CN117329567A - Heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling solar heating system and method - Google Patents
Heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling solar heating system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117329567A CN117329567A CN202311241928.4A CN202311241928A CN117329567A CN 117329567 A CN117329567 A CN 117329567A CN 202311241928 A CN202311241928 A CN 202311241928A CN 117329567 A CN117329567 A CN 117329567A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 geothermal heat Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009025 developmental regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
- F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
- F24D11/0221—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
- F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
- F24D11/0235—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system with recuperation of waste energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
- F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/16—Waste heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/16—Waste heat
- F24D2200/18—Flue gas recuperation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling solar heating system and a method, wherein the system comprises a flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, a superheated steam circulation system, a multi-heat source heat pump system and a solar photo-thermal system; the heat return water absorbs heat in the multi-heat source heat pump system and further absorbs heat in the solar photo-thermal system or directly enters the superheated steam circulation system to absorb heat and become heat supply water, and the steam of the superheated steam circulation system enters the multi-heat source heat pump system to do work and exchange heat and then returns to the superheated steam circulation system; the low-temperature heat source of the multi-heat source heat pump system is one or a combination of a flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, an air cooling unit, geothermal heat and industrial waste heat, and the heat pump system is a compression heat pump system; the coupled solar energy is used as auxiliary energy to improve the overall heating efficiency and economy of the system; by adopting multiple low-temperature heat sources, the waste heat of the flue gas is deeply utilized, and the regional limitation caused by taking geothermal energy as a single low-temperature heat source is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of a multi-energy complementary coupling heat supply system, in particular to a heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling solar heating system and a method.
Background
The energy utilization situation is more and more severe, the energy utilization rate is improved, the energy utilization structure is improved, and the sustainable development energy utilization route is the first topic in the world. The green low-carbon technology is promoted to realize a great breakthrough in the whole industry, the research of the low-carbon front-end technology is grasped and deployed, the popularization and application of the energy-saving, carbon-reduction and pollution-reduction technology are quickened, a complete green low-carbon technology assessment, transaction system and technological innovation service platform is established, the high-quality development of enterprises is promoted, and the carbon emission of a full supply chain of the life cycle of the product is minimized.
The conventional low-temperature source heat pump system takes CN216114743U applied by Qingdao electric engineering consultation Limited company in Shandong province and CN205174913U applied by Jiangsu Su Xinpulen New energy Limited company in Jiangsu province as examples, takes air heat energy or geothermal energy as a single heat source, has poor adaptability to changing working conditions, needs groundwater and surface water to continuously provide heat for the system when geothermal is adopted as a low-temperature heat source, is limited by geothermal resource endowment and development regulation, and has larger electric energy consumption and high carbon emission because a compressor is electrically driven.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling solar heating system and a method, which take superheated steam generated by a coal-fired industrial boiler as a main heat source to supply heat to meet the basic heat supply requirement, and couple heat release of working media in a condenser and heat release of a solar heat accumulator in the heat pump system to improve the heat supply efficiency and economy. The heat energy cascade utilization of the superheated steam generated by the coal-fired industrial boiler is realized, the high-grade heat energy of the high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam at the outlet of the coal-fired industrial boiler is converted into mechanical energy, the high-back pressure turbine is driven to generate power, the compressor in the heat pump system is driven to do work, then the exhaust gas at the outlet of the high-back pressure turbine enters the condenser, the lower-grade heat energy is utilized to heat the heating backwater to realize the energy cascade utilization, and the boiler efficiency of nearly 10% can be improved. Meanwhile, a heat pump system with a plurality of low-temperature heat sources is adopted, air heat energy, industrial waste heat, geothermal energy and low-temperature flue gas waste heat are used as low-temperature heat sources for heat supply, the adaptability to variable working conditions is enhanced, the cascade utilization of energy is realized again, the flue gas waste heat is fully utilized, the boiler efficiency is improved by 10%, and the total efficiency of the boiler can be improved by 20%. The multi-heat source coupling heat supply can lead the system to realize more economic, efficient, stable and reliable operation, and the comprehensive coordination of clean heat supply with high efficiency, environmental protection and technical economy is considered.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling solar heating system and method comprises a flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, a superheated steam circulation system, a multi-heat source heat pump system and a solar photo-thermal system; wherein, the heating backwater absorbs heat in the multi-heat source heat pump system and further absorbs heat in the solar photo-thermal system or directly enters the superheated steam circulation system to absorb heat so as to become heating and water supply, the steam of the superheated steam circulation system enters the multi-heat source heat pump system to do work and exchange heat, and then returns to the superheated steam circulation system; the low-temperature heat source of the multi-heat source heat pump system is one or a combination of a flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, an air cooling unit, geothermal heat and industrial waste heat, and the heat pump system is a compression heat pump system.
