CN117327057A - 一类作为甲状腺激素受体激动剂的三嗪二酮类化合物及其合成、用途 - Google Patents
一类作为甲状腺激素受体激动剂的三嗪二酮类化合物及其合成、用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117327057A CN117327057A CN202311104296.7A CN202311104296A CN117327057A CN 117327057 A CN117327057 A CN 117327057A CN 202311104296 A CN202311104296 A CN 202311104296A CN 117327057 A CN117327057 A CN 117327057A
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- substituted
- compound
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- unsubstituted
- salt
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Abstract
本发明公开了一类作为甲状腺激素受体激动剂的三嗪二酮类化合物及其合成、用途,属于医药领域。本发明提供一类如式(I)所示结构的三嗪二酮类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、前药、水合物或溶剂化合物、晶型、立体异构体或同位素变体。本发明化合物为THR‑β激动剂,可以用于治疗和/或预防由甲状腺激素类似物调节的疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,涉及一类作为甲状腺激素受体激动剂的三嗪二酮类化合物及其合成、用途。
背景技术
甲状腺激素(Thyroid hormone,TH)由甲状腺产生并且以下面的两种不同形式分泌到循环系统(下丘脑/垂体/甲状腺系统)中:3,5,3’,5’-四碘-L-甲状腺原氨酸(T4)和3,5,3’-三碘-L-甲状腺原氨酸(T3)。尽管T4是由甲状腺分泌的主要形式,但是T3是生理上更活跃的形式。T4通过组织特异性脱碘酶被转化成T3,组织特异性脱碘酶存在于所有组织中,但是主要在肝和肾中。
甲状腺激素的生物活性由甲状腺激素受体(TRs)介导。TRs分别由位于人类染色体17和3上的不同基因表达α和β编码而来,通过对初级转录物进行选择性剪切后产生不同的蛋白亚型,每个基因产生二个亚型,即TRα1,TRα2,TRβ1,TRβ2。TRβ1和TRβ2由启动子差异表达得到,这两个亚型仅在氨基末端存在差异。TRα1和TRα2由前体mRNA的差异剪接而来,主要在羧基末端存在差异。其中,TRα1、TRβ1和TRβ2可结合甲状腺激素。已经显示,甲状腺激素受体亚型在特殊生理响应的贡献方面可以不同。TRβ1在肝中在调节促甲状腺激素和调节甲状腺激素的作用中起重要作用。TRβ2在调节甲状腺刺激激素方面起主要作用。
甲状腺激素具有降低血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的作用。甲状腺机能亢进与低的总血清胆固醇有关,这归因于甲状腺激素增加肝LDL受体表达并且刺激胆固醇向胆汁酸的代谢。甲状腺功能减退与高胆固醇血症有关,并且已知甲状腺激素替代疗法降低了总胆固醇。甲状腺激素还可以降低动脉粥样硬化和其它心血管疾病的危险。动脉粥样硬化血管病的发病率与LDL胆固醇水平直接相关。甲状腺激素通过增加代谢率、氧消耗和放热,从而降低体重,改善与肥胖有关的共发病而对肥胖患者具有有益效果,并且还可以对于患有2型糖尿病的肥胖患者的血糖控制具有有益效果。
甲状腺激素对于正常生长和发育以及维持代谢稳态至关重要。甲状腺激素的循环水平通过下丘脑/垂体/甲状腺(HPT)轴中的反馈机制来严格调节。导致甲状腺功能减退或甲状腺功能亢进的甲状腺功能异常清楚地证明,甲状腺激素对心脏功能、体重、代谢、代谢速率、体温、胆固醇、骨、肌肉和行为产生深远影响。
人工合成的甲状腺激素β受体激动剂可以选择性的作用于甲状腺激素β受体。在临床前动物实验中发现,它们可以起到显著的减重、调脂及胰岛素增敏作用,同时相对于天然甲状腺激素具有较少的致心动过速及骨骼肌减少等副作用,因此有望成为新一代的治疗炎症和代谢性疾病(如非酒精性脂肪肝炎、非酒精性脂肪肝病、肝纤维化及肝硬化等)的药物。
目前Madrigal和Viking等公司正在开发针对甲状腺激素β受体的特异性激动剂,如MGL-3196(Martha J.Kelly,Sherrie Pietranico-Cole,J.Douglas Larigan等,J.Med.Chem.2014,57:3912-3923)处于早期临床阶段,MGL-3196的结构式如下所示:
已知较差的吸收、分布、代谢和/或排泄(ADME)性质是导致许多候选药物临床试验失败的主要原因。当前上市的许多药物也由于较差的ADME性质限制了它们的应用范围。药物的快速代谢会导致许多本来可以高效治疗疾病的药物由于过快的从体内代谢清除掉而难以成药。频繁或高剂量服药虽然有可能解决药物快速清除的问题,但该方法会带来诸如病人依从性差、高剂量服药引起的副作用及治疗成本上升等问题。另外,快速代谢的药物也可能会使患者暴露于不良的毒性或反应性代谢物中。
虽然MGL-3196作为THR-β激动剂能有效治疗多种疾病,但是发现具有甲状腺激素的有益效果同时又避免不良效果的且具有很好的口服生物利用度且有成药性的新型化合物还是具有挑战性的工作。因此,本领域仍需继续发现和开发具有更好的特异性/药效/药代动力学特性的THR-β性激动剂,用于治疗与甲状腺激素受体相关的疾病。
发明内容
针对以上技术问题,本发明公开了一种新型三嗪二酮类化合物及其组合物和
