CN117313292B - Method, system and equipment for configuring dynamic wireless charging system of electric bus - Google Patents

Method, system and equipment for configuring dynamic wireless charging system of electric bus Download PDF

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CN117313292B
CN117313292B CN202311558348.8A CN202311558348A CN117313292B CN 117313292 B CN117313292 B CN 117313292B CN 202311558348 A CN202311558348 A CN 202311558348A CN 117313292 B CN117313292 B CN 117313292B
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wireless charging
dynamic wireless
charging system
road
constraint
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CN117313292A (en
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夏方舟
杨洁
张浩钦
桑子夏
赵红生
叶高翔
邵非凡
彭君哲
王平凡
张焱哲
莫石
舒思睿
张震
郑子健
杨子立
彭文彦
李亚馨
康逸群
唐靖
徐敬友
周玉洁
陈可
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Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/32—Constructional details of charging stations by charging in short intervals along the itinerary, e.g. during short stops
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/18—Network design, e.g. design based on topological or interconnect aspects of utility systems, piping, heating ventilation air conditioning [HVAC] or cabling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/04—Constraint-based CAD
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/04—Power grid distribution networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/06—Power analysis or power optimisation

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

In the configuration method, the average residence time of the electric bus on each road section is calculated, then the calculation result is input into a dynamic wireless charging system optimizing configuration model to obtain a dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme, the configuration scheme comprises the site selection and the laying length of the dynamic wireless charging system, and the optimizing configuration model comprises an objective function and a dynamic wireless charging system constraint aiming at maximizing the economic benefit of the dynamic wireless charging service. The invention starts from increasing the average stay time of the electric bus on the road section paved with the dynamic wireless charging system as much as possible, and determines the site selection and paving length of the dynamic wireless charging system, thereby maximizing the utilization rate and economic benefit of the dynamic wireless charging system.

Description

Method, system and equipment for configuring dynamic wireless charging system of electric bus
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planning and operation of electric power-traffic coupling networks, and particularly relates to a method, a system and equipment for configuring a dynamic wireless charging system of an electric bus.
Background
At present, the electric bus is mainly supplemented with energy in a traditional wired charging mode, and the electric bus is required to stop for a long time in the mode, so that the service efficiency of the electric bus is reduced. Meanwhile, research has been proposed to use static wireless charging as a supplement to wired charging, namely, by using more than the static wireless charging system at the stop of the electric bus, the electric bus is supplemented during the stop period, so as to achieve the effect of range increase and reduce the dependence of the electric bus on wired charging. However, the static wireless charging can only charge when the electric bus stops still, the charging window is short, the range-increasing effect is limited, and the dynamic wireless charging system can greatly improve the problems, and allows the electric bus to perform on-the-way power supply at a relatively low running speed, so that the wireless charging time window is greatly increased, and the range-increasing effect is improved. However, the configuration cost of the dynamic wireless charging system is high, so that the economic benefit of the dynamic wireless charging system can be improved to the maximum extent by selecting where to lay and how long to lay the dynamic wireless charging system, which is a problem to be solved in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a method, a system and equipment for configuring a dynamic wireless charging system of an electric bus, which can maximize the utilization rate and economic benefit of the dynamic wireless charging system of the electric bus by considering traffic distribution of the electric bus in a lane.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
a method for configuring a dynamic wireless charging system of an electric bus, the method comprising:
step A, calculating to obtain the average residence time of the electric bus on each road section of each road;
and B, inputting the calculation result obtained in the step A into a pre-constructed dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model to obtain a dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme, wherein the dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model comprises an objective function and a dynamic wireless charging system constraint aiming at maximizing economic benefits of dynamic wireless charging service, and the dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme comprises site selection and laying length of a dynamic wireless charging system.
In the step B, the objective function of the optimal configuration model of the dynamic wireless charging system is as follows:
；
；
；
；
In the above-mentioned method, the step of,revenue for dynamic wireless charging services; />The operation cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; />The configuration cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; />Is the discount rate; />The service life of the dynamic wireless charging system is the unit of year; />Is the number of typical days in a year; />For road->The electric bus is at->The electric energy is supplemented by a dynamic wireless charging system at any moment; />A price per unit for the dynamic wireless charging service; />、/>Respectively is a road->A starting point and an ending point of the dynamic wireless charging system configured above; />The operation time of a typical daily dynamic wireless charging system is as follows; />The unit operation cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; />The cost is configured for a unit of the dynamic wireless charging system.
In the step B, the constraint of the dynamic wireless charging system comprises the constraint of the average stay time of the electric buses on road sections, the constraint of the total energy supplemented by the dynamic wireless charging of the electric buses in unit time, the constraint of the dynamic wireless charging behavior of the electric buses on roads, the constraint of the length of the dynamic wireless charging system, the constraint of the number and total length of the configured roads of the dynamic wireless charging system and the constraint of the coverage rate of dynamic wireless charging service;
Wherein, the average residence time constraint of the electric bus on the road section:
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,is an electric bus>Average residence time at the point; />、/>Respectively is an electric bus at ∈>Accumulated speed and accumulated number of places; />Paving the length for a unit of a dynamic wireless charging system;
the electric bus is constrained by the total energy which is supplemented by dynamic wireless charging in unit time:
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,for road->Go up->The number of electric buses capable of being dynamically and wirelessly charged at any time; />Rated output power for dynamic wireless charging;
dynamic wireless charging behavior constraint of the electric bus on a road:
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,representing road +.>Whether a decision variable of the dynamic wireless charging system is configured or not is set, if the decision variable is 1, the decision variable is set at the road +.>The dynamic wireless charging system is configured, otherwise, the dynamic wireless charging system is not configured; />Is big->A variable;
the dynamic wireless charging system length constraint:
；
the number of configuration roads and the total length constraint of the dynamic wireless charging system are as follows:
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,、/>the upper limit of the road number and the total length is respectively configured for the dynamic wireless charging system;
coverage constraints of the dynamic wireless charging service:
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,the coverage rate of the dynamic wireless charging system to the traffic flow of the electric buses is lower than the coverage rate; / >Is the total flow of the electric buses in the whole traffic network in a typical day.
