CN117293359A - Fuel cell low-temperature start-stop method and device, computer equipment and storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell low-temperature start-stop method, a device, a computer device and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the next starting time interval and acquiring the current environment temperature; acquiring the cooling rate at the current ambient temperature; determining a predicted temperature of the fuel cell after a start-up time interval; and judging whether the predicted temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, if so, executing a thermal insulation shutdown strategy, otherwise, executing a normal shutdown strategy, wherein in the thermal insulation shutdown strategy, the temperature of the fuel cell reactor is controlled to be above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature. The method for starting and stopping the fuel cell at low temperature can be combined with daily train operation, frequent low-temperature starting can be avoided or reduced as much as possible, further influence of frequent low-temperature starting on service life of the fuel cell stack can be reduced to the greatest extent, and service life of the fuel cell can be prolonged. The service life and performance of the pile are prevented from being influenced by frequent low-temperature starting through the running characteristics of rail transit vehicles.

Description

Fuel cell low-temperature start-stop method and device, computer equipment and storage medium

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of rail transit technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for starting and stopping a fuel cell at a low temperature, a computer device, and a storage medium.

Background

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells become an important support technology in the new energy field due to the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and the like. The rail transit field is characterized by large carrying capacity, long transportation line, high reliability requirement and the like, the operation requirement of the rail transit vehicle is difficult to meet by adopting a power battery technology, the operation performance of the vehicle can be greatly improved and the energy-saving and environment-friendly requirements can be met by combining a hydrogen energy technology with the rail transit vehicle, and more rail transit vehicles try to adopt hydrogen energy as a power source at present.

The hydrogen fuel cell train generally adopts a hybrid power system of a combination of a hydrogen fuel cell, a power cell and a super capacitor, the hydrogen fuel cell provides continuous and stable power in the driving process, and redundant energy is stored in an energy storage system such as the power cell or the super capacitor.

In the daily operation of rail transit vehicles, however, the operation and stopping of rail transit vehicles are generally periodic. Because daily operation has a schedule plan. However, in the start-stop process of the existing hydrogen fuel cell train, particularly in the low temperature condition (below 0 degrees), the periodic running condition of the actual train is not considered, and frequent low temperature start-stop operation of the fuel cell system is extremely easy to occur. When the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle stops running, the fuel cell system generally performs shutdown operation, in a low-temperature environment, purging is generally performed for a long time when the fuel cell system is shut down, and meanwhile, the temperature of the electric pile is reduced through a heat dissipation cooling loop, so that the moisture content in the electric pile is reduced, and the situation that the inside of the electric pile is frozen due to low temperature or much supercooled water is reserved is avoided. After the low-temperature shutdown process is executed, auxiliary heating is needed for next low-temperature starting or starting conditions are changed, and long purging, low-temperature starting and other processes in the whole process can possibly cause the influence on the performance and the service life of the galvanic pile. And further, the life of the fuel cell system is reduced due to frequent start-up and shut-down.

Disclosure of Invention

Accordingly, it is necessary to provide a fuel cell low-temperature start-stop method, a device, a computer device, and a storage medium that can avoid or reduce frequent low-temperature starts as much as possible in conjunction with a train operation schedule and can improve the service life of a fuel cell.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a low temperature start-stop method for a fuel cell, including the steps of:

acquiring a starting time interval of next power equipment, and acquiring the current ambient temperature; wherein the power plant is powered by a fuel cell;

acquiring the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature;

determining the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the starting time interval according to the starting time interval and the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature;

and judging whether the predicted temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, if yes, executing a thermal insulation shutdown strategy, otherwise, executing a normal shutdown strategy, wherein in the thermal insulation shutdown strategy, the low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell is controlled to perform the operation of maintaining the lowest temperature, so that the temperature of the fuel cell reactor is above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

In one embodiment, the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature is 0 degrees celsius;

In one embodiment, the power plant is a rail vehicle, a ship, a bus, a passenger car or an aircraft, preferably the power plant is a rail vehicle.

In one embodiment, the warm shutdown strategy controls the operation of the low temperature start-up system of the fuel cell to control the temperature of the fuel cell reactor above a low temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

In one embodiment, the warm shutdown strategy controls the operation of the low temperature start-up system of the fuel cell and controls the temperature of the fuel cell stack to purge the internal moisture above the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

In one embodiment, after executing the warm shutdown strategy, the fuel cell low temperature start-up and shut-down method further comprises the steps of:

after acquiring a start command of the fuel cell, acquiring a current temperature of the current fuel cell stack;

and judging whether the current temperature is higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, if so, controlling the fuel cell to perform normal starting, otherwise, controlling a low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell to heat the fuel cell stack to be higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, and then performing normal starting.

In one embodiment, when the current temperature is less than the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature, the fuel cell low temperature start-stop method further includes the steps of:

and correcting a thermal insulation shutdown strategy or a cooling rate of the fuel cell according to the current temperature.

In a second aspect, the present application further provides a low temperature start-stop device for a fuel cell, the device comprising:

the starting time interval acquisition module is used for acquiring the starting time interval of the next power equipment, wherein the power equipment is powered by the fuel cell;

the environment temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the current environment temperature;

the cooling rate acquisition module is used for acquiring the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature;

the temperature prediction module is used for determining the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the starting time interval according to the starting time interval and the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature;

the judging module is used for judging whether the predicted temperature is smaller than a low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature or not;

and the shutdown strategy execution module is used for executing a thermal insulation shutdown strategy when the predicted temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature and executing a normal shutdown strategy when the predicted temperature is larger than or equal to the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, wherein in the thermal insulation shutdown strategy, the low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell is controlled to perform the operation of keeping the temperature at the lowest level, so that the temperature of the fuel cell reactor is higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

In one embodiment, the fuel cell low temperature start-stop device further includes:

a start command acquisition module for acquiring a start command of the fuel cell;

the current temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the current temperature of the current fuel cell stack after acquiring the starting command of the fuel cell;

and the starting judgment control module is used for judging whether the current temperature is higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, if so, controlling the fuel cell to start normally, otherwise, controlling a low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell to heat the fuel cell stack to be higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, and then starting normally.