用途,其具有更低的副作用、更好地药效学/药代动力学性能,可用于作为THR-β激动剂并治疗和/或预防由甲状腺激素类似物调节的相关疾病。
如本文所用,术语“本发明化合物”指式(I)所示的化合物。该术语还包括及式(I)化合物的药学上可接受的盐、前药、水合物或溶剂化合物、晶型、立体异构体或同位素变体。
对此,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明的第一方面,提供了式(I)化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、对映异构体、非对映异构体、共振体、其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、晶型:
其中:
R1和R2独立选自氢、卤素原子、取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、1-3个氘原子取代的甲基、取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基、取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基;所述取代的取代基选自卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基和C1-6环氧基;
环A选自:
其中:
R3,R3’、R4、R4’和R5各自独立选自氢、取代或未取代的C1-10烷基、取代或未取代的C3-10环烷基、取代或未取代的3 -10元杂环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-10芳基和取代或未取代的5-10元杂芳基;所述取代的取代基选自卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基、C3-10环烷基、C6-10芳基、卤代C6-10芳基、C1-10烷基取代的C6-10芳基、C1-10烷氧基取代的C6-10芳基、5-10元杂芳基、C1-10烷基取代的5-10元杂芳基、卤代5-10元杂芳基、3-10元杂环烷基;
R6,R7各自独立选自氢、取代或未取代的C1-10烷基;所述取代的取代基选自卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基和C1-6环氧基;
X选自N、CH;Y选自NH、CH2、O或S。
在一优选例中,所述的化合物为式(1a)化合物:
其中,R1和R2同时为甲基,R1和R2同时为氯,R3为异丙基。
在另一优选例中,所述的化合物为式(1b)化合物:
其中,R1和R2同时为氯,R3为异丙基;
X选自CH,Y选自N;或者,X选自CH,Y选自O;或者,X选自CH,Y选自S;或者,X选自N,Y选自NH;或者,X选自N,Y选自O;或者,X选自N,Y选自S。
在另一优选例中,所述的化合物为式(1c)化合物:
其中,R1和R2同时为甲基或氯,R4为H或甲基,R5为2-羟基异丙基。
本发明中,进一步的具体优选的通式(I)化合物具体选自:
本发明通式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述的药学上可接受的盐为无机盐或有机盐,无机盐包括盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、酸式磷酸盐;所述有机盐选自乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丙酮酸盐、羟乙酸盐、乙二酸盐、丙二酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、以磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、水杨酸盐。
本发明第二方面,提供一种药物组合物和施用方法
本发明提供的药物组合物,包含上述本发明通式(I)化合物或立体异构体、互变异构体、对映异构体、非对映异构体、共振体、其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、或晶型、以及药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以配制为用于口服给药的固体制剂,包括,但不限于胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂等。在这些固体剂型中,本发明通式(I)化合物作为活性成分与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合,例如与柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙。或与下属成分混合:(1)填料或增溶剂,例如,淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸等;(2)粘合剂,例如,羟甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖、阿拉伯胶等;(3)保湿剂,例如,甘油等;(4)崩解剂、例如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些符合硅酸盐和碳酸钠等;(5)缓溶剂,例如石蜡等;(6)吸收加速剂,例如季铵化合物等;(7)润湿剂,例如鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯等;(8)吸附剂,例如,高岭土等;(9)润滑剂,例如,滑石、硬脂酸钙、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠等,或其混合物。胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂中也可包含缓冲剂。
