CN117296225A - Energy storage system for maintaining short-term and long-term power delivery peaks for an electrically powered device or machine - Google Patents
Energy storage system for maintaining short-term and long-term power delivery peaks for an electrically powered device or machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN117296225A CN117296225A CN202180098169.3A CN202180098169A CN117296225A CN 117296225 A CN117296225 A CN 117296225A CN 202180098169 A CN202180098169 A CN 202180098169A CN 117296225 A CN117296225 A CN 117296225A
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- supercapacitors
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010325 electrochemical charging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum vanadium Chemical compound [Al].[V] HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
A voltage and energy storage system for an electrical distribution network for uninterrupted power supply service and/or for maintaining short and long term power transmission peaks required by electrical and/or mechanical equipment, the system employing one or more multi-cell redox flow batteries electrically connected in series and one or more strings of supercapacitors connected in series for achieving extremely high current absorption of a load capable of lasting several minutes, the end electrodes of the battery or batteries in series and the string or strings of supercapacitors connected in series being electrically connected to a DC power rail of an operable DC power circuit leading from the distribution network. The supercapacitors in the string no longer require a separate overvoltage limiting device, which is usually mandatory to prevent degradation and failure of the supercapacitors, while selected intermediate nodes in the string of series-connected supercapacitors are electrically connected with selected electrodes of the redox flow battery or bipolar multicell group of battery series. A fast, intrinsically safe and energy-efficient recharging of the supercapacitor by means of the redox flow battery after discharge, and a more efficient recharging of the redox flow battery is achieved.
Description
Background
Electromechanical devices draw a proportionally high current from the power supply at start-up and in many cases (also during intermittent or variable operating phases) when their mechanical load rises from an idle or standby state to a full operating level, albeit for a limited time. The enhanced current sink from the power supply typically lasts longer after a relatively short initial peak. In the usual case, the effect of these temporarily increased current sinks is an unacceptable voltage drop due to the impedance associated with the power supply network. The supply voltage drop may in turn cause other devices connected to a local and often dedicated regulated and stored energy DC supply circuit from the grid to malfunction.
Rechargeable batteries are typically used to stabilize the voltage of the local DC grid. Although batteries can store and release large amounts of energy over extended periods of time, most batteries are almost incapable of providing the short, high power levels required for voltage stabilization due to electrochemical limitations of sustainable current density across the active area of the cell electrode and other reasons that result in significant internal resistance.
Recent commercial development of so-called supercapacitors or ultra-large capacity capacitors (UC) with a capacitance of thousands of farads, which take advantage of the excellent properties of graphene, has prompted their use as a means of storing energy in a rechargeable, rather large capacity, which, unlike batteries, can be released at high power levels, but for a relatively short time (in minutes).
In order to take advantage of the unique characteristics of these two rechargeable energy storage means, it is sought to combine them. In particular, redox flow batteries, unlike lead acid and lithium batteries, provide an almost unlimited storage capacity that can be easily increased in the event of a final increase in future demand. The series-connected UC chains or strings are typically connected in parallel with the multi-cell battery or series-connected multi-cell battery, and the parallel connection of the batteries and/or UCs is connected to the DC rail of the local power grid.
This combination has several effects, since UC stores energy linearly proportional to its voltage (from 0 to a maximum of 2.7 volts), while most rechargeable batteries operate at a substantially constant voltage. Furthermore, lithium and lead-acid batteries operate at a constant voltage that approximates the maximum voltage of UC. The constancy of the battery voltage limits the energy that can be discharged from UC. Thus, if a long energy demand occurs after a final short initial peak, a large portion of the considerable energy stored in the UC may eventually not be reasonably utilized. While the advent of graphene has greatly reduced costs, the limited energy storage that UC provides during long periods of increased power demand (typically tens of minutes) from a power source has hardly justified its cost.
UC has a workable voltage limit, typically 2.7 volts, but in some business models, the voltage may be as high as 3.0 volts. Beyond its limiting voltage, the capacitor may rapidly break and become unsafe. For most voltage stabilizing applications, a large number of series capacitors are required, but since there may be significant differences in capacitance of individual UCs, a uniform distribution of relatively large DC voltages (up to 800 1500v required for typical high power inverters) is difficult to achieve. For reliability and durability reasons, either active or passive individual voltage limiting means must be incorporated in the commercial UC, which adds significantly to the cost. Furthermore, there is a great practical limit to the number of UCs installed in electrical series as required for large storage systems operating at high DC voltages (800V to 1500V).
