CN117303805A - Concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117303805A CN117303805A CN202311161295.6A CN202311161295A CN117303805A CN 117303805 A CN117303805 A CN 117303805A CN 202311161295 A CN202311161295 A CN 202311161295A CN 117303805 A CN117303805 A CN 117303805A
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003487 anti-permeability effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B16/06—Macromolecular compounds fibrous
- C04B16/0675—Macromolecular compounds fibrous from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
- C04B2111/343—Crack resistant materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of diatomite, 50-60 parts of modified cellulose hollow fiber, 100-120 parts of cement, 20-30 parts of mineral powder, 5-10 parts of high-efficiency water reducer and 30-60 parts of water; the modified cellulose hollow fiber is prepared by crosslinking and modifying carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan composite material. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material. The concrete anti-cracking impermeable material can improve the toughness of concrete, limit the expansion of concrete cracks under the action of external force, effectively avoid shrinkage cracking and self-shrinkage cracking of the concrete, and has good anti-cracking effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials. More particularly, the invention relates to a concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the enhancement of the construction of the infrastructure in China, the project of the building engineering is increased, the use of large-volume concrete is wider and wider, but the cracking problem of the concrete is more and more prominent, and the structural strength, the durability and the volume stability of the concrete are seriously influenced, so that the control of the defects of the concrete structure and the effective prevention or reduction of the cracking of the concrete are of great significance.
At present, the cement-based material anti-cracking agent and the anti-permeability agent commonly used in the market mainly comprise an organic compound and an inorganic compound, wherein the organic compound is mainly a high molecular compound with a bonding characteristic, and the inorganic compound is mainly an active component with compensation and filling functions. The common problem faced by the two cracking resistance agents and the impervious agent is that on one hand, the single product is difficult to realize the cracking resistance and impervious composite function, and on the other hand, the compatibility of the product with cement-based materials is poor, and the long-acting cracking resistance function cannot be realized. The preparation and application of the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage composite additive are disclosed in the patent with the publication number of CN111847976B, wherein the anti-cracking performance of the concrete is improved through sodium stearate, the anti-seepage performance of the concrete is improved through introducing a silane coupling agent, and in addition, the hydration process of the cement can be effectively regulated, the pore structure and mechanical properties of the concrete are improved, and the anti-seepage performance of the concrete is improved. However, the poor compatibility of the organic material and the inorganic material of the concrete can lead to unobvious effect, and the compatibility problem exists among a plurality of additives, so that the construction process of the concrete is complex; in addition, although modified polyester fibers are adopted in the patent, polar groups with certain hydrophilic functions are introduced into polyester macromolecules, the effect of improving the compatibility of the modified polyester macromolecules and concrete is limited, and the effect of improving the performance of the concrete is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material and a preparation method thereof, and the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material prepared by the preparation method has good anti-cracking and anti-seepage functions.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a concrete crack and seepage resistant material comprising the following raw materials: 5-30 parts of diatomite, 50-60 parts of modified cellulose hollow fiber, 100-120 parts of cement, 20-30 parts of mineral powder, 5-10 parts of high-efficiency water reducer and 30-60 parts of water; the modified cellulose hollow fiber is prepared by crosslinking and modifying carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan composite material.
Preferably, the modified cellulose hollow fiber has an inner diameter of 500 to 1000 μm, an outer diameter of 1000 to 1500 μm, and a length of 0.5 to 5mm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material, which comprises the following steps:
1, adding carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan with the weight ratio of (1-1.5) into water in batches, uniformly stirring, standing for defoaming to obtain a spinning solution with the solid content of 3-8%, spraying the spinning solution through a spinneret, then immersing the spinning solution into a coagulating bath, stretching and washing the spinning solution to obtain wet fibers, immersing the wet fibers into a sodium sulfate saturated solution containing glutaraldehyde again for crosslinking treatment to obtain hollow fibers, wherein the mass fraction of glutaraldehyde in the sodium sulfate saturated solution is 2-5%, the crosslinking time is 5-15 min, and the crosslinking temperature is 30-50 ℃;
step two, mixing polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-butanediol and a catalyst, reacting at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ to obtain a polyurethane intermediate, immersing the hollow fiber into the polyurethane intermediate, continuously reacting for 5-10 hours at the temperature of 50-80 ℃, taking out the hollow fiber, vertically placing the hollow fiber, flushing the hollow cavity of the hollow fiber, and airing to obtain the modified cellulose hollow fiber, wherein the weight ratio of the polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-butanediol and the catalyst is 1 (0.05-0.2): (0.03-0.06): (0.02-0.05);
cutting the modified cellulose hollow fiber into short fiber with the average length of 0.5-5 mm, mixing part of cement, mineral powder and high-efficiency water reducing agent with ethanol, placing the short fiber in the short fiber, uniformly stirring, ultrasonically dispersing for 2-5 h, and uniformly stirring and mixing the short fiber with the rest of cement, mineral powder, high-efficiency water reducing agent, diatomite and water to obtain the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material.