所述固体剂型例如片剂、糖丸、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂可采用包衣和壳材料如肠溶衣和其他本领域公知的材料晶型包衣或微囊化。他们可包含不透明剂,并且,这种组合物中活性成分的释放可以延迟的方式在消化道的某一部分中释放。可采用的包埋组分的实例是聚合物质和蜡类物质。必要时,活性成分也可与上述赋形剂中的一种或者多种形成微胶囊形式。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以配制为用于口服给药的液体剂型,包括,但不限于药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆、酊剂等。除了作为活性成分的通式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐外,液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂,例如水和其他溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂、例如,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油类,特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、芝麻油等或这些物质的混合物等。除了这些惰性稀释剂外,本发明液体剂型也可包括常规助剂,如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料等。
所述悬浮剂包括,例如,乙氧基化十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇、和脱水山梨醇、微晶纤维素、琼脂等或这些物质的混合物。
本发明化合物和其药学上可接受的盐可以配置为用于胃肠外注射的剂型,包括,但不限于生理上可接受的无菌含水或无水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液,以及用于重新溶解成无菌的可注射溶液和分散液的无菌粉末。适宜的载体、稀释剂、溶剂、赋形剂包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其适宜的混合物。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以配置为用于局部给药的剂型,包括如软膏剂、散剂、栓剂、滴剂、喷射剂和吸入剂等。作为活性成分的本发明通式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在无菌条件下和生理上可接受的载体及任选的防腐剂、缓冲剂,和必要时可能需要的推进剂一起混合。
本发明的药物组合物包括通式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分,以及药学上可接受载体、赋形剂、稀释剂。在制备药物组合物时,通常是将本发明通式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与药学上可接受载体、赋形剂或稀释剂混合。其中通式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的含量可以为0.01-1000mg,例如0.05-800mg、0.1-500mg、0.01-300mg、0.01-200mg、0.05-150mg、0.05-50mg等。
本发明另一目的,提供一种上述化合物在用于治疗适应症的药物的制备用途:
本发明的新型化合物是甲状腺激素类似物。因此,本发明的化合物可用于治疗和/或预防由甲状腺激素类似物调节的疾病,特别是代谢疾病,如肥胖、高脂血症、高胆固醇血症和糖尿病,并且可用于其它疾病如NASH(非酒精性的脂肪肝)、动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病、甲状腺功能减退、甲状腺癌和相关病症和疾病。肥胖患者是体重指数为25以上的人。
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及一种治疗和/或预防性治疗由甲状腺激素类似物调节的疾病的方法,特别是代谢疾病,如肥胖、高脂血症、高胆固醇血症和糖尿病,以及NASH(非酒精性的脂肪肝)、动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病、甲状腺功能减退、甲状腺癌和相关病症和疾病,该方法包括将如上定义的化合物向人或动物给药。优选给药的化合物的量为约0.01mg/kg至约50mg/kg每天,更优选约0.3mg/kg至约10mg/kg每天,还更优选约0.70mg/kg至约3.5mg/kg每天。
本发明还包括如上定义的化合物的应用,其用于治疗和/或预防性治疗由甲状腺激素类似物调节的疾病,特别是代谢疾病,如肥胖、高脂血症、高胆固醇血症和糖尿病,以及NASH(非酒精性的脂肪肝)、动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病、甲状腺功能减退、甲状腺癌和相关病症和疾病。
本发明还涉及如上所述的化合物的应用,其用于制备药物,所述药物用于治疗和/或预防性治疗由甲状腺激素类似物调节的疾病,特别是代谢疾病,如肥胖、高脂血症、高胆固醇血症和糖尿病,以及NASH(非酒精性的脂肪肝)、动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病、甲状腺功能减退、甲状腺癌和相关病症和疾病。
