, an auxiliary transducer and a reciprocal transducerThe device comprises a hydrophone, a filter, a preamplifier, an inductor, a digital oscilloscope and an upper computer, wherein the inductor has constant response within a measuring frequency range, and the response value is L 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output end of the power amplifier is connected with the inductor with known parameters in series, the output end of the inductor is connected with the positive electrode of a transmitter (a reciprocal energy converter or an auxiliary energy converter), and the negative electrode of the transmitter is connected with the negative electrode of the output end of the power amplifier; and the voltages at two ends of the inductor are measured by using a CH2 channel of a digital oscilloscope, and the open-circuit voltage of a receiver (hydrophone or a reciprocal transducer) is connected to a CH1 channel of the oscilloscope after being amplified and filtered in advance, so that the open-circuit voltage of the hydrophone is measured.
The method for measuring the emission current of the emission transducer comprises the following steps: a standard inductor L is connected in series with the output end of the power amplifier 0 Measuring the standard inductance L 0 Is U as complex voltage of 0 The emission current was measured at this time as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,omega is the angular frequency
The calibration system is based on the reciprocity principle, three transducers are used in the calibration process, namely an auxiliary transducer, a reciprocity transducer and a hydrophone, wherein the auxiliary transducer and the reciprocity transducer are reciprocal, the three transducers respectively form a PT transducer pair based on the auxiliary transducer and the reciprocity transducer, a TP transducer pair based on the reciprocity transducer and the auxiliary transducer, a PH transducer pair based on the auxiliary transducer and the hydrophone and a TH transducer pair based on the reciprocity transducer and the hydrophone, and the distance between a transmitting transducer and the reciprocity transducer is d PT The distance between the transmitting transducer and the hydrophone is d PH The distance between the reciprocal transducer and the hydrophone is d TH Three satisfy d PT ＝d PH +d TH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In PT transducer pairs, the auxiliary transducer acts as a transmit,plural excitation current is I CP The reciprocal transducer is used for receiving, and the complex open-circuit voltage of the reciprocal transducer is U PT The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In PH transducer pair, complex excitation current of auxiliary transducer is I CP The complex open circuit voltage of the hydrophone is U PH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the TH transducer pair, the complex excitation current of the reciprocal transducer is I CT The complex open circuit voltage of the hydrophone is U TH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In TP transducer pair, complex excitation current of reciprocal transducer is I CT The complex open circuit voltage of the auxiliary transducer is U TP The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the transducer pair, the relation between the complex excitation current and the complex voltage across the standard inductance satisfies equation (1), i.e
The complex sensitivity of the hydrophone can be obtained by bringing the parameters into the reciprocity principle:
wherein J is the complex reciprocal constant of free field spherical wave.
Wherein the complex reciprocal constant can be expressed as:
where ρ is the density of water and f is the frequency.
By introducing the formula (4) into the formula (3), the influence of angular frequency and phase deflection can be eliminated
Preferably, the auxiliary transducer, the reciprocal transducer and the hydrophone have rigid properties with a reciprocal deviation of not more than + -3%.
Preferably, the pre-amplifier has a sufficiently high matching impedance, not less than 100mΩ.
Preferably, the digital oscilloscope has multichannel data acquisition and measurement functions, the phase error between channels is not more than +/-2%, and the amplitude consistency deviation is not more than +/-1%.
