CN117300551A - Planetary gear forming process - Google Patents
Planetary gear forming process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117300551A CN117300551A CN202311250150.3A CN202311250150A CN117300551A CN 117300551 A CN117300551 A CN 117300551A CN 202311250150 A CN202311250150 A CN 202311250150A CN 117300551 A CN117300551 A CN 117300551A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- forging
- planetary gear
- forming process
- namely
- piece
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/025—Closed die forging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
Abstract
The invention relates to a planetary gear forming process, which comprises the following steps: step 1, die forging and forming; step 2, carburizing and quenching; step 3, finish machining; the invention adopts die forging technology to replace all manufacturing processes including forging, rough turning, quenching and tempering, semi-finish turning, UI flaw detection, hobbing and chamfering before planet wheel carburizing and quenching, and the mechanical property, component materials and the like of the manufacturing process meet the design requirements, thus completely meeting the use standard of the planetary reducer, greatly shortening the manufacturing period of the planetary reducer and meeting the market demands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planetary gear machining, in particular to a planetary gear forming process.
Background
The principle of the planetary reducer is a mechanism for reducing the revolution number of a motor to a desired revolution number and obtaining a large torque by using a speed converter of a gear. The gear with small teeth number on the transmission shaft of the planetary reducer is meshed with the large gear on the output shaft so as to achieve the purpose of speed reduction. The common speed reducer also has a plurality of pairs of gears with the same principle to achieve the ideal speed reducing effect, and the gear ratio of the big gear and the small gear is the transmission ratio. The function of the planetary gear in the planetary reducer is important, and the planetary gear carries the torque of the whole reducer, so that the planetary gear needs to be continuously improved in performance regardless of the material to processing mode.
The conventional planetary gear machining, as shown in fig. 1, needs to be subjected to forging, rough turning, normalizing, semi-finish turning, UI flaw detection, gear hobbing and chamfering, and then is subjected to carburizing and quenching and finish machining procedures, so that the whole process steps are more, the manufacturing period is long, and the gear part also needs to be subjected to gear hobbing to obtain corresponding dimensions after rough and finish turning of a forging blank, so that the material utilization rate is low, the product allowance is large, and the machining efficiency of the gear part is low.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a planetary gear molding process to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a planetary gear forming process, which improves the material utilization rate and the production efficiency of a planetary gear and shortens the manufacturing period of a planetary speed reducer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the planetary gear forming process has the innovation points that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, die forging and forming;
step 2, carburizing and quenching;
and 3, finishing.
Further, the step 1 is a process of die forging forming:
step 1-1, checking raw materials, and checking whether shrinkage cavities, bubbles, looseness and impurities exist in the raw materials;
step 1-2, blanking, namely cutting raw materials into rod-shaped blanks by adopting a blanking machine;
step 1-3, medium-frequency heating, namely conveying the rod-shaped blank into a medium-frequency heating furnace for heating;
step 1-4, pre-forging by a punch, namely placing the bar-shaped blank into a die, punching the bar-shaped blank by the punch, wherein the punching direction is consistent with the axis direction of the bar-shaped blank, so that the bar-shaped blank is deformed to be close to the shape and the size of a final forging piece, and forming a pre-forging piece;
and step 1-5, hot die forging closed forging, namely forging the pre-forging piece in the die by using a hot die forging press to obtain a final forging piece.
And further, punching and deburring the final forging piece before carburizing and quenching in the step 2, and performing shot blasting and cold extrusion treatment on the final forging piece after carburizing and quenching.
Further, in the finish machining process of the step 3, finish machining is carried out on the end face of the final forging piece, and the dimensional accuracy is improved.
Further, before the step 1 of die forging, key parameters of tooth shape, tooth direction and tooth root are designed according to requirements.
Further, when the planetary gear is first manufactured, after the test piece is obtained through the step 1, the step 2 and the step 3, quality detection needs to be carried out on the test piece, and the problem in the process of manufacturing is optimized according to the quality detection result until the quality of the test piece reaches the requirement, and then the planetary gear is put into mass production.
Further, the quality detection comprises the steps of:
step a, appearance detection, namely detecting the overall appearance of a test piece, and identifying whether pits and material shortage exist or not;
step b, size detection, namely measuring the key size of the test piece;
step c, machining and detecting, namely detecting various precision of the finished trial-manufactured part;
and d, metallographic detection, namely dissecting the test piece, and detecting hardness and metallographic structure.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention adopts die forging technology to replace all manufacturing processes including forging, rough turning, quenching and tempering, semi-finish turning, UI flaw detection, hobbing and chamfering before planet wheel carburizing and quenching, and the mechanical property, component materials and the like of the manufacturing process meet the design requirements, thus completely meeting the use standard of the planetary reducer, greatly shortening the manufacturing period of the planetary reducer and meeting the market demands.
The middle die forging forming adopts a closed forging mode, gear hobbing processing is not needed, one-step forming of the tooth part is realized, the processing is avoided, the streamline is complete, and the production efficiency is further improved.
According to the invention, after carburizing and quenching, shot blasting and cold extrusion treatment are carried out on the final forging piece, so that the hardness of the surface of the final forging piece is improved, and the finish and wear resistance of the final forging piece are improved.
According to the invention, the problems existing in the technical process are found in advance by carrying out appearance, key size, processing precision and metallographic detection on the trial-manufactured part, and the optimization is carried out, so that the qualification rate of finished products in subsequent mass production is effectively ensured.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a conventional planetary gear processing process.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the planetary gear forming process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples will provide those skilled in the art with a more complete understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments described.
The invention provides a planetary gear forming process, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, die forging and forming;
step 2, carburizing and quenching;
and 3, finishing.
