CN117307191B - Rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system, method and monitoring system - Google Patents
Rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system, method and monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117307191B CN117307191B CN202311598095.7A CN202311598095A CN117307191B CN 117307191 B CN117307191 B CN 117307191B CN 202311598095 A CN202311598095 A CN 202311598095A CN 117307191 B CN117307191 B CN 117307191B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/05—Lining with building materials using compressible insertions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
- E21D11/22—Clamps or other yieldable means for interconnecting adjacent arch members either rigidly, or allowing arch member parts to slide when subjected to excessive pressure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/28—Longitudinal struts, i.e. longitudinal connections between adjoining arches
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering support, and discloses an anchor-frame-charging coupling support system, an anchor-frame-charging coupling method and a monitoring system for rock burst roadway. The rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system comprises an anchor injection support assembly, at least two O-shaped steel sheds, an energy absorption buffer layer and an anti-impact structural layer; the anchor injection supporting component is arranged in a surrounding rock breaking zone outside the roadway; the O-shaped steel sheds are arranged in the roadway at intervals along the axial direction of the roadway and are arranged with surrounding rocks at intervals to form a reserved space; the energy absorption buffer layer is arranged in the reserved space and paved on one side surface of the O-shaped steel shed facing the surrounding rock; the anti-impact structural layer is filled between the energy absorption buffer layer and the surrounding rock, and the material of the anti-impact structural layer comprises porous high-toughness concrete; and the top, the two sides and the bottom of the anti-impact structural layer are respectively provided with a filling drilling hole, and the filling drilling holes are used for filling cement slurry or chemical slurry into the anti-impact structural layer. Solves the problem of insufficient prevention and control of roadway rock burst by the supporting structure in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering support, in particular to an anchor-frame-charging coupling support system, an anchor-frame-charging coupling support method and a monitoring system for rock burst roadway.
Background
Along with the gradual change of coal resource exploitation in China from shallow part to deep part, the ground stress is increased along with the increase of the burial depth, and the deep mine generally has obvious impact tendency under the action of high ground stress. Under the impact event, the bearing capacity of the anchoring bearing structure is weakened gradually, and the tunnel gradually generates damage deformation such as roof sinking, two sides moving closer to each other, bottom bulging and the like. In the roadway stoping process, the roadway is influenced by high mining stress and strong impact load, the roadway damage range is further increased, the damage range reaches more than 4m, and the deformation damage of the rock burst roadway cannot be effectively controlled by simply supporting the anchor rod and the anchor cable. Therefore, how to prevent and control roadway rock burst is a problem which is continuously solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system, a rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support method and a rock burst roadway monitoring system, which are used for solving the problem of insufficient control of rock burst of a roadway in the prior art.
The first aspect of the invention provides a rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system comprising:
the anchor injection supporting component is arranged in a surrounding rock breaking zone outside the roadway;
the O-shaped steel sheds are arranged in the roadway at intervals along the axial direction of the roadway and are arranged with the surrounding rock at intervals to form a reserved space, and the O-shaped steel sheds can stretch out and draw back along the circumferential direction;
the energy absorption buffer layer is arranged in the reserved space and paved on one side surface of the O-shaped steel shed, which faces the surrounding rock;
the anti-impact structural layer is filled between the energy absorption buffer layer and the surrounding rock, and the material of the anti-impact structural layer comprises porous high-toughness concrete;
and the top, the two sides and the bottom of the anti-impact structural layer are respectively provided with a filling drilling hole, and the filling drilling holes are used for filling cement slurry or chemical slurry into the anti-impact structural layer.
According to the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system provided by the invention, the anchor injection support assembly comprises:
grouting anchor rods are arranged at intervals at the shallow parts of the crushing belts, grouting materials are injected into the grouting anchor rods, and the crushing belts at the shallow parts are repaired;
grouting anchor cable, the interval set up in the deep of broken area, grouting anchor cable intussuseption is annotated have grouting material to the deep broken area is restoreed.
According to the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system provided by the invention, the O-shaped steel shed comprises:
the steel structural members are spliced and enclosed to form an O shape;
and the at least two first connecting pieces are connected with two adjacent steel structural members and are used for adjusting the perimeter of the O-shaped steel shed.
According to the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system provided by the invention, the energy absorption buffer layer comprises:
the elastic piece is paved on one side surface of the O-shaped steel shed, which faces the surrounding rock;
and the reinforcing piece is arranged in the elastic piece.
According to the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system provided by the invention, the porous high-toughness concrete comprises cement, stones, sand, fibers, aggregate, concrete additive and foaming agent; the aggregate comprises lightweight aggregate or/and expanded perlite; the weight of the fiber accounts for 2% -8% of the total weight.
According to the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system provided by the invention, the weight ratio of cement to sand to aggregate to water is 1:2.5:2.5:0.45 to 0.55.