In one embodiment, the fuel cell low temperature start-stop device further includes:

and the correction module is used for correcting the thermal insulation shutdown strategy or the cooling rate according to the current temperature when the current temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

In a third aspect, the present application also provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the fuel cell low temperature start-stop method as described in any of the embodiments above when the program is executed.

In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, wherein the computer program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the fuel cell low temperature start-stop method as described in any of the embodiments above.

According to the low-temperature start-stop method of the fuel cell, through the next start-up time interval and according to the start-up time interval and the cooling rate of the fuel cell under the current ambient temperature, the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the start-up time interval is determined, whether the predicted temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature is judged, if yes, a thermal insulation shutdown strategy is executed, and otherwise, a normal shutdown strategy is executed, wherein in the thermal insulation shutdown strategy, the low-temperature start-up system of the fuel cell is controlled to carry out the lowest-temperature maintenance operation, so that the temperature of the fuel cell reactor is above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, and therefore, the daily operation of a train can be combined, frequent low-temperature start-up can be avoided or reduced as much as possible, the influence of frequent low-temperature start-up on the service life of the fuel cell stack can be reduced as much as possible, and the service life of the fuel cell can be prolonged. The service life and performance of the pile are prevented from being influenced by frequent low-temperature starting through the running characteristics of rail transit vehicles.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a low temperature start-stop method of a fuel cell according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a low temperature start-stop device of a fuel cell according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature start-up system of a fuel cell according to an embodiment.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate understanding of the present application, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in connection with the accompanying drawings, so that the foregoing objects, features, and advantages of the present application will be more readily understood. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, the preferred embodiments of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. This application is intended to be limited to the details of the particular embodiments disclosed herein since it is to be understood that modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "several" means at least one, such as one, two, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for starting and stopping a fuel cell at low temperature, in an embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the method for starting and stopping the fuel cell at low temperature includes the following steps:

s110: acquiring a starting time interval of next power equipment, and acquiring the current ambient temperature; wherein the power plant is powered by a fuel cell;

in this embodiment, the next power plant start-up time interval may be obtained in conjunction with a train schedule or other power plant operating schedule, including but not limited to rail vehicles, boats, buses, passenger cars, or aircraft, powered by fuel cells. Fuel cells include, but are not limited to, hydrogen fuel cells. The fuel cell has a stack.

In this embodiment, the starting time interval may also be determined according to the next starting time by inputting the next starting time interval by the user or inputting the next starting time by the user.

In a specific embodiment, when the power equipment is a railway vehicle, the corresponding operation plan or the presumed operation plan can be obtained by networking into a train operation network or a control system of a current train. Similar arrangements may be employed in the case of other power plants.

In this embodiment, the acquired ambient temperature is the temperature of the current environment. Of course, in consideration of the actual operation, the environmental temperature may have dynamic change, and the temperature of the current environment may also be obtained in real time.

In this embodiment, step S110 is performed in a shutdown or a state about to be shutdown. In the application, the start-stop strategy of the fuel cell system can be optimized through the running characteristics of the rail transit vehicle, so that the quick start in a low-temperature environment is achieved, and the influence of frequent low-temperature start on the service life and performance of a galvanic pile is avoided.

S120: acquiring the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature;

in this embodiment, the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature is determined according to the current ambient temperature of the fuel cell. In actual operation, in order to obtain a more accurate cooling rate, the current cooling rate can be continuously corrected by combining the current environment temperature obtained in real time.

In actual operation, the cooling rate under the current environment temperature can be estimated according to the cooling rate of the last system stop-start process or the reference cooling rate set by the equipment from the factory for the first time. In other words, the cooling rate in the present application may refer to a cooling rate set by a factory, or may also be estimated by combining with the operation condition of the historical fuel cell.

S130: determining the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the starting time interval according to the starting time interval and the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature;

in the application, the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the starting time interval is determined according to the starting time interval and the cooling rate. The predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the start-up time interval can be determined based on the time interval, the ambient temperature, the current operating temperature of the fuel cell, and the cool down rate.

In actual operation, it is considered that the operating temperature of the fuel cell is usually a constant range value, and the time interval and the cooling rate can also be directly combined to further determine the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the start time interval. In a preferred embodiment, the step S110 further includes: the current operation temperature of the fuel is obtained, and the step S130 is: and determining the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the starting time interval according to the starting time interval, the current running temperature and the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature.

S140: and judging whether the predicted temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, if yes, executing a thermal insulation shutdown strategy, otherwise, executing a normal shutdown strategy, wherein in the thermal insulation shutdown strategy, the low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell is controlled to perform the operation of maintaining the lowest temperature, so that the temperature of the fuel cell reactor is above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

In this embodiment, whether the predicted temperature of the fuel cell is above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature is determined according to the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the start-up time interval, and if so, the normal shutdown strategy is adopted. If not, executing the thermal insulation shutdown strategy. In this embodiment, in the thermal shutdown strategy, the low temperature start-up system of the fuel cell is controlled to perform a temperature minimum maintenance operation, so that the temperature of the fuel cell reactor is above the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature. In other words, if the predicted temperature is below the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature, it is necessary to control the low temperature start-up system of the fuel cell so that the temperature of the stack of the fuel cell is maintained above the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature, for example, 0 degrees celsius, to avoid freezing at low temperature to affect the next start-up. Frequent temperature low temperature start of fuel cell, under 0 degree centigrade low temperature environment, the situation of icing can appear in the fuel cell inside easily, and in the low temperature auxiliary start-up process, need the inside icing of heap fuel cell stack to carry out suitable heating and melt, so the process that iterates and combine the change of the inside operation of stack, extremely easily reduces the reaction life of fuel cell stack. In this embodiment, the temperature of the fuel cell stack is maintained at or above 0 ℃ by performing thermal shutdown or appropriate temperature maintenance on the fuel cell stack in a low temperature environment, such as below 0 ℃, so as to minimize or avoid the influence of repeated start-up on the performance of the fuel cell in the low temperature environment.

