CN117280253A - Projection device for head-up display with P-polarized radiation - Google Patents
Projection device for head-up display with P-polarized radiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN117280253A CN117280253A CN202280004616.9A CN202280004616A CN117280253A CN 117280253 A CN117280253 A CN 117280253A CN 202280004616 A CN202280004616 A CN 202280004616A CN 117280253 A CN117280253 A CN 117280253A
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
- B32B17/10183—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer being not continuous, e.g. in edge regions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
- B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
- B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
- B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
- B32B17/10458—Polarization selective transmission
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0018—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for preventing ghost images
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Optical Elements (AREA)
- Instrument Panels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a projection device (101) for a head-up display (HUD), comprising at least a composite glass pane (100) having a projection region (P), a main viewing region (H), an upper edge (O), a lower edge (U) and two lateral glass pane edges (S), wherein the composite glass pane (100) comprises an outer glass pane (1) having an outer side surface (I) and an inner side surface (II) and an inner glass pane (2) having an outer side surface (III) and an inner side surface (IV), which are joined to one another by a thermoplastic interlayer (3); and-a projector (4) directed to the projection area (P) and emitting P-polarized radiation, wherein a reflective layer (20) adapted to reflect P-polarized radiation and designed as a thin layer stack comprising at least one silver-based conductive layer is arranged at least in the projection area (P) on an inner side surface (II) of the outer glass plate (1) or an outer side surface (III) of the inner glass plate (2), and an antireflective coating (30) comprising, starting from the inner glass plate (2), exactly one high refractive index layer (31) with a refractive index of more than 1.9 and a thickness of at most 40nm and exactly one low refractive index layer (32) with a refractive index of less than 1.6 and a thickness of at most 60nm is arranged at least in the projection area (P) on an inner side surface (IV) of the inner glass plate (2).
Description
The present invention relates to a projection device for a head-up display.
Modern automobiles are increasingly equipped with so-called heads-up displays (HUDs). The image is projected onto the windscreen by a projector, typically located in the dashboard area, where it is reflected and perceived by the driver as a virtual image behind the windscreen (from his perspective). Thus, important information, such as current driving speed, navigation or warning information, can be projected into the driver's field of view, which the driver can perceive without having to take his line of sight away from the road. Thus, head-up displays may make a significant contribution to improving traffic safety.
HUD projectors typically illuminate the windshield at an angle of incidence of about 65 deg., which is derived from the angle of installation of the windshield and the positioning of the projector in the vehicle. The angle of incidence is close to the brewster angle of the air-glass transition (soda lime glass is about 56.5 °). Conventional HUD projectors emit s-polarized radiation that is effectively reflected by the glass surface at such angles of incidence. A problem arises here in that the projector image is reflected on both outer surfaces of the windscreen plate. Thus, in addition to the desired main image, a slightly shifted sub-image, the so-called ghost image ("phantom"), may also appear. This problem is usually alleviated by arranging the surfaces at an angle to each other, in particular by laminating a windscreen plate designed as a composite glass plate using a wedge-shaped interlayer, so that the main image and the phantom image overlap each other. Composite glasses with wedge-shaped films for HUDs are known, for example, from WO2009071135A1, EP1800855B1 or EP1880243A 2.
Wedge-shaped films are expensive and therefore the production of such composite glass sheets for HUDs is very expensive. Therefore, there is a need for a HUD projection device that is also possible using a windshield plate without a wedge film. For example, the HUD projector may be operated using p-polarized radiation that is not significantly reflected on the surface of the glass plate. Instead, the windscreen plate has a reflective layer, in particular a metallic layer and/or a dielectric layer, as a reflective surface for p-polarized radiation. HUD projection devices of this type are known, for example, from DE102014220189A1, US2017242247A1, WO2019046157A1 and WO2019179683A 1.
However, reflection of p-polarized radiation on the glass surface is completely suppressed only when the angle of incidence corresponds exactly to the brewster angle. Since a typical angle of incidence of about 65 deg. is close to, but significantly offset from, the brewster angle, a certain residual reflection of the projector radiation on the glass surface results. While reflection on the outside surface of the outer glass sheet is reduced due to reflection of radiation on the reflective layer, reflection on the inside surface of the inner glass sheet may appear as a phantom, albeit weak, but still disturbing. Furthermore, the angle of incidence of 65 ° is based on only one point on the windscreen plate. However, as a result of the HUD projector illuminating a larger HUD area on the windscreen plate, larger angles of incidence, for example up to 75 ° or even up to 80 °, may also occur locally. The intensity of the phantom is greater because of the more pronounced deviations from the brewster angle here. Furthermore, it is observed that automotive manufacturers tend to install flatter windshield panels. Thereby enabling the incident angle and thus the deviation from the brewster angle to become greater.
CN113071165a discloses a HUD projection device operating with p-polarized radiation to generate a HUD image, the device having an outer glass plate, a wedge-shaped interlayer and an inner glass plate, wherein a coating reflecting p-polarized radiation is applied on the inner side surface of the outer glass plate and a reflection enhancing coating is applied on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate.