Preferably, in the first step, the coagulating bath is a 3-5% calcium chloride solution, and the coagulating bath temperature is 25-45 ℃.
Preferably, the saturated solution of sodium sulfate in the first step contains 0.5-1% of concentrated sulfuric acid by mass percent.
Preferably, the catalyst in the second step is dibutyl tin dilaurate.
Preferably, in the third step, the ethanol accounts for 30-50% of the total amount of the cement, the mineral powder and the high-efficiency water reducer.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: according to the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material, the modified cellulose hollow fiber is added, the anti-cracking and anti-seepage material is prepared by crosslinking modification of the carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan composite material, and polyurethane is grafted on the outer side of the hollow fiber, so that the interface binding force between the modified cellulose hollow fiber and a cement-based material is effectively improved, the water-retaining property of the concrete material is improved, and the concrete has good anti-cracking and anti-seepage capability; according to the preparation method of the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material, modified cellulose hollow fibers are mixed with a small amount of cement and mineral powder by ultrasound, so that the cement and the mineral powder are immersed into cavities of the hollow fibers and then are mixed with concrete, and finally the concrete material with excellent anti-cracking performance is obtained.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can practice the same by referring to the description.
It will be understood that terms, such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
The experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise indicated, and the reagents and materials are commercially available.
Example 1
The concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material comprises the following raw materials: 20 parts of diatomite, 55 parts of modified cellulose hollow fiber, 110 parts of cement, 25 parts of mineral powder, 8 parts of high-efficiency water reducer and 45 parts of water; the modified cellulose hollow fiber is prepared by crosslinking and modifying carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan composite material, and has an inner diameter of 800 mu m, an outer diameter of 1200 mu m and a length of 2.5mm.
The preparation method of the concrete anti-cracking impermeable material comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan in a weight ratio of 1.3:1 into water in batches, stirring uniformly, standing for defoaming to obtain a spinning solution with a solid content of 5%, spraying the spinning solution through a spinneret, then immersing the spinning solution into a coagulating bath, stretching and washing the spinning solution with water to obtain wet fibers, wherein the coagulating bath is a calcium chloride solution with a mass fraction of 4%, immersing the wet fibers into a sodium sulfate saturated solution containing glutaraldehyde again at a coagulating bath temperature of 35 ℃ for crosslinking treatment to obtain hollow fibers, wherein the mass fraction of glutaraldehyde in the sodium sulfate saturated solution is 3%, the crosslinking time is 10min, the crosslinking temperature is 40 ℃, and the sodium sulfate saturated solution contains concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 0.7%;
step two, mixing polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-butanediol and dibutyltin dilaurate, reacting at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain a polyurethane intermediate, immersing the hollow fiber into the polyurethane intermediate, continuously reacting for 8 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, taking out the hollow fiber, vertically placing the hollow fiber, flushing the cavity of the hollow fiber, and airing to obtain the modified cellulose hollow fiber, wherein the weight ratio of polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-butanediol and dibutyltin dilaurate is 1:0.1:0.04:0.03;
cutting the modified cellulose hollow fiber into short fiber with the average length of 2.5mm, mixing part of cement, mineral powder and high-efficiency water reducing agent with ethanol, wherein the ethanol is 35% of the total amount of the cement, the mineral powder and the high-efficiency water reducing agent, placing the short fiber in the short fiber, uniformly stirring, ultrasonically dispersing for 3 hours, and uniformly stirring and mixing the short fiber with the rest of cement, the mineral powder, the high-efficiency water reducing agent, diatomite and water to obtain the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material.
Example 2
The concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material comprises the following raw materials: 5 parts of diatomite, 50 parts of modified cellulose hollow fiber, 100 parts of cement, 20 parts of mineral powder, 5 parts of high-efficiency water reducer and 30 parts of water; the modified cellulose hollow fiber is prepared by crosslinking and modifying carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan composite material, and the inner diameter of the modified cellulose hollow fiber is 500 mu m, the outer diameter of the modified cellulose hollow fiber is 1000 mu m, and the length of the modified cellulose hollow fiber is 0.5mm.