有益效果:
本发明化合物可作为甲状腺激素受体β亚型激动剂,相较阳性对照物(MGL-3196)的活性或选择性显著提高,且可用于治疗和/或预防甲状腺激素类似物调节的疾病用途。此外,本发明化合物相较MGL-3196具有更优异药代动力学特性,预期此类抑制剂将会有好的疗效,具有良好的开发前景。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。
在本发明中“C1-C6烷基”是指分别为1至6个碳原子的饱和的直链或支链的单价烃基。实例包括,但不限于甲基、乙基、1-丙基、2-丙基、1-丁基、2-甲基-1-丙基、2-丁基和2-甲基-2-丙基。
在本发明中“C3-C6环烷基”是指分别为3至6个碳原子的环烷基。
在本发明中“杂芳基”,在本发明中,除非另有说明,是指未取代或取代的稳定的5元或6元单环芳族环系统或未取代或取代的9元或10元苯并稠合杂芳族环系统或双环杂芳族环系统,其由碳原子和1-4个选自N、O或S的杂原子组成,并且其中所述氮或硫杂原子可以选择性地被氧化,所述氮杂原子可以选择性地被季铵化。
在本发明中“取代的”是指基团中的一个或多个氢原子分别被相同的或者不同的取代基所取代。
在本发明中“给药”或“给予”个体化合物是指向需要治疗的个体提供本发明的化合物。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指在合理的医学判断范围内,适合与人和低等动物的组织接触而没有过度的毒性,刺激性,过敏反应等的盐,并具有合理的收益/风险比。药学上可接受的盐是本领域众所周知的。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解为这些实施例仅用于举例说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件。
实施例1:2-(4-(4-(2-羟丙基-2-基)-1H-吲哚-1-基)-3,5-二甲基苯基)-3,5-二氧-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物1)
第一步:中间体3a的制备
将2-(1H-吲哚-4-基)丙-2-醇(1a,5g,26.0mmol)和2-氟-1,3-二甲基-5-硝基苯2a(4.47g,26.4mmol)溶于DMF(100mL)中,加入碳酸钾(7.28g,52.8mmol)。加热至80℃反应过夜,反应结束后,冷却至室温,倒至水(200mL)中,乙酸乙酯(100mL*3)萃取,合并有机相,经水洗,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到中间体3a(8g,98%),棕色固体。不经纯化,直接用于下一步。
ESI-MS m/z:325.1[M+H]+
第二步:中间体4a的制备
将中间体3a(8g,23.0mmol)溶于乙醇(150mL)中,依次加入氯化铵(6.3g,118mmol),铁粉(6.6g,118mmol)和水(50mL),然后反应液回流3小时,反应结束后,热过滤,固体乙醇洗涤。滤液减压浓缩,残留物用乙酸乙酯(200mL)和水(200mL)溶解。有机相经饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品,经柱纯化得到中间体4a(5.5g,75%),棕色固体。ESI-MS m/z:294.1[M+H]+
第三步:2-(4-(4-(2-羟丙基-2-基)-1H-吲哚-1-基)-3,5-二甲基苯基)-3,5-二氧-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物1)的制备
将亚硝酸叔丁酯(200mg,1.94mmol)溶于乙酸(2mL)中,降温至0℃,将此溶液缓慢加入中间体4a(500mg,1.62mmol)的乙酸(20mL)和乙腈(10mL)的溶液中,0℃反应30分钟,再慢慢滴加N-氰基乙酰尿烷(379mg,2.43mmol)的乙腈(5mL)溶液,滴加完后反应3小时。反应结束后,将反应液倒至饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(200mL)中,固体析出,用水和石油醚洗涤,干燥。向得到的固体中加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(5mL)和乙酸钾(190mg,1.94mmol),加热至120℃反应6小时,反应结束后,冷却至室温,加入100mL水,乙酸乙酯(50mL*3)萃取,合并有机相,经水洗,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品,经反相制备纯化(ACN/H2O(0.1%TFA)),得到2-(4-(4-异丙基-5-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-1-基)-3,5-二甲基苯基)-3,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物1)(120mg,17.2%),白色固体。ESI-MS m/z:416.2[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.62(dd,J=6.0,1.4Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),7.41(s,2H),7.26(dd,J=7.5,1.4Hz,1H),7.17(dd,J=7.5,6.1Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),2.18(s,6H),1.26(s,6H).
