CN117321476A

CN117321476A - Projection assembly comprising a composite glass sheet

Info

Publication number: CN117321476A
Application number: CN202380010308.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: J·哈亨; A·戈迈尔
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority date: 2022-04-28
Filing date: 2023-04-21
Publication date: 2023-12-29
Also published as: WO2023208756A1

Abstract

The projection assembly (100) comprises at least a composite glass plate (10) and a light source (8) of p-polarized light (7), the composite glass plate comprising an outer glass plate (1) having an outer side surface (I) and an inner side surface (II), an inner glass plate (2) having an outer side surface (III) and an inner side surface (IV), and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), wherein-in at least one first sub-region (D) of the composite glass plate (10) a reflective layer (9) is arranged on the inner side surface (IV) of the inner glass plate (2), the reflective layer being adapted to reflect p-polarized light (7) of the light source (8), the reflective layer being directly adjacent to the environment, -the inner side surface (IV) of the inner glass plate (2) being the surface of the composite glass plate (10) closest to the light source (8) of p-polarized light (7), -at least one opaque cover layer (5) is arranged in at least a second sub-region (B) of the composite glass plate (10), and the projection of the first sub-region (D) in the plane of the second sub-region (B) is in conformity with at least a part of the second sub-region (B), and wherein the reflective layer (9) comprises at least one silicon-based layer (1.9).

Description

Projection assembly comprising a composite glass sheet

Technical Field

The invention relates to a projection assembly, a manufacturing method of the projection assembly and application thereof.

Background

Windshields with functional elements are increasingly used in the automotive field. These functional elements include, for example, display elements that can use the glass article as a display while maintaining the transparency of the glass article. Such a display enables the driver of the motor vehicle to receive the relevant data displayed directly on the windscreen of the motor vehicle without his eyes having to leave the road. Applications in buses, trains or other public transportation are known, wherein current trip information or advertisements are projected onto glass articles.

Frequently used for displaying navigation data in windshields are projection assemblies known under the term "head-up display (HUD)", which projection assemblies comprise a projector and a windshield with a wedge-shaped thermoplastic interlayer and/or a wedge-shaped glass plate. Here a wedge angle is required to avoid ghosting. The projected image is presented in the form of a virtual image at a distance from the windscreen, so that the driver of the motor vehicle perceives, for example, the projected navigation data on the road in front of him. The radiation from the HUD projector is typically substantially s-polarized, since windshields have better reflection characteristics than p-polarized. However, if the viewer wears polarization-selective sunglasses that transmit only p-polarized light, the HUD image is perceived as diminished. One solution to this problem is to use a projection assembly that uses p-polarized light. DE102014220189A1 discloses a head-up display projection assembly operating with p-polarized radiation, wherein the windscreen has a reflective structure reflecting the p-polarized radiation towards the viewer. US20040135742A1 also discloses a head-up display projection assembly using p-polarized radiation, which has a reflective structure. In WO 96/19347A3, a plurality of polymer layers is proposed as reflective structures.

Another known concept for displaying data on a glass plate is the integration of display films based on diffuse reflection. They generate a realistic image that is presented to the viewer in the plane of the glass article. Glass articles with transparent display films are known, for example, from EP 2 670,594 A1 and EP 2 856,256 A1. The diffuse reflection of the display element is produced by means of a roughened inner surface and a coating on the inner surface. EP 3 151062A1 describes a projection assembly for integration in a motor vehicle glazing.

Thus, the windshield of the motor vehicle can serve as a projection surface for both the virtual HUD image and the real image based on diffuse reflection. These different projection techniques are also used to reposition displays such as speedometers, warnings or vehicle data, which are typically integrated into the dashboard of the vehicle, to the windshield. However, a large number of large area projections on the windshield can be cumbersome for the driver. Moreover, projectors for heads-up displays must have a suitably powerful power to ensure that the projected image has sufficient brightness even in the case of backlighting and that the projected image can be easily recognized by a viewer. Such projectors have a relatively high energy consumption.

WO 2022/073894 A1 discloses a vehicle glazing for a head-up display, comprising a masking strip in the region of an edge of the glazing and a reflective layer arranged in the region of the masking strip facing the vehicle interior relative to the masking strip, wherein the reflective layer preferably comprises at least one elemental metal and/or metal oxide.

US 5745291 A1 describes a glass substrate with a mirror coating comprising pyrogenically deposited silicon.

Disclosure of Invention

Accordingly, there is a need for a projection assembly that: the image generated by the projection assembly has good contrast even in the case of backlighting and the projection assembly has low energy consumption, can be operated with p-polarized light, and has high reflectivity for p-polarized light. It is an object of the present invention to provide such an improved projection assembly and method of producing the same.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a projection assembly according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments are evident from the dependent claims.

The projection assembly according to the invention comprises a composite glass plate and a source of p-polarized light. The composite glass sheet includes an outer glass sheet having an outer side surface (I-side) and an inner side surface (II-side), an inner glass sheet having an outer side surface (III-side) and an inner side surface (IV-side), and a thermoplastic interlayer joining the inner side surface of the outer glass sheet to the outer side surface of the inner glass sheet. The composite glass sheet has at least one first subregion in which a reflective layer is arranged on the inner side surface of the inner glass sheet. The reflective layer is disposed on the inside surface of the inner glass sheet such that the reflective layer forms the exposed surface of the composite glass sheet, i.e., the surface of the composite glass sheet immediately adjacent to the environment. In other words, the reflective layer forms the layer furthest from the thermoplastic interlayer in the direction of the inner glass sheet. The reflective layer is adapted to reflect p-polarized light and comprises at least one silicon-based semiconductor layer arranged on an inner side surface of the inner glass plate. The composite glass sheet also has at least one opaque coating in at least a second sub-region of the composite glass sheet, the opaque coating being disposed on an outside surface of the outer glass sheet, an inside surface of the outer glass sheet, an outside surface of the inner glass sheet, and/or an inside surface of the inner glass sheet. The opaque coating may be disposed on the surface of the glass sheet either indirectly or directly. The projection of the first sub-area, in which the reflective layer is located, in the plane of the second sub-area coincides at least partially with the second sub-area. The reflective layer is thus at least partially arranged in the region of the opaque cover layer, so that there is an overlapping region of these layers. In the installed state of the projection assembly in the vehicle, the reflective layer is at a smaller distance from the vehicle interior than the opaque cover layer. The light source of p-polarized light is arranged on one side of the inner side surface of the inner glass plate, and thus is located inside the vehicle in the mounted state of the projection assembly in the vehicle. Accordingly, light from the light source emitted from the vehicle interior irradiates the reflective layer of the composite glass sheet and is reflected at the reflective layer. The reflected light may be identified as an image to an observer located in the vehicle interior. From the perspective of an observer of the vehicle interior, the opaque cover layer is located behind the reflective layer, so that in the region of the reflective layer, light transmission from the environment into the vehicle interior is avoided. As a result, the image located in the reflective layer region has good contrast. The inventors have found that a reflective layer comprising a silicon-based semiconductor layer is particularly suitable in respect of the high reflectivity of p-polarized light. In contrast, a single low refractive index layer or a single high refractive index layer, as well as a combination of low and high refractive index layers, all have very low reflectivity. The combination of the reflective layer according to the invention with an opaque cover layer behind the reflective layer seen by the vehicle occupant results in good visibility of the image even in external sunlight, with sunglasses worn by the vehicle occupant and with low light sources. Even in these cases, the image produced by the light source appears bright and well recognizable. This enables the power of the light source to be reduced and thus the energy consumption to be reduced. Furthermore, the silicon-based semiconductor layer has good chemical inertness, so that the reflective coating has a high resistance to environmental influences.