In a specific embodiment, the fuel cell calculates the time interval between the current shutdown and the predicted next startup according to the train schedule, estimates whether the temperature of the fuel cell is reduced to below 0 ℃ in the shutdown process according to the current temperature of the fuel cell and the cooling rate of the fuel cell, if the temperature is judged to be possibly reduced to below 0 ℃, performs the cooling shutdown of the electric pile, keeps the cooling water pump in normal operation in the shutdown process, starts the heat dissipation fan, rapidly reduces the temperature of the electric pile, purges the internal moisture, and reduces the temperature and the water content of the electric pile. If the temperature is not reduced below 0 ℃, a heat preservation shutdown strategy is executed, a cooling water pump runs at a low speed in the shutdown process, a cooling fan is closed, internal moisture is purged in a state of keeping the temperature of the electric pile, and after the heat preservation shutdown, the internal temperature and the water content of the electric pile are higher than those of the cooling shutdown. In one embodiment, the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature is 0 degrees celsius; in one embodiment, the warm shutdown strategy controls the operation of the low temperature start-up system of the fuel cell and controls the temperature of the fuel cell stack to purge the internal moisture above the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

According to the low-temperature start-stop method of the fuel cell, through the next start-up time interval and according to the start-up time interval and the cooling rate of the fuel cell under the current ambient temperature, the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the start-up time interval is determined, whether the predicted temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature is judged, if yes, a thermal insulation shutdown strategy is executed, and otherwise, a normal shutdown strategy is executed, wherein in the thermal insulation shutdown strategy, the low-temperature start-up system of the fuel cell is controlled to carry out the lowest-temperature maintenance operation, so that the temperature of the fuel cell reactor is above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, and therefore, the daily operation of a train can be combined, frequent low-temperature start-up can be avoided or reduced as much as possible, the influence of frequent low-temperature start-up on the service life of the fuel cell stack can be reduced as much as possible, and the service life of the fuel cell can be prolonged. The service life and performance of the pile are prevented from being influenced by frequent low-temperature starting through the running characteristics of rail transit vehicles.

In one embodiment, after executing the warm shutdown strategy, the fuel cell low temperature start-up and shut-down method further comprises the steps of:

after acquiring a start command of the fuel cell, acquiring a current temperature of the current fuel cell stack;

and judging whether the current temperature is higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, if so, controlling the fuel cell to perform normal starting, otherwise, controlling a low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell to heat the fuel cell stack to be higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, and then performing normal starting.

In other words, in actual operation, the predicted temperature or the thermal insulation shutdown strategy may deviate, so that the actual temperature after the start-up time interval, that is, the current temperature of the fuel cell stack is not above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, so that by judging whether the current temperature is greater than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, the fuel cell is controlled to perform normal start, otherwise, the low-temperature start system of the fuel cell is controlled to perform normal start after heating the fuel cell stack above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature. How the fuel cell stack is heated above the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature by the low temperature start-up system of the fuel cell will be further described in connection with the low temperature start-up system of the fuel cell and the control method thereof in the subsequent embodiments of the present application.

In this embodiment, after receiving the start command again, if the last shutdown is performed to cool down and shut down, a low-temperature start strategy is performed, and after the stack and the coolant are heated to the lowest start temperature, the fuel cell is started. If the last shutdown is performed, the normal startup is directly performed according to the actual temperatures of the electric pile and the cooling liquid during startup, and if the actual temperatures of the electric pile and the cooling liquid are above 0 ℃. If the temperature of the electric pile and the cooling liquid is below 0 ℃, the condition change or the estimated parameter deviation occurs in the shutdown process, the electric pile and the cooling liquid are heated to above 0 ℃ at the moment, the ice possibly occurring in the electric pile and the cooling liquid is melted, and then the low-temperature start is performed.

In the application, when the current temperature is greater than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, the fuel cell is controlled to be started normally, and the fuel cell stack can be heated to be above the lowest starting temperature by controlling the low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell to be started normally. It should be noted that the minimum start-up temperature may be specifically set in association with the type of the fuel cell.

In one embodiment, when the current temperature is less than the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature, the fuel cell low temperature start-stop method further includes the steps of:

And correcting a thermal insulation shutdown strategy or a cooling rate of the fuel cell according to the current temperature.

In this way, when the current temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, the thermal insulation shutdown strategy or the cooling rate of the fuel cell is corrected, so that the next shutdown strategy can be ensured to control the temperature of the fuel cell stack after the starting time interval more accurately to be above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature. Specifically, the modified thermal insulation shutdown strategy can be set by optimizing heating conditions, temperature insulation time and the like.

According to the low-temperature start-stop method of the fuel cell, through the next start-up time interval and according to the start-up time interval and the cooling rate of the fuel cell under the current ambient temperature, the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the start-up time interval is determined, whether the predicted temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature is judged, if yes, a thermal insulation shutdown strategy is executed, and otherwise, a normal shutdown strategy is executed, wherein in the thermal insulation shutdown strategy, the low-temperature start-up system of the fuel cell is controlled to carry out the lowest-temperature maintenance operation, so that the temperature of the fuel cell reactor is above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, and therefore, the daily operation of a train can be combined, frequent low-temperature start-up can be avoided or reduced as much as possible, the influence of frequent low-temperature start-up on the service life of the fuel cell stack can be reduced as much as possible, and the service life of the fuel cell can be prolonged. The service life and performance of the pile are prevented from being influenced by frequent low-temperature starting through the running characteristics of rail transit vehicles.