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a system of uninterruptible power supplies storing energy and having a large storage capacity, capable of delivering short-term and long-term power peaks according to the requirements of the electric network and/or the electromechanical devices of the local and/or dedicated distribution network, comprising one or more strings of one or more multi-unit redox flow batteries electrically connected in series and one or more supercapacitors connected in series, with enhanced cost effectiveness, efficiency and reliability.
Drawings
For the purposes of describing the present invention, certain characteristics of the super capacitor and the variety of super capacitors relevant to the practice of the present invention should be reviewed by referring to the figures and diagrams in order to illustrate exemplary practical embodiments thereof.
FIG. 1 is a simplified view of a bilayer of negative ions at electrodes separated by a layer of polar solvent molecules and solvated positive ions in a liquid electrolyte;
FIG. 2 is a simplified view of a bilayer containing specifically adsorbed ions that have transferred their charge to an electrode, illustrating Faraday charge transfer occurring in a so-called pseudo-capacitor;
fig. 3 depicts the voltage offset of the charge and discharge of the supercapacitor (left side) and the redox cell (right side);
FIG. 4 is a typical voltage versus current density characteristic of a redox cell;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a power distribution network including a voltage stabilized energy storage system of the type and capabilities described for the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the present invention in which individual capacitors in a series string of capacitors are prevented from reaching overvoltage conditions that might damage or destroy them while achieving effective charge exchange with the plate electrodes of a redox flow battery;
fig. 7 is a partially exploded three-dimensional view of functional structural elements of a redox flow battery.
Detailed Description
Power is stored in a capacitor in two ways:
static electricity in conventional double plate capacitors; or alternatively
Electrochemical storage, in which ions are absorbed on the electrodes and electrons are provided without forming chemical bonds and without changing their oxidation state.
A typical construction of a supercapacitor is shown in fig. 1, showing a polarized DC power supply 1, positive and negative current collectors 3, polarized electrodes 3, a helmholtz double layer separated by a layer of solvent molecules 4, an electrolyte 5 with positive and negative ions, and a separator 6.
By applying a voltage to the terminals of the electrochemical capacitor shown, ions in the electrolyte move towards the opposite polarized electrodes forming a helmholtz double layer, thus constituting a so-called supercapacitor.
In a sub-class of supercapacitors, commonly referred to as pseudo-electrochemical capacitors, most of the electrical energy is stored in the form of reversible faradaic redox reactions that occur on the surface of suitable electrodes, as shown in fig. 3. Such pseudo-capacitance results from electron charge transfer between the electrolyte and the electrode, from desolvation and adsorption of ions, where only one electron per charge unit is involved. This faraday charge transfer results from a series of very rapid reversible redox, intercalation or electro-adsorption processes. In this case, as opposed to what occurs in a redox cell, the adsorbed ions do not chemically react with the atoms of the electrode (no chemical bonds are generated) because only charge transfer occurs.
Electrons involved in the faraday process are transferred to or from the valence state (orbit) of the redox electrode reagent. They enter the negative electrode and flow through an external circuit to the positive electrode where they form a second bilayer with the same number of anions. Electrons reaching the positive electrode do not transfer to the anions forming the bilayer, but rather keep the electrode surface strongly ionized and "electron starved" of transition metal ions. Thus, the storage capacity of faraday pseudocapacitance is limited to a limited amount of reagent on the surface of the available electrode.
Faraday pseudocapacitance occurs only with static bilayer capacitance and its size may exceed the bilayer capacitance value of the same surface area by a factor of hundreds, depending on the nature and structure of the electrode (or higher on graphene electrodes with surface active areas exceeding 2600 square meters per gram), since all pseudocapacitance reactions occur only on desolvated ions, which are much smaller than solvated ions with solvated shells.
The amount of charge (in farads) stored in the pseudo-capacitor is linearly proportional to the applied voltage.
The system of the present invention implies the use of such pseudo super-capacitors and redox flow batteries, which, unlike rechargeable batteries, have an open cell voltage that resembles the linear charge and discharge voltage charge characteristics, as shown in fig. 3. In practice, as long as the charging current remains above zero, the internal resistance of the battery cell will determine a temporarily higher electrical storage in the capacitor, but when the charging current becomes zero, the excess energy stored in the capacitor is released to the battery cell, which returns to its open circuit voltage.
In the following description, a shorter word "capacitor" shall be used to denote the above-determined capacitor type, i.e. the pseudo supercapacitor.