The invention also provides a calibration method based on the calibration system, which comprises the following steps,
step 1, fixing an auxiliary transducer, a reciprocal transducer and a hydrophone on a calibration support, looking up a table to obtain the underwater sound velocity c and the liquid density ρ, and obtaining an inductance response value L of an inductance according to a calibration/verification certificate 0 ；
Step 2, firstly, the auxiliary transducer is used as a transmitter, the hydrophone is used as a receiver, and the voltage amplitude |U at two ends of the inductor is measured respectively CP Open circuit voltage amplitude |U of| and hydrophone PH I, the phase difference of the two channels is measured by using an oscilloscope to be；
Step 3, the auxiliary transducer is used as a transmitter, the reciprocal transducer is used as a receiver, and the voltage amplitude |U at two ends of the inductor are respectively measured CP Open circuit voltage amplitude of sum reciprocal transducer |U PT I, the phase difference of the two channels is measured by using an oscilloscope to be；
Step 4, the reciprocal transducer is used as a transmitter, the hydrophone is used as a receiver, and the voltage amplitude |U at two ends of the inductor is measured respectively CT Open circuit voltage amplitude |U of| and hydrophone TH I, the phase difference of the two channels is measured by using an oscilloscope to be；
Step 5, the reciprocal transducer is used as a transmitter, the auxiliary transducer is used as a receiver, and the voltage amplitude |U at two ends of the inductor are respectively measured CT Open circuit voltage amplitude of i and reciprocal transducersDegree |U TP I, the phase difference of the two channels is measured by using an oscilloscope to be；
Step 6, representing the complex voltage as a relationship between amplitude and phase, i.e
Taking equation (6) into equation (5), the amplitude of the resulting hydrophone can be expressed as:
the phase of the hydrophone can be further obtained as follows:
at this time, the complex sensitivity of the hydrophone is:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the inductance is used for measuring complex emission current signals in the water hearing reciprocity calibration, and meanwhile free field absolute calibration of complex sensitivity of the hydrophone can be realized. Specifically, the system utilizes the known inductor to realize the measurement of excitation currents of the auxiliary transducer and the transmitting transducer, not only can realize the accurate measurement test and magnitude tracing of the transmitting current, but also can eliminate errors caused by frequency and reciprocal constant phase deflection, and realize the accurate measurement test of the hydrophone complex sensitivity free field; the method can be applied to the measurement test of the free field of the hydrophone.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit for free field reciprocity calibration transfer impedance measurement.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention is further described in terms of specific embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, an inductance-based hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system is characterized in that: the system consists of a function generator, a power amplifier, an auxiliary transducer, a reciprocal transducer, a hydrophone, a filter, a preamplifier, an inductor, a digital oscilloscope and an upper computer, wherein the upper computer is a computer. Wherein the inductance has a constant response in the measuring frequency range, the response value is L 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output end of the power amplifier is connected with the inductor of the known parameter in series, the output end of the inductor is connected with the positive pole of the transmitter (the reciprocal energy converter or the auxiliary energy converter), and the negative pole of the transmitter is connected with the negative pole of the output end of the power amplifier; and the voltages at two ends of the inductor are measured by using a CH2 channel of a digital oscilloscope, and the open-circuit voltage of a receiver (hydrophone or a reciprocal transducer) is connected to a CH1 channel of the oscilloscope after being amplified and filtered in advance, so that the open-circuit voltage of the hydrophone is measured. The inductance in the system is an inductance device which is calibrated or stable in performance, has constant response in a measuring frequency range, and has a response value of L 0 ，L 0 Is not more than + -1%.
As a preferred embodiment, the auxiliary transducer, the reciprocal transducer and the hydrophone have rigid properties with a reciprocal deviation of not more than + -3%.
As a preferred embodiment, the pre-amplifier has a sufficiently high matching impedance, not less than 100mΩ.
As a preferred embodiment, the digital oscilloscope has multi-channel data acquisition and measurement functions, the phase error between channels is not more than +/-2%, and the amplitude consistency deviation is not more than +/-1%.
The overall equivalent circuit in the system is shown in fig. 2. The output voltage of the power amplifier is U in Is connected in series with a known transmitting voltage at the output end of the power amplifierResponse value L 0 The complex emission current after inductance is I in The transmitting current excites the transmitting transducer to generate a sound field required for measurement in a free field, and the receiver outputs an open-circuit voltage U under the action of the sound field out The complex transfer function of this process is Z (f). The complex voltage at two ends of the inductor is U 0 The emission current was measured at this time as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,ω is the angular frequency.
The calibration system is based on the reciprocity principle, three transducers are used in the calibration process, namely an auxiliary transducer, a reciprocity transducer and a hydrophone, wherein the auxiliary transducer and the reciprocity transducer are reciprocal, the three transducers respectively form a PT transducer pair based on the auxiliary transducer and the reciprocity transducer, a TP transducer pair based on the reciprocity transducer and the auxiliary transducer, a PH transducer pair based on the auxiliary transducer and the hydrophone and a TH transducer pair based on the reciprocity transducer and the hydrophone, and the distance between a transmitting transducer and the reciprocity transducer is d PT The distance between the transmitting transducer and the hydrophone is d PH The distance between the reciprocal transducer and the hydrophone is d TH Three satisfy d PT ＝d PH +d TH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In PT transducer pairs, the auxiliary transducer acts as a transmitter, and the complex excitation current is I CP The reciprocal transducer is used for receiving, and the complex open-circuit voltage of the reciprocal transducer is U PT The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In PH transducer pair, complex excitation current of auxiliary transducer is I CP The complex open circuit voltage of the hydrophone is U PH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the TH transducer pair, the complex excitation current of the reciprocal transducer is I CT The complex open circuit voltage of the hydrophone is U TH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In TP transducer pair, complex excitation current of reciprocal transducer is I CT The complex open circuit voltage of the auxiliary transducer is U TP The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the transducer pair, the relation between the complex excitation current and the complex voltage across the standard inductance satisfies equation (1), i.e
The complex sensitivity of the hydrophone can be obtained by bringing the parameters into the reciprocity principle:
wherein J is the complex reciprocal constant of free field spherical wave.
