CN117305637A - Production process for producing aluminum alloy for automobile body by using recycled aluminum - Google Patents
Production process for producing aluminum alloy for automobile body by using recycled aluminum Download PDFInfo
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- CN117305637A CN117305637A CN202311170993.2A CN202311170993A CN117305637A CN 117305637 A CN117305637 A CN 117305637A CN 202311170993 A CN202311170993 A CN 202311170993A CN 117305637 A CN117305637 A CN 117305637A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Zr] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Zr] ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 aluminum manganese Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- RFEISCHXNDRNLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum yttrium Chemical compound [Al].[Y] RFEISCHXNDRNLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000993059 Homo sapiens Hereditary hemochromatosis protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
- C22B9/023—By filtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a production process for producing an aluminum alloy for an automobile body by using reclaimed aluminum. The method comprises the following steps: melting aluminum scraps, removing impurities from the aluminum scraps, filtering aluminum liquid, adding alloy elements, primary refining, secondary refining, online degassing, ultrasonic vibration, continuous casting dummy ingot, homogenizing treatment and the like. The elemental composition of the aluminum alloy product is: s i:1.10-1.30; mg:1.00-1.20; cu:0.50-0.70; zn:0.40-0.50; fe:0.35-0.45; v:0.20-0.30; zr:0.13-0.16; sc:0.13-0.20; t i:0.015-0.025; b:0.003-0.006. The regenerated aluminum produced by the process can reach the performance index of the aluminum alloy for the automobile body, and has better economical efficiency and environmental protection value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to a production process for producing aluminum alloy for automobile bodies by using recycled aluminum.
Background
Aluminum alloys are alloys based on aluminum and are generally referred to as primary alloying elements such as copper, silicon, magnesium, zinc or manganese, and secondary alloying elements such as nickel, iron, titanium, chromium or lithium. The aluminum alloy has good processing performance, especially hypoeutectic silicon aluminum alloy, has good processing performance, light specific gravity, attractive surface, corrosion resistance, good casting performance and good comprehensive mechanical property, can be used for manufacturing parts with various forms, and can be widely applied in a plurality of fields. A large amount of aluminum alloy is used for automobile bodies.
When the aluminum alloy shell for the automobile body is produced, a large amount of processing waste is generated, and a large amount of recovered aluminum is also generated in the metal recovery process; the aluminum material can be remelted and refined to obtain the reclaimed aluminum, and the annual reclaimed aluminum yield in the world currently accounts for more than one third of the original aluminum yield. The production of the regenerated aluminum is to reuse waste resources, has great environmental protection value, and encourages the research, development and utilization of the regenerated aluminum in various countries around the world. However, the regenerated aluminum has complex components, so that the impurity removal difficulty is high, and waste gas and dust pollution are easy to generate in the processing process. Most importantly, in the casting process of the secondary aluminum, the phenomenon of uneven chemical components exists among various parts on the section of the casting and between crystal grains and crystal boundaries, and the segregation phenomenon is very common, so that the performance and the service life of the casting can be greatly influenced, and the application of the secondary aluminum is limited. Therefore, the regenerated aluminum products in the market at present are mainly low-end wrought aluminum alloy or cast aluminum alloy, and are used as deoxidizers for steelmaking and the like.