In the step B, the dynamic wireless charging system optimization configuration model further includes a distribution network constraint, where the distribution network constraint includes a load factor constraint of a distribution transformer, a power flow constraint of a distribution network line, and a node voltage constraint of the distribution network;
wherein, the load factor constraint of the distribution transformer:
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,is->At the moment in the distribution network node->A distribution transformer load rate of dynamic wireless charging load access; />For distribution network node->Is>Is a matrix of coupling relationships; />Energy transfer efficiency for dynamic wireless charging;a power factor angle for dynamic wireless charging; />Is->At the moment in the distribution network node->The base load of the distribution transformer is connected to the position; />For distribution network node->Rated apparent power of the distribution transformer at; />、/>The lower limit and the upper limit of the load rate of the distribution transformer are respectively; />Is a unit time;
the power distribution network line tide constraint comprises the following steps:
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,for being in charge of the node of the power distribution network>Connected distribution network line->Apparent power on; />The apparent power upper limit of the distribution network line is set;
the node voltage constraint of the power distribution network comprises the following steps:
；
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of, 、/>Distribution network lines->Resistance, reactance of (a); />For distribution network lines->At->Voltage drop at time,/->、/>、/>Respectively are distribution network nodes->Node->Node->At->Bus voltage at moment; />Rated voltage is set for a bus of the power distribution network; />、/>The upper limit and the lower limit of the bus voltage of the distribution network are respectively set.
In the step a, the method for calculating the average residence time of the electric bus on each road section includes:
step 1, initializing parameters of a road vehicle dynamic distribution model, and randomly generating an initial queue in a road according to the proportion of an electric bus and a non-electric busThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the parameters include road length +.>Road speed limit->Distance of station from road origin +.>Electric bus duty ratio of all vehicles entering road>Possibility of lane change of non-electric buses ∈>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Said queue->Representation->Queue formed by all vehicles running in the road at the moment, queue +.>Middle vehicle->Information structure of (2)>Representing, the structure->Comprises->Vehicle speed at time->Vehicle position->Road selection variable->Driving state variable of electric bus +.>The vehicle position refers to the distance of the electric bus from the start of the road, the road selection variable +. >Refers to whether the vehicle is +.>The electric bus is changed from the road at the moment, and the driving state variable of the electric bus is +.>Refers to the fact that an electric bus does not arrive at a station, stops at the station or runs off the station;
step 2, according to the vehicle drivingUpdating the queue when the driving speed does not exceed the road speed limit constraint and the vehicle position does not exceed the road length constraintAll structures->；
Step 3, extracting the updated queueThe structural body of (a)>And judging the extracted structure +.>If the vehicle type is a non-electric bus, the step 4a is entered, and if the vehicle type is an electric bus, the step 4b is entered;
step 4a, according to the possibility of lane change of the non-electric busGenerating a road selection variable +.>And judges the generated road selection variable +.>If the channel is selected, the step 5a is carried out, otherwise, the step 5b is carried out;
step 4b, judging the running state variable of the electric busIf the electric bus does not reach the station, stops at the station or leaves the station, the step 5c is entered, if the electric bus does not reach the station, the step 5d is entered, and if the electric bus leaves the station, the step 5e is entered;
step 5a, slave queueMiddle knockout Structure- >Step 6 is entered;
step 5b, calculating the vehicle position and judging whether or notThe vehicle position at the moment is greater than or equal to the road end position, if so, from the queue +.>Middle knockout Structure->Then, the step 6 is carried out, if not, the step 6 is immediately carried out;
step 5c, calculating the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of not reaching the station, and entering step 6;
step 5d, calculating the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the stop state of the station, and entering step 6;
step 5e, calculating the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of leaving the station, and judging whether toThe vehicle position at the moment is greater than or equal to the road end position, if so, from the queue +.>Middle knockout Structure->Then, the step 6 is carried out, if not, the step 6 is immediately carried out;
step 6, judging whether the updated queue is updatedAll structures->The extraction is completed, if yes, the step 7 is entered, otherwise, the step 3 is returned;
step 7, according to the duty ratio of the electric buses in all vehicles entering the roadGenerate->Decision variable for the road vehicle at the moment +.>And judging the generated->Decision variable for the road vehicle at the moment +.>1, 2 or 3, if 1, is +.>The vehicle which is present at the road entrance at the moment is a non-electric bus, step 8a is entered, if 2, indicating +. >The vehicles at the road entrance at the moment enter the step 8b for the electric buses, if the vehicles are 3, the vehicles enter the road, and the step 8c is entered;
step 8a, generatingThe structural body corresponding to the non-electric bus which is present at the road entrance at the moment enters the step 9;
step 8b, generatingThe structure body corresponding to the electric bus which is at the road entrance at the moment enters the step 9;
step 8c, no vehicle enters the road, and step 9 is entered;
step 9, judgingWhether or not to reach the preset time +.>If yes, finishing the calculation, outputting the accumulated speed and the accumulated number of the electric buses on each road section, calculating according to the accumulated speed and the accumulated number of each road section to obtain the average residence time, and if not, stopping>And returning to the step 2 after the self-adding operation is completed.
In step 5b, the vehicle position is calculated according to the following formula:
；
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,is at->Time vehicle->Is>Is a distance of (2); />、/>Respectively->Time of day,Time of day vehicle->A location; />Is->Time of day vehicle->A location; />Is->Time vehicle->Distance of movement; />Respectively->Time vehicle->Is a function of the speed of the machine.
In the step 5c, the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of not reaching the station are calculated according to the following formulas:
；
；
；
；
；
；
；
In the above-mentioned method, the step of,the apparent power upper limit of the distribution network line is set; />、Respectively is an electric bus at the road section +.>Accumulated speed and accumulated number between;representing a composite assignment operator; />Representation->Time vehicle->Distance from station; />Is an electric busAverage travel speed between;
in the step 5d, the running speed of the vehicle is kept unchanged, and the vehicle position in the stop state of the station is calculated according to the following formula:
；
；
in the step 5e, the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of leaving the station are calculated according to the following formulas:
；
；
；
；
。
in the step 2, the road speed limit constraint:
；
the vehicle position constraint:
。
the configuration system comprises a residence time calculation module and an optimal configuration module;
the residence time calculation module is used for calculating the average residence time of the electric bus on each road section on the road and inputting the calculation result into the optimal configuration module;
the optimal configuration module is used for constructing a dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model, inputting a calculation result into the dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model to carry out simulation calculation to obtain a dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme, the dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model comprises an objective function and a dynamic wireless charging system constraint, wherein the objective function aims at maximizing economic benefits of dynamic wireless charging service, and the dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme comprises site selection and laying length of a dynamic wireless charging system.