In a second aspect, the present application further provides a low temperature start-stop device for a fuel cell, as shown in fig. 2, the device includes:

the starting time interval acquisition module is used for acquiring the starting time interval of the next power equipment, wherein the power equipment is powered by the fuel cell;

the environment temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the current environment temperature;

the cooling rate acquisition module is used for acquiring the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature;

the temperature prediction module is used for determining the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the starting time interval according to the starting time interval and the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature;

the judging module is used for judging whether the predicted temperature is smaller than a low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature or not;

and the shutdown strategy execution module is used for executing a thermal insulation shutdown strategy when the predicted temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature and executing a normal shutdown strategy when the predicted temperature is larger than or equal to the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, wherein in the thermal insulation shutdown strategy, the low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell is controlled to perform the operation of keeping the temperature at the lowest level, so that the temperature of the fuel cell reactor is higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

In one embodiment, the fuel cell low temperature start-stop device further includes:

a start command acquisition module for acquiring a start command of the fuel cell;

the current temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the current temperature of the current fuel cell stack after acquiring the starting command of the fuel cell;

and the starting judgment control module is used for judging whether the current temperature is higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, if so, controlling the fuel cell to start normally, otherwise, controlling a low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell to heat the fuel cell stack to be higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, and then starting normally.

In one embodiment, the fuel cell low temperature start-stop device further includes:

and the correction module is used for correcting the thermal insulation shutdown strategy or the cooling rate according to the current temperature when the current temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

In a third aspect, the present application also provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the fuel cell low temperature start-stop method as described in any of the embodiments above when the program is executed.

In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, the internal structure of which may be as shown in FIG. 3. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a network interface, a display screen, and an input device connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The network interface of the computer device is for communicating with the server via a network connection. The computer program when executed by a processor implements a fuel cell low temperature start-stop method. The display screen of the computer equipment can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer equipment can be a touch layer covered on the display screen, can also be keys, a track ball or a touch pad arranged on the shell of the computer equipment, and can also be an external keyboard, a touch pad or a mouse and the like.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in fig. 3 is merely a block diagram of some of the structures associated with the present application and is not limiting of the computer device to which the present application may be applied, and that a particular computer device may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.

In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, wherein the computer program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the fuel cell low temperature start-stop method as described in any of the embodiments above.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in the various embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. The nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), among others.

According to the low-temperature start-stop method and the related device of the fuel cell, through the next start-up time interval and according to the start-up time interval and the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature, the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the start-up time interval is determined, whether the predicted temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature is judged, if yes, a thermal insulation shutdown strategy is executed, and otherwise, a normal shutdown strategy is executed, wherein in the thermal insulation shutdown strategy, a low-temperature start-up system of the fuel cell is controlled to carry out the lowest-temperature maintenance operation, so that the temperature of a fuel cell reactor is above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, and therefore, the daily operation of a train can be combined, frequent low-temperature start can be avoided or reduced to the greatest extent, the influence of frequent low-temperature start on the service life of the fuel cell stack can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the service life of the fuel cell can be prolonged. The service life and performance of the pile are prevented from being influenced by frequent low-temperature starting through the running characteristics of rail transit vehicles.

In order to further explain the low-temperature start-up system used in the above-mentioned fuel cell low-temperature start-up and stop method and related devices, a description will be given below of the low-temperature start-up system and its control method.

It should be noted that in the fuel cell low temperature start-stop method and related apparatus or device, in executing the warm shutdown strategy, the temperature of the fuel cell reactor may be controlled above the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature by controlling the low temperature start-up system of the fuel cell. After the start command of the fuel cell is acquired, the fuel cell is controlled to perform normal start, and the fuel cell stack can be heated to be above the minimum start temperature by controlling the low-temperature start system of the fuel cell and then is controlled to perform normal start. The fuel cell stack can be heated to be above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature by controlling the low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell, and then normal starting is carried out.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the present application further provides a low-temperature start system of a fuel cell for a rail transit vehicle, where the low-temperature start system of a fuel cell for a rail transit vehicle includes: a fuel cell stack 1, a train air conditioning system 15, and a heat exchanger 9; the fuel cell stack 1 is used for providing power for a rail transit vehicle 16, and the fuel cell stack 1 is provided with a stack cooling liquid inlet and a stack cooling liquid outlet; the train air conditioning system 15 is used for providing an air conditioning function for the rail transit vehicle 16, and the air conditioning function comprises a heating function, and the train air conditioning system is provided with an air conditioning cooling liquid inlet and an air conditioning cooling liquid outlet; the heat exchanger 9 has opposite cold medium inlet, cold medium outlet, hot medium inlet and hot medium outlet, wherein the cold medium inlet and cold medium outlet of the heat exchanger are communicated, and the hot medium inlet and hot medium outlet of the heat exchanger are communicated. The air-conditioning coolant outlet is communicated with the heat medium inlet, the air-conditioning coolant inlet is communicated with the heat medium outlet, the cold medium inlet is communicated with the electric pile coolant outlet, the cold medium outlet is communicated with the electric pile coolant inlet, and the heat exchanger 9 is used for heat exchanging of the cooling liquid of the train air-conditioning system 15 to the cooling liquid of the fuel cell pile 1 so as to start the fuel cell pile 1 under the low-temperature environment with the temperature below zero or provide a temperature heating function for the fuel cell pile.