WO2021122848A1 discloses a HUD system comprising a light source projecting p-polarized light onto a glazing, wherein the glazing comprises an outer glass sheet having a first surface and a second surface and an inner glass sheet having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the second surface of the inner glass sheet comprises a reflective coating, the two glass sheets being joined by at least one interlayer material layer, the reflective coating comprising at least one high refractive index layer having a thickness of 50 to 100nm and at least one low refractive index layer having a thickness of 70 to 160nm, wherein the at least one high refractive index layer comprises at least one of oxides of Zr, nb, sn, mixed oxides of Ti, zr, nb, si, sb, sn, zn, in, nitrides of Si, zr and mixed nitrides of Si, zr.
WO2019179682A1, WO2019179683A1, WO2019206493A1 and US20190064516A1 disclose a windscreen plate for a HUD projection device provided with an anti-reflection coating on an inner side surface of the inner glass plate, wherein the anti-reflection coating comprises, starting from the inner glass plate, a first high refractive index layer, a first low refractive index layer, a second high refractive index layer and a second low refractive index layer.
US20020142151A1 discloses a substrate having an antireflective layer comprising a high refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.6 to 1.8 and a low refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.3 to 1.5 on one of the surfaces of the substrate and an antireflective layer comprising a low refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.4 to 1.5 on the other surface of the substrate.
US 6,924,037 B1 discloses a composite glass sheet comprising a first substrate joined to a second substrate by a thermoplastic layer, wherein an anti-reflection layer is arranged on the surface of the first substrate facing away from the thermoplastic layer, the anti-reflection layer comprising, starting from the first substrate, a high refractive index first layer having a refractive index of 1.8 to 2.2 and a thickness of 5 to 50nm, a low refractive index second layer having a refractive index of 1.35 to 1.65 and a thickness of 5 to 50nm, a high refractive index third layer having a refractive index of 1.8 to 2.2 and a thickness of 70 to 120nm, and a low refractive index fourth layer having a refractive index of 1.35 to 1.65 and a thickness of at least 80 nm. Optionally, a further antireflection layer or alternatively an antireflection coating or other functional layer designed in a different way can be arranged on the surface of the second substrate facing away from the thermoplastic layer.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved HUD projection device wherein the HUD image is generated by reflecting p-polarized radiation on a reflective layer and wherein disturbing reflections on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate due to a larger range of angles of incidence are reduced.
According to the invention, the object is achieved by a projection device according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
A projection device for a head-up display (HUD) according to the present invention includes a composite glass sheet and a projector. As is common in the case of HUDs, the projector illuminates an area of the composite glass sheet in which the radiation is reflected towards the observer, thereby creating a virtual image which the observer perceives behind the windscreen sheet from his perspective.
The composite glass sheet has a primary perspective region and a projection region. The area of the composite glass sheet that can be illuminated by the projector is referred to in the context of this application as the projected area. In the context of the present application, the area of the vehicle driver or observer looking primarily through the composite glass sheet is referred to as the primary perspective area. The beam direction of the projector can be changed, typically using mirrors, in particular in the vertical direction, to adapt the projection to the height of the observer. The area in which the eyes of the observer must be located at a given mirror position is called the eye movement window. This eye movement window can be moved vertically by adjusting the mirror, wherein the entire area that is accessible thereby (i.e. the superposition of all possible eye movement windows) is called the eye movement range. A viewer located within the eye movement range may perceive a virtual image. This, of course, means that the eyes of the observer must be within the eyebox, rather than, for example, the entire body.
In one embodiment, the main perspective region overlaps the projection region. However, the projection region is preferably arranged outside the main perspective region and thus does not overlap therewith.
The composite glass sheet includes an outer glass sheet and an inner glass sheet that are joined to one another by a thermoplastic interlayer. The composite glass sheet is configured to isolate the interior space from the external environment in a window opening of the vehicle. In the context of the present invention, an inner glass sheet refers to a glass sheet of a composite glass sheet facing the interior space of a vehicle. The outer glass plate refers to a glass plate facing the external environment.
The composite glass sheet has an upper edge and a lower edge and two side edges extending therebetween. The upper edge means an edge arranged to be directed upwards in the mounted position. The lower edge means an edge arranged to be directed downwards in the mounted position. In the case of a windshield panel, the upper edge is commonly referred to as the top edge and the lower edge is referred to as the engine edge.
The outer and inner glass sheets have outer and inner surfaces, respectively, and surrounding side edges extending therebetween. In the context of the present invention, the outer side surface refers to a main surface that is arranged to face the external environment in the mounted position. In the context of the present invention, the inner side surface refers to a main surface arranged to face the inner space in the mounted position. The inner side surface of the outer glass sheet and the outer side surface of the inner glass sheet face each other and are joined to each other by a thermoplastic interlayer.
The outer surface of the outer glass sheet is referred to as the I-plane. The inner side surface of the outer glass sheet is referred to as the II-side. The outer side surface of the inner glass sheet is referred to as the III-plane. The inner side surface of the inner glass sheet is referred to as the IV-face.
The projector is directed toward a projection area of the composite glass sheet. The projector is disposed inside the composite glass sheet and irradiates the composite glass sheet through an inside surface of the inner glass sheet. The projector emits p-polarized radiation. The radiation of the projector is thus completely or almost completely p-polarized (substantially pure p-polarized). The proportion of p-polarized radiation is 100% or only slightly offset therefrom. The polarization direction is based here on the plane of incidence of the radiation on the composite glass pane. p-polarized radiation refers to radiation whose electric field oscillates in the plane of incidence. The plane of incidence is spanned by the vector of incidence at the geometric center of the illuminated region and the surface normal of the composite glass sheet.