Based on the above, the invention provides a production process for producing the aluminum alloy for the automobile body by using the recycled aluminum, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a production process for producing an aluminum alloy for an automobile body by utilizing recycled aluminum, which is characterized in that the aluminum alloy waste is utilized for reprocessing to prepare the aluminum alloy for the automobile body, which has high strength and moderate elongation, and can cooperatively improve the processability and the final strength, and the production process for the aluminum alloy for the automobile body.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a production process for producing aluminum alloy for automobile bodies by using recycled aluminum comprises the following steps:
(1) Raising the temperature of the smelting furnace to 680-760 ℃, and putting the aluminum waste into the furnace for smelting;
(2) After the aluminum waste is completely melted, introducing nitrogen from the bottom of the smelting furnace for 10-15min, standing for 6-8min, introducing nitrogen again, circularly introducing-standing for at least 3 times, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
(3) Filtering the aluminum liquid without the scum through a foam ceramic filter plate, introducing the filtered aluminum liquid into a refining furnace through a diversion trench, and standing for 15-20min;
(4) Sampling and analyzing the aluminum liquid, and calculating instant silicon, zinc ingots, magnesium ingots, industrial pure iron, aluminum copper intermediate alloy, aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum yttrium intermediate alloy which need to be added according to the component formula of the target aluminum alloy;
(5) Raising the temperature in the furnace to 830-860 ℃, uniformly stirring by using a graphite rotor, and fully diffusing and absorbing to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(6) Continuously raising the temperature in the furnace to 950-980 ℃, then spraying 0.2-0.4 wt% of refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, and refining in the furnace for 10-15min by using argon as refining gas, wherein slag is removed after refining;
(7) Cooling the aluminum alloy liquid after slag skimming to 630-650 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/min, and stopping cooling;
(8) Heating the cooled aluminum alloy liquid to 830-860 ℃, introducing inert gas into the furnace bottom, adding 0.1-0.2 wt% of Al-3Ti-1B grain refiner, stirring for 40-50min under vacuum condition, removing slag, and standing for 30-40min;
(9) Carrying out online degassing on the aluminum alloy liquid after standing, and carrying out filtering treatment through a two-stage filtering pipe;
(10) Carrying out ultrasonic vibration treatment on the filtered aluminum alloy liquid to obtain aluminum alloy slurry;
(11) Casting the aluminum alloy slurry into an ingot casting machine for continuous casting dummy ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(12) Heating and homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain a finished product.
In the invention, the aluminum alloy product comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si:1.10-1.30; mg:1.00-1.20; cu:0.50-0.70; zn:0.40-0.50; fe:0.35-0.45; v:0.20-0.30; zr:0.13-0.16; sc:0.13-0.20; ti:0.015-0.025; b:0.003-0.006; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy product comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si:1.2; mg:1.1; cu:0.60; zn:0.45; fe:0.40; v:0.25; zr:0.13-0.16; sc:0.17; ti:0.020; b:0.005; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements.
Preferably, the refining agent in the step (6) is composed of the following components in parts by weight: na (Na) 2 SiF 6 10-15 parts of CaF 2 6-8 parts of KCl 3-5 parts of AlF 3 1-2 parts.
Preferably, a proper amount of chlorine is mixed into the argon of the refining gas in the step (6), and the volume ratio of the chlorine in the mixed gas is not more than 10%.
Preferably, the degassing medium for online degassing in the step (9) is argon with the purity of 99.99 percent, and the flow rate of the argon is in the range of 0.25-0.35m 3 And/min, wherein the rotating speed range of the rotor is 350-380r/min.
Preferably, the two-stage filter tube in the step (9) adopts a two-stage filter of a A-stage MCF tube and a two-stage filter of a B-stage MCF tube.
Preferably, the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration in the step (10) is 20-30kHz and the power is 1.25-1.45kW.
Preferably, the homogenizing treatment in the step (12) comprises the following steps: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 320-350 ℃ at a speed of 50 ℃/min for 1-1.5h, raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 450-500 ℃ at a speed of 30 ℃/min for 50-60min, then lowering the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 180-220 ℃ at a speed of 60 ℃/min for 2-3h, and finally transferring the aluminum alloy ingot into a room temperature environment for natural restoration to room temperature after the treatment is finished.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts a new process to produce the aluminum alloy for the automobile body by using the regenerated aluminum, thereby greatly improving the value of the regenerated aluminum alloy product, reducing the production cost and improving the environmental protection ecological effect of the processing process.
