CN117313583A - Determination method for outburst prevention thickness and critical water pressure of tunnel excavation on fault upper disc - Google Patents
Determination method for outburst prevention thickness and critical water pressure of tunnel excavation on fault upper disc Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于隧道突水突泥破坏评价与防治技术领域，具体涉及一种断层上盘隧道开挖防突厚度与临界水压的确定方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of evaluation and prevention of water and mud inrush damage in tunnels, and specifically relates to a method for determining the anti-outburst thickness and critical water pressure of tunnel excavation in the hanging wall of a fault.
背景技术Background technique
断层是隧道与地下工程施工中经常遇到的不良地质，特别是断层破碎带。在富水或者水下断层破碎带施工，经常会发生突水突泥等灾害，对工程造成重大损失。因此，开展隧道断层突水研究具有十分重要的工程意义与科学价值。Faults are unfavorable geology often encountered in tunnel and underground engineering construction, especially fault fracture zones. When constructing in water-rich or underwater fault fracture zones, disasters such as water and mud bursts often occur, causing heavy losses to the project. Therefore, it is of great engineering significance and scientific value to carry out research on tunnel fault water inrush.
目前，对于如何确定隧道断层突水的防突厚度大多采用数值模拟或者经验公式，对于水下或者高压富水隧道断层防突厚度与临界水压研究的很少，既有文献与专利大多是分析具体断层隧道采取的措施，未能提供一种理论上的分析方法。At present, most numerical simulations or empirical formulas are used to determine the anti-intrusion thickness of tunnel fault water inrush. There are few studies on the anti-intrusion thickness and critical water pressure of underwater or high-pressure water-rich tunnels. Most of the existing literature and patents are analysis. The specific measures taken for fault tunnels fail to provide a theoretical analysis method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种断层上盘隧道开挖防突厚度与临界水压的确定方法。本发明可以判断隧道断层是否突水、防突厚度是否满足要求，并为注浆加固、泄水降压等治理措施提供理论依据，如高水压下，把水压降低到临界水压以下；或者注浆提高围岩自身强度，则可以有效避免突水的发生；同时本发明的方法可以确定不同断层倾角下上盘隧道开挖临界防突厚度以及临界水压。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the anti-outburst thickness and critical water pressure of tunnel excavation in the hanging wall of a fault. The invention can determine whether the tunnel fault has water inrush and whether the anti-outbreak thickness meets the requirements, and provides a theoretical basis for grouting reinforcement, water release and pressure reduction and other control measures, such as reducing the water pressure to below the critical water pressure under high water pressure; Or grouting can improve the strength of the surrounding rock itself, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of water inrush; at the same time, the method of the present invention can determine the critical outburst prevention thickness and critical water pressure for hanging wall tunnel excavation under different fault inclination angles.
本发明断层上盘隧道开挖防突厚度与临界水压的确定方法，包括如下顺序的步骤：The method for determining the anti-outburst thickness and critical water pressure of tunnel excavation in the hanging wall of a fault according to the present invention includes the following sequential steps:
(1)确定断层上盘隧道破坏面尺寸之间的几何关系如下：(1) The geometric relationship between the dimensions of the tunnel failure surface in the hanging wall of the fault is determined as follows:
； ;
； ;
； ;
； ;
； ;
； ;
； ;
式中：L OJ为O点与J点之间的长度；D为隧道开挖高度；φ为围岩内摩擦角；L KJ为K点与J点之间的长度，即防突厚度；L OE为O点与E点之间的长度；a为断层倾角；L JE为J点与E点之间的长度；L OF为O点与F点之间的长度；L JF为J点与F点之间的长度；L BE为B点与E点之间的长度；L AF为A点与F点之间的长度；In the formula: L OJ is the length between point O and point J; D is the tunnel excavation height; φ is the internal friction angle of the surrounding rock; L KJ is the length between point K and point J, which is the anti-outburst thickness; L OE is the length between point O and point E; a is the fault inclination angle; L JE is the length between point J and point E; L OF is the length between point O and point F; L JF is the length between point J and point F The length between points; L BE is the length between point B and point E; L AF is the length between point A and point F;
(2)断层水压力外力功率：(2) Fault water pressure external force power:
； ;
式中：W为断层水压力外力功率；P W为断层水压力；v 0为破裂面上的间断速度；In the formula: W is the fault water pressure external force power; P W is the fault water pressure; v 0 is the discontinuity velocity on the rupture surface;
(3)围岩内能耗散功率为：(3) The energy dissipation power in the surrounding rock is:
； ;
式中：ED为围岩内能耗散功率；c为围岩黏聚力；In the formula: E D is the internal energy dissipation power of the surrounding rock; c is the cohesion of the surrounding rock;
(4)由能量守恒原理，即断层水压力外力功率等于围岩内能耗散功率：(4) Based on the principle of energy conservation, that is, the external force power of fault water pressure is equal to the internal energy dissipation power of the surrounding rock:
； ;
； ;
； ;
(5)临界水头高度：(5) Critical head height:
； ;
式中：HW为临界水头高度；为水的重度。In the formula: H W is the critical water head height; is the weight of water.