According to the invention, a reflective layer adapted to reflect p-polarized radiation is arranged on the inner side surface of the outer glass plate or on the outer side surface of the inner glass plate, at least in the projection area. The reflective layer is designed as a thin layer stack comprising at least one silver-based conductive layer.
To achieve less disturbance of the ghost image caused by the slight reflection of the p-polarized radiation on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate, it is necessary to increase the contrast of the desired reflection compared to the undesired reflection. Therefore, the ratio of the reflection on the reflective layer to the reflection on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate must be changed to facilitate the reflection on the reflective layer. According to the invention, an antireflection coating comprising exactly one high refractive index layer and exactly one low refractive index layer is applied to the inner surface of the inner glass plate at least in the projection region, in order to reduce the reflection at this inner surface. According to the invention, the high refractive index layer has a refractive index greater than 1.9 and a thickness of at most 40nm, and the low refractive index layer has a refractive index less than 1.6 and a thickness of at most 60nm.
As described above, the antireflective coating comprises exactly one high refractive index layer and exactly one low refractive index layer starting from the inner glass plate. The antireflective coating has no other layers apart from the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer. The anti-reflective coating used in the projection device according to the invention is thus different from the anti-reflective coatings disclosed in WO2019179682A1, WO2019179683A1, WO2019206493A1 and US20190064516A1, each having two high refractive index layers and two low refractive index layers arranged alternately.
The composite pane according to the invention is preferably a vehicle windshield pane, in particular a vehicle windshield pane, for example a passenger vehicle or a load-carrying vehicle. HUDs are particularly common in which projector radiation is reflected at the windshield plate to produce an image that is perceivable by the driver (observer). In principle, however, it is also conceivable to project the HUD projection onto other glass panes, in particular onto a vehicle glass pane, for example a side glass pane or a rear glass pane. The person or other vehicle that is about to collide may be marked, for example, by the HUD of the side glass panel, as long as its position is determined by a camera or other sensor. The HUD of the rear glass plate can provide information to the driver when reversing the vehicle.
During operation of the HUD, p-polarized radiation emitted by the projector irradiates the projection area to produce a HUD projection. The radiation of the projector is in the visible spectrum of the electromagnetic spectrum-common HUD projectors operate with wavelengths of about 470nm, 550nm and 630nm (RGB). The use of p-polarized radiation also has the advantage that the HUD image is visible to the wearer of polarization selective sunglasses which typically only allow p-polarized radiation to pass through and block s-polarized radiation.
The angle of incidence of the projector radiation is the angle between the incident vector of the projector radiation and the surface normal of the inner side (i.e. the surface normal on the outer surface of the inner side of the composite glass sheet). For a typical HUD device, the angle of incidence of the projector radiation on the composite glass sheet is approximately 65 °. This value results in particular from the mounting angle (65 °) of a usual windscreen of a passenger motor vehicle and from the fact that the projector is illuminating the glass panel from just below (i.e. the projector radiation is emitted substantially vertically). The geometric center of the HUD area is typically used to determine the angle of incidence. However, since the illumination is not a point but a region (i.e. the HUD region) and furthermore the projector radiation can also be adjusted within certain limits (by means of projection elements such as lenses and mirrors) so that the HUD image can be perceived by observers of different heights, there is actually an angular distribution of incidence in the HUD region. Such an angle of incidence distribution must be taken as a basis when a projection arrangement is envisaged. The angle of incidence that occurs is generally 58 ° to 72 °, preferably 62 ° to 68 °. These values are based on the entire projection area such that no incident angle outside the range occurs at any point in the projection area. In the case of projection arrangements in which the projection area is located below the main viewing area of the composite pane, in particular in the region of the masking strip or the covering print, the angle of occurrence is generally 60 ° to 80 °, preferably 65 ° to 75 °.
In a preferred embodiment of the projection device according to the invention, the p-polarized radiation of the projector impinges on the composite glass pane at an angle of incidence of 60 ° to 80 °, particularly preferably 65 ° to 75 °.
As described above, the composite glass sheet according to the present invention is equipped with a reflective layer. The reflective layer is arranged to reflect radiation of the projector. Suitable for this purpose are reflective layers which reflect p-polarized radiation. The reflective layer may also be referred to as a p-polarized light reflective layer. Thereby, a virtual image is generated by the projector radiation, which image can be perceived by a viewer (in particular the driver of the vehicle) from his perspective behind the composite glass pane. The reflective layer is arranged according to the invention inside the composite glass pane. It may be arranged on the inner side surface of the outer glass plate facing the intermediate layer or on the outer side surface of the inner glass plate facing the intermediate layer.
It is particularly preferred that the reflective layer is arranged on the outer surface of the inner glass pane, since the projection radiation must now cover the shortest possible path through the composite glass pane until it impinges on the reflective layer. This is advantageous in terms of the quality of the HUD image.