According to the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system provided by the invention, the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system further comprises:
and the at least two connecting components are connected with two adjacent O-shaped steel sheds.
According to the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system provided by the invention, the connecting assembly comprises:
and two ends of the viscous damper are respectively connected with two adjacent O-shaped steel sheds in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
The second aspect of the invention provides a roadway support method for erecting any of the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support systems described above, the method comprising:
supporting the broken belt of the surrounding rock of the roadway by adopting an anchor injection supporting component;
o-shaped steel sheds are arranged in the roadway at intervals along the axial direction, a reserved space is formed between the O-shaped steel sheds and surrounding rocks, and the O-shaped steel sheds can stretch out and draw back along the circumferential direction;
an energy absorption buffer layer is arranged on one side surface of the O-shaped steel canopy facing the surrounding rock;
filling an anti-impact structural layer between the energy absorption buffer layer and the surrounding rock, wherein the material of the anti-impact structural layer comprises porous high-toughness concrete;
and (3) respectively drilling complementary injection holes at the top, the two sides and the bottom of the anti-impact structural layer, and grouting cement slurry into the complementary injection holes.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a monitoring system for monitoring a rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system as defined in any one of the preceding claims, comprising:
the first force measuring module is arranged on the anchor injection supporting component and used for testing the stress of the anchor injection supporting component;
the second force measuring module is arranged in the middle of the anti-impact structural layer and is used for testing the stress of the top end, the two sides and the bottom end of the anti-impact structural layer;
the third force measuring module is arranged between the O-shaped steel shed and the energy absorption buffer layer and is used for testing the stress of the top end, the two sides and the bottom end of the O-shaped steel shed;
the displacement monitoring module is arranged outside the roadway and used for monitoring deformation and displacement of the full section of the roadway;
and the terminal is electrically connected with the first force measuring module, the second force measuring module, the third force measuring module and the displacement monitoring module.
The invention provides an anchor-frame-charging coupling support system and method for a rock burst roadway and a monitoring system. The anchor injection supporting component is arranged on the surrounding rock breaking belt, so that the breaking belt can be supported; the O-shaped steel sheds are arranged in the roadway and axially along the roadway at intervals, so that the internal support of the roadway can be realized, and the energy absorbing capacity of the O-shaped steel sheds can be improved because the O-shaped steel sheds can stretch out and draw back along the circumferential direction, so that the support capacity of the whole rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system is improved; the O-shaped steel shed and the surrounding rock are arranged at intervals to form a reserved space, and an energy absorption buffer layer and an anti-impact structural layer are arranged in the reserved space, so that the energy absorption buffer layer can play a role in absorbing energy and buffering, and meanwhile plays a role in separating the anti-impact structural layer, so that the material of the anti-impact structural layer is prevented from leaking outwards; because the material of the anti-impact structural layer comprises porous high-toughness concrete, the anti-impact structural layer is internally provided with a hole structure, and when the anti-impact structural layer is subjected to strong impact, the holes of the anti-impact structural layer have the function of absorbing energy, so that the impact resistance of the whole rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system is improved. The top, the two sides and the bottom of the anti-impact structural layer are respectively provided with the filling drilling holes, and cement slurry is filled into the anti-impact structural layer through the filling drilling holes, so that cracks between the anti-impact structural layer and surrounding rock are further filled densely, the anti-impact structural layer is integrated, the anchor injection supporting component, the O-shaped steel shed and the anti-impact structural layer are favorably exerted to be coupled, the anchor injection supporting component, the O-shaped steel shed and the anti-impact structural layer exert a cooperative supporting effect, and the problem that in the prior art, the rock burst prevention and control of a roadway are insufficient is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charge coupled support system provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an O-shaped steel canopy of the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first connector of an O-shaped steel canopy of the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 4A;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a connection assembly of the rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a gradient diagram of the roadway surrounding rock structure of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic flow chart of the roadway support method provided by the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring system according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a distribution structure of the monitoring system in the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system.