From the perspective of the vehicle occupant, the reflective layer is spatially disposed in front of the opaque cover layer when viewed through the inner glass pane. As a result, the region of the composite glass sheet where the reflective layer is disposed appears opaque. The reflective layer in front of the opaque background is preferably transparent, but may even be opaque itself. The expression "when viewed through the composite glass sheet" means that viewing through the composite glass sheet is started from the inner side surface of the inner glass sheet. In the context of the present invention, "spatially in front" means that the reflective layer is arranged at least spatially further from the outer side surface of the outer glass pane than the opaque cover layer. An opaque coating may be applied to one or more glass sheet surfaces. In this regard, one advantage of the present invention is that the reflective layer is adapted to be freely applied to be exposed on the inside surface of the inner glass sheet. Thus, the surface on which the opaque coating is placed can be freely selected according to the wishes of the customer. In contrast, the reflection layer applied on the outer side surface of the inner glass plate or the inner side surface of the outer glass plate may be covered with the screen printing portion positioned farther in the vehicle interior direction. This is avoided by means of the structure according to the invention. When the opaque coating is arranged on the inner side surface of the inner glass pane, the reflective layer is applied on the surface of the opaque coating facing away from the inner glass pane, and thus the function of the reflective layer is not negatively affected by the coating. The reflective layer may be applied indirectly or directly on the opaque cover layer, preferably directly on the opaque cover layer. Preferably, the opaque cover layer is widened at least in the region overlapping the reflective layer, and the composite glass sheet in this region is used to display an image. This means that the opaque coating has a greater width than the other sections when viewed perpendicular to the nearest section of the peripheral edge of the composite glass sheet. In this way, the opaque coating may be adapted to the dimensions of the reflective layer. The opaque coating is preferably formed circumferentially along the peripheral edge of the composite glass sheet in an edge region of the composite glass sheet, wherein the width of the coating is varied.

In the context of the present invention, "exposed surface" means a surface that can reach and be in direct contact with the surrounding atmosphere. The exposed surface may also be referred to as an "outer surface". The exposed surfaces must be distinguished from the inner surfaces of the composite glass sheets that are joined to each other via the thermoplastic interlayer. If the glass sheets are implemented as composite glass sheets, the outer side surfaces of the outer glass sheets and the inner side surfaces of the inner glass sheets (i.e. the substrate according to the invention) are exposed.

By "flat on top of each other" is meant that the projection of the first layer in the plane of the second layer is at least partially coincident with the second layer.

When the layer is based on a material, a substantial part of the layer consists of, in particular essentially consists of, the material, except for any impurities or dopants, for example dopants with aluminum, zirconium, titanium or boron. Thus, a large part of the silicon-based semiconductor layer is composed of silicon and is semiconductor. The semiconductor material has a conductivity between the electrical conductor and the insulator, wherein the conductivity of the semiconductor layer is preferably greater than 10 ^-8 S/cm and less than 10 ⁴ S/cm. When a silicon-based layer having semiconductor characteristics is used, for example, siO ₂ A significant change in the reflectivity of p-polarized light is observed compared to the dielectric layer of the layer And (5) feeding.

Preferably, the composite glass sheet is a vehicle windshield.

In the context of the present invention, at least one opaque cover layer is a layer that prevents transmission through the composite glass sheet. The transmittance of light in the visible spectrum through the opaque coating is at most 5%, preferably at most 2%, particularly preferably at most 1%, in particular at most 0.1%.

The light source of the projection assembly emits p-polarized light and is disposed adjacent to the inside surface of the inner glass sheet such that the light source illuminates the surface, wherein the light is reflected by the reflective layer of the composite glass sheet. Preferably, the reflective layer reflects at least 5%, preferably at least 6%, particularly preferably at least 10% of p-polarized light incident on the reflective layer at an angle of incidence in the wavelength range from 450nm to 650nm and from 55 ° to 75 °. This is advantageous for achieving the maximum possible brightness of the image emitted by the light source and reflected by the reflective layer.

The light source is used for emitting an image, i.e. the light source may also be referred to as a display device or an image display device. A projector, a display or even other means known to a person skilled in the art may be used as the light source. Preferably, the light source is a display, particularly preferably an LCD display, an LED display, an OLED display, or an electroluminescent display, in particular an LCD display. The display has a low installation height and can therefore be integrated easily and space-effectively into the dashboard of the vehicle. Furthermore, the display is significantly more energy efficient for operation than a projector. The relatively low brightness of the display is entirely sufficient in combination with the reflective layer according to the invention and the opaque cover layer positioned behind it. Preferably, the radiation of the light source irradiates the composite glass pane in the region of the reflective layer with an angle of incidence of 55 ° to 80 °, preferably 62 ° to 77 °. The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident vector of the radiation from the image display device and the surface normal at the geometric center of the reflective layer.

The term "p-polarized light" means light in the visible spectrum that has predominantly p-polarization. The p-polarized light preferably has a proportion of p-polarized light of at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 90%, and in particular about 100%. The polarization direction consideration is based on the plane of incidence of the radiation on the composite glass sheet. "p-polarized radiation" refers to radiation in which the electric field oscillates in the plane of incidence. "s-polarized radiation" refers to radiation in which the electric field oscillates perpendicular to the plane of incidence. The plane of incidence is generated by the incident vector and the surface normal of the composite glass sheet at the geometric center of the illuminated area. In other words, the polarization, i.e. in particular the ratio of p-polarized radiation and s-polarized radiation, is determined at a point of the area illuminated by the light source, preferably at the geometric center of the illuminated area. Since the composite glass sheets may be curved (for example, when they are windshields), the plane of incidence of the radiation is affected, so that a slightly deviated polarization ratio may occur in the remaining areas, which is unavoidable for physical reasons.

Preferably, the projection of the first subregion with the applied reflective layer in the plane of the second subregion with the cover layer arranged is located completely within the second subregion. In other words, the reflective layer is preferably applied only in the region of the mask print and does not project beyond this region. This is advantageous to limit the reflective layer to only the area for projecting the image and at the same time to keep the see-through area of the windscreen free of reflective layer. In this way, the reflective layer may have a lower light transmission than is required in the field of view of the windshield according to legal requirements.

Preferably, at least one opaque coating is arranged in the edge region of the outer glass pane. Such a cover layer is preferably used for masking the gluing of a composite glass pane, for example as a windscreen in a vehicle body. A harmonious overall impression of the composite glass pane in the installed state is thereby achieved. Furthermore, the opaque mask print serves as UV protection for the adhesive material used.

The opaque coating on the outer or inner glass pane is preferably screen printed. Screen printing methods for applying an opaque coating on a glass plate are known per se. Such a printed overlay is also referred to as a screen printed portion or a black printed portion and contains an opaque pigment, such as a black pigment. Known black pigments include, for example, carbon black, aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black, and graphite. The opaque cover layer printed by screen printing is preferably temperature treated to permanently adhere it to the glass surface. The temperature treatment is typically carried out at a temperature in the range from 450 ℃ to 700 ℃. If the outer glass sheet is curved, the screen printing portion applied to the glass sheet may also be subjected to a temperature treatment during the bending of the glass sheet.