In the smelting process of the aluminum alloy, impurities in the aluminum liquid are removed through repeated refining and multiple filtering processes, and the refining agent and Al-3Ti-1B are used for refining equiaxed crystals in the alloy, so that Mao Jing and columnar crystals are reduced, and casting cracks are effectively overcome; by carrying out ultrasonic vibration treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid, the intergranular segregation phenomenon in the alloy casting process can be improved, the metallographic structure performance of the aluminum alloy is improved, and the microscopic defects of the aluminum alloy are reduced;
the added V generates Al in the aluminum alloy 11 V is insoluble intermetallic compound, and refines grains in the smelting and casting processes; particularly, in the presence of high Fe and Si, extremely fine Al (Fe, V) Si high-temperature stable phases can be formed, the recrystallization temperature is increased in the thermal deformation and heat treatment process, and the recrystallization structure is refined;
the Sc, zr and Cr are added into the Al-Fe alloy together, so that a finer stable dispersion phase with extremely slow growth can be formed rapidly, the recrystallization process in the high-temperature heating process is blocked, and the strength and mechanical property of the aluminum alloy are improved effectively;
the added Cr mainly exists in the aluminum alloy as intermetallic compounds such as Al-Cr-Fe-Zn, prevents recrystallization nucleation and growth, has a certain strengthening effect on the alloy, effectively reduces pitting corrosion of the alloy and improves the corrosion resistance of the alloy.
According to the invention, through the measures of in-furnace blowing refining and in-furnace online degassing and filtering, the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy is greatly improved, the structure defects of air holes, inclusions and the like are eliminated, the grain structure of the aluminum alloy ingot is thinned, and the aluminum alloy is ensured to obtain a fine and uniform equiaxial grain structure after extrusion.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention more clearly, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the production process for producing the aluminum alloy for the automobile body by using the recycled aluminum comprises the following steps:
(1) Raising the temperature of the smelting furnace to 680 ℃, and putting aluminum waste into the furnace for smelting;
(2) After the aluminum waste is completely melted, introducing nitrogen from the bottom of the smelting furnace for 10min, standing for 6min, introducing nitrogen again, circularly introducing-standing for at least 3 times, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
(3) Filtering the aluminum liquid with the scum removed through a foam ceramic filter plate, and allowing the filtered aluminum liquid to enter a refining furnace through a diversion trench and stand for 15min;
(4) Sampling and analyzing the aluminum liquid, and calculating instant silicon, zinc ingots, magnesium ingots, industrial pure iron, aluminum copper intermediate alloy, aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum yttrium intermediate alloy which need to be added according to the component formula of the target aluminum alloy;
(5) Raising the temperature in the furnace to 830 ℃, uniformly stirring by using a graphite rotor, and fully diffusing and absorbing to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(6) Continuously raising the temperature in the furnace to 950 ℃, then spraying 0.2wt% -refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, and carrying out furnace refining by using argon as refining gas for 10min, wherein slag is removed after refining;
(7) Cooling the aluminum alloy liquid after slag skimming to 630 ℃ at a speed of 60 ℃/min, and stopping cooling;
(8) Heating the cooled aluminum alloy liquid to 830 ℃, introducing inert gas into the furnace bottom, adding 0.1wt% of Al-3Ti-1B grain refiner, stirring for 40min under vacuum condition, removing slag, and standing for 30min;
(9) Carrying out online degassing on the aluminum alloy liquid after standing, and carrying out filtering treatment through a two-stage filtering pipe;
(10) Carrying out ultrasonic vibration treatment on the filtered aluminum alloy liquid to obtain aluminum alloy slurry;
(11) Casting the aluminum alloy slurry into an ingot casting machine for continuous casting dummy ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(12) Heating and homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain a finished product.
In the invention, the aluminum alloy product comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si:1.10; mg:1.00; cu:0.50; zn:0.40; fe:0.35; v:0.20; zr:0.13; sc:0.13; ti:0.015; b:0.003; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements.
Preferably, the refining agent in the step (6) is composed of the following components in parts by weight: na (Na) 2 SiF 6 10 parts, caF 2 6 parts of KCl 3 parts of AlF 3 1 part.
Wherein, a proper amount of chlorine is mixed into the argon of the refining gas in the step (6), and the volume ratio of the chlorine in the mixed gas is not more than 10 percent.
Wherein the degassing medium for online degassing in the step (9) is argon with the purity of 99.99 percent, and the flow range of the argon is 0.25m 3 And/min, wherein the rotor rotating speed range is 350r/min.
Wherein, the two-stage filter pipe in the step (9) adopts the A-stage MCF pipe filtration and the B-stage MCF pipe two-stage filtration.
Wherein the frequency of ultrasonic vibration in the step (10) is 20kHz, and the power is 1.25kW.
