CN117288693A - Method and airborne device for acquiring vegetation index map in real time - Google Patents
Method and airborne device for acquiring vegetation index map in real time Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for acquiring a vegetation index map in real time and an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, collecting spectrum data and position data; s2, calculating various vegetation indexes of the current sampling point based on the spectrum data and the position data; s3, calculating a vegetation index of the non-sampling area based on a vegetation index map interpolation algorithm; s4, generating a continuous vegetation index map of the target area based on various vegetation indexes of the current sampling point and vegetation indexes of the non-sampling area, wherein the method and the device can rapidly complete farmland multispectral information acquisition in a large area and complete calibration real-time calculation of various vegetation indexes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, in particular to a method for acquiring a vegetation index map in real time and an airborne device.
Background
The vegetation index is a combination of spectral information obtained in two or more bands, and has been widely used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate vegetation coverage and its growth vigor, and can also be used to measure photosynthetic effective radiation (PAR) including Leaf Area Index (LAI), green percentage, chlorophyll content, green biomass, and absorption, based on its characteristic properties. The method is important to timely evaluate the production index in sustainable agriculture. The use of sustainable agriculture requires timely and efficient collection and analysis of various vegetation index data, which is still rarely addressed. Some existing vegetation index measuring means comprise a handheld field spectrometer, satellite remote sensing and the like, but have a plurality of problems. Although the handheld field spectrometer can quickly and accurately acquire the vegetation index, acquiring the vegetation index of a large area on site is very laborious; the satellite remote sensing has the advantages of high view point, wide view angle and rapid collection of vegetation indexes, but the use of the satellite remote sensing is restricted by uncontrollable weather factors and time-dependent factors of satellite orbits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for acquiring a vegetation index map in real time and an onboard device, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the first aspect of the invention discloses a method for acquiring a vegetation index map in real time, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting spectrum data and position data;
s2, calculating various vegetation indexes of the current sampling point based on the spectrum data and the position data;
s3, calculating a vegetation index of the non-sampling area based on a vegetation index map interpolation algorithm, wherein the calculating method comprises the following steps: converting the high-precision spatial longitude and latitude coordinates of the sampling points into area projection coordinates (w, h), and calculating vegetation indexes of the non-sampled areas based on the following vegetation index map interpolation algorithm;
where y is a vegetation index calculated from the spectral data at the sampling point,for the east-west coordinates of the ith sample point, +.>For the north-south coordinates of the ith sample point, +.>For the east-west coordinates of the j-th point to be interpolated, < >>For the north-south coordinates of the j-th point to be interpolated, P (w) and P (h) are interpolation functions, n is the number of sampling points participating in interpolation, and +.>Representing a one-dimensional interpolation function;
s4, generating a continuous vegetation index map of the target area based on the various vegetation indexes of the current sampling point and the vegetation indexes of the non-sampling area.
Optionally, the spectral data includes solar reflectance spectral data and solar incident spectral data.
Optionally, the plurality of vegetation indices includes a normalized vegetation index, a ratio vegetation index, and an enhanced vegetation index.
Optionally, the distance between the point to be interpolated and the sampling point is adjusted by the parameter adjusting factor alpha, and when the distance between the point to be interpolated and the sampling point is closer, the distance is larger, and when the distance is farther, the distance is smaller.
The invention discloses an airborne device for acquiring a vegetation index map in real time, which is used for realizing the method for acquiring the vegetation index map in real time according to any one of the above, and comprises a host machine and an auxiliary machine, wherein the host machine is arranged below unmanned aerial vehicle, the auxiliary machine is fixed at the highest position of the unmanned aerial vehicle, a reflection spectrum data acquisition device is arranged below a shell of the host machine, an incident spectrum data acquisition device is arranged on the side surface of the auxiliary machine and is used for acquiring solar reflection spectrum data, the incident spectrum data acquisition device is used for acquiring solar incident spectrum data and transmitting the solar incident spectrum data to the host machine, and the host machine calculates various vegetation indexes based on the solar incident spectrum data and the solar reflection spectrum data.