实施例2:2-(3,5-二氯-4-(4-(2-羟基丙烷-2-基)-1H-吲哚-1-基)苯基)-3,5-二氧-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物2)
中间体5b的合成参考化合物1的制备,其中1b代替1a,2b代替2a,白色固体。ESI-MSm/z:456.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.82(s,1H),7.78(s,2H),7.70(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),7.45(s,1H),7.11(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.80(dd,J=4.9,2.2Hz,1H),1.21(d,J=6.9Hz,6H).
利用相应的中间体代替实施例1或2中的中间体,按照与实施例2相似的操作合成实施例3-5(参见表1),从而得到期望的产物
表1
实施例6:2-(3,5-二氯-4-(7-异丙基-6-氧代-6,7-二氢噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)苯基)-3,5-二氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物6)
第一步:3-溴噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶7-氧化物(中间体2c)的制备
将3-溴噻吩[2,3-b]吡啶1c(3g,14.0mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中,加入70%m-CPBA(4.14g,16.8mmol),然后室温搅拌过夜,反应结束后,加水(50mL),用饱和碳酸钠水溶液调pH=8.5,有机相经水洗,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品,经甲基叔丁基醚打浆得到中间体2c(1.53g,74.5%),淡黄色固体
第二步:3-溴噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-6(7H)-酮(中间体3c)的制备
将中间体2c(1.5g,6.52mmol)溶于DMF(30mL)中,冰浴下,慢慢加入三氟乙酸酐(2.7mL,19.56mmol),加完后,室温搅拌3小时,反应结束后,加入80mL水淬灭,乙酸乙酯(50mL*3)萃取,合并有机相,经水洗,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品,经柱纯化得到3-溴噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-6(7H)-酮(中间体3c)(810mg,54.0%),淡黄色固体
第三步:3-溴-7-异丙基噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-6(7H)-酮(中间体4c)的制备
将中间体3c(800mg,3.48mmol)溶于DMF(20mL)中,冰浴下,分批加入60%钠氢(167mg,4.17mmol),室温搅拌半小时,然后冰浴下慢慢加入2-碘代丙烷(709mg,4.17mmol),室温搅拌过夜,反应结束后,加入50mL水淬灭,乙酸乙酯(50mL*3)萃取,合并有机相,经水洗,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品,经柱纯化得到3-溴-7-异丙基噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-6(7H)-酮(中间体4c)(520mg,55.0%),淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z:272.10[M+H]+
第四步:3-(4-氨基-2,6-二氯苯基)-7-异丙基噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-6(7H)-酮(中间体6c)的制备
将中间体4c(500mg,1.84mmol)和3,5-二氯-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼烷-2-基)苯胺5c(636mg,2.21mmol)溶于二氧六环(15mL)和水(3mL)中,加入碳酸钠(390mg,3.68mmol)和Pd(dppf)Cl2(73mg,0.1mmol),氮气保护下,将反应液加热至80℃反应5小时,反应结束后,冷却至室温,加入20mL水,乙酸乙酯(50mL*3)萃取,合并有机相,经水洗,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品,经柱纯化得到3-(4-氨基-2,6-二氯苯基)-7-异丙基噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-6(7H)-酮(中间体6c)(300mg,46.2%),淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z:353.10[M+H]+
第五步:2-(3,5-二氯-4-(7-异丙基-6-氧代-6,7-二氢噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)苯基)-3,5-二氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物6)的制备
将亚硝酸叔丁酯(69mg,0.67mmol)溶于乙酸(1mL)中,降温至0℃,将此溶液缓慢加入中间体6c(200mg,0.56mmol)的乙酸(10mL)和乙腈(5mL)的溶液中,0℃反应30分钟,再慢慢滴加N-氰基乙酰尿烷(131mg,0.84mmol)的乙腈(1mL)溶液,滴加完后反应3小时。反应结束后,将反应液倒至饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL)中,固体析出,用水和石油醚洗绦,干燥。向得到的固体中加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(5mL)和乙酸钾(66mg,0.67mmol),加热至120℃反应6小时,反应结束后,冷却至室温,加入50mL水,乙酸乙酯(50mL*3)萃取,合并有机相,经水洗,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品,经反相制备纯化(ACN/H2O(0.1%TFA)),得到2-(3,5-二氯-4-(7-异丙基-6-氧代-6,7-二氢噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)苯基)-3,5-二氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物6)(40mg,15%),白色固体。
ESI-MS m/z:474.00[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.91(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.70(s,2H),7.27(s,1H),6.52(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.92(p,J=6.1Hz,1H),1.43(d,J=6.0Hz,6H).