The reflective layer is preferably transparent, which in the context of the present invention means that it has an average transmission in the visible spectrum of at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, and thus does not significantly limit the transmission through the composite glass sheet. In principle, it is sufficient if the projection area of the composite glass sheet is provided with a reflective layer. However, other areas may also be provided with a reflective layer, and the composite glass sheet may be provided with a reflective layer substantially over the whole surface, which may be preferred for production reasons. In one embodiment of the invention, at least 80% of the surface of the glass sheet is provided with a reflective layer. In particular, the reflective layer is applied to the entire surface of the glass pane, except for the surrounding edge region and optionally a partial region, which is to be used as a communication window, sensor window or camera window to ensure the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the windscreen pane and is therefore not provided with a reflective layer. For example, the width of the surrounding uncoated edge region may be as high as 20 cm. It prevents the reflective layer from being in direct contact with the surrounding atmosphere, thereby protecting the reflective layer inside the composite glass sheet from corrosion and damage.
In a preferred embodiment of the projection device according to the invention, the projection area is arranged outside the main viewing area and the anti-reflection coating is arranged on the inner side surface of the inner glass pane in an area outside the main viewing area comprising the projection area. The region in which the antireflection coating is arranged may here correspond exactly to the projection region or to the projection region and the region adjacent thereto that is outside the main perspective region.
In order to achieve an advantageous effect on the HUD projection, an anti-reflection coating must be arranged on the inner surface of the inner glass plate at least in the projection area. In an advantageous embodiment, the anti-reflective coating is not applied over the whole of the inner side surface, but only over sub-areas of the inner side surface which are located outside the main transparent area and which correspond for example to a maximum of 5%, including preferably a maximum of 50%, of the total surface area. The sub-region includes the entire projected region and may optionally include other regions adjacent to the projected region. For example, only the lower subregion of the composite glass sheet adjacent to the lower edge may be fully or partially provided with an anti-reflection coating. By the non-planar arrangement of the anti-reflection coating, material can be saved on the one hand. On the other hand, other functional areas of the composite glass sheet, such as the camera area or sensor area, which are usually arranged near the upper edge, remain uncoated and are therefore not damaged. Since the anti-reflection coating is disposed outside the main see-through region, the transparency of the composite glass sheet in the main see-through region is not affected by the anti-reflection coating.
Particularly preferred are embodiments in which the projection area is arranged adjacent to the lower edge of the composite glass sheet. The projection region may be arranged directly adjacent or indirectly adjacent to the lower edge. Indirect adjacency is understood to mean that the projection area is not directly adjacent to the lower edge, but is arranged at a distance from the lower edge, for example a few centimeters.
As described above, in the projection apparatus according to the present invention, the antireflection coating including exactly one high refractive index layer having a refractive index of more than 1.9 and a thickness of at most 40nm and exactly one low refractive index layer having a refractive index of less than 1.6 and a thickness of at most 60nm is disposed on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate at least in the projection region.
Preferably, the high refractive index layer is formed on the basis of silicon nitride, tin zinc oxide, silicon zirconium nitride, silicon titanium nitride, silicon hafnium nitride or titanium oxide, with particular preference on the basis of silicon zirconium nitride or in particular titanium oxide.
The low refractive index layer is preferably formed based on silicon dioxide or doped silicon oxide.
In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the high refractive index layer is at most 30nm, particularly preferably at most 20nm, very particularly preferably at most 15nm.
In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the low refractive index layer is at most 50nm, particularly preferably at most 40nm, very particularly preferably at most 30nm.
The minimum thickness of the antireflective coating, i.e. the sum of the thicknesses of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer, is preferably at least 40nm, particularly preferably at least 50nm.
As described above, the reflective layer has at least one silver-based conductive layer. The conductive layer preferably contains at least 90% by weight of silver, particularly preferably at least 99% by weight of silver, very particularly preferably at least 99.9% by weight of silver. The silver layer may have a dopant such as palladium, gold, copper or aluminum. The silver layer is typically 5nm to 20nm thick.
Typically, a dielectric layer or layer sequence is arranged above and below the conductive layer. If the reflective coating comprises a plurality of conductive layers, each conductive layer is preferably arranged between two generally dielectric layers or layer sequences, respectively, such that a dielectric layer or layer sequence, respectively, is arranged between adjacent conductive layers. Therefore, the reflective layer preferably hasnConductive layern+1) Thin-layer stacks of individual dielectric layers or layer sequences, in whichnIs a natural number and wherein the conductive layers and the dielectric layers or layer sequences are alternately arranged on the lower dielectric layer or layer sequence, respectively. Such reflective layers are known as sun protection coatings and heatable coatings. By means of the at least one electrically conductive layer, the reflective layer has IR-reflecting properties, so that it acts as a sun protection coating, which reduces the temperature rise of the vehicle interior space by reflection of thermal radiation. The reflective layer may also be used as a heating coating if it is electrically contacted such that an electrical current flows through it and the current heats the reflective layer.
Common dielectric layers of such thin-layer stacks are, for example:
an antireflection layer which reduces the reflection of visible light and thus increases the transparency of the coated glass sheet, for example based on silicon nitride, silicon-metal-mixed nitrides such as zirconium silicon nitride, titanium oxide, aluminum nitride or tin oxide, with a layer thickness of, for example, 10nm to 100 nm;
an adaptation layer, for example based on zinc oxide (ZnO), which improves the crystallinity of the conductive layer, with a layer thickness of, for example, 3nm to 20 nm;
a smoothing layer, which improves the surface structure for the underlying layer, for example amorphous oxides based on tin, silicon, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, gallium and/or indium, in particular tin-zinc-mixed oxide (ZnSnO), with a layer thickness of, for example, 3nm to 20 nm.