Optionally, the host computer comprises last casing and lower casing, goes up casing and lower casing and passes through the bolt, it is equipped with the connection screw hole to go up the casing, the lower casing be equipped with the display screen and reflection spectrum data acquisition device, the host computer side is equipped with switch, connecting wire interface, SD draw-in groove, button.
Optionally, the host is internally provided with an RTK positioning module, a data transmission module and a main control board, the RTK positioning module is in signal connection with the main control board, and the main control board is in wireless communication with the RTK base station through the data transmission module.
Optionally, the reflection spectrum data collection unit and the incidence spectrum data collection device all comprise an inverted prismatic table type concave shell and a plurality of spectrum sensors, and the spectrum sensors are arranged at the concave positions of the shell. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method and the airborne device for acquiring the vegetation index map in real time, unmanned aerial vehicles are adopted for carrying, based on unmanned aerial vehicle route planning, farmland multispectral information acquisition is rapidly completed in a large area, calibration calculation of multiple vegetation indexes is completed, effective data with time stamps, RTK accurate position information, multiple vegetation index maps generated in real time and the like are uploaded to a cloud platform and backed up in an SD card, and a reference basis is provided for farmland crop management. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, small volume, light weight, simple and convenient use and the like, and is very suitable for farmland popularization.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for acquiring a vegetation index map in real time according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a host provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an auxiliary machine provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a testing surface of a host according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is an internal schematic diagram of a host according to the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a host computer 1, an upper shell 2, a lower shell 3, a multifunctional connecting screw hole 4, a power switch 5, a connecting wire interface 6, an SD card slot 8, a button 9, a display screen 10, an RTK positioning module 11, a data transmission module 12, a main control board 13, a reflection multispectral data acquisition device 14, an incidence multispectral data acquisition device 15, a prismatic table-shaped concave shell 16, a spectrum sensor 17 and an auxiliary computer 18.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention and not all embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited by the example embodiments described herein. Based on the embodiments of the invention described in the present application, all other embodiments that a person skilled in the art would have without inventive effort shall fall within the scope of the invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
It should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.
In order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, detailed structures will be presented in the following description in order to illustrate the technical solutions presented by the present invention. Alternative embodiments of the invention are described in detail below, however, the invention may have other implementations in addition to these detailed descriptions.
Referring to fig. 1, a first aspect of the present invention discloses a method for acquiring a vegetation index map in real time, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting spectrum data and position data;
s2, calculating various vegetation indexes of the current sampling point based on the spectrum data and the position data;
s3, calculating a vegetation index of the non-sampling area based on a vegetation index map interpolation algorithm, wherein the calculating method comprises the following steps: converting the high-precision spatial longitude and latitude coordinates of the sampling points into area projection coordinates (w, h), and calculating vegetation indexes of the non-sampled areas based on the following vegetation index map interpolation algorithm;
where y is a vegetation index calculated from the spectral data at the sampling point,for the east-west coordinates of the ith sample point, +.>For the north-south coordinates of the ith sample point, +.>For the east-west coordinates of the j-th point to be interpolated, < >>For the north-south coordinates of the j-th point to be interpolated, P (w) and P (h) are interpolation functions, n is the number of sampling points participating in interpolation, and +.>Representing a one-dimensional interpolation function;
s4, generating a continuous vegetation index map of the target area based on the various vegetation indexes of the current sampling point and the vegetation indexes of the non-sampling area.
Specifically, the spectrum data comprise solar reflection spectrum data and solar incidence spectrum data, and the position information comprises current high-precision space coordinates and heights.
Specifically, the multiple vegetation indexes comprise normalized vegetation indexes, ratio vegetation indexes and enhanced vegetation indexes.
Further, a continuous vegetation index map of the target area is generated based on the vegetation index of the sampled area and the vegetation index of the non-sampled area, which specifically includes. And obtaining a map of the target area, and labeling the vegetation indexes of the sampled area and the vegetation indexes of the non-sampled area on the map so as to form a continuous vegetation index map of the target area.
