CN117282983A - Shape control method for laser selective melting forming space curved surface structure - Google Patents
Shape control method for laser selective melting forming space curved surface structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN117282983A CN117282983A CN202311268623.2A CN202311268623A CN117282983A CN 117282983 A CN117282983 A CN 117282983A CN 202311268623 A CN202311268623 A CN 202311268623A CN 117282983 A CN117282983 A CN 117282983A
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a shape control method of a space curved surface structure formed by laser selective melting, which belongs to the technical field of laser selective melting forming, and effectively controls the deformation of a space free curved surface through the lattice design along a molded surface and the reinforcement effect of an outer skin, and simultaneously, an air film hole is precisely formed through the laser selective melting technology, so that the integrated forming of a complex space curved surface and the air film hole structure is realized, the machining period is greatly shortened, and the machining procedures are reduced; the method can be popularized and applied to other laser selective melting forming parts, and has wide social and economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of selective laser melting forming, and particularly relates to a shape control method of a spatial curved surface structure formed by selective laser melting.
Background
The laser selective melting forming technology is an advanced manufacturing process taking a prototype manufacturing technology as a basic principle, and has the characteristics of high precision, high efficiency and repeatability. In recent years, aerospace industry is continuously developed, and thin-wall parts, complex inner runners and parts with air film hole structures are more and more increased. The traditional manufacturing process has long manufacturing period, is limited by the process, and is difficult to manufacture the parts with complex special-shaped structures. For parts with space complicated curved surfaces and structures with air film holes on one side, the curved surfaces and the air film holes cannot be formed simultaneously by adopting a traditional manufacturing mode, and the manufacturing method is long in manufacturing period and various in processing procedures. The integrated precise forming of the complex space curved surface and the air film hole structure can be realized by adopting a laser selective melting forming technology; the laser selective melting forming technology is adopted, for example, a non-control structure or a control structure is unreasonable in design, and the molded surface of the part can generate larger deformation under the action of stress; if the placement angle is unreasonable, the rib plate structure of the inner cavity of the part needs to be additionally supported, and then polishing cannot be removed, so that the part is scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a shape control method of a laser selective melting forming space curved surface structure aiming at the defects of the background technology.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a shape control method for a space curved surface structure formed by selective laser melting specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, model processing: adding allowance by UG software according to the characteristics of the space curved surface structural part with the air film hole and designing a lattice structure;
s2, laser selective melting forming: selecting a proper placement angle between the lattice structure and the space curved surface structure part with the air film holes in Magics software, adding support, slicing and filling, and printing and forming;
s3, post-processing: carrying out solution heat treatment on the selected laser region and the substrate after melting and forming, removing a support and a lattice structure on the part after linear cutting, and then carrying out surface treatment;
s4, size appearance detection: and fitting the obtained space curved surface structural part with the air film hole with a three-dimensional model.
In the step S1, a machining surface is added with 2mm allowance, a non-machining surface is added with 0.2mm grinding allowance, and the profile curvature distribution trend and the gas film hole distribution rule of the part with the gas film hole with the space curved surface structure are analyzed to design a conformal solid structure; and performing lattice operation on the entity structure in UG software.
As a further preferable scheme of the shape control method for the laser selective melting forming space curved surface structure, in the step S1, one side surface with air film holes is designed, the designed crystal lattice needs to avoid the air film holes and is distributed at intervals, the other side surface without the air film holes is distributed in a segmented mode, and a skin with the thickness of 0.5mm is added to the outer side of all the crystal lattice structures.
As a further preferable scheme of the shape control method for the space curved surface structure formed by laser selective melting, in the step S1, the lattice is a uniform cube, the unit cell type is QuadDiaametra, the side length is 8mm, and the rod diameter is 1mm.
As a further preferable scheme of the shape control method for the space curved surface structure formed by laser selective melting, in the step S2, the projection area of the part in the XY plane is smaller, and the rib plate structure of the inner cavity of the part is convenient to form in a self-supporting way, so that the placing mode of the part with the space curved surface structure is selected to be placed at an included angle of 90 degrees with the base plate.
In the step S2, in the range of the surface angle lower than 45 degrees, a solid support and a non-solid support are added, wherein the non-solid support is provided with diamond holes, so that powder is convenient to clean, and the solid support is used for strengthening and transferring heat and is in an intermittent sheet shape along the outline; slicing after the support design is finished, wherein the layer thickness is 0.04mm, and then calling a special process parameter package to carry out data filling so that the contour dimension precision and the air film hole precision meet the use requirements; the data is imported into the device, and is printed and formed by using a laser selective melting forming device.
As a further preferable scheme of the shape control method for the space curved surface structure formed by selective laser melting, in the step S3, the part and the substrate are put into a vacuum heat treatment furnace together for solution treatment, and after the completion, the wire cutting process is carried out, and the part and the substrate are separated.