By means of the at least one electrically conductive layer, such a reflective layer has reflective properties in the visible spectral range, which to some extent also always occur for p-polarized radiation. By a suitable choice of the layer thickness, in particular of the layer thickness of the dielectric layer sequence, the reflection of p-polarized radiation can be specifically optimized.
In addition to the conductive layer and the dielectric layer, the reflective layer may include a barrier layer that protects the conductive layer from degradation. For example, the barrier layer is typically a very thin metal-containing layer based on niobium, titanium, nickel, chromium and/or alloys, with a layer thickness of, for example, 0.1nm to 2nm.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the reflective layer has exactly one silver-based conductive layer.
In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the reflective layer has exactly one silver-based conductive layer, and a lower dielectric layer or layer sequence is arranged below the conductive layer, having a refractive index of at least 1.9, an upper dielectric layer or layer sequence is arranged above the conductive layer, having a refractive index of at least 1.9, and the ratio of the optical thickness of the upper dielectric layer or layer sequence to the optical thickness of the lower dielectric layer or layer sequence is at least 1.7. The reflective layer can thus be constructed, for example, as described in WO 2021/104800 A1.
In the context of the present invention, the refractive index is generally given in principle on the basis of a wavelength of 550 nm. Unless otherwise indicated, layer thicknesses or data for thicknesses are based on the geometric thickness of the layers.
If the first layer is arranged above the second layer, this means in the context of the present invention that the first layer is arranged further away from the substrate to which the coating is applied than the second layer. If the first layer is arranged below the second layer, this means in the context of the present invention that the second layer is arranged further away from the substrate than the first layer.
If the layer is formed on the basis of a material, the layer essentially consists of the material, in particular essentially of the material, apart from possible impurities or dopants. The oxides and nitrides mentioned may be deposited stoichiometrically, sub-stoichiometrically or super-stoichiometrically (even if the stoichiometric overall formula is given for better understanding). They may have dopants, for example aluminium, zirconium, titanium or boron.
In a preferred embodiment of the projection device according to the invention, an opaque masking layer is arranged on the inner side surface of the outer glass plate in an area comprising at least the projection area, and a reflective layer is arranged on the outer side surface of the outer glass plate in at least the projection area.
In this embodiment, the reflective layer is thus arranged spatially in front of and overlapping the opaque masking layer in the projection region in the perspective through the composite glass pane, which enables a good image display with high contrast against the opaque background designed as an opaque masking layer, so that the image display looks bright and is therefore also excellently identifiable. This advantageously enables to reduce the power of the projector and thus the energy consumption. This is a great advantage of this embodiment.
The expression "in perspective through the composite glass sheet" means looking through the composite glass sheet from the inner side surface of the inner glass sheet. In the context of the present invention, "spatially forward" means that the reflective layer is spatially disposed farther from the outer surface of the outer glass pane than the opaque masking layer.
The opaque masking layer is preferably a coating formed from one or more layers. Alternatively, however, it may also be an opaque element, such as a film, inserted into the composite glass sheet. According to a preferred embodiment of the composite glass sheet, the masking layer consists of a single layer. This has the advantage that the composite glass sheet is particularly simple and inexpensive to manufacture, since only a single layer needs to be formed for the masking layer.
The opaque masking layer is in particular an opaque overlay print made of dark, preferably black, enamel.
The opaque masking layer is preferably a peripheral, i.e. frame-like masking layer, which is thus arranged in the surrounding edge region. The outer peripheral opaque masking layer also serves as a UV shield for the assembly adhesive of the composite glass sheet.
An opaque masking layer designed as an opaque overlay print may be formed over the entire face. The covering print can also be designed at least partially to be translucent, for example as a dot grid, a stripe grid or a diamond grid. Alternatively, the overlay print may also have a gradient, for example from opaque overlay to translucent overlay.
The invention therefore also relates to a projection device for a head-up display (HUD), comprising at least
-a composite glass sheet having a projection area, a main viewing area, an upper edge, a lower edge and two lateral glass sheet edges, wherein the composite glass sheet comprises an outer glass sheet having an outer side surface and an inner glass sheet having an outer side surface and an inner side surface, which are joined to each other by a thermoplastic interlayer; and
a projector directed at the projection area and emitting p-polarized radiation,
Wherein the method comprises the steps of
Disposing an opaque masking layer on the inner side surface of the outer glass sheet in an area including at least the projection area;
a reflective layer adapted to reflect p-polarized radiation and designed as a thin layer stack comprising at least one silver-based conductive layer is arranged on the outer side surface of the inner glass pane at least in the projection region;
and is also provided with
An anti-reflection coating is disposed on the inside surface of the inner glass plate at least in the projection area,
wherein the anti-reflection coating comprises, starting from the inner glass pane, exactly one high refractive index layer having a refractive index of more than 1.9 and a thickness of at most 40nm and exactly one low refractive index layer having a refractive index of less than 1.6 and a thickness of at most 60nm.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the opaque masking layer is arranged in the surrounding edge region and has a greater width, in particular in the region overlapping the projection region, than in a region differing therefrom.