Reference numerals:
1. surrounding rock;
10. an anchor injection support assembly; 11. grouting an anchor rod; 12. grouting an anchor cable;
20. o-shaped steel shed; 21. a steel structural member; 22. a first connector; 221. a first clip; 2211. a serration part; 222. a second clip; 223. a bolt; 224. a nut; 225. an elastic part;
30. an energy absorbing buffer layer; 31. an elastic member; 32. a reinforcing member;
40. an impact resistant structural layer;
50. a connection assembly;
60. a bottom plate;
100. a first force measuring module; 110. an anchor rod force measuring unit; 120. an anchor cable force measuring unit;
200. a third force measuring module;
300. and the displacement monitoring module.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in embodiments of the present invention will be understood in detail by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly specified and limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" on a second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
The rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-7. Wherein, figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system provided by the invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charge coupled support system provided by the invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an O-shaped steel canopy of the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system provided by the invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first connector of an O-shaped steel canopy of the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system provided by the invention; FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 4A; FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a connection assembly of the rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system provided by the present invention; fig. 7 is a gradient diagram of the roadway surrounding rock structure of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charge coupled support system. The rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system comprises an anchor injection support assembly 10, at least two O-shaped steel sheds 20, an energy absorption buffer layer 30 and an anti-impact structural layer 40; the anchor injection supporting component 10 is arranged in a surrounding rock 1 breaking zone outside the roadway; the O-shaped steel sheds 20 are arranged in the roadway at intervals along the axial direction of the roadway and are arranged with the surrounding rock 1 at intervals to form a reserved space, and the O-shaped steel sheds 20 can stretch and retract along the circumferential direction; the energy absorption buffer layer 30 is arranged in the reserved space and paved on one side surface of the O-shaped steel canopy 20 facing the surrounding rock 1; the anti-impact structural layer 40 is filled between the energy absorption buffer layer 30 and the surrounding rock 1, and the material of the anti-impact structural layer 40 comprises porous high-toughness concrete; the top, both sides and bottom of the impact protection structure layer 40 are respectively provided with complementary injection holes for supplementing cement slurry or chemical slurry to the impact protection structure layer 40.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the support of the fractured zone can be achieved by arranging the anchor injection support assembly 10 on the fractured zone of the surrounding rock 1; the O-shaped steel sheds 20 are arranged in the roadway at intervals along the axial direction of the roadway, so that the internal support of the roadway can be realized, and the energy absorption capacity of the O-shaped steel sheds 20 can be improved because the O-shaped steel sheds 20 can stretch out and draw back along the circumferential direction, so that the support capacity of the whole rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system is improved; the O-shaped steel shed 20 and the surrounding rock 1 are arranged at intervals to form a reserved space, and the energy absorption buffer layer 30 and the anti-impact structural layer 40 are arranged in the reserved space, so that the energy absorption buffer layer 30 can play a role in absorbing energy and buffering, and meanwhile plays a role in separating the anti-impact structural layer 40, so that the material of the anti-impact structural layer 40 is prevented from leaking outwards; because the material of the anti-impact structural layer 40 comprises porous high-toughness concrete, the anti-impact structural layer 40 has a hole structure, and when the anti-impact structural layer 40 is subjected to strong impact, the holes of the anti-impact structural layer 40 have the function of absorbing energy, so that the impact resistance of the whole rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system is improved. The top, the two sides and the bottom of the anti-impact structural layer 40 are respectively provided with the filling drilling holes, and cement slurry or chemical slurry is filled into the anti-impact structural layer 40 through the filling drilling holes, so that cracks between the anti-impact structural layer 40 and the surrounding rock 1 are further filled densely, the anti-impact structural layer 40 forms a whole, the coupling effect of the anchor injection supporting component 10, the O-shaped steel canopy 20 and the anti-impact structural layer 40 is brought into play, the cooperative supporting effect of the anchor injection supporting component, the O-shaped steel canopy 20 and the anti-impact structural layer 40 is brought into play, and the problem that the rock burst prevention and control of a roadway in the prior art are insufficient is solved.
In some embodiments, a bottom plate 60 is laid on the bottom of the O-steel shelter 20 for personnel to pass through.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the anchor grouting support assembly 10 comprises a grouting anchor rod 11 and a grouting anchor cable 12; grouting anchor rods 11 are arranged at intervals at the shallow parts of the crushing belts, grouting materials are injected into the grouting anchor rods 11, and the crushing belts at the shallow parts are repaired; grouting anchor cables 12 are arranged at intervals at the deep part of the crushing belt, and grouting materials are injected into the grouting anchor cables 12 so as to repair the deep crushing belt. The shallow part of the crushing belt is supported by arranging a grouting anchor rod 11 at the shallow part of the crushing belt; the deep part of the crushing belt is supported by arranging grouting anchor cables 12 at the deep part of the crushing belt; grouting materials are injected into the crushing belt through the grouting anchor rods 11 and the grouting anchor cables 12, so that the crushing belt is repaired, the integrity of the crushed surrounding rock 1 is recovered, the strength is improved, and the self-bearing capacity and the impact resistance of the surrounding rock 1 are improved.
In some embodiments, the grouting anchor 11 has a strength greater than 700MPa, an elongation greater than 30% and an impact resistance of 50000J/m. The grouting anchor cable 12 has the strength of more than 1860MPa, the elongation rate of more than 10 percent and the impact resistance of 60000J/m. The grouting anchor rods 11 and the grouting anchor cables 12 are made of supporting materials with high impact resistance, the torque of the grouting anchor rods 11 is larger than 400N.m, and the pretightening force of the grouting anchor cables 12 is larger than 300kN.
As shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the O-steel shelter 20 includes at least two steel structural members 21 and at least two first connecting members 22; the steel structural members 21 are spliced and enclosed to form an O shape; the first connecting piece 22 is connected to two adjacent steel structural members 21 for adjusting the circumference of the O-steel shelter 20. The first connecting piece 22 is used for adjusting the circumference of the O-shaped steel shed 20, so that the energy absorbing capacity of the O-shaped steel shed 20 can be improved, and the supporting capacity of the whole rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling supporting system is further improved.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in some embodiments, the first connector 22 includes a cable; the cable includes a first clip 221, a second clip 222, a bolt 223, a nut 224, and an elastic portion 225; the two ends of the first clamp 221 are respectively provided with a first threaded hole, and the two ends of the second clamp 222 are respectively provided with a second threaded hole; the bolts 223 are inserted into the first and second screw holes, and the first and second clips 221 and 222 are connected together by the fit nuts 224 to form an accommodating space for accommodating the steel structural member 21; the elastic part 225 is located outside the accommodating space and is arranged between the second clamp 222 and the nut 224, and plays a role of fixedly connecting the first clamp 221 and the second clamp 222 together with the nut 224, and meanwhile, when the impact load is received, the spring structure also has certain elastic energy absorbing capacity; the side of the first clip 221 facing the second clip 222 is formed with a serration 2211, and the serration 2211 is used to abut against the steel structural member 21. The sawtooth portion 2211 can keep the stress stability of the steel structure, when the stress is larger than the critical stress value of the sawtooth portion 2211, the sawtooth portion 2211 collapses, the containing space is increased, and the O-shaped steel canopy 20 can shrink and absorb energy.
It will be appreciated that two adjacent steel structural members 21 overlap each other to form an overlap.
In some embodiments, the overlap is provided with 3 cable torques 400 N.m.
In some embodiments, two adjacent steel structural members 21 overlap each other by 500mm.
In some embodiments, the teeth of the serrations 2211 are 5mm in height and 10mm apart.
In the embodiment of the invention, the steel structural member 21 comprises 36U-shaped steel, the 36U-shaped steel is processed into a curve and then processed into a round shape, and the round structure is better stressed.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, according to the static load and the dynamic load carried by the roadway, the method comprises the following steps ofThe minimum supporting strength of the O-shaped steel shed is calculated according to the following formula。
Wherein the method comprises the steps ofIs 0 type steel canopy minimum support intensity +.>The destruction coefficient of rock burst refers to the ratio of the maximum acceleration of particles to the acceleration of gravity during the occurrence of rock burst, the value of which depends on the rock burst grade,/or%>In order to achieve a density of the surrounding rock,，/>acceleration of gravity, ++>，/>Longitudinal wave velocity, m/s, < ->For the particle vibration period (usually taking the dominant period, usually taking 0.5 s), +.>Is the surrounding rock Poisson's ratio->Is the side pressure coefficient>，/>Is the burial depth, m, & lt & gt of the roadway>，For the axial force of the anchor rod (cable), kN, < ->Is the distance between anchor rods, m->And m is the row spacing of the anchor rods.
Wherein,and->For the load transfer coefficient of the multilayer ring system, the calculation formula is as follows:
can be calculated by the above formula、/>、/>、/>、/>And->。
In the method, in the process of the invention,is the>Material constant of the ring layer, +.>；/>In order to achieve a shear modulus ratio,，/>is the>Shear modulus of the annular layer +.>Is the>Radius ratio of the annular layer +.>；/>；/>，/>，/>Coefficient related to the radius of the circle, +.>，/>，/>，，/>，/>，/>，，/>，/>。
As shown in fig. 7, the supporting strength of each layer is different from the center of the O-steel shelter toward the original rock layer.
As shown in FIG. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, energy absorbing layer 30 includes an elastic member 31 and a reinforcement member 32; the elastic piece 31 is laid on one side surface of the O-shaped steel canopy 20 facing the surrounding rock 1; the reinforcement 32 is disposed within the elastic member 31. By disposing the reinforcing member 32 inside the elastic member 31, the strength of the elastic member 31 is increased; the elastic member 31 and the reinforcing member 32 play a role in energy absorption and buffering, and after receiving a strong impact load, the energy absorption buffer layer 30 has a certain energy absorption capacity, and meanwhile, plays a role in blocking the filling material, so that the filling material is prevented from leaking outwards.
In some embodiments, energy absorbing buffer layer 30 has a thickness of 10mm, an elastic modulus of 5000kPa, and a strength of 80MPa.
In some embodiments, the elastic member 31 comprises a rubber plate; the stiffener 32 comprises a steel mesh.