The opaque coating on the outer glass sheet may be applied on the inside surface of the outer glass sheet and/or on the outside surface of the outer glass sheet. The inner side surface of the outer glass pane is preferred because the opaque masking print is protected from weathering. Particularly preferably, at least one opaque cover layer in the form of an opaque masking print is arranged on the inner side surface of the outer glass pane and/or on the outer side surface of the inner glass pane. The opaque overlay print applied to the outside surface of the inner glass pane also obscures the view from the vehicle interior through the composite glass pane to the exterior. For example, components such as electrical connectors that are laminated into the composite glass sheet may be hidden. The customer also wishes to be able to freely choose the position of the masking print and, if desired, to apply it on the inner or outer side surface of the inner glass pane. The reflective layer arranged on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate directly adjacent to the environment can be combined with the cover layer on any surface of the inner glass plate, compared to a layer which is only suitable for use on the inside of the composite glass plate.

The reflective layer is applied to a sub-region of the inner side surface of the inner glass sheet. The reflective layer is preferably in direct contact with the inner surface (IV side) of the inner glass plate or alternatively in direct contact with an opaque cover layer applied over that surface. The reflective layer is disposed in at least one region on the IV side of the composite glass sheet that overlaps the opaque cover layer when viewed through the composite glass sheet. This means that p-polarized light projected from the light source onto the reflective layer irradiates the composite glass sheet in the region of the opaque cover layer. As a result, a high contrast of the display is achieved.

The silicon-based semiconductor layer preferably comprises at least 95wt% silicon, particularly preferably at least 97wt% silicon. This results in good semiconductor properties while also having good p-polarized light reflection properties. It is particularly preferred that the silicon-based semiconductor layer is doped with boron, titanium, zirconium and/or aluminum in order to further improve the properties, in particular the optical properties, of the silicon-based semiconductor layer.

The silicon-based semiconductor layer preferably has a thickness of 10nm to 100nm, particularly preferably 15nm to 70nm, particularly 20nm to 50 nm. Within these ranges, particularly good reflection properties are achieved, wherein the layer is thin enough to be deposited economically.

In a preferred embodiment, the reflective layer is formed from a single silicon-based semiconductor layer and does not include other layers. This is advantageous for providing an economical reflective layer that is easy to manufacture. The high chemical inertness and good mechanical stability of silicon-based semiconductor layers are critical for achieving such an embodiment.

In the context of the present invention, if the first layer is arranged "above" the second layer, this means that the first layer is arranged further away from the substrate to which the coating is applied than the second layer. In the context of the present invention, if the first layer is arranged "under" the second layer, this means that the second layer is arranged further away from the substrate than the first layer. For the reflective layer, an inner glass plate is used as a substrate, wherein the reflective layer is applied on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate. Thus, the second layer applied over the silicon-based semiconductor layer is farther from the inner side surface of the inner glass plate than the silicon-based semiconductor layer.

In another preferred embodiment, the reflective layer comprises at least one silicon-based semiconductor layer and one dielectric layer, wherein the dielectric layer is disposed over the silicon-based semiconductor layer. This makes the laminate comprising, in order from the inner side surface of the inner glass sheet: at least one silicon-based semiconductor layer and one dielectric layer stacked on top of each other flat. The dielectric layer over the silicon-based semiconductor layer is advantageous for protecting the silicon-based semiconductor layer from mechanical stresses. In addition, the dielectric layer serves as a barrier layer which further increases the chemical resistance of the silicon-based semiconductor layer. Particularly preferably, the reflective coating comprises explicitly a dielectric layer.

Preferably, at least one dielectric layer is implemented as a low refractive index layer or a high refractive index layer.

In a preferred embodiment, the dielectric layer is an optical high refractive index layer having a refractive index of more than 1.8, particularly preferably a refractive index of at least 1.9, most particularly preferably a refractive index of at least 2.0. Increasing the refractive index produces a high refractive index effect. The high refractive index layer may also be referred to as a reflection enhancing layer because it generally further increases the overall reflectivity of the coated surface. The refractive indices mentioned bring about particularly good results. The refractive index is preferably at most 2.5, a further increase in refractive index does not provide any further improvement in p-polarized radiation, but increases the overall reflectivity.

In the context of the present invention, the refractive index is in principle expressed on the basis of a wavelength of 550 nm. Methods for determining the refractive index are known to those skilled in the art. The refractive index shown in the context of the present invention may be determined, for example, by means of ellipsometry using a commercially available ellipsometer. Unless otherwise indicated, the layer thickness or indication of thickness is based on the geometric thickness of the layer.

Suitable materials for the high refractive index layer include silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ) Mixed silicon-metal nitrides (e.g., silicon-zirconium nitride (SiZrN), mixed silicon-aluminum nitride, mixed silicon-hafnium nitride, or mixed silicon-titanium nitride), aluminum nitride, tin oxide, niobium oxide, bismuth oxide, titanium oxide, mixed tin-zinc oxide, and zirconium oxide. In addition, transition metal oxides (such as scandium oxide, tantalum oxide) or lanthanide oxides (such as lanthanum oxide or cerium oxide) may be used. The high refractive index layer preferably comprises one or more of these materials or is based on these materials. Particularly preferably, the high refractive index dielectric layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon-zirconium nitride or titanium oxide, in particular silicon nitride. Silicon nitride has particularly advantageous barrier properties.

When a layer is based on a material, a majority of the layer consists of, in particular consists essentially of, the material, except for any impurities or dopants. The oxides and nitrides mentioned may be deposited stoichiometrically, sub-stoichiometrically or superstoichiometrically (even when the stoichiometric formula is indicated). The oxides and nitrides mentioned may have dopants, for example aluminum, zirconium, titanium or boron.

The high refractive index layer may be applied by physical or chemical vapor deposition, i.e. PVD or CVD methods (PVD: physical vapor deposition, CVD: chemical vapor deposition). The coating is preferably based on suitable materials, in particular silicon nitride, mixed silicon-metal nitrides (e.g. silicon-zirconium nitride, mixed silicon-aluminum nitride, mixed silicon-hafnium nitride or mixed silicon-titanium nitride), aluminum nitride, tin oxide, niobium oxide, bismuth oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide or mixed tin-zinc oxide. Preferably, the high refractive index layer is a coating applied by cathode sputtering ("sputtering"), in particular by magnetron enhanced cathode sputtering ("magnetron sputtering"). This has the following advantages: both the silicon-based semiconductor layer and the high refractive index layer may be deposited using the same method.

In another possible embodiment, the high refractive index layer is a sol-gel coating. The advantage of the sol-gel method as a wet chemical method is a high degree of flexibility, for example, the method allows to provide only part of the glass sheet surface with a coating in a simple manner and at a low cost compared to vapor deposition methods such as cathode sputtering. The high refractive index layer applied as a sol-gel coating preferably comprises titanium oxide or zirconium oxide, particularly preferably titanium oxide, to achieve a refractive index according to the invention. When the glass sheet is heat treated, the layer comprising titania deposited using PVD methods is subject to greater crystallinity variation. The high refractive index layer comprising titanium oxide applied as a sol-gel coating is at least partially free of fixed shape and does not have this disadvantage. The chemical transformation of the sol-gel helps to avoid problems during temperature treatment.

In the sol-gel process, first, a sol containing a coating precursor is provided and cured. Curing may involve hydrolysis of the precursors and/or (partial) reactions between the precursors. The precursor is typically present in a solvent, preferably water, an alcohol (especially ethanol) or a water-alcohol mixture.

In one embodiment, the sol-gel coating is based on titanium oxide or zirconium oxide. In this case, the sol contains a titania precursor or a zirconia precursor.