Reflectivity R of the reflective layer for p-polarized radiation 20 Reflectivity R for p-polarized radiation with the inner surface of the inner glass plate with an anti-reflection coating VI The ratio (expressed as a reflector；R 20 Divided by R VI ) Preferably at least 4:1, particularly preferably at least 5:1, very particularly preferably at least 7:1, more precisely for all angles of incidence occurring in the projection region.
Reflectivity describes the proportion of all incident p-polarized radiation that is reflected. It is shown in% (based on 100% of the incident radiation) or as a number of units free from 0 to 1 (normalized based on the incident radiation). When plotted depending on wavelength, it forms a reflection spectrum. The data on reflectivity is based on reflectance measurements using a light source of light type a that radiates with 100% normalized radiation intensity over the spectral range of 380nm to 780 nm.
The arrangement of an anti-reflection coating according to the invention on the inner side surface results in a significant reduction of the undesired ghost image. In principle, there is also a certain reflection of the projector radiation on the outer surface of the outer glass plate, which also leads to a ghost image. However, since the radiation intensity has been reduced by the reflection on the reflective layer before this reflection, the ghost image appears less distinct and the reflection on the outer side surface of the outer glass plate is less severe.
Reflection of projector radiation occurs primarily on the reflective layer. Residual reflection from the inside surface of the inner glass sheet is further reduced by the anti-reflection coating. Thus, it is not necessary to arrange the outer glass plate surfaces at an angle to each other to avoid ghosting. The outer surfaces of the composite glass sheets (i.e. the inner side surface of the inner glass sheet and the outer side surface of the outer glass sheet) are thus preferably arranged substantially parallel to each other. For this purpose, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably not designed as a wedge shape, but rather has a substantially constant thickness, in particular in a vertical course between the upper and lower edges of the composite glass pane, just like the inner and outer glass pane. In contrast, the wedge-shaped intermediate layer has a variable, in particular increased, thickness in the vertical course between the lower edge and the upper edge of the composite glass pane. The intermediate layer is typically formed from at least one thermoplastic film. Since standard films are significantly cheaper than wedge films, composite glass sheets become cheaper to produce.
The outer and inner glass sheets are preferably made of glass, in particular soda lime glass, which is common for window glass sheets. In principle, however, the glass plate can also be made of other types of glass (e.g. borosilicate glass, quartz glass, aluminosilicate glass) or transparent plastics (e.g. polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate). The thickness of the outer and inner glass sheets can vary widely. Preferably, glass sheets having a thickness of 0.8mm to 5mm, preferably 1.4mm to 2.5mm, for example with a standard thickness of 1.6mm or 2.1mm, are used.
In a preferred embodiment, the inner glass pane has a thickness of at most 1.6mm, particularly preferably at most 1.4mm, very particularly preferably at most 1.1 mm.
The outer glass pane, inner glass pane and thermoplastic interlayer may be transparent and colorless, but may also be tinted or colored. In a preferred embodiment, the total transmission through the windshield plate (including the reflective coating) in the primary see-through region is greater than 70% (light type a). The term "total transmittance" is based on the method specified in ECE-R43, appendix 3, section 9.1 for testing the transmittance of motor vehicle glass panels. The outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet may be unstressed, partially prestressed or prestressed independently of each other. If at least one of the glass sheets should have a pre-stress, this may be a thermal pre-stress or a chemical pre-stress.
The inner glass pane is preferably not colored or tinted.
The composite glass sheet is preferably bent in one or more directions in space, which is common for automotive glass sheets, wherein the common radius of curvature is from about 10cm to about 40m. However, the composite glass sheet may also be flat, for example when it is provided as a glass sheet for a bus, train or tractor.
The thermoplastic interlayer comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or Polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, with PVB being particularly preferred. The intermediate layer is typically formed of a thermoplastic film (tie film). The thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably 0.2mm to 2mm, particularly preferably 0.3mm to 1mm. The thermoplastic interlayer may be formed from a single film or more than one film. The thermoplastic intermediate layer may also be a film having functional properties, such as a film having acoustic damping properties.
The composite glass sheet can be manufactured by methods known per se. The outer and inner glass sheets are laminated together by an interlayer, for example, by an autoclave process, a vacuum bag process, a vacuum ring process, a calendaring process, a vacuum laminator, or a combination thereof. The outer and inner glass sheets are joined here, typically under the influence of heat, vacuum and/or pressure.
The reflective layer is preferably applied to the glass plate surface prior to lamination by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), particularly preferably by cathode sputtering ("sputtering"), very particularly preferably by magnetic field assisted cathode sputtering ("magnetron sputtering").
The antireflective coating is preferably applied to the inside surface of the inner glass sheet by magnetic field assisted cathode sputtering ("magnetron sputtering") or atmospheric pressure plasma deposition ("atmospheric pressure plasma deposition"). This may be done before or after lamination. The antireflective coating is preferably applied prior to the lamination and possible bending process, as the coating can be applied more easily and with better quality on flat substrates.
If the composite glass sheet should be curved, the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet are preferably subjected to a bending process before lamination and preferably after a possible coating process. The outer and inner glass sheets are preferably bent in unison (i.e. simultaneously and using the same tool) as the shapes of the glass sheets are thereby optimally matched to each other for later lamination. For example, common temperatures for glass bending processes are 500 ℃ to 700 ℃. This temperature treatment also increases transparency and reduces the sheet resistance of the reflective layer.