The preparation method of the concrete anti-cracking impermeable material comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan in a weight ratio of 1:1 into water in batches, stirring uniformly, standing for deaeration to obtain spinning solution with 3% of solid content, spraying the spinning solution through a spinneret, then immersing the spinning solution into a coagulating bath, stretching and washing the spinning solution with water to obtain wet fibers, wherein the coagulating bath is a calcium chloride solution with 3% of mass, the coagulating bath temperature is 25 ℃, immersing the wet fibers into a sodium sulfate saturated solution containing glutaraldehyde again for crosslinking treatment to obtain hollow fibers, wherein the mass fraction of glutaraldehyde in the sodium sulfate saturated solution is 2%, the crosslinking time is 5min, the crosslinking temperature is 30 ℃, and the sodium sulfate saturated solution contains concentrated sulfuric acid with 0.5% of mass fraction;
step two, mixing polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-butanediol and dibutyltin dilaurate, reacting at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a polyurethane intermediate, immersing the hollow fiber into the polyurethane intermediate, continuously reacting for 5 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃, taking out the hollow fiber, vertically placing the hollow fiber, flushing the cavity of the hollow fiber, and airing to obtain the modified cellulose hollow fiber, wherein the weight ratio of polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-butanediol and dibutyltin dilaurate is 1:0.05:0.03:0.02;
cutting the modified cellulose hollow fiber into short fiber with the average length of 0.5mm, mixing part of cement, mineral powder and high-efficiency water reducing agent with ethanol, wherein the consumption of the ethanol is 30% of the total amount of the cement, the mineral powder and the high-efficiency water reducing agent, placing the short fiber in the short fiber, stirring uniformly, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours, and stirring uniformly with the rest of cement, the mineral powder, the high-efficiency water reducing agent, diatomite and water to obtain the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material.
Example 3
The concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material comprises the following raw materials: 30 parts of diatomite, 60 parts of modified cellulose hollow fiber, 120 parts of cement, 30 parts of mineral powder, 10 parts of high-efficiency water reducer and 60 parts of water; the modified cellulose hollow fiber is prepared by crosslinking and modifying carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan composite material, and the inner diameter of the modified cellulose hollow fiber is 1000 mu m, the outer diameter of the modified cellulose hollow fiber is 1500 mu m, and the length of the modified cellulose hollow fiber is 5mm.
The preparation method of the concrete anti-cracking impermeable material comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan with the weight ratio of 1.5:1 into water in batches, stirring uniformly, standing for defoaming to obtain spinning solution with the solid content of 8%, spraying the spinning solution through a spinneret, then immersing the spinning solution into a coagulating bath, stretching and washing the spinning solution to obtain wet fibers, wherein the coagulating bath is a calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 5%, the coagulating bath temperature is 45 ℃, immersing the wet fibers into a sodium sulfate saturated solution containing glutaraldehyde again for crosslinking treatment to obtain hollow fibers, wherein the mass fraction of glutaraldehyde in the sodium sulfate saturated solution is 5%, the crosslinking time is 15min, the crosslinking temperature is 50 ℃, and the sodium sulfate saturated solution contains concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 1%;
step two, mixing polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-butanediol and dibutyltin dilaurate, reacting at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain a polyurethane intermediate, immersing the hollow fiber into the polyurethane intermediate, continuously reacting for 10 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, taking out the hollow fiber, vertically placing the hollow fiber, flushing the cavity of the hollow fiber, and airing to obtain the modified cellulose hollow fiber, wherein the weight ratio of polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-butanediol and dibutyltin dilaurate is 1:0.2:0.06:0.05;
cutting the modified cellulose hollow fiber into short fiber with the average length of 5mm, mixing part of cement, mineral powder and high-efficiency water reducing agent with ethanol, wherein the consumption of the ethanol is 50% of the total amount of the cement, the mineral powder and the high-efficiency water reducing agent, placing the short fiber in the short fiber, uniformly stirring, ultrasonically dispersing for 5 hours, and uniformly stirring and mixing the short fiber with the rest of cement, the mineral powder, the high-efficiency water reducing agent, diatomite and water to obtain the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material.
Comparative example 1
The concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material is prepared by mixing 20 parts of diatomite, 110 parts of cement, 25 parts of mineral powder, 8 parts of high-efficiency water reducer and 45 parts of water.