本发明与现有技术和研究方法相比，具有如下的优点：Compared with existing technologies and research methods, the present invention has the following advantages:
目前对于如何确定隧道断层突水的防突厚度大多采用数值模拟或者经验公式，对于水下或者高压富水隧道断层防突厚度与临界水压研究的很少，既有文献与专利大多是分析具体断层隧道采取的措施，未能提供一种理论上的分析方法。At present, numerical simulation or empirical formulas are mostly used to determine the anti-outburst thickness of tunnel fault water inrush. There are few studies on the anti-outburst thickness and critical water pressure of underwater or high-pressure water-rich tunnels. Most of the existing literature and patents analyze specific The measures taken for fault tunnels fail to provide a theoretical analysis method.
本方法在断层倾角a与防突厚度L KJ已知的情况下，可以求得断层上盘隧道突水破坏时的临界断层水压力PW及其对应的临界水头高度HW；或在断层水压力PW与断层倾角a已知的情况下，可以反求得断层上盘隧道突水破坏时的临界防突厚度L KJ。并且可以确定不同断层倾角a下的上盘隧道开挖临界防突厚度以及临界水压。In this method, when the fault inclination angle a and the anti-outburst thickness L KJ are known, the critical fault water pressure P W and the corresponding critical water head height H W can be obtained when the tunnel in the hanging wall of the fault is damaged by water inrush; or when the fault water inrush occurs, When the pressure P W and the fault inclination angle a are known, the critical outburst prevention thickness L KJ when the tunnel in the hanging wall of the fault is damaged by water inrush can be calculated inversely. And the critical anti-outburst thickness and critical water pressure of hanging wall tunnel excavation under different fault inclination angles a can be determined.
本发明为确定断层上盘隧道开挖突水破坏时的防突厚度与临界水压提供了计算方法；据此可以判断隧道是否突水、防突厚度是否满足要求，并为泄水降压、注浆加固等治理措施提供理论依据，如高水压下，把水压降低到临界水压以下；或者注浆提高围岩自身强度，则可以有效避免突水的发生；同时本发明的方法可以确定不同断层倾角下上盘隧道开挖临界防突厚度以及临界水压。The present invention provides a calculation method for determining the anti-outburst thickness and critical water pressure when excavation of a tunnel on the hanging wall of a fault is damaged by water inrush; based on this, it can be judged whether the tunnel is intruded and whether the anti-outburst thickness meets the requirements, and it can be used to reduce water pressure, Treatment measures such as grouting reinforcement provide a theoretical basis. For example, under high water pressure, reducing the water pressure below the critical water pressure; or grouting to increase the strength of the surrounding rock itself can effectively avoid the occurrence of water inrush; at the same time, the method of the present invention can Determine the critical outburst prevention thickness and critical water pressure for hanging wall tunnel excavation under different fault inclination angles.
本发明的方法，亦可以应用于采矿巷道、水工隧洞等地下建筑结构的在富水断层处是否突水的判断、临界水压与临界防突厚度的确定等。The method of the present invention can also be used to determine whether water inrush occurs at water-rich faults in underground building structures such as mining tunnels and hydraulic tunnels, and to determine critical water pressure and critical outburst prevention thickness.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明方法的原理示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the method of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例的不同防突厚度与临界水压、临界水头高度的关系曲线图。Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between different anti-outbreak thicknesses and critical water pressure and critical water head height according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例不同断层倾角下的防突厚度与临界水头高度的关系曲线图。Figure 3 is a graph showing the relationship between outburst prevention thickness and critical hydraulic head height under different fault inclination angles according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图4是本发明实施例防突厚度为5m时断层倾角与临界水头高度的关系曲线图。Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the fault inclination angle and the critical water head height when the outburst prevention thickness is 5m according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图5是本发明实施例水头高度为30m时断层倾角与临界防突厚度的关系曲线图。Figure 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the fault inclination angle and the critical anti-outburst thickness when the water head height is 30m according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图中，D为隧道开挖高度；H为隧道埋深；φ为围岩内摩擦角；HW为临界水头高度；P W为断层水压力；a为断层倾角；v 0为破裂面上的间断速度。In the figure, D is the tunnel excavation height; H is the tunnel burial depth; φ is the internal friction angle of the surrounding rock; H W is the critical water head height; P W is the fault water pressure; a is the fault inclination angle; v 0 is the rupture surface Intermittent speed.
实施方式Implementation
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
参见图1，是本发明断层上盘隧道开挖防突厚度与临界水压的确定方法的原理示意图。Referring to Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of the principle of the method for determining the anti-outburst thickness and critical water pressure of tunnel excavation in the hanging wall of a fault according to the present invention.