According to the fuel cell low-temperature starting system for the rail transit vehicle, the heating function is provided by combining the train air conditioning system, on one hand, the heat of the train air conditioning system can be utilized, the energy consumption in low-temperature starting of the fuel cell is reduced, the air conditioner can be operated due to the operation requirement, the cost can be reduced by utilizing the heat of the train air conditioning system, and on the other hand, the low-temperature starting time of the fuel cell can be greatly shortened by utilizing the function of the train air conditioning system or assisting a conventional auxiliary heater. By combining the fuel cell thermal management technology with the air conditioning ventilation technology of the railway vehicle, the starting speed of the fuel cell can be remarkably improved, the energy consumption can be reduced, and the heat and electricity combined supply can be realized through the heat generated by the fuel cell in a cold environment, so that the energy consumption caused by heating is further saved. The low-temperature starting speed of the fuel cell system for rail transit is improved, the structures of the fuel cell system and the air conditioning ventilation system are optimized, and energy loss caused by heat dissipation and heating in the running process of a vehicle is reduced.

In one embodiment, the low temperature start-up system for fuel cells further includes a stack outlet coolant temperature sensor 2 and a stack inlet coolant temperature sensor 3, wherein the stack outlet coolant temperature sensor 2 is disposed between the cooling medium inlet of the heat exchanger 9 and the communication pipe of the stack coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1, and the stack inlet coolant temperature sensor 3 is disposed between the cooling medium outlet of the heat exchanger 9 and the communication pipe of the stack coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack 1. By arranging the stack outlet coolant temperature sensor 2 and the stack inlet coolant temperature sensor 3, the outlet coolant temperature and the inlet coolant temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 can be conveniently detected, and the control of the fuel cell low-temperature starting system for the rail transit vehicle on the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 according to the related temperature can be conveniently controlled.

In one embodiment, the fuel cell low temperature start-up system further comprises an air-conditioning outlet coolant temperature sensor 4, wherein the air-conditioning outlet coolant temperature sensor 4 is disposed in the middle of a pipe in which an air-conditioning coolant outlet of the train air-conditioning system 15 communicates with the heat medium inlet of the heat exchanger 9. In this way, by arranging the air-conditioning outlet coolant temperature sensor 4, the temperature of the air-conditioning coolant outlet of the train air-conditioning system is conveniently detected, and the control of the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 by the fuel cell low-temperature starting system for the rail transit vehicle according to the related temperature is further conveniently controlled.

In one embodiment, the fuel cell low temperature start-up system further comprises a fuel cell cooling water circulating pump 5, the fuel cell cooling water circulating pump 5 being arranged between the cooling medium inlet of the heat exchanger 9 and the communication pipe of the stack cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack 1. In this way, the circulation of the coolant in the fuel cell stack 1 is controlled by the circulation water pump 5.

In one embodiment, the fuel cell low temperature start-up system further comprises an air-conditioning cooling circuit water pump 11, the air-conditioning cooling circuit water pump 11 being disposed between the air-conditioning coolant inlet of the train air-conditioning system 15 and the communication pipe of the heat medium outlet of the heat exchanger 9. By providing the air-conditioning cooling circuit water pump 11 in this way, the circulation of the coolant of the train air-conditioning system can be controlled.

In one embodiment, the fuel cell low temperature start-up system further comprises an auxiliary heater 8, the auxiliary heater 8 being connected in parallel with the heat exchanger 6 between the communication of the stack coolant inlet and the stack coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1. Therefore, by arranging the auxiliary heater, the freezing inside the fuel cell stack 1 is heated and melted conveniently under the low-temperature condition by the auxiliary heater and by utilizing the waste heat of the train air conditioning system, and the normal starting of the fuel cell stack 1 is facilitated later.

In one embodiment, the low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell further comprises a heat dissipation fan 10 and an electric control three-way valve 6, wherein the electric control three-way valve 6 is provided with one inlet and two outlets, the electric pile cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is communicated with the cooling medium inlet of the radiator 9 through the electric control three-way valve 6, and the other outlet of the electric control three-way valve 6 is communicated with the electric pile cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 through the heat dissipation fan 10. By providing the heat radiation fan 10, heat radiation is facilitated to the coolant temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 in operation. Of course, during operation of the fuel cell stack 9, the train air conditioning system may also displace the residual heat of the coolant of the fuel cell stack 9 through the radiator 9 for providing an air conditioning function.

In one embodiment, an electrically controlled regulating valve 7 is further disposed between the electrically controlled three-way valve 6 and the communication pipe of the cold medium inlet of the radiator 1. Thus, by arranging the electric control regulating valve 7, whether the waste heat of the train air conditioning system is utilized or not can be conveniently controlled according to the relevant temperature.

In one embodiment, the fuel cell low temperature start system further includes a fuel cell controller 12, where the fuel cell controller 12 is electrically connected to the electrically controlled regulator 7, the fuel cell stack 1, the stack outlet coolant temperature sensor 2, the air conditioner outlet coolant temperature sensor 4, the fuel cell cooling water circulation pump 5, the electrically controlled three-way valve 6, the auxiliary heater 8, the heat dissipation fan 10, and the air conditioner cooling loop water pump 11, respectively. In other words, the electric control adjusting valve, the fuel cell stack, the stack outlet cooling liquid temperature sensor, the air conditioner outlet cooling liquid temperature sensor, the fuel cell cooling circulating water pump, the electric control three-way valve, the auxiliary heater, the heat dissipation fan and the air conditioner cooling loop water pump are respectively and electrically connected with the fuel cell controller, and the electric control adjusting valve, the fuel cell stack, the stack outlet cooling liquid temperature sensor, the air conditioner outlet cooling liquid temperature sensor, the fuel cell cooling circulating water pump, the electric control three-way valve, the auxiliary heater, the heat dissipation fan and the air conditioner cooling loop water pump are controlled by the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller 12 judges whether low-temperature starting is needed or not by collecting three temperature sensors 2, 3 and 4 and combining the data sent by the vehicle, and controls the fuel cell cooling circulating water pump 5, the electric control three-way valve 6, the electric control regulating valve 7, the auxiliary heater 8 and the air conditioner cooling loop water pump 11 to complete the whole control logic.