As a further preferable scheme of the shape control method of the laser selective melting forming space curved surface structure, in the step S3, a hammer and a chisel are used for supporting and chiseling most of the part, the angle of the part is required to be adjusted during the period, and for some parts which are difficult to reach by the chisel, a screwdriver or a deflection pliers are used for supporting and clamping down; the skin of the lattice is cut and segmented by using an angle grinder, then the skin on the surface of the part is removed by using a pneumatic gun, and the lattice is removed along the profile of the part.
As a further preferable scheme of the shape control method for the laser selective melting forming space curved surface structure, in the step S3, the electric grinding pen is used for carrying out work such as grinding of a supporting surface on a part, a grinding gun is used for polishing and brightening the removed supporting part, and sand blasting is carried out after polishing is finished.
As a further preferable scheme of the shape control method for the space curved surface structure formed by laser selective melting, in the step S3, the space curved surface structure part with the air film hole is subjected to blue light scanning, and is compared with a theoretical model of the part, and a deformation result is obtained in a fitting mode. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a shape control method of a space curved surface structure formed by laser selective melting, which effectively controls the deformation of a space free curved surface through the lattice design along a molded surface and the reinforcement effect of an outer skin, and simultaneously, the air film hole is precisely formed through the laser selective melting technology, thereby realizing the integrated formation of a complex space curved surface and the air film hole structure, greatly shortening the machining period and reducing the machining procedures; the method can be popularized and applied to other laser selective melting forming parts, and has wide social and economic benefits.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a spatial curved surface structural part with air film holes formed by selective laser melting;
FIG. 2 is a schematic supporting view of a part with a space curved surface structure and a gas film hole;
FIG. 3 is a drawing of the forming accuracy of other embodiments of the space-curved structural part with gas film holes of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows the forming precision of the space curved surface structural part with the air film hole according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a shape control method for forming a space curved surface structure by selective laser melting includes the following steps:
s1, model processing: adding allowance by UG software according to the characteristics of the space curved surface structural part with the air film hole and designing a lattice structure;
s2, laser selective melting forming: selecting a proper placement angle between the lattice structure and the space curved surface structure part with the air film holes in Magics software, adding support, slicing and filling, and printing and forming;
s3, post-processing: carrying out solution heat treatment on the selected laser region and the substrate after melting and forming, removing a support and a lattice structure on the part after linear cutting, and then carrying out surface treatment;
s4, size appearance detection: and fitting the obtained space curved surface structural part with the air film hole with a three-dimensional model.
And 2mm of allowance is added to the machined surface in the step S1, 0.2mm of grinding allowance is added to the non-machined surface, the profile curvature distribution trend and the air film hole distribution rule of the part with the air film hole in the space curved surface structure are analyzed, and the conformal solid structure is designed. Performing lattice operation on the entity structure in UG software;
the one side profile with the air film holes in the S1 is designed to avoid the air film holes, the other side profile without the air film holes is distributed in a sectional manner, and a skin with the thickness of 0.5mm is added to the outer side of all lattice structures;
the lattice in the S1 is a uniform cube, the unit cell type is "QuadDiaametra", the side length is 8mm, and the rod diameter is 1mm;
in the S2, the projection area of the part in the XY plane is smaller, and the rib plate structure of the inner cavity of the part is convenient to form in a self-supporting mode, so that the space curved surface structure part is placed in a mode of being selected to form an included angle of 90 degrees with the base plate;
in the step S2, solid supports and non-solid supports are added in the range that the surface angle is lower than 45 degrees, the non-solid supports are provided with diamond holes, powder is convenient to clean, and the solid supports are used for reinforcing and transferring heat and are intermittent sheets along the outline. Slicing after the support design is finished, wherein the layer thickness is 0.04mm, and then calling a special process parameter package to carry out data filling, so that the contour dimension precision and the air film hole precision meet the use requirements. Finally, the data is imported into the device, and the laser selective melting forming device is utilized for printing and forming.
In the step S3, the part and the substrate are put into a vacuum heat treatment furnace together for solution treatment, and after the solution treatment is finished, the wire cutting procedure is carried out, and the part and the substrate are separated;
in S3, most of the parts are supported and chiseled by using a hammer and a chisel, the angle of the parts needs to be adjusted during the period, and for some parts which are difficult to reach by the chisel, the supporting pliers are used under the supporting pliers by using a screwdriver or a deflection pliers. Cutting and blocking the skin of the crystal lattice by using an angle grinder, removing the skin on the surface of the part by using a pneumatic gun, and finally removing the crystal lattice along the molded surface of the part;
in the step S3, the electric grinding pen is used for carrying out work such as grinding of the supporting surface of the part, a grinding gun is used for polishing and brightening the removed supporting part, and sand blasting is carried out after polishing is finished;
in the step S3, the part with the space curved surface structure and the air film hole is subjected to blue light scanning, and is compared with a theoretical model of the part, and a best fitting mode is adopted to obtain a deformation result.