Wherein, the homogenization treatment process in the step (12) is as follows: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 320 ℃ at a speed of 50 ℃/min for 1h, raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 450 ℃ at a speed of 30 ℃/min for 50min, then lowering the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 180 ℃ at a speed of 60 ℃/min for 2h, and finally transferring the aluminum alloy ingot into a room temperature environment for natural restoration to room temperature after the treatment is finished.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the production process for producing the aluminum alloy for the automobile body by using the recycled aluminum comprises the following steps:
(1) Raising the temperature of the smelting furnace to 710 ℃, and putting aluminum waste into the furnace for smelting;
(2) After the aluminum waste is completely melted, introducing nitrogen from the bottom of the smelting furnace for 13min, standing for 7min, introducing nitrogen again, circularly introducing-standing for at least 3 times, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
(3) Filtering the aluminum liquid with the scum removed through a foam ceramic filter plate, and allowing the filtered aluminum liquid to enter a refining furnace through a diversion trench and stand for 18min;
(4) Sampling and analyzing the aluminum liquid, and calculating instant silicon, zinc ingots, magnesium ingots, industrial pure iron, aluminum copper intermediate alloy, aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum yttrium intermediate alloy which need to be added according to the component formula of the target aluminum alloy;
(5) Raising the temperature in the furnace to 845 ℃, uniformly stirring by using a graphite rotor, and fully diffusing and absorbing to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(6) Continuously raising the temperature in the furnace to 965 ℃, then spraying 0.3wt% of refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, and refining in the furnace for 13min by using argon as refining gas, wherein slag is removed after refining;
(7) Cooling the aluminum alloy liquid after slag skimming to 640 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/min, and stopping cooling;
(8) Heating the cooled aluminum alloy liquid to 845 ℃, introducing inert gas into the furnace bottom, adding 0.15wt% of Al-3Ti-1B grain refiner, stirring for 45min under vacuum condition, removing slag, and standing for 35min;
(9) Carrying out online degassing on the aluminum alloy liquid after standing, and carrying out filtering treatment through a two-stage filtering pipe;
(10) Carrying out ultrasonic vibration treatment on the filtered aluminum alloy liquid to obtain aluminum alloy slurry;
(11) Casting the aluminum alloy slurry into an ingot casting machine for continuous casting dummy ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(12) Heating and homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain a finished product.
In the invention, the aluminum alloy product comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si:1.2; mg:1.1; cu:0.60; zn:0.45; fe:0.40; v:0.25; zr:0.13-0.16; sc:0.17; ti:0.020; b:0.005; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements.
Preferably, the refining agent in the step (6) is composed of the following components in parts by weight: na (Na) 2 SiF 6 13 parts, caF 2 7 parts of KCl 4 parts of AlF 3 1.5 parts.
Wherein, a proper amount of chlorine is mixed into the argon of the refining gas in the step (6), and the volume ratio of the chlorine in the mixed gas is not more than 10 percent.
Wherein the degassing medium for online degassing in the step (9) is argon with the purity of 99.99 percent, and the flow range of the argon is 0.30m 3 And/min, wherein the rotor rotating speed range is 365r/min.
Wherein, the two-stage filter pipe in the step (9) adopts the A-stage MCF pipe filtration and the B-stage MCF pipe two-stage filtration.
Wherein the frequency of ultrasonic vibration in the step (10) is 25kHz, and the power is 1.35kW.