Comparative example 2
The concrete anti-cracking impermeable material and the preparation method thereof are different from the embodiment 1 in that the modified cellulose hollow fiber is not grafted with polymer, and the preparation method of the concrete anti-cracking impermeable material comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan in a weight ratio of 1.3:1 into water in batches, stirring uniformly, standing for defoaming to obtain a spinning solution with a solid content of 5%, spraying the spinning solution through a spinneret, then immersing the spinning solution into a coagulating bath, stretching and washing the spinning solution to obtain wet fibers, wherein the coagulating bath is a calcium chloride solution with a mass fraction of 4%, the coagulating bath temperature is 35 ℃, immersing the wet fibers into a sodium sulfate saturated solution containing glutaraldehyde again for crosslinking treatment to obtain modified cellulose hollow fibers, wherein the mass fraction of glutaraldehyde in the sodium sulfate saturated solution is 3%, the crosslinking time is 10min, the crosslinking temperature is 40 ℃, and the sodium sulfate saturated solution contains concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 0.7%;
cutting the modified cellulose hollow fiber into short fiber with the average length of 2.5mm, mixing part of cement, mineral powder and high-efficiency water reducing agent with ethanol, wherein the ethanol is 35% of the total amount of the cement, the mineral powder and the high-efficiency water reducing agent, placing the short fiber in the short fiber, uniformly stirring, ultrasonically dispersing for 3 hours, and uniformly stirring and mixing the short fiber with the rest of cement, the mineral powder, the high-efficiency water reducing agent, diatomite and water to obtain the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material.
Comparative example 3
The concrete anti-cracking impermeable material and the preparation method thereof are different from the embodiment 1 in that the modified cellulose hollow fiber is prepared from a carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan composite material, and the preparation method does not comprise a crosslinking step.
The preparation method of the concrete anti-cracking impermeable material comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan with the weight ratio of 1.3:1 into water in batches, stirring uniformly, standing for defoaming to obtain a spinning solution with the solid content of 5%, spraying the spinning solution through a spinneret, then immersing the spinning solution into a coagulating bath, stretching and washing the spinning solution with the water to obtain wet fibers, wherein the coagulating bath is a calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 4%, the coagulating bath temperature is 35 ℃, and airing to obtain hollow fibers;
step two, mixing polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-butanediol and dibutyltin dilaurate, reacting at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain a polyurethane intermediate, immersing the hollow fiber into the polyurethane intermediate, continuously reacting for 8 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, taking out the hollow fiber, vertically placing the hollow fiber, flushing the cavity of the hollow fiber, and airing to obtain the modified cellulose hollow fiber, wherein the weight ratio of polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-butanediol and dibutyltin dilaurate is 1:0.1:0.04:0.03;
cutting the modified cellulose hollow fiber into short fiber with the average length of 2.5mm, mixing part of cement, mineral powder and high-efficiency water reducing agent with ethanol, wherein the ethanol is 35% of the total amount of the cement, the mineral powder and the high-efficiency water reducing agent, placing the short fiber in the short fiber, uniformly stirring, ultrasonically dispersing for 3 hours, and uniformly stirring and mixing the short fiber with the rest of cement, the mineral powder, the high-efficiency water reducing agent, diatomite and water to obtain the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material.
Comparative example 4
The concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material and the preparation method thereof are different from the embodiment 1 in that the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material preparation method comprises the following specific processes:
cutting the modified cellulose hollow fiber into short fiber with the average length of 2.5mm, and uniformly stirring and mixing the short fiber with cement, mineral powder, high-efficiency water reducer, diatomite and water to obtain the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material.
Anti-cracking and anti-seepage performance comparison of concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material
The concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 are taken to prepare samples, and the compressive strength, the bending strength and the splitting tensile strength of each sample after curing for 28 days are detected according to GB/T50081-2002 standard of common concrete mechanical property test method. And observing whether cracks are generated on the surface of each group of samples, and recording the lengths of the cracks. The test samples were 150mm cubic standard. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As shown in Table 1, the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage materials prepared by the preparation method in examples 1 to 3 have improved anti-cracking performance and anti-seepage performance, and obviously increased compressive strength and flexural strength, which indicates that the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material provided by the invention has good anti-cracking and anti-seepage effects. The hollow fiber is prepared from the carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan composite material, and then is immersed into glutaraldehyde for crosslinking, so that the hollow fiber strength is improved, a uniform pore structure is formed on the hollow fiber, the interfacial binding force with a cement matrix is improved, and the carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan enable the hollow fiber to have excellent water retention. In addition, polyurethane is grafted outside the hollow fiber, and the polyurethane extends at the periphery of the fiber, so that the binding force between the fiber and a cement matrix is further increased, and the anti-cracking and anti-seepage effects of the concrete are improved.