Further, in the flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced after treatment and heat release, and the latent heat in the water vapor is recovered and then discharged;
in the superheated steam circulation system, high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam firstly enters a compression heat pump system to do work and then becomes exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas heats heating backwater from a multi-heat source heat pump system or a solar photo-thermal system and then enters a flue gas waste heat deep recovery system to absorb heat and then returns to the hot steam circulation system;
in the multi-heat source heat pump system, after the working medium in a higher temperature state heats and heats backwater, the temperature is reduced, the working medium with the reduced temperature absorbs the heat of a low-temperature heat source, and the working medium enters the circulation work again;
and a heat exchange medium in the solar photo-thermal system absorbs solar heat and then heats heating backwater heated by the multi-heat source heat pump system.
Further, when the temperature of the outdoor air is lower than the temperature of the working medium in the multi-heat source heat pump system, the working medium of the multi-heat source heat pump system absorbs heat from the flue gas waste heat deep recovery system; when the outdoor temperature is higher than the temperature of the working medium in the heat pump system, the working medium of the multi-heat source heat pump system absorbs heat in the air cooling unit and the flue gas waste heat deep recovery system in sequence;
when the air temperature is lower than the temperature of the refrigerant in the multi-heat-source heat pump system, the working medium of the multi-heat-source heat pump system sequentially absorbs heat in the deep recovery system of industrial waste heat, geothermal heat and smoke waste heat or sequentially absorbs heat from the deep recovery system of multiple strands of industrial waste heat and smoke waste heat.
Further, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas at 150 ℃ is reduced to 50-52 ℃ after treatment and heat release, when the initial temperature of heating backwater is 45 ℃, the heat of working medium in a heat pump system can be absorbed to 64-67 ℃, the heating temperature of the flue gas entering a solar photo-thermal system reaches 74-77 ℃, and then the flue gas is heated to 120 ℃ through the exhaust gas in a thermal steam circulation system;
in the multi-heat source heat pump system, the low-temperature working medium with the temperature of minus 20 ℃ to 0 ℃ is heated to 16 ℃ to 22 ℃ through industrial waste heat, then the heating temperature is raised to 34 ℃ to 37 ℃ through a geothermal and flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, the industrial waste heat is the heat in high-temperature cooling water, the temperature of the high-temperature cooling water with the temperature of 40 ℃ to 45 ℃ is reduced to 18 ℃ to 20 ℃ after the low-temperature working medium exchanges heat, and the low-temperature working medium is further cooled to 8 ℃ to 10 ℃ and then returns to the industrial system.
Meanwhile, based on the conception of the method, the invention also provides a heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling solar heating system and a method, wherein the system comprises a flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, a superheated steam circulation system, a multi-heat source heat pump system and a solar photo-thermal system, the multi-heat source heat pump system is sequentially connected with a compressor, a condenser, a throttle valve and an evaporator, and an outlet of the evaporator is connected with an inlet of the compressor; the flue gas waste heat deep recovery system is provided with a flue gas deep cooler and a condensation heat exchanger for recovering flue gas waste heat of the coal-fired industrial boiler, and in the superheated steam circulation system, the coal-fired industrial boiler, the high back pressure steam turbine, the condenser and the flue gas deep cooler are sequentially connected, and the flue gas deep cooler is also connected with the coal-fired industrial boiler; the heating water return pipeline is sequentially connected with the condenser, the solar photo-thermal system and the condenser; the low-temperature heat source of the evaporator is one or a combination of low-temperature flue gas, geothermal heat, industrial waste heat and an air cooling system.
Further, the multiple heat source heat pump system achieves multiple heat source utilization by several arrangements:
the evaporator is sequentially connected with the air cooling unit and the condensing heat exchanger, and a valve is arranged between the evaporator and the air cooling unit;
the evaporator sequentially connects the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the geothermal well and the condensing heat exchanger, and a valve is arranged between the evaporator and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger;
the evaporator sequentially connects the shell-and-tube heat exchanger group and the condensing heat exchanger, a valve is arranged between the evaporator and the condensing heat exchanger, and a valve is arranged between the evaporator and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger group;
the evaporator is sequentially connected with the air cooling unit, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the geothermal well and the condensing heat exchanger;
a valve is arranged between the evaporator and the air cooling unit, and a valve is arranged between the evaporator and the condensing heat exchanger.
Further, in the superheated steam circulation system, a coal-fired industrial boiler, a high back pressure steam turbine, a condenser and a flue gas deep cooler are sequentially connected; the coal-fired industrial boiler, the flue gas deep cooler, the dust remover, the desulfurizing tower, the condensing heat exchanger and the chimney are sequentially connected.