In particular embodiments of the invention, the porous high-toughness concrete comprises cement, stone, sand, fiber, aggregate, concrete admixture, and foaming agent; the aggregate comprises lightweight aggregate or/and expanded perlite; the weight of the fiber accounts for 2% -8% of the total weight. The internal holes of the concrete can effectively absorb the capability of the impact process, and the fibers can improve the strength and toughness of the concrete, so that the impact resistance of the concrete is improved, and the aggregate can collapse to serve as a hole structure when being subjected to impact acting force, so that the energy absorption effect is realized.
In some embodiments, the foaming agent is an inorganic foaming agent with better foaming effect.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of cement, sand, aggregate, and water is 1:2.5:2.5:0.45 to 0.55.
In some embodiments, the fibers include, but are not limited to, steel fibers or carbon fibers. The compressive strength of the fiber is 50-100 MPa, the tensile strength is 10-30 MPa, and the breaking energy is 5000-40000N/m. When subjected to impact load, the fiber can stretch to absorb energy and has high cracking resistance.
As shown in fig. 6, in an embodiment of the present invention, the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charge coupled support system further comprises at least two connection assemblies 50; the connection assembly 50 is connected with two adjacent O-shaped steel sheds 20 to prevent the O-shaped steel sheds 20 from toppling over under impact.
In some embodiments, the connection assembly 50 includes a viscous damper; the two ends of the viscous damper are respectively connected with two adjacent O-shaped steel sheds 20 in a one-to-one correspondence. The damping critical value of the viscous damper is determined according to the force applied to the underground actual O-shaped steel canopy 20, and the sliding pressure yielding and energy absorbing of the structure are realized through the piston structure.
As shown in fig. 8, another aspect of the present invention provides a roadway support method for erecting the rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system of any of the above embodiments.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the roadway support method includes:
and S100, supporting the broken belt of the roadway surrounding rock 1 by adopting the anchor injection supporting component 10.
In some embodiments, the bolting assembly 10 is used to support a fractured zone of roadway surrounding rock 1, further comprising:
s110, determining a high stress area and a breaking area of the roadway surrounding rock 1.
Holes are drilled around the roadway, the diameter of the holes is 75mm, the depth of the holes is 20m, and 1 hole is drilled on the top, two sides and the bottom plate 60 of the roadway. Arranging an acoustic wave probe in a drill hole, testing from the bottom of the drill hole, testing a point every 20cm, testing acoustic wave speeds of different deep surrounding rocks 1, determining a high-speed area and a low-speed area through testing, and determining a high-stress area and a broken belt around a roadway according to the relation between the acoustic wave and the intensity and stress of the surrounding rocks 1.
And S120, carrying out pressure relief treatment on the high-stress area and carrying out support treatment on the broken belt.
And (3) drilling pressure relief holes around the roadway, performing targeted treatment on a high-stress area by adopting a large-diameter drilling and deep hole blasting pressure relief method according to the test result, wherein the diameter of the large-diameter drilling is 100-300mm, the weight of blasting explosive is 3.5-50kg, and determining the targeted pressure relief treatment degree according to the stress concentration degree and the range. The stress level of the high-stress zone after the targeting treatment is reduced to be below a critical value, and then the sound wave probe is adopted for detection after the targeting treatment, and the detection flow is shown in figure 7. If the temperature is not reduced to the critical value, the secondary treatment is performed. Grouting anchor rods 11 and grouting anchor ropes 12 are arranged on a roadway surrounding rock 1 crushing zone in a beating mode, the grouting anchor rods 11 are mainly used for treating shallow crushing zones, the grouting anchor ropes 12 are used for treating deep crushing zones, the strength of the grouting anchor rods 11 is greater than 700MPa, the elongation is greater than 30%, the impact resistance is 50000J/m, the strength of the grouting anchor ropes 12 is greater than 1860MPa, the elongation is greater than 10%, the impact resistance is 60000J/m, the anchor rods and the anchor ropes are high impact resistance supporting materials, the anchor rod torque is greater than 400N.m, and the anchor rope pretightening force is greater than 300kN. After the support is completed, grouting is carried out on the grouting anchor rods 11 and the grouting anchor cables 12, inorganic grouting materials or organic polymer grouting materials with nano-level particle sizes are adopted as grouting materials, and the broken surrounding rock 1 is repaired through grouting, so that the broken surrounding rock 1 is restored to be integral, the strength is improved, and the self-bearing capacity and the impact resistance of the surrounding rock 1 are improved.
S200, O-shaped steel sheds 20 are arranged in the roadway along the axial direction at intervals, a reserved space is formed between each O-shaped steel shed 20 and the surrounding rock 1, and each O-shaped steel shed 20 can stretch out and draw back along the circumferential direction.