首先，根据隧道工程概况、围岩等级、断层产状与水位等情况，获得相关参数，如上述中的围岩黏聚力c、围岩内摩擦角φ，隧道开挖高度D，断层倾角a，防突厚度L KJ等。First, based on the tunnel engineering overview, surrounding rock grade, fault occurrence and water level, relevant parameters are obtained, such as the surrounding rock cohesion c, the surrounding rock internal friction angle φ , the tunnel excavation height D, and the fault inclination angle a. , anti-outbreak thickness L KJ , etc.
具体计算步骤如下：The specific calculation steps are as follows:
第一步：确定断层上盘隧道破坏面尺寸之间的几何关系如下：Step 1: Determine the geometric relationship between the failure surface dimensions of the tunnel in the hanging wall of the fault as follows:
； ;
； ;
； ;
； ;
； ;
； ;
； ;
式中：L OJ为O点与J点之间的长度；D为隧道开挖高度；φ为围岩内摩擦角；L KJ为K点与J点之间的长度，即防突厚度；L OE为O点与E点之间的长度；a为断层倾角；L JE为J点与E点之间的长度；L OF为O点与F点之间的长度；L JF为J点与F点之间的长度；L BE为B点与E点之间的长度；L AF为A点与F点之间的长度；In the formula: L OJ is the length between point O and point J; D is the tunnel excavation height; φ is the internal friction angle of the surrounding rock; L KJ is the length between point K and point J, which is the anti-outburst thickness; L OE is the length between point O and point E; a is the fault inclination angle; L JE is the length between point J and point E; L OF is the length between point O and point F; L JF is the length between point J and point F The length between points; L BE is the length between point B and point E; L AF is the length between point A and point F;
第二步：断层水压力外力功率：Step 2: Fault water pressure external force power:
； ;
式中：W为断层水压力外力功率；P W为断层水压力；v 0为破裂面上的间断速度；In the formula: W is the fault water pressure external force power; P W is the fault water pressure; v 0 is the discontinuity velocity on the rupture surface;
第三步：围岩内能耗散功率为：Step 3: The energy dissipation power in the surrounding rock is:
； ;
式中：ED为围岩内能耗散功率；c为围岩黏聚力；In the formula: E D is the internal energy dissipation power of the surrounding rock; c is the cohesion of the surrounding rock;
第四步：由能量守恒原理，即断层水压力外力功率等于围岩内能耗散功率：Step 4: Based on the principle of energy conservation, that is, the external force power of fault water pressure is equal to the internal energy dissipation power of the surrounding rock:
； ;
； ;
； ;
第五步：临界水头高度：Step 5: Critical water head height:
； ;
式中：HW为临界水头高度；为水的重度。In the formula: H W is the critical water head height; is the weight of water.
上式是一个显式方程，对于围岩黏聚力c为100kPa，围岩内摩擦角φ为25º，隧道开挖高度D为7m，断层倾角a为60º，水的重度为10kN/m3，则根据上述步骤可以求得不同防突厚度下的临界水压及临界水头高度，如图2所示。进一步可以求得不同断层倾角下的防突厚度与临界水头高度，如图3所示。进一步可以求得防突厚度为5m时断层倾角与临界水头高度的关系，如图4所示。进一步可以求得水头高度为30m时，断层倾角与临界防突厚度的关系，如图5所示。从图中可以看出：随着防突厚度的增加，临界水压与临界水头高度都增大，且梯度越来越大；在一定水头高度下，随着断层倾角的增大，临界防突厚度逐渐减小；在一定防突厚度下，随着断层倾角的增大，临界水头高度逐渐增大。The above formula is an explicit equation. For the cohesion c of the surrounding rock is 100kPa, the internal friction angle φ of the surrounding rock is 25º, the tunnel excavation height D is 7m, the fault inclination angle a is 60º, the weight of the water is 10kN/m 3 , then the critical water pressure and critical water head height under different anti-outbreak thicknesses can be obtained according to the above steps, as shown in Figure 2. Further, the anti-outburst thickness and critical water head height under different fault dip angles can be obtained, as shown in Figure 3. Furthermore, the relationship between the fault inclination angle and the critical water head height can be obtained when the anti-outburst thickness is 5m, as shown in Figure 4. Furthermore, the relationship between the fault inclination angle and the critical anti-outburst thickness can be obtained when the water head height is 30m, as shown in Figure 5. It can be seen from the figure that as the anti-outburst thickness increases, both the critical water pressure and the critical water head height increase, and the gradient becomes larger and larger; at a certain water head height, as the fault inclination angle increases, the critical anti-outburst height increases. The thickness gradually decreases; under a certain anti-outburst thickness, as the fault dip angle increases, the critical hydraulic head height gradually increases.
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