CN205748623U - Microbubble generation electrode and device and the measurement apparatus of bubble resonance frequency - Google Patents
Microbubble generation electrode and device and the measurement apparatus of bubble resonance frequency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Microbubble generation electrode and device and the measurement apparatus of bubble resonance frequency, belong to underwater sound field.Add DC voltage at described contact rod two ends, produce during electrolysis waterWithBubble, form bubble population, requirement according to bubble concentration, number or discharging modes to contact rod carry out appropriate design, bubble is approximately normal distribution in aqueous medium, according to the sound wave principle that SATT is maximum when its tranmitting frequency of water transmission is identical with bubble resonance frequency, utilize hydrophone to there being the magnitudes of acoustic waves received under bubble-free existence condition to do difference, bigger difference frequency in the range of certain of Magnitude Difference maximum or maximum or scope, and then try to achieve the resonant frequency range of bubble, complete design and the design of resonant frequency device of simple gas bubble generating means in pond accordingly.Simplify the device of electrolysis Aquatic product anger bubble, and simplify the device measuring bubble resonance frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underwater sound, in particular to the field of measurement of microbubble resonance frequency.
Background
It is known that if a liquid contains bubbles, the acoustic properties of the medium are often changed due to the obvious difference between the acoustic impedance and the acoustic compression properties of air and the liquid, that is, forced vibration of the bubbles causes strong acoustic attenuation and dispersion properties when sound waves propagate in the liquid containing the bubbles, and secondary waves generated by the bubbles contain not only fundamental wave components but also high-level harmonics due to the nonlinearity of vibration. The resonance of the air bubble can cause the strongest acoustic nonlinearity, and the research is started in the underwater acoustic field to improve the emission efficiency of an acoustic parametric array, and the research is also used for detecting the existence of the air bubble and the size of the air bubble in engineering.
When the bubbles in the bubble-containing liquid are distributed to a certain extent, the bubbles with different sizes have different nonlinear effects, and only the bubbles which resonate with the frequency doubling of the sound wave play a main role. Therefore, the non-linear parameters of the bubble-containing liquid at different concentrations are the main contributors only to the size of the resonance bubble. Therefore, to utilize the specific increase of the non-linear parameter of the aqueous medium in the presence of the bubble, the resonant frequency thereof needs to be measured. Wu and Zhu reported work in 1992 on nonlinear acoustic parameters in water containing stable, uniform sized bubbles, indicating that the number of bubbles in water varies approximately as a gaussian distribution with the radius of equilibrium. The acoustic characteristics of the water medium can be changed after bubbles are generated in the water medium, the bubbles have strong dissipation and absorption performance on sound waves propagating in the medium, and meanwhile, the nonlinear parameters of the water medium can also be enhanced. The resonance frequency band range of the bubble is also a parameter of great concern for underwater acoustic measurement, so that the measurement of the resonance frequency of the bubble emitted by the bubble generator is an important step, when the frequency of the bubble is consistent with the frequency of the emitted sound wave, the sound wave resonates, and at the moment, the sound attenuation degree is maximum, so that the resonance frequency of the bubble can be searched according to the resonance frequency, and the emitted sound frequency of the bubble can be further obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a micro-bubble generating electrode, a device and a device for measuring bubble resonance frequency, which simplify the device for generating bubbles by electrolyzing water and simplify the device for measuring the bubble resonance frequency.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a microbubble generation electrode: the microbubble generation electrode includes: the power supply comprises 2n conductive rods, power interfaces and an insulating plate, wherein the 2n conductive rods are fixed on the insulating plate, the 2n conductive rods are connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a power supply in a staggered mode through the power interfaces, every two adjacent 2 conductive rods form 1 group of conductive loops, and n is a positive integer.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention further provides a microbubble generation device: the device comprises a micro-bubble generating electrode, a generating pool and a direct-current power supply, wherein the micro-bubble generating electrode is arranged at the central position of the bottom of the generating pool; and a power supply electrode of the direct current power supply is connected with a power supply interface of the microbubble generating electrode.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention further provides a device for measuring a microbubble resonance frequency: the device comprises a micro-bubble generating device, a transmitting sound source, a hydrophone and a data acquisition unit; the transmitting sound source and the hydrophones are equidistant from the bottom of the generating pool of the microbubble generating device, and the signal output end of the hydrophone is connected with the signal input end of the data acquisition unit.
The device of the invention can be used for completing the design of the simple bubble generating device in the pool and the measurement of the resonant frequency. According to the difference of the practical bubble concentration, the bubble concentration can be adjusted by applying the difference of the voltage supplied by the external power supply, and the bubble concentration can be changed by increasing or reducing the number of the conductive rods or the discharge mode.