利用相应的中间体代替实施例6中的中间体,按照与实施例6相似的操作合成实施例7-9(参见表2),从而得到期望的产物。
表2
实施例10:2-(3,5-二氯-4-(7-异丙基-6-氧代-6,7-二氢-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-基)苯基)-3,5-二氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物10)
第一步:3-溴-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶(中间体2d)的制备
将3-溴-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶1d(5g,25.2mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(50mL)中,加入三乙胺(3.5mL,25.2mmol)和DMAP(307mg,2.52mmol),将反应液室温搅拌过夜,反应结束后,加入100mL水,乙酸乙酯(50mL*3)萃取,合并有机相,经水洗,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品,经柱纯化得到3-溴-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶(中间体2d)(6.5g,73%),白色固体。ESI-MS m/z:352.10[M+H]+
第二步至第六步均可参照化合物6的合成。得到2-(3,5-二氯-4-(7-异丙基-6-氧代-1-甲苯磺酰基-6,7-二氢-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-基)苯基)-3,5-二氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(中间体7d)(500mg,灰色固体),ESI-MS m/z:612.10[M+H]+
第七步:2-(3,5-二氯-4-(7-异丙基-6-氧代-6,7-二氢-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-基)苯基)-3,5-二氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物10)的制备
将中间体7d(200mg,0.33mmol)溶于甲醇(5mL)中,加入碳酸钾(91mg,0.66mmol),加热至50℃反应过夜,反应结束后,减压浓缩,加入20mL水,乙酸乙酯(20mL*3)萃取,合并有机相,经水洗,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品,经反相制备纯化(ACN/H2O(0.1%FA))得到2-(3,5-二氯-4-(7-异丙基-6-氧代-6,7-二氢-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-基)苯基)-3,5-二氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物10)(57mg,38%),白色固体。
ESI-MS m/z:458.10[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.85(s,2H),7.59(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),6.50(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.94(p,J=6.6Hz,1H),1.43(d,J=6.6Hz,6H).
实施例11:1-(3,5-二氯-4-(7-异丙基-6-氧代-6,7-二氢-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)苯基)-2,4-二氧代-1,2,3,4-四氢嘧啶-5-腈(化合物11)
合成方法参考化合物10的制备,其中3-溴-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶1d代替为3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶1e。(27mg,32%),白色固体。
ESI-MS m/z:456.10[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.70(s,1H),7.84(s,2H),7.69(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=9.7Hz,1H),6.53(d,J=9.7Hz,1H),4.87(p,J=6.6Hz,1H),1.43(d,J=6.6Hz,6H).