In the case of vapor deposition (e.g., cathode sputtering) or atmospheric pressure plasma deposition, the non-planar coating may be achieved by masking methods or by subsequent partial removal of the coating (e.g., by laser irradiation or mechanical abrasion). In the case of sol-gel coatings, the coating of the non-whole surface can be achieved by applying the sol only to the desired areas, for example by pad printing (pad printing), screen printing (screen printing), partial application using rollers or brushes or by spraying (painting), or also by masking techniques.
In order to produce the projection device according to the invention, the composite glass sheet and the projector are arranged relative to each other such that the inner glass sheet faces the projector and the projector is directed towards the projection area.
Therefore, according to the invention there is also a method of producing a projection device according to the invention, comprising at least the steps of:
a) Providing a composite glass sheet having a projection area, a main viewing area, an upper edge, a lower edge, and two lateral glass sheet edges,
wherein the composite glass sheet comprises an outer glass sheet having an outer side surface and an inner glass sheet having an outer side surface and an inner side surface, which are joined to each other by a thermoplastic interlayer;
Wherein a reflective layer, which is suitable for reflecting p-polarized radiation and is designed as a thin-layer stack comprising at least one silver-based conductive layer, is arranged at least in the projection region on the inner side surface of the outer glass pane or on the outer side surface of the inner glass pane;
and is also provided with
An anti-reflection coating comprising, starting from the inner glass plate, exactly one high refractive index layer having a refractive index of more than 1.9 and a thickness of at most 40nm and exactly one low refractive index layer having a refractive index of less than 1.6 and a thickness of at most 60nm, is arranged on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate at least in the projection region;
b) The composite glass sheet and the projector emitting p-polarized radiation are arranged such that the inner glass sheet of the composite glass sheet faces the projector and the projector is directed toward a projection area of the composite glass sheet.
The preferred embodiments of the projection device according to the invention described above are correspondingly also applicable to the method of producing the projection device according to the invention and vice versa.
The invention also includes the use of the projection device according to the invention in an amphibious vehicle, wherein the composite glass sheet is preferably a windscreen sheet.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples. The figures are schematic and not drawn to scale. The drawings are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Showing:
figure 1 is a top view of a composite glass sheet of one embodiment of a projection device according to the present invention,
figure 2 is a cross-section through one embodiment of a projection device according to the invention,
figure 3 is a cross-section through another embodiment of a projection device according to the invention,
figure 4 is a top view of a composite glass sheet of another embodiment of a projection device according to the invention,
figure 5 is a cross-section through another embodiment of a projection device according to the invention,
figure 6 is a cross-section through another embodiment of a projection device according to the invention,
FIG. 7 is a cross-section through one embodiment of an anti-reflective coating on an inner glass pane, an
FIG. 8 with TiO 2 Reflectance spectra of coated composite glass sheets and composite glass sheets with anti-reflective coatings.
Fig. 1 shows a top view of a composite glass sheet 100 according to one embodiment of the projection device of the invention. The composite glass sheet 100 has an upper edge O, a lower edge U, and two lateral glass sheet edges S. Further, a main perspective area H and a projection area P of the composite glass sheet 100 are shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 2 shows a section through an embodiment of the projection device 101 according to the invention, wherein this corresponds to a section along the cutting line X' -X in fig. 1. As can be seen from fig. 2, a projection device 101 according to the present invention is shown comprising a composite glass sheet 100 and a projector 4.
The composite glass sheet 100 has an upper edge O, a lower edge U, and two lateral glass sheet edges S. Further, a main perspective area H and a projection area P of the composite glass sheet 100 are shown in fig. 2. The composite glass sheet 100 comprises an outer glass sheet 1 having an outer side surface I and an inner side surface II and an inner glass sheet 2 having an outer side surface III and an inner side surface IV, which are joined to each other by a thermoplastic interlayer 3.
The thermoplastic interlayer 3 is for example an interlayer consisting of PVB and has a thickness of 0.76 mm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 has a substantially constant thickness in addition to the possible surface roughness commonly used in the art-it is not designed as a so-called wedge film.
The outer glass pane 1 and the inner glass pane 2 consist, for example, of soda lime glass. The thickness of the outer glass plate 1 is, for example, 2.1mm, and the thickness of the inner glass plate 2 is, for example, 1.6mm or 1.1mm.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, a reflective layer 20 is applied on the entire outer side surface III of the inner glass pane 2, which is suitable for reflecting p-polarized radiation and is designed as a thin-layer stack comprising at least one silver-based conductive layer.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, an anti-reflection coating 30 is applied to the inner side surface IV of the inner glass pane 2 in the projection region P. The anti-reflective coating 30 comprises exactly one high refractive index layer and exactly one low refractive index layer, wherein the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is greater than 1.9 and has a thickness of maximally 40nm, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is less than 1.6 and has a thickness of maximally 60nm.
The projector 4 is disposed inside the composite glass sheet 100 and irradiates the composite glass sheet 100 through the inside surface IV of the inner glass sheet 2. The projector 4 emits p-polarized radiation which is reflected by the reflective layer 20 towards the viewer 5.