Further, in the solar photo-thermal system, the solar heat collecting module is connected with the solar heat accumulator, the heating water return pipeline is sequentially connected with the condenser, the solar heat accumulator and the condenser, a valve is arranged between the condenser and the condenser, the inlet and the outlet of the solar heat accumulator are both provided with valves, heat conduction oil is used as heat exchange medium of the solar heat collecting module and the solar heat accumulator, and paraffin is filled in the solar heat accumulator.
Furthermore, the solar heat accumulator adopts a combination structure of spiral coils and coiled pipes, the spiral coils are arranged in parallel and transversely in a multi-row mode, the coiled pipes are penetrated in the spiral coils, heat conduction oil flows in the spiral coils, heating backwater flows in the coiled pipes from bottom to top, and paraffin is filled between the spiral coils and the coiled pipes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
according to the heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling solar heating system and method, steam generated by a coal-fired industrial boiler is used as a main heat source to supply heat to meet the basic heat supply requirement, and the heat released by working media in a condenser in the heat pump system and the heat release of paraffin in a solar heat accumulator are coupled to improve the heat supply efficiency and economy; realizes the cascade utilization of energy and reduces the generation of return water caused by direct heating of heating by high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam generated by the coal-fired industrial boilerLoss can effectively improve the boiler efficiency by nearly 10%; the heat pump system adopts a multi-heat source complementary coupling heat supply technology, adopts a plurality of heat sources of air, industrial waste heat, geothermal heat and smoke waste heat, deeply recovers the latent heat of vapor in the smoke, improves the boiler efficiency by 10 percent, adopts high-temperature superheated vapor to drive a compressor, and simultaneously greatly reduces the power consumption of the system, thereby achieving the aim of reducing carbon and reducing carbon; the heat supply efficiency can be greatly improved, and the heat supply and heat consumption of the whole heat supply pipeline system can be greatly reduced; the solar energy is used as an auxiliary heat source to raise the heating backwater temperature, so that the utilization rate of the solar energy can be improved, and the characteristic that the solar energy heating system is unstable due to the series defects of indirection, instability, low energy density and the like is avoided; the multi-heat source heat pump system and the three-heat source heating mode are strong in variable working condition adaptability, can meet heat consumption requirements of different seasons and different weather, can provide heating hot water with higher temperature in winter, and can meet heating requirements of radiators.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat pump system using air and flue gas waste heat as low temperature heat sources, and a method and system for cascade utilization of heat energy and coupling of multiple heat sources and heat pumps.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heat pump system using industrial waste heat, geothermal heat and flue gas waste heat as low temperature heat sources, and a method for cascade utilization of heat energy and coupling of multiple heat sources to solar heating.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heat pump system with multiple industrial waste heat and flue gas waste heat as low temperature heat sources for a heat energy cascade utilization and multiple heat source heat pump coupled solar heating system and method.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a heat pump system using air, industrial waste heat, geothermal heat and flue gas waste heat as low temperature heat sources, and a method for cascade utilization of heat energy and coupling of multiple heat sources to solar heating.
Fig. 5 illustrates a solar heating system and method using heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling, and a manner of distributing pipes and filling heat storage materials in a solar heat accumulator.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description
As shown in fig. 1, the system and the method for cascade utilization of heat energy and coupling of multiple heat source heat pumps to solar heating of the invention comprise: the system comprises a coal-fired industrial boiler 1, a flue gas deep cooler 2, a dust remover 3, a desulfurizing tower 4, a condensing heat exchanger 5, a chimney 6, a high back pressure steam turbine 7, a compressor 8, a condenser 9, a throttle valve 10, an evaporator 11, an air cooling unit 12, a solar heat collection module 13, a solar heat accumulator 14, a condenser 15, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17, a geothermal well 18, a cooling tower 19 and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger group 20. In the flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, a coal-fired industrial boiler 1, a flue gas deep cooler 2, a dust remover 3, a desulfurizing tower 4, a condensing heat exchanger 5 and a chimney 6 are connected in sequence; in the superheated steam circulation system, a coal-fired industrial boiler 1, a high back pressure steam turbine 7, a condenser 15 and a flue gas deep cooler 2 are connected in sequence; in the multi-heat source heat pump system, a compressor 8, a condenser 9, a throttle valve 10, an evaporator 11, an air cooling unit 12 and a condensation heat exchanger 5 are sequentially connected; in the solar photo-thermal system, a solar heat collection module 13 is connected with a solar heat accumulator 14; the condenser 9, the solar heat accumulator 14 and the condenser 15 are sequentially connected to form a three-heat source heating backwater loop.