Wherein, the homogenization treatment process in the step (12) is as follows: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 335 ℃ at 50 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 1.3 hours, raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 475 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 55 minutes, then lowering the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 200 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2.5 hours, and finally transferring the aluminum alloy ingot into a room temperature environment for natural restoration to the room temperature after the treatment.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the production process for producing the aluminum alloy for the automobile body by using the recycled aluminum comprises the following steps:
(1) Raising the temperature of the smelting furnace to 760 ℃, and putting aluminum waste into the furnace for smelting;
(2) After the aluminum waste is completely melted, introducing nitrogen from the bottom of the smelting furnace for 115min, standing for 8min, introducing nitrogen again, circularly introducing-standing for at least 3 times, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
(3) Filtering the aluminum liquid with the scum removed through a foam ceramic filter plate, and allowing the filtered aluminum liquid to enter a refining furnace through a diversion trench and stand for 20min;
(4) Sampling and analyzing the aluminum liquid, and calculating instant silicon, zinc ingots, magnesium ingots, industrial pure iron, aluminum copper intermediate alloy, aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum yttrium intermediate alloy which need to be added according to the component formula of the target aluminum alloy;
(5) Raising the temperature in the furnace to 860 ℃, uniformly stirring by using a graphite rotor, and fully diffusing and absorbing to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(6) Continuously raising the temperature in the furnace to 980 ℃, then spraying 0.4wt% of refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, and refining in the furnace for 15min by using argon as refining gas, wherein slag is removed after refining;
(7) Cooling the aluminum alloy liquid after slag skimming to 650 ℃ at a speed of 60 ℃/min, and stopping cooling;
(8) Heating the cooled aluminum alloy liquid to 860 ℃, introducing inert gas into the furnace bottom, adding 0.2wt% of Al-3Ti-1B grain refiner, stirring for 50min under vacuum condition, removing slag, and standing for 40min;
(9) Carrying out online degassing on the aluminum alloy liquid after standing, and carrying out filtering treatment through a two-stage filtering pipe;
(10) Carrying out ultrasonic vibration treatment on the filtered aluminum alloy liquid to obtain aluminum alloy slurry;
(11) Casting the aluminum alloy slurry into an ingot casting machine for continuous casting dummy ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
(12) Heating and homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain a finished product.
In the invention, the aluminum alloy product comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si:1.30; mg:1.20; cu:0.70; zn:0.50; fe:0.45; v:0.30; zr:0.16; sc:0.20; ti:0.025; b:0.006; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements.
Preferably, the refining agent in the step (6) is composed of the following components in parts by weight: na (Na) 2 SiF 6 15 parts, caF 2 8 parts of KCl 5 parts of AlF 3 2 parts.
Wherein, a proper amount of chlorine is mixed into the argon of the refining gas in the step (6), and the volume ratio of the chlorine in the mixed gas is not more than 10 percent.
Wherein the degassing medium for online degassing in the step (9) is argon with the purity of 99.99 percent, and the flow range of the argon is 0.35m 3 And/min, wherein the rotor rotating speed range is 380r/min.
Wherein, the two-stage filter pipe in the step (9) adopts the A-stage MCF pipe filtration and the B-stage MCF pipe two-stage filtration.
Wherein the frequency of ultrasonic vibration in the step (10) is 30kHz, and the power is 1.45kW.
Wherein, the homogenization treatment process in the step (12) is as follows: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 350 ℃ at a speed of 50 ℃/min for 1.5 hours, raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 500 ℃ at a speed of 30 ℃/min for 60 minutes, then lowering the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 220 ℃ at a speed of 60 ℃/min for 3 hours, and finally transferring the aluminum alloy ingot into a room temperature environment for natural restoration to room temperature after the treatment is finished.
Performance testing
According to national standard of the people's republic of China GB/T228-1987, "Metal tensile test method", the aluminum alloys for automobile bodies prepared in examples 1-3 were processed into standard tensile test pieces, room temperature stretching was performed on a DNS500 type electronic tensile tester, the stretching rate was set to 2mm/min, and the results are shown in Table 1:
analysis of the above experimental data shows that the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the recycled aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment can meet the requirements of the aluminum alloy for the automobile body, so that the recycled aluminum provided by the embodiment can be completely used as the aluminum alloy for the automobile body and has high added value.