The 2n conductive rods in the electrode are arranged at equal intervals and have equal length.
The transmitting sound source in the measuring device comprises a signal source and a transmitting transducer, wherein the signal output end of the signal source is connected with the signal input end of the transmitting transducer; the transmitting transducer and the hydrophone are equidistant from the bottom of the generating pool of the microbubble generating device.
The measuring device also comprises a power amplifier and a measuring amplifier, wherein the power amplifier is electrically connected between a signal source and the transmitting transducer; the measuring amplifier is electrically connected between the hydrophone and the data collector.
The measuring device further comprises a signal analyzer, and a signal input end of the signal analyzer is respectively connected with a signal output end of the signal source and a signal output end of the hydrophone. The measuring device also comprises a computer, wherein the signal input end of the computer is connected with the signal output end of the data acquisition unit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a microbubble generating electrode;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a microbubble generator;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring the resonance frequency of microbubbles;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of measuring the resonance frequency of microbubbles;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the measurement results of the resonant frequency of bubbles;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the emission frequency of a signal source;
FIG. 7 is an electromechanical analogy of small bubbles in a liquid under the action of sound waves.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1, in the microbubble generating electrode 1, the insulating plate 13 is used for fixing the conducting rods 11, 2n conducting rods 11 are equal in length, the conducting rods 11 are fixed on the insulating plate 13 at regular intervals, each conducting rod 11 penetrates through the insulating plate 13, red and blue conducting wires are used as power interfaces 12 to be connected with the conducting rods 11, and the 2n conducting rods 11 are connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of a power supply in a staggered manner through the power interfaces 12 and used for supplying power to the conducting rods 11.
The number or the discharge mode of the conductive rods 11 is increased, the density of the conductive rods is increased, the concentration of generated bubbles is increased, and in practical application, the conductive rods can be reasonably designed and modified according to the requirement of the concentration of the bubbles.
As shown in fig. 2, the microbubble generating electrode 1 is placed in the center of the generation cell 21, and the principle of generating bubbles is as follows. Benefit toThe voltage-stabilizing current-stabilizing power supply is used for adding direct-current voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply interface 12 to generate water in the process of electrolyzing waterAndthe air bubbles are generated by the air bubbles,andthe specific gravity is small, and along with the discharge of gas,andthe bubbles gradually float upwards, so that bubble groups with different radiuses and sizes are formed, and further bubble curtains are formed, and the bubbles are approximately normally distributed in the water medium. The equation for electrode electrolysis of water is:
the magnitude of the applied electrode voltage affects the concentration of the bubbles, the rate of rise of the bubbles per unit volume. Therefore, the magnitude of the voltage applied to the external supply electrode has a certain influence on the bubble concentration and the size thereof.
The principle of measurement of the microbubble resonance frequency is as follows:
according to the principle that sound waves propagate in water and the sound waves are attenuated most when the emission frequency of the sound waves is the same as the resonance frequency of the bubbles, the hydrophone 4 is used for subtracting the amplitude of the sound waves received in the condition of no bubbles, and a larger difference frequency point or range at the position with the largest amplitude difference value or in a certain maximum range is found, so that the resonance frequency range of the bubbles is obtained, and the average radius of a bubble group can be obtained through the statistics of the resonance frequency of the bubbles because the bubbles are approximately in normal distribution in a water medium.
As shown in fig. 4, the measurement method of the resonance frequency of the microbubbles finds the resonance frequency of the bubbles by a method of receiving the difference of the acoustic wave amplitudes of the acoustic signals.
The signal source 31 emits a pulse signal with a frequency which is modulated continuously, by means of a transmitting transducer 32 at regular intervals of a bandwidth deltafEmitting a certain frequency, the first emitting sound wave having a frequency offThe frequency of the second transmitted sound wave isf +△fThe frequency of the third transmitted sound wave isf +2△f…, the frequency of the Nth transmitting sound wave isf +(N-1)△f. Receiving with hydrophone 4 at a certain distance from transmitting transducer 32, passing through measuring amplifier, analyzing whether received signal is normal with signal analyzer 8, recording data with data collector 5 and transmitting to computer 9, respectively reading amplitude displayed on computer 9 by first transmitted signalA 1The received amplitude of the second transmitted signal isA 2The received amplitude of the third transmitted signal isA 3…, the received amplitude of the Nth transmitted signal isA N 。
(II) applying a 7V DC power supply 22 to the conductive rod 11, observing the stable bubble layer generated in the generating cell 21, the signal source 31 emitting a pulse signal with continuously modulated frequency, and using the transmitting transducer 32 to alternate a certain bandwidth Delta fEmitting a certain frequency, the first emitting sound wave having a frequency offThe frequency of the second transmitted sound wave isfAt a frequency of + Δ f, of the third transmitted acoustic wavef+2△f…, firstNAt a frequency of the emitted sound wave off+(N-1)△f. Receiving by the hydrophone 4 at a certain distance from the transmitting transducer 32, analyzing whether the received signal is normal or not by the signal analyzer 8 after the signal passes through the measuring amplifier, and if the received signal is normal, utilizing the dataThe data recorded by the collector 5 are transmitted to the computer 9, and the amplitude values displayed on the computer 9 by the first transmitting signal are respectively readB 1The received amplitude of the second transmitted signal isB 2The received amplitude of the third transmitted signal isB 3…, the received amplitude of the Nth transmitted signal isB N 。
And (III) making a relation curve of the amplitude of the received signal of the hydrophone 4 and the frequency of the transmitted sound wave in the state (I).