In one embodiment, the auxiliary heater 8 communicates with the stack coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 via the electrically controlled three-way valve 6.

In one embodiment, the fuel cell stack is a hydrogen fuel cell stack. Of course, it should be understood that the fuel cell of the present application is not limited thereto, and may be other fuel cells.

According to the fuel cell low-temperature starting system for the rail transit vehicle, the heating function is provided by combining the train air conditioning system, on one hand, the heat of the train air conditioning system can be utilized, the energy consumption in low-temperature starting of the fuel cell is reduced, the air conditioner can be operated due to the operation requirement, the cost can be reduced by utilizing the heat of the train air conditioning system, and on the other hand, the low-temperature starting time of the fuel cell can be greatly shortened by utilizing the function of the train air conditioning system or assisting a conventional auxiliary heater. By combining the fuel cell thermal management technology with the air conditioning ventilation technology of the railway vehicle, the starting speed of the fuel cell can be remarkably improved, the energy consumption can be reduced, and the heat and electricity combined supply can be realized through the heat generated by the fuel cell in a cold environment, so that the energy consumption caused by heating is further saved. The low-temperature starting speed of the fuel cell system for rail transit is improved, the structures of the fuel cell system and the air conditioning ventilation system are optimized, and energy loss caused by heat dissipation and heating in the running process of a vehicle is reduced.

In the fuel cell low-temperature start-up system for a rail transit vehicle, when the shutdown strategy is executed, the heating function of the air conditioning system may be invoked to maintain the temperature of the fuel cell stack at the lowest level, or of course, only the auxiliary heater may be invoked to maintain the temperature of the fuel cell stack at the lowest level, that is, to control the temperature of the fuel cell reactor to be above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

The invention further provides a fuel cell low-temperature quick starting method based on the fuel cell low-temperature starting system for the rail transit vehicle, or a temperature control method for the fuel cell stack based on the fuel cell low-temperature starting system is realized, or the fuel cell low-temperature quick starting method for the rail transit vehicle is adopted to start the fuel cell in a low-temperature environment of 0 ℃ or control the temperature of the cell stack to be more than 0 ℃.

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an important supporting technology in the new energy field because of the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and the like. The rail transit field is characterized by large carrying capacity, long transportation line, high reliability requirement and the like, the operation requirement of the rail transit vehicle is difficult to meet by adopting a power battery technology, the operation performance of the vehicle can be greatly improved and the energy-saving and environment-friendly requirements can be met by combining a hydrogen energy technology with the rail transit vehicle, and more rail transit vehicles try to adopt hydrogen energy as a power source at present. At present, the fuel cell is started in cold areas mainly through an auxiliary heating mode or through a mode of changing operating conditions, low-temperature starting can be realized in an environment of minus 30 ℃, but the auxiliary heating mode of the single fuel cell generally takes longer time, and the service life and the performance of a galvanic pile are influenced by frequent changing of the operating conditions. Rail transit vehicles are often equipped with an air conditioning ventilation system and the operating conditions have a certain certainty in accordance with the train schedule during operation. According to the method, the fuel cell heat management technology and the air conditioning ventilation technology of the railway vehicle are combined, the starting speed of the fuel cell can be remarkably improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the heat and electricity combined supply can be realized through the heat generated by the fuel cell in a cold environment, so that the energy consumption caused by heating is further saved. Meanwhile, according to the future running state of the train, the power generation running state of the fuel cell is reasonably planned, the low-temperature starting times of the fuel cell can be reduced, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged. In the prior art, fuel cells are started up in cold regions mainly by 1) auxiliary heating mode 2) by changing the operating conditions. The defects and shortcomings of the prior art are mainly: 1) The auxiliary heating mode requires a long start-up time. 2) The mode of changing the starting of the operating conditions has a certain influence on the service life and performance of the electric pile. 3) The method is not combined with train operation planning, ventilation heating and the like existing on the train, and heat generated by the fuel cell is not subjected to cogeneration. The low-temperature starting speed of the fuel cell system for rail transit is improved, the structures of the fuel cell system and the air conditioning ventilation system are optimized, and energy loss caused by heat dissipation and heating in the running process of a vehicle is reduced. The low-temperature shutdown purging and starting operation logic of the fuel cell system is optimized through train operation planning, and the influence of frequent long purging and low-temperature starting on the performance and service life of the fuel cell system is avoided.

The fuel cell power generation system is combined with the train operation planning and train air conditioning ventilation system, so that the functions of low-temperature quick starting, cogeneration and the like of the fuel cell are realized.

In fig. 4, 1 is a fuel cell stack, 2 is a stack outlet cooling liquid temperature sensor, 3 is a stack inlet cooling liquid temperature sensor, 4 is an air conditioner outlet cooling liquid temperature sensor, 5 is a fuel cell cooling circulating water pump, 6 is an electric control three-way valve, 7 is an electric control regulating valve, 8 is an auxiliary heater, 9 is a heat exchanger, 10 is a heat dissipation fan, 11 is an air conditioner cooling loop water pump, 12 is a fuel cell controller, 13 is a train air inlet, 14 is a train air outlet, 15 is a train air conditioning system, and 16 is a train carriage.

The fuel cell controller is used for judging whether low-temperature starting is needed or not by collecting three temperature sensors 2, 3 and 4 and combining vehicle sending data, and controlling a fuel cell cooling circulating water pump 5, an electric control three-way valve 6, an electric control regulating valve 7, an auxiliary heater 8 and an air conditioner cooling loop water pump 11 to complete the whole control logic.