Further, the average grain size, shrinkage porosity and hot crack defects in the microstructure of the aluminum alloy material of the embodiment are tested, and the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy of the invention and the control group is tested; the following test results were obtained:
table 2: microscopic Performance test results of the aluminum alloy materials of the present example and the control group
According to the experimental data, the regenerated aluminum alloy product obtained by the processing technology provided by the invention has the advantages that the grain size in the microstructure is small, the segregation defect is remarkably eliminated, and the aluminum alloy is excellent in performance, so that the product also has better wear resistance and good market value.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The production process for producing the aluminum alloy for the automobile body by utilizing the recycled aluminum is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Raising the temperature of the smelting furnace to 680-760 ℃, and putting the aluminum waste into the furnace for smelting;
(2) After the aluminum waste is completely melted, introducing nitrogen from the bottom of the smelting furnace for 10-15min, standing for 6-8min, introducing nitrogen again, circularly introducing-standing for at least 3 times, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
(3) Filtering the aluminum liquid without the scum through a foam ceramic filter plate, introducing the filtered aluminum liquid into a refining furnace through a diversion trench, and standing for 15-20min;
(4) Sampling and analyzing the aluminum liquid, and calculating instant silicon, zinc ingots, magnesium ingots, industrial pure iron, aluminum copper intermediate alloy, aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum yttrium intermediate alloy which need to be added according to the component formula of the target aluminum alloy;
(5) Raising the temperature in the furnace to 830-860 ℃, uniformly stirring by using a graphite rotor, and fully diffusing and absorbing to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(6) Continuously raising the temperature in the furnace to 950-980 ℃, then spraying 0.2-0.4 wt% of refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, and refining in the furnace for 10-15min by using argon as refining gas, wherein slag is removed after refining;
(7) Cooling the aluminum alloy liquid after slag skimming to 630-650 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/min, and stopping cooling;
(8) Heating the cooled aluminum alloy liquid to 830-860 ℃, introducing inert gas into the furnace bottom, adding 0.1-0.2 wt% of Al-3Ti-1B grain refiner, stirring for 40-50min under vacuum condition, removing slag, and standing for 30-40min;
(9) Carrying out online degassing on the aluminum alloy liquid after standing, and carrying out filtering treatment through a two-stage filtering pipe;
(10) Carrying out ultrasonic vibration treatment on the filtered aluminum alloy liquid to obtain aluminum alloy slurry;
(11) Putting the aluminum alloy slurry into an ingot casting machine for carrying out to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot casting;
(12) Heating and homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain a finished product.
2. The production process of an aluminum alloy for automobile bodies using recycled aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy product comprises the following elemental compositions in mass percent: si:1.10-1.30; mg:1.00-1.20; cu:0.50-0.70; zn:0.40-0.50; fe:0.35-0.45; v:0.20-0.30; zr:0.13-0.16; sc:0.13-0.20; ti:0.015-0.025; b:0.003-0.006; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements.
3. The production process of an aluminum alloy for automobile bodies using recycled aluminum according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy product has the following elemental composition in mass percent: si:1.2; mg:1.1; cu:0.60; zn:0.45; cu:0.60; fe:0.40; v:0.25; zr:0.13-0.16; sc:0.17; ti:0.020; b:0.005; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements.
4. The process for producing an aluminum alloy for automobile bodies using recycled aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the refining agent in the step (6) is composed of the following components in parts by weight: na (Na) 2 SiF 6 10-15 parts of CaF 2 6-8 parts of KCl 3-5 parts of AlF 3 1-2 parts.
5. The process for producing an aluminum alloy for automobile bodies using recycled aluminum according to claim 1, wherein an appropriate amount of chlorine is mixed into the argon gas of the refining gas in the step (6), and the volume ratio of the chlorine in the mixed gas is not more than 10%.
6. The process for producing an aluminum alloy for automobile bodies using recycled aluminum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the degassing medium for on-line degassing in the step (9) is 99.99% pure argon gas, and the flow rate of the argon gas is in the range of 0.25 to 0.35m 3 And/min, wherein the rotating speed range of the rotor is 350-380r/min.
7. The process for producing an aluminum alloy for automobile bodies using recycled aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the two-stage filtration tube in the step (9) is a two-stage filtration using a-stage MCF tube and a B-stage MCF tube.
8. The process for producing an aluminum alloy for automobile bodies using recycled aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of ultrasonic vibration in the step (10) is 20 to 30kHz and the power is 1.25 to 1.45kW.
9. The process for producing an aluminum alloy for automobile bodies using recycled aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the homogenizing treatment in the step (12) is: raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 320-350 ℃ at a speed of 50 ℃/min for 1-1.5h, raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 450-500 ℃ at a speed of 30 ℃/min for 50-60min, then lowering the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to 180-220 ℃ at a speed of 60 ℃/min for 2-3h, and finally transferring the aluminum alloy ingot into a room temperature environment for natural restoration to room temperature after the treatment is finished.
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