And fourthly, drawing a relation curve of the amplitude of the received signal of the hydrophone 4 and the frequency of the transmitted sound wave in the second state.
And fifthly, drawing a relation curve of the bubble amplitude difference and the emission sound wave frequency under the condition of no bubble.
And (VI) searching the frequency point of the maximum value of the amplitude reduction from the curve made in the step (five), wherein the frequency point is the resonance frequency of the bubble.
The sound attenuation of bubble-containing water, particularly when the bubbles resonate, is much greater than in pure water, so the present invention can obtain the resonance frequency of the bubbles directly according to this principle.
Examples
The device provided by the invention is applied to measuring the resonance frequency of the micro-bubbles generated by the aqueous medium, and comprises the following specific steps:
the microbubble generating electrode 1, the conducting rod 11 is the stainless steel conducting rod, the diameter of conducting rod 11 is 8mm, 2n conducting rod 11 are isometric, and length is 1 meter, and the insulation board 13 is the rectangle, and length is 0.5m, and 2n conducting rod 11 passes insulation board 13 every 2cm, leaves 10 cm's length in insulation board 13 other side, positive negative staggered arrangement, and insulation board 13 both sides are respectively fixed conducting rod 11 with a gasket and a screw, are connected with conducting rod 11 with red and blue conductor wire and are regarded as power source 12 for supply power for conducting rod 11.
The microbubble generator 2 has a generating pool 21 of 4m × 3m × 2m silencing pool and a DC power supply 22 adopting DH 1718 double-path tracking voltage and current stabilizing power supply.
As shown in fig. 3, the instrument used to measure the bubble resonance frequency: a 1-station 2-channel Tek 3102 signal source 31 for providing signals to a transmit transducer 32; a B & K2713 power amplifier 6 for performing output power amplification on the signal; the standard hydrophone B & K8101 is used for receiving underwater sound signals, and the receiving directivity is 183 dB; a B & K2636 measuring amplifier 7 for voltage-amplifying the received acoustic signal; a Tek 4034 signal analyzer 8 for detecting the transmitted signal and the received signal and judging whether the signals are normal or not; a multi-channel PULSE data acquisition unit 5 for acquiring signals received by the hydrophone 4; and the computer 9 is used for monitoring time domain waveforms, and experimental data is stored in a hard disk of the computer 9 when the waveforms are normal.
Measurement of the bubble resonance frequency: and (3) placing an electrode for electrolyzing water at the bottom of the generating pool 21 between the transmitting transducer 32 and the B & K8101 receiving hydrophone 4, observing the change of the sound amplitude value after the sound wave passes through the bubble layer, and searching for a resonance frequency point. Before testing, the transmitting transducer 32 and the receiving hydrophone 4 are ensured to be positioned on the same straight line, the distance between the transmitting transducer 32 and the receiving hydrophone 4 is 186cm, the water inlet depth of the receiving hydrophone 4 is 52cm and is 18cm from the pool bottom, the distance between the microbubble generating electrode 1 and the transmitting transducer 32 is 138cm, the distance between the transmitting transducer 32 and the pool wall is 18cm, a transmitting signal is a CW Pulse in the testing process, as shown in FIG. 6, the Pulse period is 100ms, the Pulse filling number of 35kHz signals is 50, and a measuring amplifier 7 is adjusted to a proper multiple and then performs data acquisition by using Pulse. Assuming that the test environment is a free sound field with the same property, sound waves are spherically expanded in the water pool.
In order to correctly distinguish direct sound and reflected sound reaching the hydrophone 4 and accurately process experimental data, the signal source 31 is used as an external trigger source of the Pulse of the data acquisition unit 5, so that the first signal acquired by the Pulse is direct sound while transmitting sound signals, and thus the direct sound and the reflected signals are distinguished.