Wherein the complex reciprocal constant can be expressed as:
where ρ is the density of water and f is the frequency.
By introducing the formula (4) into the formula (3), the influence of angular frequency and phase deflection can be eliminated
A specific calibration method comprises the following steps,
step 1, fixing an auxiliary transducer, a reciprocal transducer and a hydrophone in a measurement water area, looking up a table to obtain the underwater sound velocity c and the liquid density ρ, and obtaining an inductance response value L of an inductance according to a calibration/verification certificate 0 ；
Step 2, firstly, the auxiliary transducer is used as a transmitter, the hydrophone is used as a receiver, and the voltage amplitude |U at two ends of the inductor is measured respectively CP Open circuit voltage amplitude |U of| and hydrophone PH I, the phase difference of the two channels is measured by using an oscilloscope to be；
Step 3, the auxiliary transducer is used as a transmitter, the reciprocal transducer is used as a receiver, and the voltage amplitude |U at two ends of the inductor are respectively measured CP Open circuit voltage amplitude of sum reciprocal transducer |U PT I, the phase difference of the two channels is measured by using an oscilloscope to be；
Step 4, the reciprocal transducer is used as a transmitter, the hydrophone is used as a receiver, and the voltage amplitude |U at two ends of the inductor is measured respectively CT Open circuit voltage amplitude |U of| and hydrophone TH I, the phase difference of the two channels is measured by using an oscilloscope to be；
Step 5, the reciprocal transducer is used as a transmitter, the auxiliary transducer is used as a receiver, and the voltage amplitude |U at two ends of the inductor are respectively measured CT Open circuit voltage amplitude of sum reciprocal transducer |U TP I, the phase difference of the two channels is measured by using an oscilloscope to be；
Step 6, representing the complex voltage as a relationship between amplitude and phase, i.e
Taking equation (6) into equation (5), the amplitude of the resulting hydrophone can be expressed as:
the phase of the hydrophone can be further obtained as follows:
at this time, the complex sensitivity of the hydrophone is:
aiming at the technical problems of high tracing difficulty of the complex frequency response of the free field current and the like, the invention realizes the accurate measurement of the response of the emitted complex current by using the inductor. Based on the phase orthogonal deflection characteristic and the frequency response characteristic of the standard inductor, the amplitude and phase loss caused by the phase deviation and the frequency deviation of the reciprocity constant in the reciprocity calibration of the free field can be eliminated, the reciprocity calibration formula of the free field is further simplified, the measurement accuracy is improved, and the defect of the reciprocity calibration of the complex sensitivity of the free field of the current hydrophone is overcome.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting the claims. All equivalent flow changes made by the specification of the invention are included in the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An inductance-based hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system is characterized in that: the system consists of a function generator, a power amplifier, an auxiliary transducer, a reciprocal transducer, a hydrophone, a filter, a pre-amplifier, an inductor, a digital oscilloscope and an upper computer, wherein the inductor has constant response within a measuring frequency range, and the response value is L 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output end of the power amplifier is connected with the inductor in series, the output end of the inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the reciprocal transducer or the auxiliary transducer, and the negative electrode of the reciprocal transducer or the auxiliary transducer is connected with the negative electrode of the output end of the power amplifier; and the voltages at two ends of the inductor are measured by using a CH2 channel of a digital oscilloscope, the open-circuit voltage of the corresponding hydrophone or the reciprocal transducer is amplified and filtered before being connected to a CH1 channel of the oscilloscope, and the open-circuit voltage of the hydrophone is measured.
2. The inductance-based hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system of claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary transducer, the reciprocal transducer and the hydrophone have linear characteristics, and the reciprocal deviation is not more than +/-3%.
3. The inductance-based hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system of claim 1, wherein: the pre-amplifier has a sufficiently high matching impedance, not less than 100MΩ.
4. The inductance-based hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system of claim 1, wherein: the digital oscilloscope has the functions of multichannel data acquisition and measurement, the phase error among all channels is not more than +/-2%, and the amplitude consistency deviation is not more than +/-1%.