In the three-heat source heating backwater loop, heating backwater flows through the condenser 9 to absorb heat of working medium in the heat pump system, a valve I161 is arranged between the condenser 9 and the solar heat accumulator 14, a valve II 162 is arranged between the solar heat accumulator 14 and the condenser 15, a valve III 163 is arranged between the condenser 9 and the condenser 15, and when the valve I161 and the valve II 162 are opened by closing the valve III 163, heating backwater from the condenser 9 flows through the solar heat accumulator 14 and then enters the condenser 15 to be heated by exhaust gas from the high back pressure turbine 7. Wherein, the heating backwater in the condenser 9 can directly enter the condenser 15 to absorb the heat of the exhaust gas; in the solar photo-thermal system, paraffin and heat conduction oil are adopted in the solar photo-thermal system, the heat conduction oil absorbs radiant heat from the sun in the solar heat collection module 13, then enters the solar heat accumulator 14 to transfer heat to the paraffin, and the heat conduction oil with reduced temperature returns to the solar heat collection module 13 again, so that heat conduction oil circulation is completed. When the heating return water flows through the solar heat accumulator 14, the paraffin transfers its heat to the heating return water.
The high-temperature and high-pressure overheat from the outlet of the coal-fired industrial boiler 1 firstly enters the high-back pressure turbine 7 to drive the high-back pressure turbine 7 to operate, high-grade heat energy of the high-back pressure turbine is converted into mechanical energy of the high-back pressure turbine 7, the exhaust gas from the outlet of the high-back pressure turbine 7 enters the condenser 15, water vapor with lower grade energy enters the condenser 15, the water vapor fully exchanges heat with heating backwater from the condenser 9 or the solar heat accumulator 14 and then leaves the condenser 15, the drain water from the condenser 15 enters the flue gas deep cooler 2 to fully exchange heat with high-temperature flue gas from the flue gas outlet of the coal-fired industrial boiler 1, the flue gas temperature is reduced, the drain water temperature is increased, and the water vapor enters the coal-fired industrial boiler 1 again. The high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam generated by the coal-fired industrial boiler 1 has high energy grade, and can generate larger energy if being directly used for heating and backwaterThe heat energy in the high-grade superheated steam is converted into mechanical energy to drive the high-back pressure turbine 7 to do work, thereby bringingThe compressor 8 in the dynamic heat pump system works, and the low-grade heat energy of the water vapor after the temperature and the pressure are reduced is reused to heat and heat the heating backwater, so that the system +.>The loss realizes the cascade utilization of energy and can effectively improve the boiler efficiency by 10 percent. The high-temperature flue gas with the flue gas outlet of about 150 ℃ of the coal-fired industrial boiler 1 sequentially passes through a flue gas deep cooler 2, a dust remover 3 and a desulfurizing tower 4, then the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, the latent heat in the water vapor is fully recovered through a condensation heat exchanger 5, and finally the flue gas is discharged through a chimney 6. The sensible heat latent heat of the vapor in the flue gas is fully recovered, and ash and sulfur elements in the flue gas are removed, so that the harm of acid rain generated by the flue gas is avoided.
The working medium in the heat pump system adopts R134a, R22, R140a or R290, wherein the antifreeze glycol or the glycerol is added. The temperature and pressure of working medium from the evaporator 11 are increased by the compressor 8, the working medium with the temperature of 60 ℃ is obtained at the outlet of the compressor 8, the high-temperature working medium from the compressor 8 enters the condenser 9 and leaves the condenser 9 after fully exchanging heat with heating backwater, the temperature of the working medium is reduced to-20 ℃ to 0 ℃ after being throttled by the throttle valve 10, the low-temperature working medium from the throttle valve 10 enters the evaporator 11, a valve IV 164 is arranged between the evaporator 11 and the air cooling unit 12, a valve IV 165 is arranged between the evaporator 11 and the condensing heat exchanger 5, and when the valve IV 164 is opened and the valve IV 165 is closed, the low-temperature working medium from the evaporator 11 sequentially flows through the air cooling unit 12 and the condensing heat exchanger 5 to absorb heat.
Paraffin and heat conducting oil are adopted in the solar photo-thermal system, the heat conducting oil absorbs radiant heat from the sun in the solar heat collecting module 13, then enters the solar heat accumulator 14 to transfer heat to the paraffin, and the heat conducting oil with reduced temperature returns to the solar heat collecting module 13 again, so that heat conducting oil circulation is completed. The paraffin is changed from a solid state to a liquid state after being heated, a large amount of sensible heat and latent heat are stored, and when the heating backwater flows through the solar heat accumulator 14, the paraffin transfers heat to the heating backwater, and at the moment, the paraffin is changed from the liquid state to the solid state again; the solar heat collector adopts a disc type solar heat collector or a groove type solar heat collector, and has the advantages of low resistance, low emission quality and lower cost, and can obtain higher heat collection temperature; the solar heat accumulator adopts the combination of spiral coils and coiled pipes, the spiral coils are arranged in parallel and transversely in a multi-row mode, the coiled pipes are penetrated in the spiral coils, heat conduction oil flows in the spiral coils, heating backwater flows in the coiled pipes from bottom to top, and paraffin is filled between the spiral coils and the coiled pipes.