The sol is applied directly or indirectly to the inner side surface of the inner glass sheet, in particular by wet chemical methods, for example by dip coating, spin coating, flow coating, by application using rollers or brushes or by spraying, or by printing methods, for example by pad printing or screen printing. Drying may then be carried out, wherein the solvent is evaporated. The drying may be performed at ambient temperature or by heating alone (e.g., at a temperature up to 120 ℃). The surface is typically cleaned by methods known per se prior to applying the layer to the substrate.

The sol is then condensed. The condensation may comprise a temperature treatment which may be carried out as a separate temperature treatment, for example at up to 500 ℃, or in a glass bending process at a temperature typically in the range 600 ℃ to 700 ℃. If the precursor has a UV crosslinkable functional group (e.g., a methacrylate, vinyl, or acrylate group), the condensation may include UV treatment. Alternatively, for suitable precursors (e.g., silicates), the condensation may include IR treatment. Alternatively, the solvent may be evaporated at a temperature up to 120 ℃.

In a further preferred embodiment, the dielectric layer is an optical low refractive index layer having a refractive index of less than 1.6, preferably a refractive index of at most 1.5, particularly preferably a refractive index of at most 1.45, for example a refractive index of 1.25 to 1.35. These values have proven to be particularly advantageous in terms of the reflection properties of the glass sheet.

The low refractive index layer is preferably based on silicon oxide, in particular on nanoporous silicon oxide. Further significant improvements in total reflection of the reflective layer can be observed if a silicon oxide layer is placed over the silicon-based semiconductor layer. The reflective properties of this layer are determined on the one hand by the refractive index and on the other hand by the thickness of the low refractive index layer. The refractive index is in turn a function of pore size and pore density. In a preferred embodiment, the holes are sized and distributed such that the refractive index is from 1.2 to 1.4, particularly preferably from 1.25 to 1.35. Refractive indices in these ranges are particularly advantageous for achieving a uniform reflection spectrum over a range of angles of incidence of about 65 ° and about 75 °. The thickness of the low refractive index layer is preferably from 50nm to 200nm, particularly preferably from 100nm to 150nm. Thereby obtaining good reflection characteristics.

The silicon oxide may be doped with, for example, aluminum, zirconium, titanium, boron, tin, or zinc. In particular, the optical, mechanical and chemical properties of the coating can be adjusted by means of dopants.

The low refractive index layer preferably comprises only one uniform silicon oxide layer. However, the low refractive index layer may be formed of a multilayer silicon oxide. For example, multi-layered nanoporous silica that differ from each other in terms of porosity (pore size and/or density) may be deposited. In this way, a range of refractive indices can be produced to some extent.

The low refractive index layer is preferably also deposited by physical or chemical vapor deposition.

In another possible embodiment, the low refractive index layer is a sol-gel coating. The sol-gel coating is deposited on the silicon-based semiconductor layer during the sol-gel process. First, a sol containing a coating precursor is provided and cured. Curing may involve hydrolysis of the precursors and/or (partial) reactions between the precursors. The sol is referred to in the context of the present invention as a precursor sol and comprises a silica precursor in a solvent. The precursor is preferably a silane, in particular tetraethoxysilane or Methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS). Alternatively, however, silicates can also be used as precursors, in particular sodium, lithium or potassium silicate, for example tetramethyl silicate, tetraethyl silicate (TEOS), isopropyl silicate or of the formula R ² _n Si(OR ¹ ) _4-n Is an organosilane of (2). Here, preferably, R ¹ Is an alkyl group; r is R ² Is an alkyl, epoxy, acrylate, methacrylate, amine, phenyl or vinyl group; and n is an integer from 0 to 2. Silicon halides or alkoxides may also be used. The solvent is preferably water, an alcohol (in particular ethanol) or a water-alcohol mixture.

The precursor sol is then mixed with the porogen dispersed in the aqueous phase. The purpose of the porogen is to create pores in the silica matrix, that is, to act as placeholders when creating the low refractive index layer. The shape, size and density of the pores are determined by the shape, size and concentration of the pore former. Pore size, pore distribution, and pore density can be selectively controlled by the pore former and ensure reproducible results. For example, polymer nanoparticles may be used as porogens, preferably PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) nanoparticles, but alternatively nanoparticles of polycarbonate, polyester or polystyrene, or copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid and (meth) methyl acrylate. Instead of polymer nanoparticles, it is also possible to use nano-oil droplets in the form of nanoemulsions. Of course, the use of different pore formers is also conceivable.

The solution thus obtained is applied to the silicon-based semiconductor layer on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate. This can reasonably be done by wet chemical methods such as those mentioned for depositing the high refractive index layer.

The sol is then condensed. In this process, a silica matrix is formed around the porogen. The condensation may comprise, for example, a temperature treatment carried out at a temperature of up to 350 ℃. If the precursor has a UV crosslinkable functional group (e.g., a methacrylate, vinyl, or acrylate group), the condensation may include UV treatment. Alternatively, for suitable precursors (e.g., silicates), the condensation may include IR treatment. Alternatively, the solvent may be evaporated at a temperature up to 120 ℃.

The porogen is then optionally removed. For this purpose, the coated substrate is preferably subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of at least 400 ℃, preferably at least 500 ℃, wherein the porogen decomposes. The organic pore former is carbonized. The heat treatment may be performed as part of a bending process or a thermal tempering process. The heat treatment is preferably carried out for a period of up to 15 minutes, particularly preferably up to 5 minutes. In addition to removing the porogen, a heat treatment may also be used to complete the condensation and thus densify the coating, which improves the mechanical properties of the coating, in particular the stability of the coating.

In addition to using a heat treatment, the porogen may also be dissolved from the coating by a solvent. In the case of polymer nanoparticles, the corresponding polymers must be soluble in solvents, for example, in the case of PMMA nanoparticles Tetrahydrofuran (THF) can be used.

It is preferable to remove the porogen to create empty pores. In principle, however, the pore former can also be left in the pores. If the porogen has a different refractive index than silicon oxide, it is affected. The pores are then filled with a pore former, for example with PMMA nanoparticles. Hollow particles may also be used as porogens, for example hollow polymer nanoparticles, such as PMMA nanoparticles or hollow silica nanoparticles. If such porogens remain in the pores without being removed, the pores have a hollow core and edge regions filled with porogens.

The described sol-gel process is capable of producing low refractive index layers with a regular, uniform pore distribution. The shape, size and density of the holes can be selectively adjusted, and the low refractive index layer has low curvature.

Optionally, the reflective coating comprises an organic protective layer facing the vehicle interior in the mounted state of the projection assembly in the vehicle. The organic protective layer does not contribute or only insignificantly contributes to the optical characteristics of the reflective coating, but protects the underlying layers of the reflective coating from contamination. Preferably, the organic protective layer is a hydrophobic coating. Suitable hydrophobic coatings are commercially available, for example fluoroorganic compounds as also described in DE 19848591. Known hydrophobic coatings are, for example, products based on perfluoropolyethers or fluorosilanes. These known hydrophobic coatings are, for example, layers applied in liquid form, for example by spraying, dipping and flowing or by using fabrics. Alternatively, the hydrophobic membrane may be used as a nanolayer system, which is applied for example by chemical or physical vapor deposition.