5. The inductance-based hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system of claim 1, wherein: the output voltage of the power amplifier is U in An inductor is connected in series with the output end of the power amplifier, and the complex emission current after the inductor is I in The transmitting current excites the transmitting transducer to generate a sound field required for measurement in a free field, and the receiver outputs an open-circuit voltage U under the action of the sound field out The complex voltage at two ends of the inductor is U 0 The emission current was measured at this time as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,omega is angular frequency, L 0 Is the response value of the inductance.
6. The inductance-based hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system of claim 5, wherein: calibration ofIn the process, three transducers, namely an auxiliary transducer, a reciprocal transducer and a hydrophone, are used, wherein the auxiliary transducer and the reciprocal transducer have reciprocity, and the three transducers respectively form a PT transducer pair based on the auxiliary transducer and the reciprocal transducer, a TP transducer pair based on the reciprocal transducer and the auxiliary transducer, a PH transducer pair based on the auxiliary transducer and the hydrophone and a TH transducer pair based on the reciprocal transducer and the hydrophone, and the distance between a transmitting transducer and the reciprocal transducer is d PT The distance between the transmitting transducer and the hydrophone is d PH The distance between the reciprocal transducer and the hydrophone is d TH Three satisfy d PT ＝d PH +d TH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In PT transducer pairs, the auxiliary transducer acts as a transmitter, and the complex excitation current is I CP The reciprocal transducer is used for receiving, and the complex open-circuit voltage of the reciprocal transducer is U PT The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In PH transducer pair, complex excitation current of auxiliary transducer is I CP The complex open circuit voltage of the hydrophone is U PH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the TH transducer pair, the complex excitation current of the reciprocal transducer is I CT The complex open circuit voltage of the hydrophone is U TH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In TP transducer pair, complex excitation current of reciprocal transducer is I CT The complex open circuit voltage of the auxiliary transducer is U TP The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the transducer pair, the relation between the complex excitation current and the complex voltage at two ends of the standard inductor is satisfied
The complex sensitivity of the hydrophone can be obtained by bringing the parameters into the reciprocity principle:
wherein J is the complex reciprocal constant of free field spherical wave.
7. The inductance-based hydrophone complex sensitivity free-field absolute calibration system of claim 6, wherein: the complex reciprocal constant can be expressed as:
wherein ρ is the density of water and f is the frequency;
by introducing the formula (4) into the formula (3), the influence of angular frequency and phase deflection can be eliminated
8. A calibration method based on the inductance-based hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system of any one of claims 1-7, characterized by: comprises the steps of,
step 1, fixing an auxiliary transducer, a reciprocal transducer and a hydrophone on a calibration support, looking up a table to obtain the underwater sound velocity c and the liquid density ρ, and obtaining an inductance response value L of an inductance according to a calibration/verification certificate 0 ；
Step 2, firstly, the auxiliary transducer is used as a transmitter, the hydrophone is used as a receiver, and the voltage amplitude |U at two ends of the inductor is measured respectively CP Open circuit voltage amplitude |U of| and hydrophone PH I, the phase difference of the two channels is measured by using an oscilloscope to be
Step 3, the auxiliary transducer is used as a transmitter, the reciprocal transducer is used as a receiver, and the voltage amplitude |U at two ends of the inductor are respectively measured CP Open circuit voltage amplitude of sum reciprocal transducer |U PT I, the phase difference of the two channels is measured by using an oscilloscope to be
Step 4, the reciprocal transducer is used as a transmitter, the hydrophone is used as a receiver, and the voltage amplitude |U at two ends of the inductor is measured respectively CT Open circuit voltage amplitude |U of| and hydrophone TH I, the phase difference of the two channels is measured by using an oscilloscope to be
Step 5, the reciprocal transducer is used as a transmitter, the auxiliary transducer is used as a receiver, and the voltage amplitude |U at two ends of the inductor are respectively measured CT Open circuit voltage amplitude of sum reciprocal transducer |U TP I, the phase difference of the two channels is measured by using an oscilloscope to be
Step 6, obtaining the amplitude of the hydrophone, which can be expressed as:
the phase of the hydrophone can be further obtained as follows:
at this time, the complex sensitivity of the hydrophone is:
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| CN202311236103.3A CN117330166A (en) | 2023-09-22 | 2023-09-22 | Hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system and method based on inductance |
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| CN202311236103.3A CN117330166A (en) | 2023-09-22 | 2023-09-22 | Hydrophone complex sensitivity free field absolute calibration system and method based on inductance |
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