As shown in fig. 2, in the multi-heat source heat pump system, a compressor 8, a condenser 9, a throttle valve 10, an evaporator 11, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17, a geothermal well 18 and a condensing heat exchanger 5 are sequentially connected, air, industrial waste heat, geothermal heat and flue gas waste heat are used as multi-low temperature heat sources, when a valve IV 164 is opened and a valve V165 is closed, low-temperature working medium from the evaporator sequentially flows through the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17, the geothermal well 18 and the condensing heat exchanger 5, the industrial waste heat is heat in high-temperature cooling water, the high-temperature cooling water flows out of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17 after exchanging heat with the low-temperature working medium, enters a cooling tower 19, and is cooled by the cooling tower 19 to become low-temperature cooling water to return to the industrial system.
As shown in fig. 3, in the multi-heat source heat pump system, a compressor 8, a condenser 9, a throttle valve 10, an evaporator 11, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger group 20 and a condensing heat exchanger 5 may be sequentially connected, multiple industrial waste heat and flue gas waste heat are used as low-temperature heat sources, when a valve IV 164 is opened and a valve V165 is closed, the low-temperature working medium from the evaporator 11 sequentially flows through the shell-and-tube heat exchanger group 20 and the condensing heat exchanger, the industrial waste heat is heat in industrial waste water, and the high-temperature industrial waste water returns to the industrial system for reuse or discharge after being heated by the shell-and-tube heat exchanger group 20.
As shown in fig. 4, in the multi-heat source heat pump system, a compressor 8, a condenser 9, a throttle valve 10, an evaporator 11, an air cooling unit 12, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17, a geothermal well 18 and a condensation heat exchanger 5 are sequentially connected, air, industrial waste heat, geothermal heat and flue gas waste heat are used as multi-low temperature heat sources, when a valve IV 164 is opened and a valve V165 is closed, low-temperature working medium from the evaporator sequentially flows through the air cooling unit 12, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17, the geothermal well 18 and the condensation heat exchanger 5, industrial waste heat is heat in high-temperature cooling water, the high-temperature cooling water flows out of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17 after exchanging heat with the low-temperature working medium, enters a cooling tower 19 after leaving the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17, and is cooled by the cooling tower 19 to be low-temperature cooling water to return to the industrial system.
As shown in fig. 5, the solar heat accumulator adopts a combination structure of spiral coils and coiled pipes, the spiral coils are arranged in parallel and transversely in a multi-row mode, the coiled pipes are penetrated in the spiral coils, heat conduction oil flows in the spiral coils, heating backwater flows in the coiled pipes from bottom to top, and paraffin is filled between the spiral coils and the coiled pipes.
In the heat pump system, the energy input into the system is the heat of the air cooling unit 12, the heat of the condensing heat exchanger 5 and the work done by the compressor 8, the energy output from the system is the heat release of the condenser 9, and the heat release of the condenser 9 is proportional to the system heat because the work done by the compressor 8 is approximately unchanged, so the heat pump system can be controlled to absorb heat from a single heat source or multiple heat sources by controlling the valve IV 164 and the valve IV 165, and the heat release of the condenser 9 is controlled.