Specifically, the distance between the point to be interpolated and the sampling point is adjusted by the parameter adjusting factor alpha, and when the distance between the point to be interpolated and the sampling point is closer to alpha, the distance is farther to alpha, and the distance is smaller. Particularly, if the vegetation index change rate is large in a certain area, information is fed back to the unmanned plane flight control system so as to reduce the flight speed and improve the flight density and ensure the interpolation accuracy of the vegetation index map interpolation algorithm.
Referring to fig. 2-5, a second aspect of the present invention discloses an on-board device for acquiring a vegetation index map in real time, where the device is configured to implement a method for acquiring a vegetation index map in real time as described in any one of the foregoing, where the device includes a host and an auxiliary engine, where the host is disposed below an unmanned aerial device, where the auxiliary engine is fixed at the highest position of the unmanned aerial device, where a reflection spectrum data acquisition device is disposed below a housing of the host, where the auxiliary engine side is provided with an incident spectrum data acquisition device, where the reflection spectrum data acquisition device is configured to acquire solar reflection spectrum data, where the incident spectrum data acquisition device is configured to acquire solar incident spectrum data and transmit the solar incident spectrum data to the host, and where the host calculates a plurality of vegetation indexes based on the solar incident spectrum data and the solar reflection spectrum data.
Specifically, the host computer comprises upper and lower casing, and upper and lower casing passes through the bolt and connects, the upper casing is equipped with the connection screw hole, the lower casing be equipped with the display screen and reflection spectrum data acquisition device, the host computer side is equipped with switch, connecting wire interface, SD draw-in groove, button.
Specifically, the inside RTK positioning module, data transmission module, the main control board that is equipped with of host computer, RTK positioning module with the main control board signal links to each other, the main control board passes through data transmission module carries out radio communication with the RTK basic station.
Further, the RTK positioning module comprises a high-precision GNSS module and a serial port data transmission module and is used for acquiring accurate positioning information of an acquisition point of the device; the main control board is provided with a data operation unit, a storage module and a data display module, wherein the data operation unit is used for preliminarily calculating various vegetation indexes capable of reflecting plant growth physiological state indexes according to collected multispectral data, correcting the vegetation indexes according to environmental parameters, and the storage module is used for storing the data collected by the multispectral data monitoring module and the environmental data monitoring module.
Further, the main control board is also provided with an internet of things communication module, and the internet of things communication module is used for uploading the spectrum data, various vegetation indexes and vegetation index maps to the internet of things cloud platform and receiving a command instruction of the internet of things cloud platform.
Specifically, a power management module is arranged on the main control board, and the power management module adopts two power supply modes of a lithium battery and power supply of equipment outside through an unmanned aerial vehicle, and is used for supplying power to different working modules through voltage rise and fall transformation; the power management module is used for power supply management and automatically switches two power supply modes of lithium battery power supply and unmanned aerial vehicle power supply.
Furthermore, when the machine-mounted device is used, the machine-mounted device is required to be matched with an RTK base station device for use, and the RTK base station device is fixedly placed in a field with a mapping test.
The host computer is fixed in arbitrary unmanned aerial vehicle below through multi-functional connection screw hole, whether begins work through switch control equipment, through button setting up the operational mode of equipment and switching display content, after the start setting up is accomplished, wait for RTK positioning module to carry out RTK search star operation and obtain the fixed solution, the side can take off along with unmanned aerial vehicle and carry out remote sensing data acquisition operation. In the operation process, the incident multispectral data acquisition device acquires incident multispectral data, the host computer acquires reflected multispectral data, and the data is transmitted to the main control board to calculate various vegetation indexes such as normalized vegetation indexes, ratio vegetation indexes, enhanced vegetation indexes and the like according to a formula.
Specifically, the reflection spectrum data acquisition device and the incidence spectrum data acquisition device all comprise an inverted prismatic table type concave shell and a plurality of spectrum sensors, wherein the spectrum sensors are arranged at the concave part of the shell, two groups of fixing holes are formed in the incidence spectrum data acquisition device and used for fixing, a connecting wire interface of the incidence multi-spectrum data acquisition device is designed on the side face of the incidence spectrum data acquisition device, and a cosine correction plate is arranged at the concave part of the shell.