The minimum supporting strength of the required O-shaped steel shed is determined before the O-shaped steel shed is arranged in the roadwayAs shown in fig. 8.
Wherein the method comprises the steps ofIs 0 type steel canopy minimum support intensity +.>The destruction coefficient of rock burst refers to the ratio of the maximum acceleration of particles to the acceleration of gravity during the occurrence of rock burst, the value of which depends on the rock burst grade,/or%>For the density of surrounding rock>，Acceleration of gravity, ++>，/>Longitudinal wave velocity, m/s, < ->For the particle vibration period (usually taking the dominant period, usually taking 0.5 s), +.>Is the surrounding rock Poisson's ratio->Is the side pressure coefficient>，/>Is the burial depth, m, & lt & gt of the roadway>，/>For the axial force of the anchor rod (cable), kN, < ->Is the distance between anchor rods, m->And m is the row spacing of the anchor rods.
Wherein,and->For the load transfer coefficient of the multilayer ring system, the calculation formula is as follows:
can be calculated by the above formula、/>、/>、/>、/>And->。
In the method, in the process of the invention,is the>Material constant of the ring layer, +.>；/>In order to achieve a shear modulus ratio,，/>is the>Shear modulus of the annular layer +.>Is the>Radius ratio of the annular layer +.>；/>；/>，/>，Is a coefficient related to the radius of the circle, +.>，/>，，/>，/>，/>，，/>，/>。
After the minimum supporting strength of the O-shaped steel shed is determined, designing the size of the O-shaped steel shed according to the section size of the roadway, wherein the O-shaped steel shed size is required to ensure that a reserved space of 200 mm-300 mm is reserved between the O-shaped steel shed and surrounding rock of the roadway; then, O-shaped steel sheds are arranged in the roadway at intervals along the axial direction of the roadway.
The O-shaped steel shed is formed by processing 36U-shaped steel, each frame is 4 sections, the joints are overlapped by 500mm, the joints are connected by clamping cables, and the sliding telescopic structure is designed at the joint of the clamping cables, so that the steel shed can be ensured to have certain contractile deformation under static load and dynamic load, 3 clamping cables are arranged at each joint, and the torque of the clamping cables is 400 N.m.
And finally, adopting a viscous damper to fix the adjacent O-shaped steel sheds, and preventing the steel sheds from toppling under impact.
S300, arranging an energy absorption buffer layer 30 on one side surface of the O-shaped steel canopy 20 facing the surrounding rock 1; the thickness of the energy absorption buffer layer 30 is 10mm, the elastic modulus of the energy absorption buffer layer 30 is 5000kPa, the strength is 80MPa, the energy absorption buffer layer 30 mainly plays a role in energy absorption buffer, and after receiving a strong impact load, the energy absorption buffer layer 30 has a certain energy absorption capacity, and meanwhile, plays a role in blocking a filling material, so that the filling material is prevented from leaking outwards.
S400, filling an anti-impact structural layer 40 between the energy absorption buffer layer 30 and the surrounding rock 1, wherein the material of the anti-impact structural layer 40 comprises porous high-toughness concrete. The porous high-toughness concrete comprises cement, cobble, sand, fiber, aggregate, concrete admixture and foaming agent. The aggregate is selected from lightweight aggregate or expanded perlite with the size of 5 mm-20 mm, and the foaming agent is selected from inorganic foaming agent with good foaming effect. And (3) cement: sand: aggregate: water = 1:2.5:2.5:0.45 to 0.55. The porous high-strength and high-toughness concrete structure has high strength, the inner holes of the concrete can effectively absorb the capability of the concrete in the impact process, and the fibers can improve the strength and toughness of the concrete, so that the impact resistance of the concrete is improved. The compressive strength of the fiber is 50-100 MPa, the tensile strength is 10-30 MPa, and the breaking energy is 5000-40000N/m. When subjected to impact load, the fiber can stretch to absorb energy and has high cracking resistance.
S500, respectively drilling complementary injection holes at the top, two sides and the bottom of the anti-impact structural layer 40, and grouting cement slurry into the complementary injection holes.