The temperature of the high-temperature flue gas at 150 ℃ is reduced to 50-52 ℃ after treatment and heat release, when the initial temperature of heating backwater is 45 ℃, the heat of working medium in a heat pump system can be absorbed to 64-67 ℃, the heating temperature of the flue gas entering a solar photo-thermal system reaches 74-77 ℃, and then the flue gas is heated to 120 ℃ through the exhaust gas in a thermal steam circulation system;
in the multi-heat source heat pump system, the low-temperature working medium with the temperature of minus 20 ℃ to 0 ℃ is heated to 16 ℃ to 22 ℃ through industrial waste heat, then the heating temperature is raised to 34 ℃ to 37 ℃ through a geothermal and flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, the industrial waste heat is the heat in high-temperature cooling water, the temperature of the high-temperature cooling water with the temperature of 40 ℃ to 45 ℃ is reduced to 18 ℃ to 20 ℃ after the low-temperature working medium exchanges heat, and the low-temperature working medium is further cooled to 8 ℃ to 10 ℃ and then returns to the industrial system.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, in winter such as north of Xinjiang, northeast, etc., the outdoor air temperature is lower than the temperature of the working medium in the heat pump system, at this time, valve four 164 is closed, valve five 165 is opened, and the working medium absorbs heat from the single heat source condensing heat exchanger 5; when the outdoor temperature is higher than the temperature of the working medium in the heat pump system, the valve IV 164 can be opened to close the valve V165, so that the working medium sequentially flows through the air cooling unit 12 and the condensation heat exchanger 5, and absorbs heat from two low-temperature heat sources simultaneously.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, in winter, valve five 165 and valve three 163 may be closed, valve one 161, valve two 162 and valve four 164 may be opened, the working medium in the heat pump system absorbs heat from two low-temperature heat sources of the air cooling unit 12 and the condensation heat exchanger 5 at the same time, at this time, the heat release degree of the condenser 9 is maximum, and the heating backwater flows through the condenser 9, the solar heat accumulator 14 and the condenser 15 in sequence, so that heat absorption is maximally performed to meet the heating requirement.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 2, in north such as northeast region or north of Xinjiang, the outdoor temperature is extremely low in winter, the air temperature is lower than the temperature of the refrigerant in the heat pump system, and at this time, the air cannot be used as the low temperature heat source, so the valve five 165 can be closed to open the valve four 164, the working medium from the evaporator 11 flows through the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17, the geothermal well 18 and the condensation heat exchanger 5 in sequence, and industrial waste heat, geothermal heat and flue gas waste heat are used as the low temperature heat sources to meet the heating requirement.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 3, in north such as northeast or north of Xinjiang, the outdoor temperature is extremely low in winter, valve five 165 can be closed to open valve four 164, working medium from evaporator 11 flows through shell-and-tube heat exchanger group 20 and condensing heat exchanger 5 in turn, and multiple industrial waste heat and flue gas waste heat are used as low-temperature heat sources to meet heating requirements.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 4, when air, industrial waste heat, geothermal heat and flue gas waste heat are used as the multi-temperature heat source, medium temperatures of the air cooling unit 12, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17, the geothermal well and the condensation heat exchanger 18, which exchange heat with working media in the heat pump system, rise sequentially, a valve four 164 is opened, a valve five 165 is closed, and the temperature of the working media rises stepwise after passing through the air cooling unit 12, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17, the geothermal well 18 and the condensation heat exchanger 5 sequentially, so that the energy cascade utilization is realized, and the system can be greatly reducedLoss.
If the initial temperature of the heating backwater is 45 ℃, after the heating backwater flows through the condenser 9 to receive the heat of working medium in the heat pump system, the temperature reaches 65 ℃ when leaving the condenser 9, a valve I161 is arranged between the condenser 9 and the solar heat accumulator 14, a valve II 162 is arranged between the solar heat accumulator 14 and the condenser 15, a valve III 163 is arranged between the condenser 9 and the condenser 15, when the valve I161 and the valve II 162 are opened by closing the valve III 163, the heating backwater from the condenser 9 flows through the solar heat accumulator 14, the temperature reaches 75 ℃ when leaving the solar heat accumulator 14, the heating backwater from the solar heat accumulator 14 enters the condenser 15 and is heated by the exhaust gas from the high back pressure turbine 7, and finally reaches 120 ℃.
The compressor 8, the condenser 9, the throttle valve 10, the evaporator 11, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17, the geothermal well 18 and the condensation heat exchanger 5 can be sequentially connected, industrial waste heat, geothermal heat and flue gas waste heat are used as low-temperature heat sources, when the valve IV 164 is opened and the valve V165 is closed, the temperature of low-temperature working medium with the temperature of about-20 ℃ to 0 ℃ from the evaporator 11 is increased to about 18 ℃ after flowing through the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17, then the temperature of the medium is increased to 35 ℃ after flowing through the geothermal well 18, the industrial waste heat is heat in high-temperature cooling water, the temperature of the high-temperature cooling water with the temperature of about 40 ℃ is reduced to 20 ℃ after flowing through the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17 and the low-temperature working medium, the high-temperature working medium leaves the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 17 to enter the cooling tower 19, and the low-temperature cooling water with the temperature of about 10 ℃ after being cooled by the cooling tower 19 returns to the industrial system.
In the multi-heat source heat pump system, a compressor 8, a condenser 9, a throttle valve 10, an evaporator 11, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger group 20 and a condensing heat exchanger 5 are sequentially connected, a plurality of industrial waste heat and flue gas waste heat are used as low-temperature heat sources, when a valve IV 164 is opened and a valve V165 is closed, a low-temperature working medium from the evaporator 11 sequentially flows through the shell-and-tube heat exchanger group and the condensing heat exchanger 5, the industrial waste heat is heat in industrial waste water, and the high-temperature industrial waste water is returned to an industrial system for reuse or discharge after the temperature of the low-temperature working medium from the evaporator 11 is reduced from 40 ℃ to 10 ℃ through the shell-and-tube heat exchanger group 20.