The optimal configuration module is used for constructing the following dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model:
objective function:
；
；
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,revenue for dynamic wireless charging services;/>the operation cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; />The configuration cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; />Is the discount rate; />The service life of the dynamic wireless charging system is the unit of year; />Is the number of typical days in a year; />For road->The electric bus is at->The electric energy is supplemented by a dynamic wireless charging system at any moment; />A price per unit for the dynamic wireless charging service; />、/>Respectively is a road->A starting point and an ending point of the dynamic wireless charging system configured above; />The operation time of a typical daily dynamic wireless charging system is as follows; />The unit operation cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; />Configuring a cost for a unit of a dynamic wireless charging system;
the constraint conditions include: average stay time constraint of the electric buses on road sections, total energy constraint of the electric buses which are supplemented by dynamic wireless charging in unit time, dynamic wireless charging behavior constraint of the electric buses on roads, length constraint of dynamic wireless charging systems, configuration road number and total length constraint of the dynamic wireless charging systems and coverage rate constraint of dynamic wireless charging services;
Average residence time constraint of the electric bus on road sections:
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,is an electric bus>Average residence time at the point; />、/>Respectively is an electric bus at ∈>Accumulated speed and accumulated number of places; />Paving the length for a unit of a dynamic wireless charging system;
the electric bus is constrained by the total energy which is supplemented by dynamic wireless charging in unit time:
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,for road->Go up->The number of electric buses capable of being dynamically and wirelessly charged at any time; />Rated output power for dynamic wireless charging;
dynamic wireless charging behavior constraint of the electric bus on a road:
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,representing road +.>Whether a decision variable of the dynamic wireless charging system is configured or not is set, if the decision variable is 1, the decision variable is set at the road +.>The dynamic wireless charging system is configured, otherwise, the dynamic wireless charging system is not configured; />Is big->A variable;
the dynamic wireless charging system length constraint:
；
the number of configuration roads and the total length constraint of the dynamic wireless charging system are as follows:
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,、/>the upper limit of the road number and the total length is respectively configured for the dynamic wireless charging system;
coverage constraints of the dynamic wireless charging service:
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,the coverage rate of the dynamic wireless charging system to the traffic flow of the electric buses is lower than the coverage rate; / >Is the total flow of the electric buses in the whole traffic network in a typical day.
The stay time calculation module is used for calculating the average stay time of the electric bus on each road section according to the following method:
step 1, initializing parameters of a road vehicle dynamic distribution model, and randomly generating an initial queue in a road according to the proportion of an electric bus and a non-electric busThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the parameters include road length +.>Road speed limit->Distance of station from road origin +.>Electric bus duty ratio of all vehicles entering road>Possibility of lane change of non-electric buses ∈>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Said queue->Representation->Queue formed by all vehicles running in the road at the moment, queue +.>Middle vehicle->Information structure of (2)>Representing, the structure->Comprises->Vehicle speed at time->Vehicle position->Road selection variable->Driving state variable of electric bus +.>The vehicle position refers to the distance of the electric bus from the start of the road, the road selection variable +.>Refers to whether the vehicle is +.>The electric bus is changed from the road at the moment, and the driving state variable of the electric bus is +.>Refers to the fact that an electric bus does not arrive at a station, stops at the station or runs off the station;
Step 2, updating the queue according to the fact that the running speed of the vehicle does not exceed the road speed limit constraint and the vehicle position does not exceed the road length constraintAll structures->；
Step 3, extracting the updated queueThe structural body of (a)>And judging the extracted structure +.>If the vehicle type is a non-electric bus, the step 4a is entered, and if the vehicle type is an electric bus, the step 4b is entered;
step 4a, according toPossibility of lane change of non-electric busesGenerating a road selection variable +.>And judges the generated road selection variable +.>If the channel is selected, the step 5a is carried out, otherwise, the step 5b is carried out;
step 4b, judging the running state variable of the electric busIf the electric bus does not reach the station, stops at the station or leaves the station, the step 5c is entered, if the electric bus does not reach the station, the step 5d is entered, and if the electric bus leaves the station, the step 5e is entered;
step 5a, slave queueMiddle knockout Structure->Step 6 is entered;
step 5b, calculating the vehicle position and judging whether or notThe vehicle position at the moment is greater than or equal to the road end position, if so, from the queue +.>Middle knockout Structure- >Then, the step 6 is carried out, if not, the step 6 is immediately carried out;
step 5c, calculating the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of not reaching the station, and entering step 6;
step 5d, calculating the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the stop state of the station, and entering step 6;
step 5e, calculating the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of leaving the station, and judging whether toThe vehicle position at the moment is greater than or equal to the road end position, if so, from the queue +.>Middle knockout Structure->Then, the step 6 is carried out, if not, the step 6 is immediately carried out;
step 6, judging whether the updated queue is updatedAll structures->The extraction is completed, if yes, the step 7 is entered, otherwise, the step 3 is returned;
step 7, according to the duty ratio of the electric buses in all vehicles entering the roadGenerate->Decision variable for the road vehicle at the moment +.>And judging the generated->Decision variable for the road vehicle at the moment +.>1, 2 or 3, if 1, is +.>The vehicle which is present at the road entrance at the moment is a non-electric bus, step 8a is entered, if 2, indicating +.>The vehicles at the road entrance at the moment enter the step 8b for the electric buses, if the vehicles are 3, the vehicles enter the road, and the step 8c is entered;
Step 8a, generatingThe structural body corresponding to the non-electric bus which is present at the road entrance at the moment enters the step 9;
step 8b, generatingThe structure body corresponding to the electric bus which is at the road entrance at the moment enters the step 9;
step 8c, no vehicle enters the road, and step 9 is entered;
step 9, judgingWhether or not to reach the preset time +.>If yes, finishing the calculation, outputting the accumulated speed and the accumulated number of the electric buses on each road section, calculating according to the accumulated speed and the accumulated number of each road section to obtain the average residence time, and if not, stopping>And returning to the step 2 after the self-adding operation is completed.