Preferably, the dielectric layer is deposited directly on the silicon-based semiconductor layer, i.e. no further layers are arranged between the silicon-based semiconductor layer and the dielectric layer.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the reflective layer consists exactly of a silicon-based semiconductor layer. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the reflective layer comprises a silicon-based semiconductor layer and an organic protective layer applied over the silicon-based semiconductor layer. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the reflective layer comprises a laminate of layers starting from the inner surface of the inner glass pane in the following order: silicon-based semiconductor layers, dielectric layers, and organic protective layers.

Particularly preferably, the reflective coating comprises exactly a single silicon-based semiconductor layer, a single dielectric layer, optionally an organic protective layer, and no further layers below or above these layers. The inventors have found that such reflective coatings have improved reflectivity for p-polarization.

In order to achieve as much color-neutral a display of the image produced in the region of the reflective layer as possible, the reflection spectrum of the p-polarized radiation should be as smooth as possible and should have no distinct local minima and maxima. In the spectral range from 450nm to 650nm, the difference between the maximum occurrence reflectance and the average reflectance and the difference between the minimum occurrence reflectance and the average reflectance should in a preferred embodiment be at most 3%, particularly preferably at most 2%. The resulting difference is considered as an absolute deviation of the reflectivity (reported in%) rather than a percentage deviation from the average. Alternatively, the standard deviation in the spectral range from 450nm to 650nm can be used as a measure of the flatness of the reflectance spectrum. In this connection, it has proven advantageous to explicitly include only one reflective layer of silicon-based semiconductor layer and one dielectric layer.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a HUD layer is arranged between the inner side surface of the outer glass plate and the outer side surface of the inner glass plate. The principles of head-up displays (HUDs) and technical terms from the field of HUDs as used herein are generally known to those skilled in the art. For a detailed description, reference is made to Alexander Neumann in The university of munich's computer science research paper "Simulation-Based Measurement Technology for Testing Head-Up Displays (Simulation-based measurement techniques for testing Head-Up Displays)" (munich: university of munich's library of industry 2012), in particular chapter 2 "The Head-Up Displays". The HUD layer is arranged between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate, wherein "between" may mean within the thermoplastic intermediate layer and may also be in direct spatial contact on the inner side of the outer glass plate and on the outer side of the inner glass plate. The HUD layer is suitably designed to reflect p-polarized light. The HUD layer is a reflective coating integrated over a large area into the composite glass sheet, wherein the area where the HUD coating is located is also referred to as the HUD area. To use the composite glass sheet as a heads-up display, the projector is directed to the HUD area of the composite glass sheet. The radiation of the projector is preferably predominantly p-polarized. The HUD layer is adapted to reflect p-polarized radiation. As a result, a virtual image is produced by the projector radiation, which can be perceived by the vehicle driver from his perspective behind the composite glass pane.

The projection assembly according to the invention is particularly suitable for being combined with a HUD-layer. The reflective layer provided on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate and the opaque cover layer applied in this region are limited only locally to the edge region of the composite glass plate and thus do not affect the HUD layer applied in the see-through region of the composite glass plate. Since the reflective layer is positioned on the exposed surface of the composite glass sheet, the HUD layer may be applied independently on one of the inner surfaces of the composite glass sheet and protected from the environment at that inner surface.

The HUD layer preferably comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tin, titanium, copper, chromium, cobalt, iron, manganese, zirconium, cerium, yttrium, silver, gold, platinum and palladium or a mixture of each of the foregoing.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the HUD layer is a layer sequence comprising a stack of thin layers, i.e. thin individual layers. The thin layer stack comprises one or more silver-based conductive layers. The silver-based conductive layer imparts basic reflective properties as well as IR reflecting effects and conductivity to the reflective coating. The conductive layer is silver-based. The conductive layer preferably contains at least 90wt% silver, particularly preferably at least 99wt% silver, most particularly preferably at least 99.9wt% silver. The silver layer may have a dopant such as palladium, gold, copper or aluminum. Silver-based materials are particularly suitable for reflecting p-polarized light. The use of silver has proven to be particularly advantageous in terms of reflection of p-polarized light. The coating has a thickness of 5nm to 50nm and preferably 8nm to 25 nm.

If the HUD layer is embodied as a coating, it is preferably applied to the inner or outer glass pane by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), particularly preferably by cathode sputtering ("sputtering"), and most particularly preferably by magnetron enhanced cathode sputtering ("magnetron sputtering"). In principle, however, it is also possible to apply the coating using, for example, chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), for example plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD), by vapor deposition or by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). The coating is applied to the glass sheet prior to lamination.

The HUD layer may also be implemented as a reflective film that reflects p-polarized light. The HUD layer may be a carrier film or a reflective polymer film with a reflective coating. The reflective coating preferably comprises at least one layer based on a sequence of metal and/or dielectric layers having alternating refractive indices. The metal-based layer preferably comprises or consists of silver and/or aluminum. The dielectric layer may be based, for example, on silicon nitride, zinc oxide, tin-zinc oxide, mixed silicon-metal nitrides such as silicon-zirconium nitride, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, or silicon carbide. The oxides and nitrides mentioned may be deposited stoichiometrically, sub-stoichiometrically or super-stoichiometrically. The oxides and nitrides mentioned may have dopants, for example aluminum, zirconium, titanium or boron. The reflective polymer film preferably comprises or consists of a dielectric polymer layer. The dielectric polymer layer preferably comprises PET. If the HUD layer is implemented as a reflective film, its thickness is preferably from 30 μm to 300 μm, particularly preferably from 50 μm to 200 μm, and in particular from 100 μm to 150 μm.

If the HUD layer is a coated reflective film, it may also be produced using CVD or PVD coating methods.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the HUD layer is implemented as a reflective film and is arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer. An advantage of this arrangement is that the HUD layer does not have to be applied to the outer or inner glass plates by means of thin film techniques (e.g., CVD and PVD). This allows the use of a HUD layer with further advantageous functions such as a more uniform reflection of p-polarized light on the HUD layer. Furthermore, the production of the composite glass sheet can be simplified, since the HUD layer does not have to be arranged on the outer glass sheet or the inner glass sheet via an additional process prior to lamination.

The composite glass pane of the projection assembly is preferably a windshield. The HUD layer optionally present is positioned within the see-through region of the composite glass sheet. In one embodiment as a motor vehicle windshield, the total transmission through the composite glass sheet is at least 70% based on the illuminant a. The term "total transmittance" is based on the motor vehicle window light transmittance test method specified in ECE-R43, appendix 3, ≡9.1.

The outer glass pane and the inner glass pane preferably comprise or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass or transparent plastic, preferably rigid transparent plastic, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.

The outer and inner glass sheets may also have other suitable coatings known per se, such as anti-reflective coatings, non-stick coatings, scratch-resistant coatings, photocatalytic coatings, or sun-shading or low-emissivity coatings.

The thickness of the individual glass sheets (outer and inner glass sheets) can vary widely and can be adjusted as required for the particular situation. Preferably, glass sheets having a standard thickness of 0.5mm to 5mm and preferably 1.0mm to 2.5mm are used. The size of the glass sheets can vary greatly and is affected by the application.

The composite glass sheet can have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the outer and inner glass sheets have no shadow areas so that they can be coated, for example, by cathode sputtering. Preferably, the outer and inner glass sheets are flat or slightly or strongly curved in one or more spatial directions.

The thermoplastic interlayer comprises or is made of at least one thermoplastic, preferably butyral (PVB), ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and/or Polyurethane (PU) or copolymers or derivatives thereof, optionally in combination with polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, the thermoplastic interlayer may also comprise, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resins, casting resins, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride, and/or tetrafluoroethylene, or copolymers or mixtures thereof.