Another related aspect is the substantially linear characteristic of the cell voltage of the redox flow battery (in this example an aluminum vanadium battery) versus the current density on the cell electrode during the charge and discharge phases, as shown in fig. 4.
A block diagram of a power distribution network including a voltage-stabilized energy storage system of the type and capabilities used in the present disclosure is shown in self-explanatory manner in fig. 5.
According to the invention, the practical limitation of connecting a relatively large number of supercapacitors in series for high voltage energy storage and the cost of equipping each supercapacitor with active or passive voltage limiting means to prevent overvoltage damage are eliminated by effecting the electrical connection of selected plate electrodes of the relevant multi-cell redox flow battery with corresponding selected intermediate nodes of a series connected string of supercapacitors according to the "ratio" of open cell voltage characteristics depending on the overvoltage limit of the supercapacitors used and the type of redox flow battery employed.
Fig. 6 illustrates the electrical connection between each second intermediate node of the string Sc of supercapacitors 1 and the plate electrodes 2 of the batteries B1, B2, B3, defining three battery cells between the plate electrodes 2, i.e. the ratio of two supercapacitors to three battery cells of the string in parallel.
This ratio ensures that the limiting voltage of the supercapacitor is never exceeded, considering commercial supercapacitors and all vanadium redox flow batteries, which use limiting operating voltages typically between 2.7V and 3.0V, since the cell voltage of the battery cell is typically between 0.9V and 1.75V and in any case remains well below 2.0V.
If different supercapacitors are used, and/or different types of redox flow cells are used, such as Fe-Cr redox flow cells, each single capacitor in the string will be connected in parallel with two battery cells, assuming the maximum cell voltage is always below 1.25V, so a potential threshold cell voltage of 1.35V will never occur.
In this implementation example, three multi-cell redox flow cells B1, B2 and B3 are shown connected in series, then connected to a local DC power rail + and-, and share the same storage and recirculation means of chargeable and dischargeable electrolytic vanadium solution through the negative and positive electrode chambers of all cells of the cell, respectively.
Additional strings of series supercapacitors may ultimately be added in the same manner as shown in fig. 6 to increase the energy storage capacity available to discharge high power to the DC power line.
In general, supercapacitors installed in parallel with the battery cells may slightly increase the amount of energy that can be stored and stored, as they are deployed for the purpose of multiplying by several orders of magnitude the power available from the redox battery energy storage device, albeit over a certain and relatively short period of time.
Alternatively, given the rapidly increasing capacitance of ever-increasing supercapacitors, one or more strings of supercapacitors may soon become economically justified primary storage elements of electrical energy and redox flow battery storage, providing the requisite overvoltage limit for a single supercapacitor, even if rated at a greatly reduced power (i.e., small size in terms of the effective area of the battery electrodes and thus small contribution to the energy storage capacity), in accordance with another important aspect of the invention, even in high voltage applications requiring extremely long strings of supercapacitors in series.
The partially exploded three-dimensional view of the functional structural elements of the redox flow battery in fig. 7 shows bipolar plate electrode 2, separator 3 separating the catholyte flow chamber and the positive electrolyte flow chamber of each cell of the multi-cell battery terminating in negative electrode 4 and positive electrode 9, inlet and outlet manifolds 5 and 6 of the chargeable and dischargeable negative electrolyte, and inlet and outlet manifolds 7 and 8 of the chargeable and dischargeable positive electrolyte.
A practical trend for the final electrical connection of other common bipolar plate electrodes of a typical multi-cell battery of a redox flow battery may be to include a relatively narrow band-shaped appendage 10 along its outer periphery that is adapted to protrude from the outer periphery of the frame and the final gasket when the filter press assembly of the multi-cell battery of the battery is shut down. Thus, according to the invention, all battery electrodes will be selectively connected to a given intermediate node of a string of series-connected supercapacitors.
The voltage offset of the battery cell is typically high during the charge and discharge operations due to the internal resistance of the cell, but once the charge or discharge operation is stopped, the voltage of the cell will exhibit its open circuit value OCV. When the current is higher than zero, the electrical storage in the capacitor will be higher, but once the current drops to zero, the excess energy in the capacitor will immediately transfer into the cell, stabilizing the cell voltage at its OCV. The energy stored in the capacitor will transfer to the electrolyte, increasing the OCV value (small value). Therefore, only the value of OCV can be used in order to calculate the energy stored in the capacitor. The maximum OCV value of the charged electrolyte can be increased by using an auxiliary couple ce+3/ce+4 having a standard reduction potential of 1.44V (i.e. 0.44V higher than the standard reduction potential of v+4 to v+5).