In step 5b, the vehicle position is calculated according to the following formula:
；
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,is at->Time vehicle->Is>Is a distance of (2); />、/>Respectively->Time of day,Time of day vehicle->A location; />Is->Time of day vehicle->A location; />Is->Time vehicle->Distance of movement; />Respectively->Time vehicle->Is a function of the speed of the machine.
In the step 5c, the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of not reaching the station are calculated according to the following formulas:
；
；
；
；
；
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,for distributing powerAn apparent upper power limit for the network line; />、Respectively is an electric bus at the road section +.>Accumulated speed and accumulated number between; Representing a composite assignment operator; />Representation->Time vehicle->Distance from station; />Is an electric busAverage travel speed between;
in the step 5d, the running speed of the vehicle is kept unchanged, and the vehicle position in the stop state of the station is calculated according to the following formula:
；
；
in the step 5e, the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of leaving the station are calculated according to the following formulas:
；
；
；
；
。
in the step 2, the road speed limit constraint:
；
the vehicle position constraint:
。
an electric bus dynamic wireless charging system configuration device, the control device comprising a processor and a memory;
the memory is used for storing computer program codes and transmitting the computer program codes to the processor;
the processor is used for executing the method for configuring the dynamic wireless charging system of the electric bus according to the instructions in the computer program codes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to a configuration method of a dynamic wireless charging system of an electric bus, which comprises the steps of firstly calculating to obtain the average residence time of the electric bus on each road section, then inputting a calculation result into a dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model to solve to obtain a dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme, wherein the configuration scheme comprises the address selection and the laying length of the dynamic wireless charging system, and the dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model comprises an objective function aiming at maximizing the economic benefit of dynamic wireless charging service and dynamic wireless charging system constraint; the design firstly calculates the average residence time of the electric buses on each road section, and determines the address selection and the laying length of the dynamic wireless charging system from the average residence time of the electric buses on the road section paved with the dynamic wireless charging system as much as possible, thereby maximizing the utilization rate and the economic benefit of the dynamic wireless charging system. Therefore, the invention maximizes the utilization rate and economic benefit of the dynamic wireless charging system by describing the traffic distribution of the electric buses in the lanes.
2. In the configuration method of the dynamic wireless charging system of the electric bus, the traffic distribution building road vehicle dynamic distribution model also comprises distribution network constraints, wherein the distribution network constraints comprise load rate constraints of a distribution transformer, power flow constraints of a distribution network line and node voltage constraints of the distribution network; because the voltage level of the dynamic wireless charging load connected to the power grid is low and the power is relatively large, the influence of the connection of the dynamic wireless charging load to the low-voltage direct-current power distribution network needs to be considered, and the power grid operation safety during the connection of the dynamic wireless charging load can be ensured by setting the constraint. Thus, the method is applicable to a variety of applications. The invention considers the influence of dynamic wireless charging load access on the low-voltage direct-current power distribution network, and has high system operation safety.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric bus dynamic wireless charging system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a road vehicle dynamic distribution model in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for calculating average time of each road section of the electric bus in embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is a topology structure diagram of a 14-node power distribution network-28-node traffic network in embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 is a configuration position of a dynamic wireless charging system in a 14-node power distribution network-28-node traffic network in embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram of the structure of embodiment 2.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of the structure of embodiment 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the power distribution network supplies power to the dynamic wireless charging system through a converter, and the power distribution network transmits electric energy to a receiving coil in the electric bus running on the ground in an alternating electromagnetic field mode so as to charge a battery pack carried in the bus; according to the optimization objective of the invention, traffic participants in a road can be divided into two major categories, namely an electric bus and a non-electric bus, wherein the non-electric bus comprises all motor vehicles except the electric bus, the average running speed of the electric bus on each section of the road can obviously influence the average stay time of the electric bus on the section, and if a dynamic wireless charging system of the electric bus is paved at the section, the average stay time is a dynamic wireless charging time window; in order to increase the time window of dynamic wireless charging, the economical efficiency of the dynamic wireless charging system is improved to the greatest extent, and the configuration of the dynamic wireless charging system at a position with lower running speed and the increase of unit laying length are required to be considered; therefore, the traffic distribution of the electric buses in the lanes needs to be dynamically described, and behaviors such as variable speed driving, parking and lane changing of the vehicles in the roads are considered, so that the configuration scheme of the dynamic wireless charging system is optimized according to the behavior.
Example 1:
the configuration method of the dynamic wireless charging system of the electric bus comprises the following steps:
step A, referring to FIG. 2, a road vehicle dynamic distribution model is built according to traffic distribution of an electric bus group in a road, and referring to FIG. 3, average residence time of the electric bus on each road section is calculated based on the road vehicle dynamic distribution model; the calculation method of the residence time of the electric bus on each road section of each road is sequentially carried out according to the following steps:
step 1, initializing parameters of a road vehicle dynamic distribution model, and randomly generating an initial queue in a road according to the proportion of an electric bus and a non-electric busThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the parameters include road length +.>Road speed limit->Distance of station from road origin +.>Electric bus duty ratio of all vehicles entering road>Possibility of lane change of non-electric buses ∈>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Said queue->Representation->Queue formed by all vehicles running in the road at the moment, queue +.>Middle vehicle->Information structure of (2)>Representing, the structure->Comprises->Vehicle speed at time->Vehicle position- >Road selection variable->Driving state variable of electric bus +.>The vehicle position refers to the distance of the electric bus from the start of the road, the road selection variable +.>Refers to whether the vehicle is +.>The electric bus is changed from the road at the moment, and the driving state variable of the electric bus is +.>Refers to the fact that an electric bus does not arrive at a station, stops at the station or runs off the station;
step 2, updating the queue according to the fact that the running speed of the vehicle does not exceed the road speed limit constraint and the vehicle position does not exceed the road length constraintAll structures->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, the road speed limit constraint:
；
the vehicle position constraint:
；
step 3, extracting the updated queueThe structural body of (a)>And judging the extracted structure +.>If the vehicle type is a non-electric bus, the step 4a is entered, and if the vehicle type is an electric bus, the step 4b is entered;
step 4a, according to the possibility of lane change of the non-electric busGenerating a road selection variable +.>And judges the generated road selection variable +.>If the channel is selected, the step 5a is carried out, otherwise, the step 5b is carried out;
step 4b, judging the running state variable of the electric busIf the electric bus does not reach the station, stops at the station or leaves the station, the step 5c is entered, if the electric bus does not reach the station, the step 5d is entered, and if the electric bus leaves the station, the step 5e is entered;
Step 5a, slave queueMiddle knockout Structure->Step 6 is entered;
step 5b, firstly, calculating the vehicle position according to the following formula:
；
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,is at->Time vehicle->Is>Is a distance of (2); />、/>Respectively->Time of day,Time of day vehicle->A location; />Is->Time of day vehicle->A location; />Is->Time vehicle->Distance of movement; />Respectively->Time vehicle->Is a speed of (2);
then judge whether or notVehicle position>Is greater than or equal to the road end position +.>If yes, then from queue->Middle knockout Structure->Then, the step 6 is carried out, if not, the step 6 is immediately carried out;
step 5c, calculating the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of not reaching the station according to the following formula, and entering step 6:
；
；/>
；
；
；
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,is the station position; />、/>Respectively is an electric bus at the road section +.>Accumulated speed and accumulated number between; />Representing a composite assignment operator; />Representation ofTime vehicle->Distance from station; />Is an electric bus>A travel speed therebetween;
step 5d, the running speed of the vehicle is kept unchanged, and the vehicle position in the stop state of the station is calculated according to the following formula:
；
；
step 5e, calculating the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of leaving the station according to the following formulas:
；
；
；
；
；
Then judge whether or notVehicle position>Is greater than or equal to the road end position +.>If yes, then from queue->Middle knockout Structure->Then, the step 6 is carried out, if not, the step 6 is immediately carried out;
step 6, judging whether the updated queue is updatedAll structures->The extraction is completed, if yes, the step 7 is entered, otherwise, the step 3 is returned;
step 7, according to the duty ratio of the electric buses in all vehicles entering the roadGenerate->Decision variable for the road vehicle at the moment +.>And judging the generated->Decision variable for the road vehicle at the moment +.>1, 2 or 3, if 1, is +.>The vehicle which is present at the road entrance at the moment is a non-electric bus, step 8a is entered, if 2, indicating +.>The vehicles at the road entrance at the moment enter the step 8b for the electric buses, if the vehicles are 3, the vehicles enter the road, and the step 8c is entered;
step 8a, generatingStructure corresponding to non-electric bus which appears at road entrance at moment +.>Structure->For the next round of computation, +.>Refers to->Step 9 is entered by the length of the vehicle queue already in the road at the moment;
step 8b, generatingStructure corresponding to electric bus at road entrance >Structure->For the next round of computation, +.>Refers to->Step 9 is entered by the length of the vehicle queue already in the road at the moment;
step 8c, no vehicle enters the road, and step 9 is entered;
step 9, judgingWhether or not to reach the preset time +.>If yes, finishing the calculation, outputting the accumulated speed and the accumulated number of the electric buses on each road section, calculating according to the accumulated speed and the accumulated number of each road section to obtain the average residence time, and if not, stopping>Returning to the step 2 after finishing the self-adding operation;
b, inputting the calculation result obtained in the step A into a pre-constructed dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model to obtain a dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme, wherein the dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme comprises the site selection and the laying length of a dynamic wireless charging system, the dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model comprises an objective function aiming at maximizing the economic benefit of dynamic wireless charging service, and the constraint of the dynamic wireless charging system and the constraint of a power distribution network, and the objective function is as follows:
；
；
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,revenue for dynamic wireless charging services; />The operation cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; />The configuration cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; / >Is the discount rate; />The service life of the dynamic wireless charging system is the unit of year; />Is the number of typical days in a year; />For road->The electric bus is at->The electric energy is supplemented by a dynamic wireless charging system at any moment; />A price per unit for the dynamic wireless charging service; />、/>Respectively is a road->A starting point and an ending point of the dynamic wireless charging system configured above; />The operation time of a typical daily dynamic wireless charging system is as follows; />The unit operation cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; />The cost is configured for a unit of the dynamic wireless charging system.
The dynamic wireless charging system constraint comprises an average stay time constraint of the electric bus on a road section, a total energy constraint of the electric bus which is supplemented by dynamic wireless charging in unit time, a dynamic wireless charging behavior constraint of the electric bus on a road, a length constraint of the dynamic wireless charging system, a configuration road number and total length constraint of the dynamic wireless charging system and a coverage rate constraint of dynamic wireless charging service, wherein the average stay time constraint of the electric bus on the road section is as follows:
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,is an electric bus>Average residence time at the point; / >、/>Respectively is an electric bus at ∈>Accumulated speed and accumulated number of places; />Paving the length for a unit of a dynamic wireless charging system;
the total energy constraint of the electric bus which is supplemented by dynamic wireless charging in unit time is as follows:
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,for road->Go up->The number of electric buses capable of being dynamically and wirelessly charged at any time; />Rated output power for dynamic wireless charging;
dynamic wireless charging behavior constraint of the electric bus on a road is as follows:
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,representing road +.>Whether a decision variable of the dynamic wireless charging system is configured or not is set, if the decision variable is 1, the decision variable is set at the road +.>The dynamic wireless charging system is configured, otherwise, the dynamic wireless charging system is not configured; />Is big->A variable;
the length constraint of the dynamic wireless charging system is as follows:
；
the number and total length constraint of the configuration roads of the dynamic wireless charging system are as follows:
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,、/>the upper limit of the road number and the total length is respectively configured for the dynamic wireless charging system;
coverage rate constraint of the dynamic wireless charging service is as follows:
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,the coverage rate of the dynamic wireless charging system to the traffic flow of the electric buses is lower than the coverage rate; />The total flow of the electric buses in the whole traffic network in a typical day;
The distribution network constraint comprises a load rate constraint of a distribution transformer, a distribution network line tide constraint and a distribution network node voltage constraint, and the load rate constraint of the distribution transformer is as follows:
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,is->At the moment in the distribution network node->A distribution transformer load rate of dynamic wireless charging load access; />For distribution network node->Is>Is a matrix of coupling relationships; />Energy transfer efficiency for dynamic wireless charging;a power factor angle for dynamic wireless charging; />Is->At the moment in the distribution network node->The base load of the distribution transformer is connected to the position; />For distribution network node->Rated apparent power of the distribution transformer at; />、/>The lower limit and the upper limit of the load rate of the distribution transformer are respectively; />Is a unit time;
the power distribution network line tide constraint is as follows:
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,for being in charge of the node of the power distribution network>Connected distribution network line->Apparent power on; />The apparent power upper limit of the distribution network line is set;
the node voltage constraint of the power distribution network is as follows:
；
；
；
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,、/>distribution network lines->Resistance, reactance of (a); />For distribution network lines->At->A voltage drop at time; />、/>、/>Respectively are distribution network nodes->Node->Node->At->Bus voltage at moment; / >Rated voltage is set for a bus of the power distribution network; />、/>The upper limit and the lower limit of the bus voltage of the power distribution network are respectively set;
according to the configuration method of the dynamic wireless charging system of the electric bus, the road sections with lower running speed and longer charging time window are found out by analyzing the running speed of the electric bus on each road section, and a road vehicle dynamic distribution model is established on the basis of the road sections, and the road vehicle dynamic distribution model considers the influence on a power grid caused by the fact that dynamic wireless charging loads are connected to the power grid while considering the traffic distribution of the electric bus on the road.