Before the step 1 of die forging, key parameters of tooth shape, tooth direction and tooth root are designed according to requirements.
In the step 1, the die forging forming process is as follows:
step 1-1, checking raw materials, and checking whether shrinkage cavities, bubbles, looseness and impurities exist in the raw materials;
step 1-2, blanking, namely cutting raw materials into rod-shaped blanks by adopting a blanking machine;
step 1-3, medium-frequency heating, namely conveying the rod-shaped blank into a medium-frequency heating furnace for heating;
step 1-4, pre-forging by a punch, namely placing the bar-shaped blank into a die, punching the bar-shaped blank by the punch, wherein the punching direction is consistent with the axis direction of the bar-shaped blank, so that the bar-shaped blank is deformed to be close to the shape and the size of a final forging piece, and forming a pre-forging piece;
and step 1-5, hot die forging closed forging, namely forging the pre-forging piece in the die by using a hot die forging press to obtain a final forging piece.
Compared to conventional open forging in die forging: after the final forging piece is obtained through raw material inspection, blanking, medium-frequency heating, upsetting by a punching machine and open forging by a friction press, a hobbing process is still needed, so that the machining efficiency is low.
And (2) punching and deburring the final forging piece before carburizing and quenching, and performing shot blasting and cold extrusion treatment on the final forging piece after carburizing and quenching to improve the hardness of the surface of the final forging piece and improve the finish and wear resistance of the final forging piece.
And 3, in the finish machining process, the end face of the final forging is subjected to finish machining, so that the dimensional accuracy is improved.
When the planetary gear is manufactured in a trial mode for the first time, after the trial parts are obtained in the step 1, the step 2 and the step 3, quality detection is needed to be carried out on the trial parts, and the problems in the trial manufacturing process are optimized according to the quality detection result until the quality of the trial parts meets the requirement, and then the planetary gear is put into mass production, so that the mass production efficiency is effectively improved.
The quality detection comprises the following steps:
step a, appearance detection, namely detecting the overall appearance of a test piece, and identifying whether pits and material shortage exist or not;
step b, size detection, namely measuring the key size of the test piece;
step c, machining and detecting, namely detecting various precision of the finished trial-manufactured part;
and d, metallographic detection, namely dissecting the test piece, and detecting hardness and metallographic structure.
By carrying out appearance, critical dimension, processing precision and metallographic detection on the trial product, the problems existing in the technical process are found in advance, and optimization is carried out, so that the qualification rate of finished products in subsequent mass production is effectively ensured.
The forming process of the planetary gear adopts the die forging technology to replace all manufacturing processes including forging, rough turning, tempering, semi-finish turning, UI flaw detection, gear hobbing and chamfering before carburizing and quenching of the planetary gear, and the mechanical property, component materials and the like of the forming process of the planetary gear meet the design requirements, so that the use standard of the planetary speed reducer can be completely met, the manufacturing period of the planetary speed reducer is greatly shortened, and the market demand is met.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A planetary gear forming process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, die forging and forming;
step 2, carburizing and quenching;
and 3, finishing.
2. The planetary gear forming process according to claim 1, wherein: the step 1 is characterized in that the middle die forging forming process comprises the following steps:
step 1-1, checking raw materials, and checking whether shrinkage cavities, bubbles, looseness and impurities exist in the raw materials;
step 1-2, blanking, namely cutting raw materials into rod-shaped blanks by adopting a blanking machine;
step 1-3, medium-frequency heating, namely conveying the rod-shaped blank into a medium-frequency heating furnace for heating;
step 1-4, pre-forging by a punch, namely placing the bar-shaped blank into a die, punching the bar-shaped blank by the punch, wherein the punching direction is consistent with the axis direction of the bar-shaped blank, so that the bar-shaped blank is deformed to be close to the shape and the size of a final forging piece, and forming a pre-forging piece;
and step 1-5, hot die forging closed forging, namely forging the pre-forging piece in the die by using a hot die forging press to obtain a final forging piece.
3. The planetary gear forming process according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) punching and deburring the final forging piece before carburizing and quenching, and performing shot blasting and cold extrusion treatment on the final forging piece after carburizing and quenching.
4. The planetary gear forming process according to claim 1, wherein: and 3, in the finish machining process, the end face of the final forging is subjected to finish machining, so that the dimensional accuracy is improved.
5. The planetary gear forming process according to claim 1, wherein: before the step 1 of die forging, key parameters of tooth form, tooth direction and tooth root are designed according to requirements.
6. The planetary gear forming process according to claim 1, wherein: when the planetary gear is manufactured for the first time, after the test piece is obtained in the steps 1, 2 and 3, quality detection is needed to be carried out on the test piece, and the problems in the test manufacturing process are optimized according to the quality detection result until the quality of the test piece meets the requirement, and then the planetary gear is put into mass production.
7. The planetary gear forming process according to claim 6, wherein: the quality detection comprises the following steps:
step a, appearance detection, namely detecting the overall appearance of a test piece, and identifying whether pits and material shortage exist or not;
step b, size detection, namely measuring the key size of the test piece;
step c, machining and detecting, namely detecting various precision of the finished trial-manufactured part;
and d, metallographic detection, namely dissecting the test piece, and detecting hardness and metallographic structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311250150.3A CN117300551A (en) | 2023-09-26 | 2023-09-26 | Planetary gear forming process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311250150.3A CN117300551A (en) | 2023-09-26 | 2023-09-26 | Planetary gear forming process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117300551A true CN117300551A (en) | 2023-12-29 |
Family
ID=89245650
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311250150.3A Pending CN117300551A (en) | 2023-09-26 | 2023-09-26 | Planetary gear forming process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117300551A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-09-26 CN CN202311250150.3A patent/CN117300551A/en active Pending
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