The invention has the advantages of energy cascade utilization, flue gas waste heat deep recovery, heat supply by adopting multiple heat sources, strong adaptability to different areas and weather and complementary coupling of multiple functions, can effectively improve the boiler efficiency by 20%, stably provide heating backwater at 100-120 ℃, can reduce carbon emission by more than 30%, and meets the national targets of carbon reduction and carbon reduction.
In summary, the invention provides a heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling solar heating system and method, which uses superheated steam generated by a coal-fired industrial boiler as a main heat source to supply heat to meet the basic heat supply requirement, and couples heat release of working media in a condenser and heat release of a solar heat accumulator in the heat pump system to improve heat supply efficiency and economy. The heat energy cascade utilization of the superheated steam generated by the coal-fired industrial boiler is realized, the high-grade heat energy of the high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam at the outlet of the coal-fired industrial boiler is converted into mechanical energy, the high-back pressure turbine is driven to generate power, the compressor in the heat pump system is driven to do work, then the exhaust gas at the outlet of the high-back pressure turbine enters the condenser, the lower-grade heat energy is utilized to heat the heating backwater to realize the energy cascade utilization, and the boiler efficiency of nearly 10% can be improved. Meanwhile, a heat pump system with a plurality of low-temperature heat sources is adopted, air heat energy, industrial waste heat, geothermal energy and low-temperature flue gas waste heat are used as low-temperature heat sources for heat supply, the adaptability to variable working conditions is enhanced, the cascade utilization of energy is realized again, the flue gas waste heat is fully utilized, the boiler efficiency is improved by 10%, and the total efficiency of the boiler can be improved by 20%. The multi-heat source coupling heat supply can lead the system to realize more economic, efficient, stable and reliable operation, and the comprehensive coordination of clean heat supply with high efficiency, environmental protection and technical economy is considered.
Claims (9)
1. The solar heating method by utilizing heat energy in a gradient way and coupling the multiple heat sources with the heat pump is characterized by comprising a flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, a superheated steam circulation system, a multiple heat sources heat pump system and a solar photo-thermal system; wherein, the heating backwater absorbs heat in the multi-heat source heat pump system and further absorbs heat in the solar photo-thermal system or directly enters the superheated steam circulation system to absorb heat so as to become heating and water supply, the steam of the superheated steam circulation system enters the multi-heat source heat pump system to do work and exchange heat, and then returns to the superheated steam circulation system; the low-temperature heat source of the multi-heat source heat pump system is one or a combination of a flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, an air cooling unit, geothermal heat and industrial waste heat, and the heat pump system is a compression heat pump system.
2. The heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling solar heating method according to claim 1, wherein in the flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, the temperature of high-temperature flue gas is reduced after treatment and heat release, and latent heat in water vapor is recovered and discharged;
in the superheated steam circulation system, high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam firstly enters a compression heat pump system to do work and then becomes exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas heats heating backwater from a multi-heat source heat pump system or a solar photo-thermal system and then enters a flue gas waste heat deep recovery system to absorb heat and then returns to the hot steam circulation system;
in the multi-heat source heat pump system, after the working medium in a higher temperature state heats and heats backwater, the temperature is reduced, the working medium with the reduced temperature absorbs the heat of a low-temperature heat source, and the working medium enters the circulation work again;
and a heat exchange medium in the solar photo-thermal system absorbs solar heat and then heats heating backwater heated by the multi-heat source heat pump system.
3. The method for cascade utilization of heat energy and coupling of multiple heat sources and heat pumps for solar heating according to claim 1, wherein when the outdoor air temperature is lower than the working medium temperature in the multiple heat sources and heat pumps, the working medium of the multiple heat sources and heat pumps absorbs heat from the flue gas waste heat deep recovery system; when the outdoor temperature is higher than the temperature of the working medium in the heat pump system, the working medium of the multi-heat source heat pump system absorbs heat in the air cooling unit and the flue gas waste heat deep recovery system in sequence;
when the air temperature is lower than the temperature of the refrigerant in the multi-heat-source heat pump system, the working medium of the multi-heat-source heat pump system sequentially absorbs heat in the deep recovery system of industrial waste heat, geothermal heat and smoke waste heat or sequentially absorbs heat from the deep recovery system of multiple strands of industrial waste heat and smoke waste heat.