The thermoplastic interlayer is preferably embodied as at least one layer of a thermoplastic composite film and comprises, or is made from, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and additives known to the person skilled in the art such as plasticizers. Preferably, the thermoplastic interlayer comprises at least one plasticizer.

Plasticizers are compounds that make plastics softer, more flexible, smoother and/or more elastic. The plasticizer shifts the thermo-elastic range of the plastic to a lower temperature, so that the plastic has the desired higher elastic properties over the temperature range of use. Preferred plasticizers are carboxylic esters, in particular low-volatility carboxylic esters, fats, oils, soft resins and camphor. The other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol. Particularly preferred for use as plasticizers are 3G7, 3G8 or 4G7, wherein the first digit indicates the number of ethylene glycol units and the last digit indicates the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid moiety of the compound. Thus, 3G8 represents triethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate) (triethylene glycol-bis- (2-ethyl hexate)), in other words, the chemical formula C ₄ H ₉ CH(CH ₂ CH ₃ )CO(OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) ₃ O ₂ CCH(CH ₂ CH ₃ )C ₄ H ₉ Is a compound of (a).

Preferably, the thermoplastic interlayer based on PVB comprises at least 3 wt.%, preferably at least 5 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 20 wt.%, even more preferably at least 30 wt.% and in particular at least 35 wt.% of plasticizers. The plasticizer comprises or is made of, for example, triethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate).

The thermoplastic intermediate layer may be formed from a single layer film or may be formed from more than one layer of film. The thermoplastic intermediate layer may be formed of one or more thermoplastic films arranged one above the other, wherein the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably from 0.25mm to 1mm, typically 0.38mm or 0.76mm.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer may also be a functional thermoplastic intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer having acoustic damping properties, an intermediate layer reflecting infrared radiation, an intermediate layer absorbing infrared radiation and/or an intermediate layer absorbing UV radiation. For example, the thermoplastic interlayer may also be a band filter that blocks narrow band visible light.

The invention also includes a method for producing a projection assembly according to the invention. The method comprises at least the following steps:

(a) Providing an outer glass pane, an inner glass pane and a thermoplastic interlayer,

(b) In at least one second sub-zone, applying at least one opaque coating on the outer side surface of the outer glass pane, the inner side surface of the outer glass pane, the outer side surface of the inner glass pane and/or on the outer side surface of the inner glass pane,

(c) Combining the inner glass sheet, the thermoplastic interlayer, and the outer glass sheet in the order of the inner glass sheet, the thermoplastic interlayer, and the outer glass sheet to form a layer stack,

(d) Lamination of the layer stack to form a composite glass sheet,

(e) Applying a reflective layer to at least one first sub-region of the inner side surface of the inner glass sheet, wherein the first sub-region extends to at least partially overlap the second sub-region, and wherein the applied reflective layer is located as an exposed layer on the inner side surface of the inner glass sheet,

(f) The light source of p-polarized light is aligned towards the composite glass sheet so that the p-polarized light can illuminate the reflective layer.

Step e) of the method may be performed before, during or after steps a) to d). However, if at least one opaque coating is applied on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate, the reflective layer is not applied until after the opaque coating is applied.

The reflective layer reflects p-polarized light. The p-polarized light leaves the composite glass sheet on the inside of the inner glass sheet.

The layer stack is laminated under the influence of heat, vacuum and/or pressure, wherein the individual layers are joined to each other (laminated) by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer. The composite glass sheet can be produced using methods known per se. For example, the so-called autoclave process may be carried out at an elevated pressure of about 10bar to 15bar and a temperature of from 130 ℃ to 145 ℃ for about 2 hours. Vacuum bag or vacuum ring processes known per se are operated, for example, at about 200mbar and 130 to 145 ℃. The outer glass sheet, the inner glass sheet, and the thermoplastic interlayer can also be pressed in a calender and between at least one pair of rolls to form a composite glass sheet. Installations of this type for producing composite glass sheets are known and generally have at least one heating channel upstream of the press. The temperature during the pressing operation is, for example, from 40 ℃ to 150 ℃. A combination of calendering and autoclave processes has proven to be particularly useful in practice. Alternatively, a vacuum laminator may be used. The vacuum laminator comprises one or more heatable and evacuable chambers, wherein the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet can be laminated at a reduced pressure of from 0.01mbar to 800mbar and a temperature of from 80 ℃ to 170 ℃ in, for example, about 60 minutes.

The method of applying the reflective layer has been discussed in the description of the reflective layer itself.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, a HUD layer is applied on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate and/or on the outer side surface of the inner glass plate before, during or after one of steps a) and b). In another preferred embodiment, the HUD layer is a component of the thermoplastic interlayer and is incorporated into the composite glass sheet along with the thermoplastic interlayer. The method for applying the HUD layer has been discussed in the description of the projection assembly according to the present invention.

The method features discussed in the description of the projection assembly according to the invention are also applicable to the method according to the invention.

The projection assembly according to the invention is preferably used in vehicles travelling on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles. It is particularly preferred that the composite glass sheet be used as a vehicle windshield.

The various embodiments of the invention may be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and to be explained below can be used not only in the indicated combination but also in other combinations or alone without departing from the scope of the invention.

Drawings

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. The drawings are depicted in simplified representations and not to scale:

figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a projection assembly according to the present invention,

figure 2 is a plan view of the composite glass sheet of figure 1,

figures 3 to 4 are different embodiments of projection assemblies according to the invention in detail Z along section line AA' of figure 2,

figures 5a to 5d are different embodiments of reflective coatings of projection assemblies according to the invention,

figure 6 is a reflection spectrum for p-polarized radiation at 65 deg. for a composite glass sheet according to the invention according to examples 1 to 4 of table 1,

fig. 7 is a reflection spectrum for p-polarized radiation at 65 ° of a composite glass sheet according to the present invention according to comparative examples 1 to 4 of table 2.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 schematically depicts a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a projection assembly 100 according to the present invention in a mounted state in a vehicle. Fig. 2 depicts a plan view of composite glass sheet 10 of projection assembly 100. The cross-sectional view of fig. 1 corresponds to the section line A-A of the composite glass sheet 1 as shown in fig. 2.

The composite glass sheet 10 comprises an outer glass sheet 1 and an inner glass sheet 2, wherein a thermoplastic interlayer 3 is arranged between the outer glass sheet 1 and the inner glass sheet 2. The composite glass sheet 10 is installed in a vehicle and separates a vehicle interior 12 from an external environment 13. For example, the composite glass sheet 10 is a windshield of a motor vehicle.

The outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 are both made of glass, preferably thermally tempered soda lime glass, and the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 are transparent to visible light. The thermoplastic interlayer 3 comprises a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

The outer side surface I of the outer glass pane 1 faces away from the thermoplastic interlayer 3 and is at the same time also the outer surface of the composite glass pane 10. The inner side surface II of the outer glass pane 1 and the outer side surface III of the inner glass pane 2 both face the intermediate layer 3. The inner side surface IV of the inner glass pane 2 faces away from the thermoplastic interlayer 3 and at the same time is the inner side of the composite glass pane 10. It goes without saying that the composite glass sheet 10 may have any suitable geometry and/or curvature. As the composite glass sheet 10, it generally has a convex curvature.