The decay control test was performed without bubbles and with bubbles. And transmitting a continuous single-frequency signal, wherein the frequency of the signal is changed from 10kHz to 80kHz every 10kHz, and the signal source 31 is provided with an amplitude peak-to-peak value of 800 mV. The power amplifiers 6 are all rotated to 60dB, the measuring amplifier 7 is adjusted to a proper multiple and then performs PULSE acquisition, the data length is 120s when no bubble exists, and the data length is 300s when bubbles exist. The power statistics for each frequency signal with no bubbles and with bubbles are shown in table 1.
The acoustic attenuation curve of the electrolysis bubble is shown in figure 5.
The bubbles are generally formed by dispersing gas entering the liquid layer through small holes, small bubbles do not belong to sound absorption materials, obvious absorption and scattering effects exist when small bubble groups exist in water, and sound waves can be greatly attenuated after passing through the small bubble groups. The small bubble is similar to the resonance cavity and deforms uniformly under the action of sound wave, which is equivalent to an elastic element, and the electromechanical analogy diagram is shown in figure 7.
Equivalent elastic modulus:radiation acoustic resistance:the mass of resonance:total pressure acting on the small bubbles:. Wherein,is the bubble radius;is the acoustic angular frequency;is a beam;is the speed of sound in the medium;is the density of the medium;is the bubble surface area; Is the pressure acting on the bubble;is the ratio of the gas 'isobaric specific heat to the gas' isovolumetric specific heat, and for air under standard conditions,，is the small bubble volume. The equivalent mechanical impedance of the small bubble under forced vibration and the resonance frequency relation of the small bubble are obtained by an electromechanical analog circuit:
in order to be the radius of the bubble,is the original frequency of the sound wave,in terms of the wave number, the number of waves,being the speed of sound in the medium,as the density of the medium, it is,is the pressure acting on the gas bubbles and,is the ratio of the gas isobaric specific heat to the gas isobaric specific heat,is the bubble surface area.
For bubbles in water, takeOf airAnd the air bubbles are arranged near the water surface1 atm, from which it is possible to obtain:whereinin cm. When the resonance frequency of the bubble is obtained, the bubble radius can also be obtained by this equation.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A microbubble generation electrode, comprising: the power supply comprises 2n conductive rods (11), power interfaces (12) and insulating plates (13), wherein the 2n conductive rods (11) are fixed on the insulating plates (13), the 2n conductive rods (11) are connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a power supply in a staggered mode through the power interfaces (12), every two adjacent 2 conductive rods (11) form 1 group of conductive loops, and n is a positive integer.
2. The electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that said 2n conductor bars (11) are of equal length and are arranged at equal intervals.
3. A microbubble generation apparatus comprising the microbubble generation electrode (1) according to claim 1, a generation tank (21), and a direct current power supply (22), the microbubble generation electrode (1) being disposed at a bottom center position of the generation tank (21); and a power supply electrode of the direct current power supply (22) is connected with a power supply interface (12) of the microbubble generating electrode (1).
4. A microbubble resonance frequency measurement apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus comprises the microbubble generation apparatus (2) of claim 3, a transmission sound source (3), a hydrophone (4) and a data collector (5); the transmitting sound source (3) and the hydrophone (4) are equal in distance from the bottom of the generating pool (21) of the microbubble generating device (2), and the signal output end of the hydrophone (4) is connected with the signal input end of the data collector (5).
5. Measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that the transmitting acoustic source (3) comprises a signal source (31) and a transmitting transducer (32), the signal output of the signal source (31) being connected to the signal input of the transmitting transducer (32); the transmitting transducer (32) and the hydrophone (4) are equidistant from the bottom of the generating pool (21) of the microbubble generating device (2).
6. The measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a power amplifier (6) and a measuring amplifier (7), said power amplifier (6) being electrically connected between the signal source (31) and the transmitting transducer (32); the measuring amplifier (7) is electrically connected between the hydrophone (4) and the data collector (5).
7. A measuring arrangement as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the measuring arrangement further comprises a signal analyzer (8), signal inputs of the signal analyzer (8) being connected to signal outputs of the signal source (31) and the hydrophone (4), respectively.
8. A measuring device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the measuring device further comprises a computer (9), a signal input of the computer (9) being connected to a signal output of the data collector (5).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109085247A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-12-25 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of acoustic contrast agent cavitation bubble group resonance state measurement method |
| CN109933949A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A method of establishing fluctuation in bubbly liquid-vibration nonlinearity sound field |
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2016
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109085247A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-12-25 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of acoustic contrast agent cavitation bubble group resonance state measurement method |
| CN109085247B (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-10-30 | 中国计量大学 | Ultrasonic contrast agent cavitation bubble group resonance state measurement method |
| CN109933949A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A method of establishing fluctuation in bubbly liquid-vibration nonlinearity sound field |
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