实施例12:2-(3,5-二氯-4-(4-异丙基-5-氧代-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-吡咯[3,2-b]吡啶-1-基)苯基)-3,5-二氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物12)
第一步:2-甲酰基-3-硝基-1H-吡咯-1-羧酸叔丁酯(中间体2f)的制备
将3-硝基-1H-吡咯-2-甲醛1f(10g,71.4mmol)溶于甲醇(100mL)中,加入DMAP(8.71g,71.4mmol),室温反应过夜,反应结束后,减压浓缩,加入50mL水,乙酸乙酯(50mL*3)萃取,合并有机相,经水洗,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品,经柱纯化得到2-甲酰基-3-硝基-1H-吡咯-1-羧酸叔丁酯(中间体2f)(15g,88%),白色固体。ESI-MS m/z:241.10[M+H]+
第二步:(E)-2-(3-甲氧基-3-氧代丙-1-烯-1-基)-3-硝基-1H-吡咯-1-羧酸叔丁酯(中间体3f)的制备
将中间体2f(12g,50mmol)和丙二酸单甲酯(5.9g,50mmol)溶于吡啶(100mL)中,加入哌啶(10mL),将反应液加热至100℃搅拌2小时,反应结束后,降至室温,用稀盐酸调pH=3-4,固体析出,过滤,固体水洗,经干燥得到(E)-2-(3-甲氧基-3-氧代丙-1-烯-1-基)-3-硝基-1H-吡咯-1-羧酸叔丁酯(中间体3f)(11.5g,77%),白色固体。ESI-MS m/z:297.10[M+H]+
第三步:5-氧代-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(中间体4f)的制备
将中间体3f(10g,33.8mmol)溶于甲醇(100mL)中,加入10%钯碳(1g),室温搅拌过夜,然后50℃搅拌4小时,反应结束后,硅藻土过滤,滤液减压浓缩,经柱纯化得到5-氧代-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(中间体4f)(5.3g,66%),白色固体。ESI-MS m/z:237.10[M+H]+
第四步:4-异丙基-5-氧代-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(中间体5f)的制备
将中间体4f(5g,21.2mmol)溶于DMF(50mL)中,冰浴下,分批加入60%钠氢(1.27g,31.8mmol),室温搅拌半小时,然后冰浴下慢慢加入2-碘代丙烷(5.4g,31.8mmol),室温搅拌过夜,反应结束后,加入200mL水淬灭,乙酸乙酯(100mL*3)萃取,合并有机相,经水洗,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品,经柱纯化得到4-异丙基-5-氧代-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(中间体5f)(3.2g,54.4%),淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z:279.10[M+H]+
第五步:4-异丙基-1,4,6,7-四氢-5H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-5-酮(中间体6f)的制备
将中间体5f(3g,10.8mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中,加入三氟乙酸(10mL),室温搅拌3小时,反应结束后,用碳酸氢钠调pH=7-8,乙酸乙酯(100mL*3)萃取,合并有机相,经水洗,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品,经柱纯化得到4-异丙基-1,4,6,7-四氢-5H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-5-酮(中间体6f)(1.2g,62.5%),淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z:179.10[M+H]+
第六步至第七步操作步骤参考化合物1的合成。
终产物经反相制备分离,得到2-(3,5-二氯-4-(4-异丙基-5-氧代-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-吡咯[3,2-b]吡啶-1-基)苯基)-3,5-二氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物12)(31mg,22%),白色固体。
ESI-MS m/z:459.10[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.76(s,2H),7.63(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),5.94(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.69(p,J=7.1Hz,1H),3.13(dd,J=8.1,5.3Hz,1H),3.05(dd,J=8.2,5.3Hz,1H),2.68(dd,J=8.2,5.3Hz,1H),2.64(dd,J=8.1,5.3Hz,1H),1.37(d,J=7.1Hz,6H).
实施例13:2-(4-(4-异丙基-5-氧代-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-1-基)-3,5-二甲基苯基)-3,5-2氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-6-腈(化合物13)
化合物13的合成步骤参考化合物12的合成。其中3,5-二氯-4-氟硝基苯2b代替为2-氟-1,3-二甲基-5-硝基苯2a。白色固体,ESI-MS m/z:419.20[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.70(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),7.38(s,2H),5.89(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),4.69(hept,J=7.1Hz,1H),3.14(dd,J=8.1,5.3Hz,1H),3.05(dd,J=8.1,5.3Hz,1H),2.68(dd,J=8.2,5.3Hz,1H),2.64(dd,J=8.1,5.3Hz,1H),2.18(s,6H),1.37(s,3H),1.36(s,3H).