4. The heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling solar heating method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas at 150 ℃ is reduced to 50-52 ℃ after treatment and heat release, the initial temperature of heating backwater is 45 ℃, the temperature reaches 64-67 ℃ after heat of working media in a heat pump system is absorbed, the heating temperature reaches 74-77 ℃ after entering a solar photo-thermal system, and the exhaust gas is heated to 120 ℃ in a thermal steam circulation system;
in the multi-heat source heat pump system, the low-temperature working medium with the temperature of minus 20 ℃ to 0 ℃ is heated to 16 ℃ to 22 ℃ through industrial waste heat, then the heating temperature is raised to 34 ℃ to 37 ℃ through a geothermal and flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, the industrial waste heat is the heat in high-temperature cooling water, the temperature of the high-temperature cooling water with the temperature of 40+/-2 ℃ is reduced to 18 ℃ to 20 ℃ after the low-temperature working medium exchanges heat, and the low-temperature working medium is further cooled to 8 ℃ to 10 ℃ and then returns to the industrial system.
5. The solar heating system is characterized by comprising a flue gas waste heat deep recovery system, a superheated steam circulation system, a multi-heat-source heat pump system and a solar photo-thermal system, wherein the multi-heat-source heat pump system is sequentially connected with a compressor (8), a condenser (9), a throttle valve (10) and an evaporator (11), and an outlet of the evaporator (11) is connected with an inlet of the compressor (8); the flue gas waste heat deep recovery system is provided with a flue gas deep cooler (2) and a condensing heat exchanger (5) for recovering flue gas waste heat of the coal-fired industrial boiler (1), and in the superheated steam circulation system, the coal-fired industrial boiler (1), the high back pressure steam turbine (7), the condenser (15) and the flue gas deep cooler (2) are sequentially connected, and the flue gas deep cooler (2) is also connected with the coal-fired industrial boiler (1); the heating water return pipeline is sequentially connected with a condenser (9), a solar photo-thermal system and a condenser (15); the low-temperature heat source of the evaporator (11) is one or a combination of low-temperature flue gas, geothermal heat, industrial waste heat and an air cooling system.
6. The heat energy cascade utilization and multiple heat source heat pump coupled solar heating system of claim 5, wherein the multiple heat source heat pump system achieves multiple heat source utilization by:
the evaporator (11) is sequentially connected with the air cooling unit (12) and the condensing heat exchanger (5), and a valve is arranged between the evaporator (11) and the air cooling unit (12);
the evaporator (11) is connected with the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (17), the geothermal well (18) and the condensing heat exchanger (5) in sequence, and a valve is arranged between the evaporator (11) and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (17);
the evaporator (11) is connected with the shell-and-tube heat exchanger group (20) and the condensing heat exchanger (5) in sequence, a valve is arranged between the evaporator (11) and the condensing heat exchanger (5), and a valve is arranged between the evaporator (11) and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger group (20);
the evaporator (11) is sequentially connected with an air cooling unit (12), a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (17), a geothermal well (18) and a condensing heat exchanger (5);
a valve is arranged between the evaporator (11) and the air cooling unit (12), and a valve is arranged between the evaporator (11) and the condensing heat exchanger (5).
7. The solar heating system with the cascade utilization of heat energy and the coupling of multiple heat sources and heat pumps according to claim 5 is characterized in that in a superheated steam circulation system, a coal-fired industrial boiler (1), a high back pressure steam turbine (7), a condenser (15) and a flue gas deep cooler (2) are connected in sequence; the coal-fired industrial boiler (1), the flue gas deep cooler (2), the dust remover (3), the desulfurizing tower (4), the condensing heat exchanger (5) and the chimney (6) are sequentially connected.
8. The heat energy cascade utilization and multi-heat source heat pump coupling solar heating system according to claim 5, wherein in the solar photo-thermal system, a solar heat collection module (13) is connected with a solar heat accumulator (14), a heating return water pipeline is sequentially connected with a condenser (9), the solar heat accumulator (14) and the condenser (15), a valve is arranged between the condenser (9) and the condenser (15), valves are arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the solar heat accumulator (14), heat conduction oil is used as a heat exchange medium of the solar heat collection module (13) and the solar heat accumulator (14), and paraffin is filled in the solar heat accumulator (14).
9. The solar heating system with cascade utilization of heat energy and coupling of heat pumps with multiple heat sources according to claim 8, wherein a combination structure of spiral coils and coiled pipes is adopted in the solar heat accumulator (14), the spiral coils are arranged in parallel and transversely in rows, the coiled pipes are inserted in the spiral coils, heat conduction oil flows in the spiral coils, heating backwater flows in the coiled pipes from bottom to top, and paraffin is filled between the spiral coils and the coiled pipes.
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