The whole low-temperature start control process or the temperature control method for the fuel cell stack by adopting the low-temperature start system comprises the following steps:

Step one:

the train is electrified, a driver controls the whole vehicle to enter a ready-to-operate state through the cab, and whether the air conditioner is started to heat the carriage or not is judged through temperature sensors of the cab and a carriage of the passenger car, if the air conditioner is required to heat the carriage, an air conditioner heating function is started to heat the carriage, and meanwhile, a cooling loop connected with an air conditioner and a fuel cell is heated.

Step two:

the train starts to run, and at the moment, the running power of the train is higher, and the fuel cell is required to be started to provide energy. After the fuel cell receives the operation signal, judging whether a low-temperature starting mode needs to be entered according to the temperature values measured by the cooling liquid temperature sensor at the inlet of the electric pile, the cooling liquid temperature sensor at the outlet of the electric pile and the ambient temperature values measured by other temperature sensors of the vehicle, if the low-temperature starting mode does not need to be entered, starting in a normal mode and entering an operation state, and if the low-temperature starting mode needs to be entered, starting in a low-temperature starting mode.

Step three:

under the low-temperature starting mode, the electric control three-way valve switches the cooling loop connected with the fuel cell stack into a cooling liquid branch connected with the heat exchanger connected with the air conditioner cooling loop, and if auxiliary heating equipment exists, the auxiliary heating equipment is started. At this time, the fuel cell cooling water pump and the air conditioner cooling loop water pump are operated, the air conditioner heating equipment and the auxiliary heating equipment are used for heating the cooling liquid and the electric pile in the fuel cell, when the temperature reaches the lowest starting temperature of the fuel cell, the water pump is operated at a low speed, hydrogen and air are introduced, and after the electric pile builds voltage, electric energy is output outwards, and the electric pile enters an operating state.

Step four:

after the fuel cell enters the running state, the auxiliary heating equipment is turned off, the rotating speed of the water pump is restored to the normal rotating speed, at the moment, whether the air conditioning system needs to be supplied with heat or not is required according to the vehicle request, if the air conditioning system needs to be supplied with heat, the electric control three-way valve enables the heat exchanger loop and the fan loop to have cooling liquid flow, the water pump of the air conditioning cooling loop works, the cooling liquid flow is adjusted according to the heating amount required by the air conditioning, and the heat dissipation fan removes residual heat after removing the part of the heat generated by the electric pile and being transferred to the air conditioning.

Besides the starting method, the starting and stopping strategy of the fuel cell system can be optimized according to the running characteristics of the rail transit vehicle, so that the rapid starting in a low-temperature environment is achieved, and the influence of frequent low-temperature starting on the service life and performance of a pile is avoided.

When the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle stops running, the fuel cell system generally performs shutdown operation, in a low-temperature environment, purging is generally performed for a long time when the fuel cell system is shut down, and meanwhile, the temperature of the electric pile is reduced through a heat dissipation cooling loop, so that the moisture content in the electric pile is reduced, and the situation that the inside of the electric pile is frozen due to low temperature or much supercooled water is reserved is avoided. After the low-temperature shutdown process is executed, auxiliary heating is needed for next starting or starting conditions are changed, and long purging, low-temperature starting and other processes in the whole process can possibly cause the influence on the performance and the service life of the galvanic pile.

The daily operation of the rail transit vehicle is planned by the train schedule, so that the rail transit vehicle has certainty, and the rail transit vehicle can be started in a normal starting mode by carrying out heat preservation and insulation treatment on the electric pile and the cooling circuit and keeping the temperature of the electric pile and the cooling circuit when the rail transit vehicle is stopped for a short time until the temperature of the electric pile is still kept above 0 ℃ when the rail transit vehicle is started next time. If the shutdown time is long, the temperature of the electric pile can be reduced to be lower than 0 ℃, so that the temperature of the electric pile is reduced to reduce the water content in the electric pile during the shutdown to avoid icing in the electric pile.

The specific control steps are as follows:

step one:

and estimating the cooling rate at the current ambient temperature according to the cooling rate of the last system stop-start process or the reference cooling rate set by the equipment from the factory for the first time. After the vehicle runs, the fuel cell enters a starting running state, and after the vehicle stops, the fuel cell receives a stop instruction.

Step two:

the fuel cell calculates the time interval between the current shutdown and the predicted next startup according to the train schedule, estimates whether the temperature of the fuel cell is reduced below 0 ℃ in the shutdown process according to the current temperature of the fuel cell and the cooling rate of the fuel cell, if the temperature is judged to be possibly reduced below 0 ℃, performs the cooling shutdown of the electric pile, keeps the cooling water pump in normal operation in the shutdown process, starts the heat dissipation fan, rapidly reduces the temperature of the electric pile, sweeps the internal moisture, and reduces the temperature and the water content of the electric pile. If the temperature is not reduced below 0 ℃, a heat preservation shutdown strategy is executed, a cooling water pump runs at a low speed in the shutdown process, a cooling fan is closed, internal moisture is purged in a state of keeping the temperature of the electric pile, and after the heat preservation shutdown, the internal temperature and the water content of the electric pile are higher than those of the cooling shutdown.

Step three:

and after receiving the starting command again, if the cooling shutdown is executed last time, executing a low-temperature starting strategy, and starting the fuel cell after the electric pile and the cooling liquid are heated to the lowest starting temperature. If the last shutdown is performed, the normal startup is directly performed according to the actual temperatures of the electric pile and the cooling liquid during startup, and if the actual temperatures of the electric pile and the cooling liquid are above 0 ℃. If the temperature of the electric pile and the cooling liquid is below 0 ℃, the condition change or the estimated parameter deviation occurs in the shutdown process, the electric pile and the cooling liquid are heated to above 0 ℃ at the moment, the ice possibly occurring in the electric pile and the cooling liquid is melted, and then the low-temperature start is performed.