Further, the vertex angle of the prismatic table is equal to the field angle of the spectrum data acquisition chip;
further, the number of the spectrum sensors is three, and the spectrum sensors can collect 4-300 spectrum bands.
In use, the device collects information each time including: the method comprises the steps of selecting a characteristic wave band according to a vegetation index formula to calculate various vegetation indexes of a current sampling point, converting the high-precision spatial longitude and latitude coordinates of the sampling point into area projection coordinates (w, h), and calculating vegetation indexes of an un-sampled area based on a vegetation index map interpolation algorithm as follows, so that a continuous vegetation index map of a target area is generated.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather to enable any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like to be made within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for acquiring a vegetation index map in real time, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting spectrum data and position data;
s2, calculating various vegetation indexes of the current sampling point based on the spectrum data and the position data;
s3, calculating a vegetation index of the non-sampling area based on a vegetation index map interpolation algorithm, wherein the calculating method comprises the following steps: converting the high-precision spatial longitude and latitude coordinates of the sampling points into area projection coordinates (w, h), and calculating vegetation indexes of the non-sampled areas based on the following vegetation index map interpolation algorithm;
where y is a vegetation index calculated from the spectral data at the sampling point,for the east-west coordinates of the ith sample point, +.>For the north-south coordinates of the ith sample point, +.>For the east-west coordinates of the j-th point to be interpolated, < >>For the north-south coordinates of the j-th point to be interpolated, P (w) and P (h) are interpolation functions, n is the number of sampling points participating in interpolation, and +.>Representing a one-dimensional interpolation function;
s4, generating a continuous vegetation index map of the target area based on the various vegetation indexes of the current sampling point and the vegetation indexes of the non-sampling area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the spectral data comprises solar reflectance spectral data and solar incident spectral data.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of vegetation indices comprises a normalized vegetation index, a ratio vegetation index, an enhanced vegetation index.
4. A method for obtaining a vegetation index map in real time according to claim 3, wherein the adjustment of the distance between the point to be interpolated and the sampling point is achieved by the parameter adjustment factor α, and the distance is smaller as the distance between the point to be interpolated and the sampling point is larger as the distance between the point to be interpolated and the sampling point is smaller.
5. An airborne device for acquiring a vegetation index map in real time, wherein the device is used for realizing the method for acquiring the vegetation index map in real time according to any one of claims 1-4, the device comprises a host machine and an auxiliary machine, the host machine is arranged below unmanned aerial vehicle equipment, the auxiliary machine is fixed at the highest position of the unmanned aerial vehicle equipment, a reflection spectrum data acquisition device is arranged below a shell of the host machine, an incidence spectrum data acquisition device is arranged on the side surface of the auxiliary machine and is used for acquiring solar reflection spectrum data, the incidence spectrum data acquisition device is used for acquiring solar incidence spectrum data and transmitting the solar incidence spectrum data to the host machine, and the host machine calculates various vegetation indexes based on the solar incidence spectrum data and the solar reflection spectrum data.
6. The airborne device for acquiring the vegetation index map in real time according to claim 5, wherein the host consists of an upper shell and a lower shell, the upper shell and the lower shell are bolted through bolts, the upper shell is provided with a connecting screw hole, the lower shell is provided with a display screen and the reflection spectrum data acquisition device, and a power switch, a connecting wire interface, an SD card slot and a button are arranged on the side face of the host.
7. The airborne device for acquiring the vegetation index map in real time according to claim 6, wherein an RTK positioning module, a data transmission module and a main control board are arranged in the host, the RTK positioning module is in signal connection with the main control board, and the main control board is in wireless communication with an RTK base station through the data transmission module.
8. The airborne device for acquiring a vegetation index map in real time according to claim 7, wherein the reflection spectrum data acquisition unit and the incidence spectrum data acquisition unit comprise an inverted prismatic table type concave shell and a plurality of spectrum sensors, and the spectrum sensors are arranged at the concave positions of the shell.
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| CN107991245A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-05-04 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of crop spectral information harvester and crop vegetation index acquisition methods |
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