实施例14生物活性测定分析
THR报告基因法检测化合物对THRα、THRβ的激动活性
Huh7细胞培养于含10% FBS的DMEM培养液。细胞接种至10cm细胞培养皿,待增殖至约90%,以脂质体Lipofectamine 2000共转染人THRα真核表达质粒或人真核表达质粒以及含THR应答序列驱动的报告基因质粒PGL 4.26-DR4-Luc。操作步骤参照Lipofectamine2000说明书进行。转染次日,以无酚红DMEM培养液(含5%活性炭处理的FBS)接种至96孔细胞培养板,接种密度为每孔20000细胞,体积为每孔135μL。接种6小时后细胞贴壁。溶解于DMSO中的化合物以无酚红DMEM培养液(含5%活性炭处理的FBS)稀释20倍至10倍终浓度后加入细胞孔,每孔15μL,即化合物再次被稀释10倍达到终浓度。设置阳性对照为三碘甲状腺原氨酸T3(100nM),空白对照为0.5% DMSO。完成加药后,细胞在37℃,5% CO2培养箱中过夜培养(16小时)。孵育完成后,弃培养液,每孔加入无血清无酚红DMEM培养液35μL,每孔加入Steady-Glo 35μL,室温避光震荡10分钟后,检测样品化学发光值。
化合物的激动活性计算方法如下:效果%=(化合物-空白对照)/(阳性对照-空白对照)*100%。化合物的EC50以GraphPad Prism拟合化合物的激动活性和化合物浓度的对数值获得,EC50值越低,说明活性越好。
化合物对THRα和THRβ激动活性的EC50值首先分别以同次实验中T3对THRα和THRβ激动活性的EC50值校正,再以得出的数值计算倍数即受体选择性。具体计算方法如下:选择性(Selectivity)=(化合物THRαEC50/T3 THRαEC50)/(化合物THRβEC50/T3 THRβEC50)。该值越高,说明化合物对THRβ受体的选择性越高。
结果如表3所示。
表3化合物对THRα、THRβ的激动活性及选择性
结果显示,本发明化合物相较阳性对照物(MGL-3196)的活性或选择性显著提高。
对于通式(I)类的化合物而言,连接基团和取代基团对于化合物的药效学性能有着重要的影响。尽管本发明通过之前的特定实施例说明,但不应将其解释为受此限制;而是本发明涵盖之前公开的一般方面。可在不背离本发明的精神和范围下进行多种修饰并具有多种实施方案。
以上所提供的实施例并非用以限制本发明所涵盖的范围,所描述的步骤也不是用以限制其执行顺序。本领域技术人员结合现有公知常识对本发明做显而易见的改进,亦落入本发明权力要求书所界定的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.如通式(I)所示的三嗪二酮类化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、对映异构体、非对映异构体、共振体、其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、或晶型:
式中:
R1和R2独立选自氢、卤素原子、取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、1-3个氘原子取代的甲基、取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基、取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基;所述取代的取代基选自卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷基和C1-6环氧基;
环A选自:
其中,R3,R3’、R4、R4’和R5各自独立选自氢、取代或未取代的C1-10烷基、取代或未取代的C3-10环烷基、取代或未取代的3-10元杂环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-10芳基和取代或未取代的5-10元杂芳基;所述取代的取代基选自卤素原子、羟基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基、C3-10环烷基、C6-10芳基、卤代C6-10芳基、C1-10烷基取代的C6-10芳基、C1-10烷氧基取代的C6-10芳基、5-10元杂芳基、C1-10烷基取代的5-10元杂芳基、卤代5-10元杂芳基、3-10元杂环烷基;
R6,R7各自独立选自氢、取代或未取代的C1-10烷基;
X选自N、CH;Y选自NH、CH2、O或S。
2.如权利要求1所述的三嗪二酮类化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、对映异构体、非对映异构体、共振体、其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、或晶型,其所述化合物选自:
3.如权利要求1所述的三嗪二酮类化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、对映异构体、非对映异构体、共振体、其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、或晶型,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的盐为无机盐或有机盐;其中,无机盐包括钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐、铁盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、酸式磷酸盐;有机盐选自乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丙酮酸盐、羟乙酸盐、乙二酸盐、丙二酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、以磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、水杨酸盐。
4.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-3任一项所述的三嗪二酮类化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、对映异构体、非对映异构体、共振体、其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、或晶型,以及药物可接受载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。
5.一种用于治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的药物,其特征在于,含有权利要求1-3任一项所述的三嗪二酮类化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、对映异构体、非对映异构体、共振体、其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、或晶型。
6.权利要求1-3任一项所述的三嗪二酮类化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、对映异构体、非对映异构体、共振体、其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、或晶型在制备治疗和/或预防由甲状腺激素类似物调节的疾病的药物中的用途。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述疾病选自肥胖、高血脂症、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病、甲状腺功能减退、甲状腺癌。
8.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述疾病选自高胆固醇血症和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎。
9.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型选自口服给药的固体剂型、口服给药的液体剂型、胃肠外注射的剂型。
10.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型为局部给药的剂型,包括软膏剂、散剂、栓剂、滴剂、喷射剂或者吸入剂。
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