Step four:

after the start-up is completed, correcting and estimating the temperature change rate according to the temperature change parameters in the process of stopping-starting the system equipment.

1. Air conditioning and ventilation system for train by fully utilizing operation characteristics of fuel cell

In the starting process, the train air conditioning system is used for assisting in heating the fuel cell system, so that the low-temperature starting speed of the fuel cell is increased, and auxiliary heating equipment can be omitted in the fuel cell. After the fuel cell is operated, heat generated by power generation of the fuel cell is used for the function of an air conditioning system, and meanwhile, energy consumption required by heat dissipation of the fuel cell and energy consumption required by heating of the air conditioning system are reduced.

2. Method for optimizing startup and shutdown control of fuel cell at low temperature by combining train operation characteristics

Because the train operation planning has certainty, when a short pause occurs in the operation process of the low-temperature environment of the fuel cell, the temperature of the electric pile can be maintained in a heat preservation mode and the like, and the electric pile can be directly and normally started when the electric pile is restarted, so that the influence of a long-purging and starting-up rapid temperature rising strategy on the performance and the service life of the electric pile is avoided. When the train stops for a long time, long purging is performed to reduce the temperature and the water content of the electric pile, so that the next start is facilitated.

The coupling control of the fuel cell system and the train ventilation heating system is realized, and the heat energy recycling rate is improved on the premise of accurately regulating and controlling the temperature.

According to the low-temperature start-stop method of the fuel cell, the related device and equipment, through the next start-up time interval, the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the start-up time interval and the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature are determined, whether the predicted temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature is judged, if yes, a thermal insulation shutdown strategy is executed, otherwise, a normal shutdown strategy is executed, wherein in the thermal insulation shutdown strategy, a low-temperature start-up system of the fuel cell is controlled to carry out the operation with the lowest temperature maintenance, so that the temperature of a fuel cell reactor is above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, and therefore, the daily operation of a train can be combined, frequent low-temperature start can be avoided or reduced as much as possible, the influence of frequent low-temperature start on the service life of the fuel cell stack can be reduced as much as possible, and the service life of the fuel cell can be prolonged. The service life and performance of the pile are prevented from being influenced by frequent low-temperature starting through the running characteristics of rail transit vehicles.

The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description. It should be noted that, in "an embodiment," "for example," "another instance," and the like of the present application are intended to illustrate the present application, not to limit the present application. The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.

Claims (10)

1. A method for low temperature start-stop of a fuel cell, comprising the steps of:

acquiring a starting time interval of next power equipment, and acquiring the current ambient temperature; wherein the power plant is powered by a fuel cell;

Acquiring the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature;

determining the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the starting time interval according to the starting time interval and the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature;

and judging whether the predicted temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, if yes, executing a thermal insulation shutdown strategy, otherwise, executing a normal shutdown strategy, wherein in the thermal insulation shutdown strategy, the temperature of the fuel cell reactor is controlled to be above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature is 0 degrees celsius;

and/or the power plant is a rail vehicle, a ship, a bus, a passenger car or an aircraft, preferably the power plant is a rail vehicle.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the warm shutdown strategy controls the operation of the low temperature start system of the fuel cell to control the temperature of the fuel cell reactor above a low temperature auxiliary threshold temperature.

4. The fuel cell low temperature start-stop method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the steps of, after executing the warm shutdown strategy:

After acquiring a start command of the fuel cell, acquiring a current temperature of the current fuel cell stack;

and judging whether the current temperature is higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, if so, controlling the fuel cell to perform normal starting, otherwise, controlling a low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell to heat the fuel cell stack to be higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, and then performing normal starting.

5. The fuel cell low temperature start-stop method according to claim 4, characterized in that when the current temperature is less than the low temperature auxiliary critical temperature, the fuel cell low temperature start-stop method further comprises the steps of:

and correcting a thermal insulation shutdown strategy or a cooling rate of the fuel cell according to the current temperature.

6. A low temperature start-stop device for a fuel cell, the device comprising:

the starting time interval acquisition module is used for acquiring the starting time interval of the next power equipment, wherein the power equipment is powered by the fuel cell;

the environment temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the current environment temperature;

the cooling rate acquisition module is used for acquiring the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature;

the temperature prediction module is used for determining the predicted temperature of the fuel cell after the starting time interval according to the starting time interval and the cooling rate of the fuel cell at the current ambient temperature;

The judging module is used for judging whether the predicted temperature is smaller than a low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature or not;

and the shutdown strategy execution module is used for executing a thermal insulation shutdown strategy when the predicted temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature and executing a normal shutdown strategy when the predicted temperature is larger than or equal to the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, wherein in the thermal insulation shutdown strategy, the temperature of the fuel cell reactor is controlled to be above the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

7. The fuel cell low temperature start-stop device according to claim 6, characterized in that the fuel cell low temperature start-stop device further comprises:

a start command acquisition module for acquiring a start command of the fuel cell;

the current temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the current temperature of the current fuel cell stack after acquiring the starting command of the fuel cell;

and the starting judgment control module is used for judging whether the current temperature is higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, if so, controlling the fuel cell to start normally, otherwise, controlling a low-temperature starting system of the fuel cell to heat the fuel cell stack to be higher than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature, and then starting normally.

8. The fuel cell low temperature start-stop device according to claim 7, characterized in that the fuel cell low temperature start-stop device further comprises:

And the correction module is used for correcting the thermal insulation shutdown strategy or the cooling rate according to the current temperature when the current temperature is smaller than the low-temperature auxiliary critical temperature.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the fuel cell low temperature start-stop method of any one of claims 1-5 when the program is executed.

10. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the fuel cell low temperature start-stop method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.