The invention provides a shape control method of a space curved surface structure formed by laser selective melting, which effectively controls the deformation of a space free curved surface through the lattice design along a molded surface and the reinforcement effect of an outer skin, and simultaneously, the air film hole is precisely formed through the laser selective melting technology, thereby realizing the integrated formation of a complex space curved surface and the air film hole structure, greatly shortening the machining period and reducing the machining procedures; the method can be popularized and applied to other laser selective melting forming parts, and has wide social and economic benefits.
All technical features in the embodiment can be freely combined according to actual needs.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A shape control method for a space curved surface structure formed by selective laser melting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, model processing: adding allowance by UG software according to the characteristics of the space curved surface structural part with the air film hole and designing a lattice structure;
s2, laser selective melting forming: selecting a proper placement angle between the lattice structure and the space curved surface structure part with the air film holes in Magics software, adding support, slicing and filling, and printing and forming;
s3, post-processing: carrying out solution heat treatment on the selected laser region and the substrate after melting and forming, removing a support and a lattice structure on the part after linear cutting, and then carrying out surface treatment;
s4, size appearance detection: and fitting the obtained space curved surface structural part with the air film hole with a three-dimensional model.
2. The shape control method of the space curved surface structure formed by selective laser melting according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step S1, 2mm allowance is added on a machined surface, 0.2mm grinding allowance is added on a non-machined surface, the profile curvature distribution trend and the air film hole distribution rule of the space curved surface structure part with the air film holes are analyzed, and a conformal solid structure is designed; and performing lattice operation on the entity structure in UG software.
3. The method for controlling the shape of the spatial curved surface structure by selective laser melting according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, one side of the molded surface with the air film holes is designed to avoid the air film holes, the designed crystal lattices are distributed at intervals, the other side of the molded surface without the air film holes is distributed in sections, and a skin with the thickness of 0.5mm is added to the outer side of all the crystal lattices.
4. The method for controlling the shape of a spatially curved surface structure by selective laser melting according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the crystal lattice is a uniform cube, the unit cell type is quadricastral, the side length is 8mm, and the rod diameter is 1mm.
5. The shape control method of a space curved surface structure formed by selective laser melting according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the projection area of the part in an XY plane is smaller, and the rib plate structure of the inner cavity of the part is convenient to form in a self-supporting manner, so that the space curved surface structure part is placed in a manner of selecting an included angle of 90 degrees with the substrate.
6. The shape control method of a space curved surface structure formed by selective laser melting according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, solid supports and non-solid supports are added in the range of the surface angle lower than 45 degrees, the non-solid supports are provided with diamond holes, so that powder is convenient to clean, and the solid supports are used for strengthening and heat transfer and are intermittent sheets along the outline; slicing after the support design is finished, wherein the layer thickness is 0.04mm, and then calling a special process parameter package to carry out data filling so that the contour dimension precision and the air film hole precision meet the use requirements; the data is imported into the device, and is printed and formed by using a laser selective melting forming device.
7. The method for controlling the shape of a spatially curved surface structure by selective laser melting according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the component and the substrate are placed together in a vacuum heat treatment furnace for solution treatment, and after completion, the process is transferred to a wire-electrode cutting process to separate the component from the substrate.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, a hammer and a chisel are used to support and chisel most of the part, the angle of the part is required to be adjusted during the period, and for some parts which are difficult to reach by the chisel, a screwdriver or a deflection pliers are used to lower the support pliers; the skin of the lattice is cut and segmented by using an angle grinder, then the skin on the surface of the part is removed by using a pneumatic gun, and the lattice is removed along the profile of the part.
9. The method for controlling the shape of a spatially curved surface structure by selective laser melting according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the electric grinding pen is used to perform work such as grinding the supporting surface of the part, the grinding gun is used to polish the removed supporting part, and sand blasting is performed after polishing is completed.
10. The shape control method of a space curved surface structure formed by selective laser melting according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, a space curved surface structure part with a gas film hole is subjected to blue light scanning, and is compared with a theoretical model of the part, and a deformation result is obtained by adopting a fitting mode.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311268623.2A CN117282983A (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | Shape control method for laser selective melting forming space curved surface structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311268623.2A CN117282983A (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | Shape control method for laser selective melting forming space curved surface structure |
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| CN117282983A true CN117282983A (en) | 2023-12-26 |
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| CN202311268623.2A Pending CN117282983A (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | Shape control method for laser selective melting forming space curved surface structure |
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