In the peripheral edge region R of the composite glass pane 10, a frame-like, circumferentially opaque coating 5 is provided on the inner side surface II of the outer glass pane 1. The cover layer 5 is opaque and prevents the observation of structures arranged inside the composite glass sheet 10. In addition, in the edge region R on the outer surface II of the inner glass pane 2, the composite glass pane 1 likewise has an opaque coating 5 formed in a frame-like circumferential manner. The opaque cover layer 5 is made of a non-conductive material commonly used for screen printing, such as baked black screen printing ink. The opaque cover layer 5 prevents a perspective through the composite glass sheet 10, and thus, for example, adhesive beads for gluing the composite glass sheet 10 into a vehicle body are not visible when viewed from the outside 13. At least one of the cover layers 5 is applied in a sub-region B of the glass plate. Even the second one of the cover layers 5 may be omitted. According to fig. 2, the subregion B extends circumferentially in the edge region R of the composite glass pane 10. Along the edge section of the composite glass pane 10, the subregion B and the opaque covering layer 5 located in this subregion are widened, wherein in the installed state of the glass pane as a windscreen in a motor vehicle the widened subregion B is located near the engine edge and the dashboard.

A reflective layer 9 is positioned on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass plate 2. When viewed through the composite glass pane 10, the reflective layer 9 is arranged to overlap one of the opaque coating layers 5 located on the surfaces II and III, wherein at least one of these opaque coating layers 5 completely overlaps the reflective layer 9, i.e. the reflective layer 9 has no sections that do not overlap one of the coating layers 5. The reflective layer 9 is arranged here, for example, only in a section of the edge region R of the composite glass pane 10, which section is located in the vicinity of the engine compartment of the motor vehicle in the installed state. However, it is also possible to arrange the reflective layer 9 in an upper (topside) section or side section of the edge region R. Furthermore, a plurality of reflective layers 9 may be provided in said sections of the edge region R. For example, the reflective layer 9 may be arranged such that a (partial) circumferential image is produced. At least one of the opaque coating 5 on the inner side surface II of the outer glass pane 1 and/or the outer side surface III of the inner glass pane 2 is widened in the section of the first subregion D in which the reflective layer 9 is located. In this way, an overlap of the first subregion D with the reflective layer 9 and an overlap of the second subregion B with the opaque cover layer 5 is achieved. The term "width" means the largest dimension of the opaque coating 5 perpendicular to its extension. According to the invention, the overlap between the reflective layer 9 and the opaque cover layer 5 does not have to be achieved by the cover layer 5 directly adjacent to the reflective layer 9. In this connection, one of the opaque cover layers 5 according to fig. 1 is only optional, wherein the remaining opaque cover layer 5 has to fill the sub-area B which coincides at least partially with the sub-area D of the reflective layer 9.

The projection assembly 100 has a light source 8 as an image generator. The light source 8 is used to generate p-polarized light 7 (image information), which p-polarized light 7 is directed towards the reflective layer 9 and reflected by the reflective layer 9 as reflected light into the vehicle interior 12, which is perceivable in the vehicle interior 12 by an observer, for example a driver. The reflective layer 9 is suitably designed to reflect p-polarized light 7 of the light source 8, i.e. the image formed by the light 7 of the light source 8. The p-polarized light 7 preferably irradiates the composite glass sheet 1 with an angle of incidence of 50 ° to 80 °, in particular with an angle of incidence of 65 ° to 75 °. The light source 8 is, for example, a display, in this case an LCD display. For example, the composite glass sheet 10 may also be a top sheet, a side sheet, or a rear sheet.

The plan view of fig. 2 shows the reflective layer 9 extending along the lower section of the edge region R of the composite glass pane 10.

Referring now to fig. 3 and 4, there are depicted enlarged cross-sectional views of various embodiments of the composite glass sheet 1. The sectional views of fig. 3 and 4 correspond to the section line A-A in the lower section Z shown in fig. 2 of the edge region R of the composite glass pane 1.

The embodiment of the composite glass sheet 10 shown in fig. 3 essentially corresponds to the composite glass sheet according to the embodiment of fig. 1. In contrast, the composite glass pane has only one opaque coating print 5 applied to the inner side surface II of the outer glass pane 1. An opaque cover layer 5 is located in the sub-area B. In the subregion D, a reflective layer 9 is applied on the inner side surface IV. The image projected by the light source 8 onto the reflective layer 9 is easily identifiable due to the high contrast in front of the background of the opaque cover layer 5.

The embodiment of the composite glass sheet 10 shown in fig. 4 differs from the embodiment of fig. 3 in that it has two opaque cover layers 5. One opaque coating 5 is applied on the outer side surface III of the inner glass plate 2, while the other opaque coating 5 is located on the inner side surface II. In addition, the composite glass sheet 10 includes a HUD layer 4 applied on the inner side surface II of the outer glass sheet 1. The HUD layer 4 also extends into the see-through area of the composite glass sheet 10, i.e. the area where no opaque cover layer 5 is present. A projector (not shown) may be aligned with this area of the glass plate and the HUD layer 4, and the HUD layer 4 may be created as a projection surface of the virtual image. The opaque cover layer 5 closest to the reflective layer 9 is applied on the outer side surface III of the inner glass plate 1 and serves at this outer side surface III as an opaque background for the image of the reflective layer. The opaque cover layer 5 on the outer side surface III of the inner glass plate 2 conceals the HUD layer 4 from a viewer located in the interior 12. The HUD layer 4 may be used independently of the reflective layer 9, wherein the image of the reflective layer 9 and the HUD image do not affect each other.

Fig. 5a to 5d depict different embodiments of the reflective layer 9 applied on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass pane 2 according to the invention. In all embodiments of fig. 5a to 5d, an opaque coating 5 is applied on the outer side surface III of the inner glass pane 2. According to fig. 5a, the reflective layer 9 comprises a silicon-based semiconductor layer 9.1. According to fig. 5b, the reflective layer 9 comprises in sequence a silicon-based semiconductor layer 9.1 and a dielectric layer 9.2 applied on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass plate 2. In fig. 5c, the reflective layer 9 comprises, in order, a silicon-based semiconductor layer 9.1 and an organic protective layer 9.3 applied on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass plate 2. In another embodiment according to fig. 5d, the reflective layer 9 comprises, in order from the inner side surface IV of the inner glass plate 2, a silicon-based semiconductor layer 9.1, a dielectric layer 9.2 and an organic protective layer 9.3.

In other embodiments according to the invention, the reflective coating 9 is applied according to one of fig. 5a to 5d, and the opaque coating 5 is located on the inner side surface III of the outer glass pane 1. In all exemplary embodiments, the reflective layer 9 is arranged in the vehicle interior relative to the opaque cover layer 5, i.e. the reflective layer 9 is located in front of the opaque cover layer 5 when viewed towards the inside of the composite glass pane 10.

The present invention is explained hereinafter with reference to examples and comparative examples. The reflection characteristics of the composite glass sheet according to the present invention and the composite glass sheet not according to the present invention for p-polarized light are compared hereinafter. The basic structure of the composite glass sheet corresponds to the structure depicted in fig. 3, wherein the composite glass sheet differs in the composition of the reflective layer. The reflective layer is applied in each case on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass pane 2 and in the region D, which is located in the region B, in which the opaque overlay print 5 is applied. For examples B1 to B4 according to the present invention, the layer thicknesses, layer structures, and refractive indices of the dielectric layers are summarized in table 1, while for comparative examples V1 to V4 not according to the present invention, the layer thicknesses, layer structures, and refractive indices of the dielectric layers are summarized in table 2. In examples B1 to B4 according to the present invention, the reflective layer 9 includes a silicon-based semiconductor layer and a dielectric layer, whereas in comparative examples V1 to V4 not according to the present invention, only a dielectric layer is used.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

The reflectivity of p-polarized light, which is critical for image quality, is called RL (a) p-pol and is determined at the inner side surface IV of the inner glass plate 2 and at 65 °. The value of the Reflection (RL) is based on the illuminant a, which by definition is based on the relative radiation distribution of the planck radiator at 2856 kelvin. The corresponding reflection spectra are shown in fig. 6 and 7.