Performance test:
in order to verify the effectiveness of the configuration method of the dynamic wireless charging system of the electric bus, the configuration method and the comparison scheme (a large number of dynamic wireless charging systems are intensively paved on a plurality of roads with the denser traffic flow of the electric bus to capture the charging demand of the electric bus to the greatest extent) described in the embodiment are respectively adopted for a 14-node power distribution network-28-node traffic network on a MATLAB/CPLEX platform, the topology structure of the 14-node power distribution network-28-node traffic network is shown as a figure 4, and P, T in the figure respectively represents power distribution network nodes and traffic network nodes; the parameters of the road vehicle dynamic distribution model in the configuration method are set as follows: setting the planning period to be 10 years, setting the typical number of days in one year to be 365 days, setting the operation time in one typical day to be 14 hours, and limiting the speed of the road Electric bus duty ratio of 50km/h in all vehicles entering the road>Possibility of lane change of non-electric bus of 0.05 +.>The discount rate is 0.2->0.05, road lengthDegree->Distance of 2km, station from the road origin +.>The coverage rate of the dynamic wireless charging system to the traffic flow of the electric buses is 100%, the unit price of the dynamic wireless charging service is 1 yuan/kWh, the rated power of the dynamic wireless charging is 60kW, and the energy transmission efficiency and the power factor of the dynamic wireless charging system are respectively 0.8 and 0.95; the configuration unit price and annual operation cost unit price of the dynamic wireless charging system are respectively 0.65 ten thousand yuan per 10 meters and 0.1 ten thousand yuan per 10 meters, and the rated bus voltage and the upper and lower limits of the voltage of the power distribution network are respectively 10kV, 10.5kV and 9.5kV; the number of bus lines is 3, and the paths of the 3 bus lines are shown in table 1:
1 3 bus route
1. The configuration schemes of the dynamic wireless charging system obtained by the configuration method and the comparison scheme in the operation embodiment are shown in table 2 and table 3, and in the configuration scheme of the dynamic wireless charging system obtained by the configuration method in the embodiment, the configuration positions of the dynamic wireless charging system on the 14-node power distribution network-28-node traffic network are shown in fig. 5:
Table 2 dynamic wireless charging system addressing
TABLE 3 dynamic Wireless charging System lay Length
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, compared with the comparative scheme in which the dynamic wireless charging systems of the electric buses are arranged on the T8-T11 and the T11-T14 in a centralized manner, the arrangement method according to the embodiment of the invention enables the dynamic wireless charging systems of the electric buses to be more distributed in the areas with lower average speeds of the electric buses on each road according to the dynamic distribution condition of the electric buses on the roads, thereby increasing the time window in which dynamic wireless charging can be performed;
2. the dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme obtained by the configuration method and the comparison scheme in the embodiment is compared in various economic indexes, and the comparison result is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 economic indicators
As can be seen from table 4, in the case where the annual configuration cost and the annual operation cost of the comparative scheme are higher than those of the configuration method described in the examples, the annual revenue of the dynamic wireless charging service of the comparative scheme is rather lower than those of the configuration method described in the examples, specifically, the configuration method described in the examples is reduced by 24.88% than those of the comparative scheme, while the annual revenue of the dynamic wireless charging service is increased by 22.61%, and the annual profit of the dynamic wireless charging service is increased by 39.98%.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 6, an electric bus dynamic wireless charging system configuration system comprises a residence time calculation module and an optimal configuration module; the residence time calculation module is used for calculating the average residence time of the electric bus on each road section and inputting the calculation result into the optimal configuration module, and the module specifically executes the step A in the embodiment 1; the optimal configuration module is used for inputting a calculation result into a pre-constructed dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model, and obtaining a dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme through simulation calculation and solving, the dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model comprises an objective function and dynamic wireless charging system constraint aiming at maximizing economic benefits of dynamic wireless charging service, the dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme comprises address selection and laying length of a dynamic wireless charging system, and the module specifically executes the step B in the embodiment 1.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 7, an electric bus dynamic wireless charging system configuration device includes a processor and a memory;
the memory is used for storing computer program codes and transmitting the computer program codes to the processor;
The processor is used for executing the method for configuring the dynamic wireless charging system of the electric bus according to the instructions in the computer program codes.
A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor implements the aforementioned method of configuring an electric bus dynamic wireless charging system.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein. The solutions in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented in various computer languages, for example, object-oriented programming language Java, and an transliterated scripting language JavaScript, etc.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.