In order to avoid the uncompacted filling materials between the steel shed and the surrounding rock 1 of the roadway, after filling, 1 filling drilling hole is drilled on the top, two sides and the bottom plate 60 of the filling structure, the depth of the filling drilling hole exceeds 10.5m of the actual surrounding rock of the roadway, the row spacing is 3m, cement slurry grouting or chemical slurry grouting is carried out on the filling drilling hole, and gaps between the filling structure and the surrounding rock 1 are further filled and compacted through grouting, so that the filling structure forms a whole, the coupling effect of the anchoring structure, the steel shed structure and the filling structure is favorably exerted, and the 3 persons exert the cooperative supporting effect.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, a third aspect of the present invention provides a monitoring system for monitoring a rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system of any of the above embodiments.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring system comprises a first force measuring module 100, a second force measuring module, a third force measuring module 200, a displacement monitoring module 300 and a terminal; the first force measuring module 100 is mounted on the anchor injection support assembly 10 and is used for testing the stress of the anchor injection support assembly 10; the second force measuring module is arranged in the middle of the anti-impact structure layer 40 and is used for testing the stress of the top, the two sides and the bottom of the anti-impact structure layer 40; the third force measuring module 200 is arranged between the O-shaped steel shed 20 and the energy absorption buffer layer 30 and is used for testing the stress of the top end, the two sides and the bottom end of the O-shaped steel shed 20; the displacement monitoring module 300 is arranged outside the roadway and is used for monitoring deformation and displacement of the full section of the roadway; the terminals are electrically connected with the first force measuring module 100, the second force measuring module, the third force measuring module 200 and the displacement monitoring module 300. The whole rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system is monitored through a terminal to evaluate the support effect of the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling support system.
In some embodiments, the first force module 100 includes a bolt force cell 110 and a cable force cell 120; the anchor rod force measuring unit 110 is arranged on the grouting anchor rod 11 and is used for detecting the stress of the grouting anchor rod 11; the anchor cable force measuring unit 120 is disposed on the grouting anchor cable 12 and is used for detecting the stress of the grouting anchor cable 12.
In some embodiments, the anchor rod force measuring unit 110 and the anchor cable force measuring unit 120 are installed in a full-face manner by using a high acquisition frequency dynamometer with an acquisition frequency of 1000Hz.
In some embodiments, the second force module comprises a first pressure cell, a second pressure cell, a third pressure cell, and a fourth pressure cell; the first pressure box, the second pressure box, the third pressure box and the fourth pressure box are respectively arranged at the top end, the left side, the right side and the bottom end of the middle part of the anti-impact structure layer 40 in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the first pressure cell is used for detecting the stress magnitude of the top end of the middle part of the anti-impact structural layer 40, the second pressure cell is used for detecting the stress magnitude of the left side of the middle part of the anti-impact structural layer 40, the third pressure cell is used for detecting the stress magnitude of the right side of the middle part of the anti-impact structural layer 40, and the fourth pressure cell is used for detecting the stress magnitude of the bottom end of the middle part of the anti-impact structural layer 40.
In some embodiments, the first pressure cell, the second pressure cell, the third pressure cell and the fourth pressure cell have the same acquisition frequency, preferably 1000Hz.
In some embodiments, the third force module 200 includes a first pressure pillow, a second pressure pillow, a third pressure pillow, and a fourth pressure pillow; the first pressure pillow, the second pressure pillow, the third pressure pillow and the fourth pressure pillow are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the top end, the left side, the right side and the bottom end of the O-shaped steel shed 20.
In some embodiments, the first pressure pillow, the second pressure pillow, the third pressure pillow, and the fourth pressure pillow are acquired at the same frequency, preferably 1000Hz.
In some embodiments, the displacement monitoring module 300 includes a first fiber optic displacement sensor, a second fiber optic displacement sensor, a third fiber optic displacement sensor, and a fourth fiber optic displacement sensor; the first optical fiber displacement sensor, the second optical fiber displacement sensor, the third optical fiber displacement sensor and the fourth optical fiber displacement sensor are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the top end, the left side, the right side and the bottom plate 60 of the roadway in a one-to-one mode, the drilling depth is 10m, the deformation and the displacement of the full section of the roadway under impact load are monitored, and the deformation amount of surrounding rock 1 of the roadway is estimated.