Comparison of the characteristics of the reflective layers 9 according to examples B1 to B4 and comparative examples V1 to V4 shows that the reflective layers according to the present invention according to examples B1 to B4 have significantly increased reflection at 65 ° compared to comparative examples V1 to V4.

List of reference numerals

10. Composite glass plate

1. Outer glass plate

2. Inner glass plate

3. Thermoplastic interlayers

4 HUD layer

5. Opaque cover layer

7. P-polarized light of light source

8. Light source

9. Reflective layer

9.1 Silicon-based semiconductor layer

9.2 Dielectric layer

9.3 Organic protective layer

12. Vehicle interior

13. External environment

100. Projection assembly

D first subregion

B second subregion

R edge region

Outside surface of the I outer glass plate 1

II inner side surface of outer glass plate 1

Outside surface of inner glass pane 2

Inner side surface of IV inner glass pane 2

A-A' section line.

Claims

1. A projection assembly (100), the projection assembly (100) comprising at least a composite glass plate (10) and a light source (8) of p-polarized light (7), the composite glass plate (10) comprising an outer glass plate (1), an inner glass plate (2) and a thermoplastic interlayer (3), the outer glass plate (1) having an outer side surface (I) and an inner side surface (II), the inner glass plate (2) having an outer side surface (III) and an inner side surface (IV), wherein,

-the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass pane (1) and the outer side surface (III) of the inner glass pane (2) are joined to each other via the thermoplastic interlayer (3),

-arranging a reflective layer (9) on the inner side surface (IV) of the inner glass pane (2) in at least one first sub-region (D) of the composite glass pane (10), the reflective layer (9) being adapted to reflect the p-polarized light (7) of the light source (8), the reflective layer (9) being directly adjacent to the environment,

-the inner side surface (IV) of the inner glass plate (2) is the surface of the composite glass plate (10) closest to the light source (8) of p-polarized light (7),

-at least in a second sub-region (B) of the composite glass pane (10), at least one opaque coating (5) is arranged on the outer side surface (I) of the outer glass pane (1), on the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass pane (1), on the outer side surface (III) of the inner glass pane (2) and/or on the inner side surface (IV) of the inner glass pane (2), and the projection of the first sub-region (D) in the plane of the second sub-region (B) coincides at least partially with the second sub-region (B), and wherein,

-said reflective layer (9) comprises at least one silicon-based semiconductor layer (9.1).

2. The projection assembly (100) according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer (9) reflects at least 5%, preferably at least 6%, particularly preferably at least 10% of the p-polarized light (7) incident on the reflective layer (9) in the wavelength range from 450nm to 650 nm.

3. Projection assembly (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light source (8) of p-polarized light (7) is a display, preferably the light source (8) of p-polarized light (7) is an LCD display, an LED display, an OLED display, or an electroluminescent display, particularly preferably the light source (8) of p-polarized light (7) is an LCD display, and the p-polarized light (7) preferably irradiates the composite glass sheet (10) with an angle of incidence of 55 ° to 80 °, particularly preferably the p-polarized light (7) irradiates the composite glass sheet (10) with an angle of incidence of 62 ° to 77 °.

4. A projection assembly (100) according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the projection of the first sub-region (D) in the plane of the second sub-region (B) is entirely within the second sub-region (B).

5. The projection assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one opaque cover layer (5) is at least partially arranged in a circumferential edge region (R) of the composite glass sheet (10).

6. Projection assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one opaque cover layer (5) in the form of an opaque masking print is arranged on the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass plate (2) and/or on the outer side surface (III) of the inner glass plate (1).

7. Projection assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the silicon-based semiconductor layer (9.1) comprises at least 95wt% silicon and is doped with boron, titanium, zirconium and/or aluminum, preferably the silicon-based semiconductor layer (9.1) comprises at least 97wt% silicon and is doped with boron, titanium, zirconium and/or aluminum.

8. Projection assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon-based semiconductor layer (9.1) has a thickness of 10nm to 100nm, preferably the silicon-based semiconductor layer (9.1) has a thickness of 15nm to 70nm, particularly preferably the silicon-based semiconductor layer (9.1) has a thickness of 20nm to 50 nm.

9. The projection assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the reflective layer (9) comprises at least one dielectric layer (9.2), the dielectric layer (9.2) being placed over the silicon-based semiconductor layer (9.1).

10. Projection assembly according to claim 9, wherein the dielectric layer (9.2) is an optically high refractive index layer having a refractive index of more than 1.8, and the dielectric layer (9.2) preferably comprises silicon nitride, mixed silicon-metal nitride, aluminum nitride, tin oxide, niobium oxide, bismuth oxide, titanium oxide, mixed tin-zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, scandium oxide, tantalum oxide, lanthanum oxide, or cerium oxide, particularly preferably the dielectric layer (9.2) comprises silicon nitride, silicon-zirconium nitride, or titanium oxide.

11. Projection assembly (100) according to claim 10, wherein the thickness of the dielectric layer (9.2) is between 10nm and 150nm, preferably the thickness of the dielectric layer (9.2) is between 30nm and 100 nm.

12. The projection assembly (100) according to claim 9, wherein the dielectric layer (9.2) is an optical low refractive index layer having a refractive index of less than 1.6, and the dielectric layer (9.2) preferably comprises silicon oxide.

13. The projection assembly (100) according to claim 12, wherein the dielectric layer (9.2) has a thickness of 50nm to 200nm, preferably the dielectric layer (9.2) has a thickness of 100nm to 150 nm.

14. The projection assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the reflective coating (9) comprises an organic protective layer (9.3), the organic protective layer (9.3) being placed over the silicon-based semiconductor layer (9.1) or the dielectric layer (9.2) and directly adjacent to the environment.

15. A method for producing a projection assembly (100) according to any of claims 1 to 14, wherein,

a) Providing an outer glass pane (1), an inner glass pane (2) and a thermoplastic interlayer (3),

b) In at least one second sub-region (B), at least one opaque coating (5) is applied on the outer side surface (I) of the outer glass pane (1), on the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass pane (1), on the outer side surface (III) of the inner glass pane (2), and/or on the inner side surface (IV) of the inner glass pane (2),

c) Bringing together at least the inner glass sheet (2), the thermoplastic interlayer (3) and the outer glass sheet (1) in the order of the inner glass sheet (2), the thermoplastic interlayer (3) and the outer glass sheet (1) to form a layer stack,

d) Laminating the laminate of at least the inner glass sheet (2), the thermoplastic interlayer (3) and the outer glass sheet (1) to form a composite glass sheet (10),

e) Applying a reflective layer (9) to at least one first sub-region (D) of the inner side surface (IV) of the inner glass pane (2), and

f) Orienting a light source (8) of p-polarized light (7) relative to the composite glass sheet (10) such that the p-polarized light (7) of the light source (8) is capable of illuminating the reflective layer (9),

Wherein step e) can be performed before, during or after step a) to d), but if the inner side surface (IV) of the inner glass sheet (2) has an opaque coating (5) thereon, step e) is performed after the application of the opaque coating (5).