With a graphene supercapacitor with greatly enhanced capacitance (100000F instead of about 3000F for a conventional supercapacitor), when such a capacitor supercapacitor is installed on each cell of a multi-cell redox flow battery, the storage capacity in the electrolyte solution flowing through the respective chamber of each cell of the battery may be doubled more than once. This results in much less dissipative pumping of the electrolyte, as in some cases the pump may intermittently intervene only about 10% of the time.
Claims (9)
1. A voltage stabilizing and energy storage system of an electrical distribution network for uninterrupted power supply service and/or for maintaining short and long term power transmission peaks required by electrical and/or mechanical equipment, the system comprising at least one multi-unit redox flow bipolar battery and at least one string of series connected supercapacitors, two end unit electrodes of the multi-unit redox flow bipolar battery being connected to a DC power supply circuit leading from the electrical distribution network for charging and discharging a multivalent metal or two different metals of catholyte and anolyte solutions flowing into and out of the catholyte and anolyte tanks, respectively, through the negative and anolyte chambers of each unit, and two end nodes of the at least one string being connected to the end electrodes of the battery, respectively, characterized in that:
selected bipolar plate electrodes of the battery are connected to respective selected intermediate nodes of the string of supercapacitors in series, respectively.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the supercapacitor is of a pseudo-capacitor type supporting electrostatic and electrochemical charging without any overvoltage protection circuitry associated with the supercapacitor.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the multivalent metal of both of the chargeable acid solutions is vanadium and selected intermediate nodes of the strings of serially connected supercapacitors are respectively connected to selected plate electrodes of the multi-cell redox flow bipolar battery.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the selecting electrically connects two adjacent supercapacitors in the string in parallel with three cells in the multi-cell redox flow bipolar battery.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the multivalent metal of one of the rechargeable acid solutions is iron, the multivalent metal of the other rechargeable acid solution is chromium, and selected intermediate nodes of the string of serially connected supercapacitors are respectively connected to selected bipolar plate electrodes of the multi-cell redox flow bipolar battery.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the selecting electrically connects one of the supercapacitors in the string in parallel with two cells in the multi-cell redox flow bipolar battery.
7. Overvoltage protection device of individual supercapacitors in a string of series connected supercapacitors, which supercapacitors are connected to a DC power line for storing energy, which energy can be released back to the DC power line at high power levels for voltage stabilization of an electrical distribution network, characterized in that the overvoltage protection device comprises at least one multi-unit redox flow bipolar battery connected in parallel with the string of supercapacitors, and selected intermediate nodes of the string of series connected supercapacitors are connected to selected plate electrodes of the multi-unit redox flow battery.
8. The overvoltage protection device of claim 7 wherein said battery utilizes a vanadium electrolyte and said selecting electrically connects two adjacent supercapacitors in said string in parallel with three adjacent cells in said multi-cell redox flow bipolar battery.
9. The overvoltage protection device according to claim 7, wherein said battery utilizes an iron electrolyte and a chromium electrolyte, and said selecting electrically connects each supercapacitor in said string in parallel with two adjacent cells in said multi-cell redox flow bipolar battery.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/TH2021/000022 WO2022240367A1 (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Energy storage system for sustaining power delivery peaks of short and of prolonged duration to electrically driven equipments or machines |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117296225A true CN117296225A (en) | 2023-12-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202180098169.3A Pending CN117296225A (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Energy storage system for maintaining short-term and long-term power delivery peaks for an electrically powered device or machine |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117296225A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022240367A1 (en) |
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| US11127538B2 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2021-09-21 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Multi-cell multi-layer high voltage supercapacitor apparatus including graphene electrodes |
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| JP3809549B2 (en) * | 2001-11-22 | 2006-08-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Power supply device, distributed power supply system, and electric vehicle equipped with the same |
| GB201310213D0 (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-07-24 | Imp Innovations Ltd | A segmented fuel cell-battery passive hybrid system |
| JP2020047397A (en) * | 2018-09-15 | 2020-03-26 | ＳＡＩＫＯ Ｉｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎ株式会社 | Electric power adjustment system |
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- 2021-05-13 WO PCT/TH2021/000022 patent/WO2022240367A1/en active Application Filing
- 2021-05-13 CN CN202180098169.3A patent/CN117296225A/en active Pending
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