In the working face stoping process, the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling supporting system is monitored in real time by installing a monitoring system, and the supporting effect of the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling supporting system is evaluated by the monitoring result. If the monitoring result is within the critical value, the supporting system is effective, and if the monitoring result exceeds the critical value, the supporting system is ineffective, and the rock burst roadway anchor-frame-charging coupling supporting system needs to be recalculated and designed.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system, comprising:
the anchoring and grouting supporting component (10) is arranged in a surrounding rock (1) breaking zone outside the roadway;
the O-shaped steel sheds (20) are arranged in the roadway at intervals along the axial direction of the roadway and are arranged with the surrounding rocks (1) at intervals to form reserved spaces, and the O-shaped steel sheds (20) can stretch out and draw back along the circumferential direction;
the energy absorption buffer layer (30) is arranged in the reserved space and paved on one side surface of the O-shaped steel canopy (20) facing the surrounding rock (1);
an anti-impact structural layer (40) filled between the energy absorption buffer layer (30) and the surrounding rock (1), wherein the material of the anti-impact structural layer (40) comprises porous high-toughness concrete;
the top, the two sides and the bottom of the anti-impact structure layer (40) are respectively provided with filling drilling holes, and the filling drilling holes are used for filling cement slurry or chemical slurry into the anti-impact structure layer (40);
minimum supporting strength of the O-shaped steel canopy (20)：
；
Wherein,the destruction coefficient of rock burst refers to the ratio of the maximum acceleration of particles to the acceleration of gravity during the occurrence of rock burst, the value of which depends on the rock burst grade,/or%>For the density of surrounding rock>，/>Acceleration of gravity, ++>，/>Longitudinal wave velocity, m/s, < ->For particle vibration period>Is the surrounding rock Poisson's ratio->Is the side pressure coefficient>，/>Is the depth of the tunnel burial, m,，/>for the axial force of anchor rods or anchor cables, kN, < >>Is the distance between anchor rods, m->The row distance of the anchor rods is m;
by passing throughCalculated out->、/>、/>、/>、/>And->；
Wherein,is the>Material constant of the ring layer, +.>，/>Is->The surrounding rock poisson ratio of the annular layer;for shear modulus ratio, +.>，/>Is the>Shear modulus of the annular layer +.>Is the>Radius ratio of the annular layer +.>；/>；/>，/>，/>Is a coefficient related to the radius of the circle, +.>，/>，/>，/>，，/>，/>，/>，/>，。
2. The rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system of claim 1, wherein the anchor injection support assembly (10) comprises:
grouting anchor rods (11) are arranged at intervals at the shallow part of the crushing belt, grouting materials are injected into the grouting anchor rods (11) so as to repair the crushing belt at the shallow part;
grouting anchor cables (12) are arranged at intervals at the deep part of the crushing belt, and grouting materials are injected into the grouting anchor cables (12) so as to repair the deep crushing belt.
3. The rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system of claim 1, wherein the O-steel shelter (20) comprises:
the steel structures (21) are spliced and enclosed to form an O shape;
and the at least two first connecting pieces (22) are connected with two adjacent steel structural members (21) and are used for adjusting the perimeter of the O-shaped steel canopy (20).
4. The rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system of claim 1, wherein the energy absorbing buffer layer (30) comprises:
the elastic piece (31) is paved on one side surface of the O-shaped steel canopy (20) facing the surrounding rock (1);
a reinforcement member (32) disposed within the elastic member (31).
5. The rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system of claim 1, wherein the porous high-toughness concrete comprises cement, stone, sand, fiber, aggregate, concrete admixture, and foaming agent; the aggregate comprises lightweight aggregate or/and expanded perlite; the weight of the fiber accounts for 2% -8% of the total weight.
6. The rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system of claim 5, wherein the weight ratio of cement, sand, aggregate and water is 1:2.5:2.5:0.45 to 0.55.
7. The rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising:
at least two connection assemblies (50) connected to two adjacent O-steel sheds (20).
8. The rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system of claim 7, wherein the connection assembly (50) comprises:
the two ends of the viscous damper are respectively connected with two adjacent O-shaped steel sheds (20) in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
9. The rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system of claim 1, further comprising a monitoring system; the monitoring system includes:
a first force measuring module (100) mounted to the anchor support assembly (10) for testing the stress of the anchor support assembly (10);
the second force measuring module is arranged in the middle of the anti-impact structural layer (40) and is used for testing the stress of the top end, the two sides and the bottom end of the anti-impact structural layer (40);
the third force measuring module (200) is arranged between the O-shaped steel shed (20) and the energy absorption buffer layer (30) and is used for testing the stress of the top end, the two sides and the bottom end of the O-shaped steel shed (20);
the displacement monitoring module (300) is arranged outside the roadway and is used for monitoring the deformation and displacement of the full section of the roadway;
and the terminal is electrically connected with the first force measuring module (100), the second force measuring module, the third force measuring module (200) and the displacement monitoring module (300).
10. A roadway support method for erecting the rock burst roadway anchor-rack-charge coupled support system of any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising:
supporting the broken belt of the roadway surrounding rock (1) by adopting an anchor injection supporting component (10);
an O-shaped steel canopy (20) is arranged in the roadway along the axial direction at intervals, a reserved space is formed between the O-shaped steel canopy (20) and the surrounding rock (1), and the O-shaped steel canopy (20) can stretch and retract along the circumferential direction;
an energy absorption buffer layer (30) is arranged on one side surface of the O-shaped steel canopy (20) facing the surrounding rock (1);
filling an anti-impact structural layer (40) between the energy absorption buffer layer (30) and the surrounding rock (1), wherein the material of the anti-impact structural layer (40) comprises porous high-toughness concrete;
and (3) respectively drilling complementary injection holes at the top, two sides and the bottom of the anti-impact structural layer (40), and grouting cement slurry into the complementary injection holes.
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