Claims (7)

1. A method for configuring a dynamic wireless charging system of an electric bus is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the configuration method comprises the following steps:
step A, calculating to obtain the average residence time of the electric buses on each road section;
b, inputting the calculation result obtained in the step A into a pre-constructed dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model to obtain a dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme, wherein the dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model comprises an objective function and a dynamic wireless charging system constraint aiming at maximizing economic benefits of dynamic wireless charging service, and the dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme comprises address selection and laying length of a dynamic wireless charging system;
in the step B, the objective function of the optimal configuration model of the dynamic wireless charging system is as follows:
max F＝I-C R -α(1+α) γ C D /[(1+α) γ -1]；
in the above formula, I is the income of the dynamic wireless charging service; c (C) R The operation cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; c (C) D The configuration cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; alpha is the discount rate; gamma is the operation life of the dynamic wireless charging system, and the unit is year; t (T) D Is the number of typical days in a year; e (E) k，t The electric energy is supplemented to the electric buses on the road k at the time t through the dynamic wireless charging system; PR (PR) S A price per unit for the dynamic wireless charging service; dx (dx) k 、dy k Respectively a starting point and an ending point of a dynamic wireless charging system configured on a road k; t (T) O The operation time of a typical daily dynamic wireless charging system is as follows; PR (PR) O The unit operation cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; PR (PR) DW Configuring a cost for a unit of a dynamic wireless charging system;
in the step B, the constraint of the dynamic wireless charging system comprises the constraint of the average stay time of the electric buses on road sections, the constraint of the total energy supplemented by the dynamic wireless charging of the electric buses in unit time, the constraint of the dynamic wireless charging behavior of the electric buses on roads, the constraint of the length of the dynamic wireless charging system, the constraint of the number and total length of the configured roads of the dynamic wireless charging system and the constraint of the coverage rate of dynamic wireless charging service;
wherein, the average residence time constraint of the electric bus on the road section:
in the above, ta k，dm Average residence time at dm for the electric bus; va (va) k，dm 、na k，dm Respectively the accumulated speed and the accumulated number of the electric buses at dm; Δd is the unit laying length of the dynamic wireless charging system;
the electric bus is constrained by the total energy which is supplemented by dynamic wireless charging in unit time:
In the above, nb k，t The number of the electric buses which can be dynamically and wirelessly charged at the moment t on the road k; p (P) DW Rated output power for dynamic wireless charging;
dynamic wireless charging behavior constraint of the electric bus on a road:
in the above, MD k The decision variable which indicates whether the dynamic wireless charging system is configured on the road k is represented, if the decision variable is 1, the dynamic wireless charging system is configured on the road k, otherwise, the decision variable is not configured; delta M Is a large M variable;
the dynamic wireless charging system length constraint:
the number of configuration roads and the total length constraint of the dynamic wireless charging system are as follows:
in the above, κ is a 、κ l The upper limit of the road number and the total length is respectively configured for the dynamic wireless charging system;
coverage constraints of the dynamic wireless charging service:
in the above, sigma d The coverage rate of the dynamic wireless charging system to the traffic flow of the electric buses is lower than the coverage rate; nt is the total flow of electric buses in the whole traffic network in a typical day.
2. The method for configuring the dynamic wireless charging system of the electric bus according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step B, the dynamic wireless charging system optimization configuration model further includes a distribution network constraint, where the distribution network constraint includes a load factor constraint of a distribution transformer, a power flow constraint of a distribution network line, and a node voltage constraint of the distribution network;
Wherein, the load factor constraint of the distribution transformer:
in the above, eta t，e The load rate of a distribution transformer which is accessed to a dynamic wireless charging load at a node e of the distribution network at the moment t; epsilon ke The coupling relation matrix is the coupling relation matrix of the power distribution network node e and the road k; lambda (lambda) D Energy transfer efficiency for dynamic wireless charging; θ D A power factor angle for dynamic wireless charging;accessing a basic load of a distribution transformer at a node e of the distribution network at the moment t; />Rated apparent power for a distribution transformer at distribution network node e; η (eta) m 、η M The lower limit and the upper limit of the load rate of the distribution transformer are respectively; Δt is unit time;
the power distribution network line tide constraint comprises the following steps:
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,is the apparent power on the distribution network line w connected to the distribution network node e; s is S m The apparent power upper limit of the distribution network line is set;
the node voltage constraint of the power distribution network comprises the following steps:
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,the resistance and reactance of the power distribution network line w are respectively; deltaU t，w The voltage drop of the power distribution network line w at the time t is obtained; u (U) t，a 、U t，b 、U t，e Bus voltages of a power distribution network node a, a node b and a node e at a time t are respectively; u (U) N Rated voltage is set for a bus of the power distribution network; u (U) m 、U M The upper limit and the lower limit of the bus voltage of the distribution network are respectively set.
3. The method for configuring the dynamic wireless charging system of the electric bus according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
In the step A, the calculation method of the average residence time of the electric bus on each road section comprises the following steps:
step 1, initializing parameters of a road vehicle dynamic distribution model, and randomly generating an initial queue Q in a road according to the proportion of an electric bus and a non-electric bus t The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the parameters comprise the road length L and the road speed limit v M Distance LS of station from road start point, duty ratio omega of electric buses in all vehicles entering road v Possibility omega of lane change of non-electric buses c The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The queue Q t A queue Q representing a queue formed by all vehicles traveling on the road at time t t Information structure C of vehicle n t，n Representing the structure C t，n Vehicle travel speed v including time t t，n Vehicle position d t，n Road selection variable lambda t，n Electric busRunning state variableThe vehicle position refers to the distance from the electric bus to the road start point, and the road selection variable lambda t，n Means whether the vehicle is changing lane off the road at time t, the driving state variable of said electric bus +.>Refers to the fact that an electric bus does not arrive at a station, stops at the station or runs off the station;
step 2, updating the queue Q according to the fact that the running speed of the vehicle does not exceed the road speed limit constraint and the vehicle position does not exceed the road length constraint t All structures C t，n ；
Step 3, extracting the updated queue Q t Structure C of (a) t，n And judging the extracted structure C t，n If the vehicle type is a non-electric bus, the step 4a is entered, and if the vehicle type is an electric bus, the step 4b is entered;
step 4a, according to the possibility omega of lane change of the non-electric bus c Generating a road selection variable lambda t，n And judges the generated road selection variable lambda t，n If the channel is selected, the step 5a is carried out, otherwise, the step 5b is carried out;
step 4b, judging the running state variable of the electric busIf the electric bus does not reach the station, stops at the station or leaves the station, the step 5c is entered, if the electric bus does not reach the station, the step 5d is entered, and if the electric bus leaves the station, the step 5e is entered;
step 5a, slave queue Q t Middle removing structure C t，n Step 6 is entered;
step 5b, calculating the vehicle position, and judging whether the vehicle position at the time t+1 is greater than or equal to the roadRoad end position, if yes, slave queue Q t Middle removing structure C t，n Then, the step 6 is carried out, if not, the step 6 is immediately carried out;
step 5c, calculating the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of not reaching the station, and entering step 6;
Step 5d, calculating the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the stop state of the station, and entering step 6;
step 5e, calculating the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of leaving the station, judging whether the vehicle position at the time t+1 is greater than or equal to the road end position, if so, queuing Q t Middle removing structure C t，n Then, the step 6 is carried out, if not, the step 6 is immediately carried out;
step 6, judging whether the updated queue Q t All structures C in (3) t，n The extraction is completed, if yes, the step 7 is entered, otherwise, the step 3 is returned;
step 7, according to the duty ratio omega of the electric buses in all vehicles entering the road v Generating a decision variable i of a vehicle entering the road at the moment t, judging whether the generated decision variable i of the vehicle entering the road at the moment t is 1, 2 or 3, if 1, indicating that the vehicle at the entrance of the road at the moment t is a non-electric bus, entering the step 8a, if 2, indicating that the vehicle at the entrance of the road at the moment t is an electric bus, entering the step 8b, if 3, indicating that no vehicle enters the road, and entering the step 8c;
step 8a, generating a structural body corresponding to the non-electric bus at the road entrance at the moment t, and entering step 9;
Step 8b, generating a structure body corresponding to the electric bus at the road entrance at the moment t, and entering step 9;
step 8c, no vehicle enters the road, and step 9 is entered;
and 9, judging whether t reaches a preset time tx, if so, ending calculation, outputting the accumulated speed and the accumulated number of the electric buses on each road section, calculating according to the accumulated speed and the accumulated number of each road section to obtain average residence time, and if not, returning to the step 2 after the self-addition operation of t is finished.