In comparison with examples 1 to 3, the comparative example 1 was not added with fibers in the concrete, resulting in the worst performance in all aspects; in comparative example 2, the hollow fiber was not grafted with a polymer, resulting in a poor binding capacity with cement base than examples 1 to 3, and thus, poor performance of concrete, poor crack resistance and seepage prevention effect; the hollow fiber of comparative example 3 was not crosslinked to make itself inferior in strength, and the surface of the uncrosslinked hollow fiber was smooth, resulting in low grafting ratio with polyurethane, lower binding capacity with cement base than comparative example 2, and thus the performance of concrete was also inferior to comparative example 2; in comparative example 4, the modified cellulose hollow fiber was not pre-bonded to the cement base, resulting in a low filling rate of the hollow fiber and further a lower compressive strength of the concrete than in examples 1 to 3.
In conclusion, the modified cellulose hollow fiber is added, and polyurethane is grafted on the outer side of the hollow fiber, so that the interfacial binding force of the modified cellulose hollow fiber and a cement-based material is effectively improved, the water-retaining property of the concrete material is improved, and the concrete has good crack resistance and seepage resistance; according to the preparation method of the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material, modified cellulose hollow fibers are mixed with a small amount of cement and mineral powder by ultrasound, so that the cement and the mineral powder are immersed into cavities of the hollow fibers and then are mixed with concrete, and finally the concrete material with excellent anti-cracking performance is obtained.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention is suited, and further modifications may be readily made by one skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not to be limited to the particular details and examples shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined by the claims and the equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The concrete anti-cracking impermeable material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of diatomite, 50-60 parts of modified cellulose hollow fiber, 100-120 parts of cement, 20-30 parts of mineral powder, 5-10 parts of high-efficiency water reducer and 30-60 parts of water; the modified cellulose hollow fiber is prepared by crosslinking and modifying carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan composite material.
2. The concrete crack-resistant and seepage-proofing material according to claim 1, wherein the modified cellulose hollow fiber has an inner diameter of 500-1000 μm, an outer diameter of 1000-1500 μm and a length of 0.5-5 mm.
3. The method for preparing the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material according to any one of claims 1 to 2, which comprises the following steps:
1, adding carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan with the weight ratio of (1-1.5) into water in batches, uniformly stirring, standing for defoaming to obtain a spinning solution with the solid content of 3-8%, spraying the spinning solution through a spinneret, then immersing the spinning solution into a coagulating bath, stretching and washing the spinning solution to obtain wet fibers, immersing the wet fibers into a sodium sulfate saturated solution containing glutaraldehyde again for crosslinking treatment to obtain hollow fibers, wherein the mass fraction of glutaraldehyde in the sodium sulfate saturated solution is 2-5%, the crosslinking time is 5-15 min, and the crosslinking temperature is 30-50 ℃;
step two, mixing polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-butanediol and a catalyst, reacting at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ to obtain a polyurethane intermediate, immersing the hollow fiber into the polyurethane intermediate, continuously reacting for 5-10 hours at the temperature of 50-80 ℃, taking out the hollow fiber, vertically placing the hollow fiber, flushing the hollow cavity of the hollow fiber, and airing to obtain the modified cellulose hollow fiber, wherein the weight ratio of the polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-butanediol and the catalyst is 1 (0.05-0.2): (0.03-0.06): (0.02-0.05);
cutting the modified cellulose hollow fiber into short fiber with the average length of 0.5-5 mm, mixing part of cement, mineral powder and high-efficiency water reducing agent with ethanol, placing the short fiber in the short fiber, uniformly stirring, ultrasonically dispersing for 2-5 h, and uniformly stirring and mixing the short fiber with the rest of cement, mineral powder, high-efficiency water reducing agent, diatomite and water to obtain the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material.
4. The method for preparing the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material according to claim 3, wherein the coagulating bath in the first step is 3-5% calcium chloride solution by mass, and the coagulating bath temperature is 25-45 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material according to claim 3, wherein the saturated solution of sodium sulfate in the step one contains 0.5-1% of concentrated sulfuric acid by mass percent.
6. The method for preparing the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material according to claim 3, wherein the catalyst in the second step is dibutyl tin dilaurate.
7. The method for preparing the concrete anti-cracking and anti-seepage material according to claim 3, wherein in the third step, the ethanol accounts for 30-50% of the total amount of cement, mineral powder and high-efficiency water reducer.
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