4. A method for configuring a dynamic wireless charging system for an electric bus according to claim 3, wherein:
in step 5b, the vehicle position is calculated according to the following formula:
in the above, b t，n Is the distance between the vehicle n and the vehicle n-1 at the time t; d, d t，n 、d t+1，n The vehicle n position at the time t and the time t+1 respectively; d, d t，n-1 The position of the vehicle n-1 at the time t; Δd t，n The distance of the vehicle n moving at the moment t; v t，n-1 The speeds of the vehicle n-1 at the time t, respectively.
5. The method for configuring the dynamic wireless charging system of the electric bus according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step 5c, the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of not reaching the station are calculated according to the following formulas:
In the above formula, LC is the station position; va (d) t，n ：d t+1，n )、na(d t，n ：d t+1，n ) Respectively electric buses are on road section d t，n ～d t+1，n Accumulated speed and accumulated number between; ++ = denotes complex assignment operator; s is S t，n The distance from the vehicle n to the station at the moment t is shown; v t，n D is the electric bus t，n ～d t+1，n Average travel speed between;
in the step 5d, the running speed of the vehicle is kept unchanged, and the vehicle position in the stop state of the station is calculated according to the following formula:
v t，n ＝0；
in the step 5e, the vehicle position and the vehicle running speed in the state of leaving the station are calculated according to the following formulas:
6. an electric bus dynamic wireless charging system configuration system is characterized in that:
the configuration system comprises a residence time calculation module and an optimal configuration module;
the residence time calculation module is used for calculating the average residence time of the electric bus on each road section on the road and inputting the calculation result into the optimal configuration module;
the optimal configuration module is used for constructing a dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model, inputting a calculation result into the dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model to carry out simulation calculation to obtain a dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme, the dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model comprises an objective function and a dynamic wireless charging system constraint, wherein the objective function aims at maximizing economic benefits of dynamic wireless charging service, and the dynamic wireless charging system configuration scheme comprises site selection and laying length of a dynamic wireless charging system;
The optimal configuration module is used for constructing the following dynamic wireless charging system optimal configuration model:
objective function:
max F＝I-C R -α(1+α) γ C D /[(1+α) γ -1]；
in the above formula, I is the income of the dynamic wireless charging service; c (C) R The operation cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; c (C) D The configuration cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; alpha is the discount rate; gamma is the operation life of the dynamic wireless charging system, and the unit is year; t (T) D Is the number of typical days in a year; e (E) k，t The electric energy is supplemented to the electric buses on the road k at the time t through the dynamic wireless charging system; PR (PR) S A price per unit for the dynamic wireless charging service; dx (dx) k 、dy k Respectively a starting point and an ending point of a dynamic wireless charging system configured on a road k; t (T) O The operation time of a typical daily dynamic wireless charging system is as follows; PR (PR) O The unit operation cost of the dynamic wireless charging system; PR (PR) DW Configuring a cost for a unit of a dynamic wireless charging system;
the constraint conditions include: average stay time constraint of the electric buses on road sections, total energy constraint of the electric buses which are supplemented by dynamic wireless charging in unit time, dynamic wireless charging behavior constraint of the electric buses on roads, length constraint of dynamic wireless charging systems, configuration road number and total length constraint of the dynamic wireless charging systems and coverage rate constraint of dynamic wireless charging services;
Average residence time constraint of the electric bus on road sections:
in the above, ta k，dm Average residence time at dm for the electric bus; va (va) k，dm 、na k，dm Respectively the accumulated speed and the accumulated number of the electric buses at dm; Δd is the unit laying length of the dynamic wireless charging system;
the electric bus is constrained by the total energy which is supplemented by dynamic wireless charging in unit time:
in the above, nb k，t The number of the electric buses which can be dynamically and wirelessly charged at the moment t on the road k; p (P) DW Rated output power for dynamic wireless charging;
dynamic wireless charging behavior constraint of the electric bus on a road:
in the above, MD k The decision variable which indicates whether the dynamic wireless charging system is configured on the road k is represented, if the decision variable is 1, the dynamic wireless charging system is configured on the road k, otherwise, the decision variable is not configured; delta M Is a large M variable;
the dynamic wireless charging system length constraint:
the number of configuration roads and the total length constraint of the dynamic wireless charging system are as follows:
in the above, κ is a 、κ l The upper limit of the road number and the total length is respectively configured for the dynamic wireless charging system;
coverage constraints of the dynamic wireless charging service:
in the above, sigma d The coverage rate of the dynamic wireless charging system to the traffic flow of the electric buses is lower than the coverage rate; nt is the total flow of electric buses in the whole traffic network in a typical day.
7. An electric bus dynamic wireless charging system configuration device is characterized in that:
the configuration device includes a processor and a memory;
the memory is used for storing computer program codes and transmitting the computer program codes to the processor;
the processor is configured to execute the electric bus dynamic wireless charging system configuration method according to any one of claims 1-5 according to instructions in the computer program code.
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