The reflective coating 20 is optimized for reflection of p-polarized radiation. It acts as a reflecting surface for the radiation from the projector 4 to generate a HUD projection. However, since the angle of incidence of the projector radiation deviates from the brewster angle, there is also some reflection of the projector radiation at the air-glass transition, which may lead to the formation of a phantom of low intensity, but potentially disturbing. In particular, the reflection on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass plate 2 may be severe here, since the intensity of the reflected radiation (as opposed to the reflection on the outer side surface I of the outer glass plate 1) is not already attenuated by passing through the reflective coating 20. It is an object of the invention to reduce such ghosting.
The anti-reflection coating 30 on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass plate 2 results in a reflectivity R of the reflection coating 20 20 Divided by the reflectivity R of the surface IV provided with the anti-reflective coating 30 IV Is the reflection quotient of (2)Increased (reflectivity for p-polarized radiation, respectively). The relative intensity ("contrast") of the reflection on the reflective coating 20 with respect to the reflection on the inside surface IV increases and the intensity of the desired main image increases compared to the unwanted ghost image.
Fig. 3 shows a cross section through another embodiment of a projection device 101 according to the invention. The projection device 101 shown in the cross section in fig. 3 differs from that shown in fig. 2 only in the following: the reflective layer 20 is not applied over the entire outer surface of the inner glass plate 2, but over the entire inner surface II of the outer glass plate 1.
Fig. 4 shows a top view of a composite glass sheet 100 of another embodiment of a projection device according to the invention, and fig. 5 shows a cross section through one embodiment of a projection device 101 according to the invention, wherein this corresponds to a cross section along the cutting line X' -X in fig. 4. The embodiment shown in fig. 4 and 5 differs from the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2 only in that: the composite glass pane 100 is provided with an opaque masking layer 6 on the inner side surface II of the outer glass pane 1 in the surrounding edge region, which masking layer has a greater width in the region overlapping the projection region P than in the region differing therefrom. Thus, the area in which the opaque masking layer 6 is disposed includes the surrounding edge area and the projection area P.
The opaque masking layer 6 is for example a cover print made of dark, preferably black enamel.
Fig. 6 shows a cross section of another embodiment of a projection device 101 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in fig. 6 differs from the embodiment shown in fig. 5 only in that: the reflective layer 20 is not applied over the entire inner side surface II of the outer glass pane 1, but only in the projection region P.
Fig. 7 shows a layer sequence of an anti-reflection coating 30 applied to the inner side surface IV of the inner glass pane 2. The anti-reflection coating 30 consists of precisely one high refractive index layer 31 having a refractive index of more than 1.9 and a thickness of maximally 40nm and precisely one low refractive index layer 32 having a refractive index of less than 1.6 and a thickness of maximally 60nm starting from the inner glass pane 2. For simplicity, the remaining components of the composite glass sheet 100, such as the reflective layer 20, are also rarely shown.
Examples
The layer sequence of an embodiment of a composite glass sheet with a reflective layer 20 on the outer side surface III of the inner glass sheet 2 is shown in table 1 together with the material and geometrical layer thicknesses of the individual layers. The dielectric layers may be doped independently of each other, for example with boron or aluminum.
TABLE 1
| Material | Layer thickness |
| Soda lime glass | 2.1 mm |
| PVB | 0.76 mm |
| Si 3 N 4 | 50 nm |
| SiZrN | 10 nm |
| ZnO | 10 nm |
| NiCr | 0.3 nm |
| Ag | 13 nm |
| ZnO | 10 nm |
| SiZrN | 10 nm |
| Si 3 N 4 | 18 nm |
| Soda lime glass | 2.1 mm |
Determination of reflectances for various composite glass sheetsWhich provides how strong the desired HUD reflection from the reflective coating 20 occurs compared to the undesired reflection on the inside surface IV. For this purpose, the reflectivity R of a composite glass sheet having the structure described in Table 1 was determined 20 And determining the reflectivities R of the composite glass sheets having the structures described in tables 2 to 4, respectively IV Then calculate the reflector +.>。
In the following case
- Comparative example AThe composite glass sheet is free of an anti-reflective coating on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass sheet 2 (see also table 2);
- example 1 according to the inventionThe composite glass sheet has an anti-reflection coating 30 on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass sheet 2, wherein the anti-reflection coating 30 has Si with a refractive index of 2.0 and a thickness of 30nm 3 N 4 SiO with a refractive index of 1.45 and a thickness of 45nm as the high refractive index layer 31 2 As the low refractive index layer 32 (see also table 3);
- example 2 according to the inventionThe composite glass sheet has an anti-reflection coating 30 on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass sheet 2, wherein the anti-reflection coating 30 has a TiO with a refractive index of 2.4 and a thickness of 20nm 2 SiO with a refractive index of 1.45 and a thickness of 45nm as the high refractive index layer 31 2 As the low refractive index layer 32 (see also table 4).
TABLE 2
| Material | Layer thickness |
| Soda lime glass | 2.1 mm |
| PVB | 0.76 mm |
| Soda lime glass | 2.1 mm |
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Material | Layer thickness |
| Soda lime glass | 2.1 mm |
| PVB | 0.76 mm |
| Soda lime glass | 2.1 mm |
| Si 3 N 4 | 30 nm |
| SiO 2 | 45 nm |
TABLE 4 Table 4
| Material | Layer thickness |
| Soda lime glass | 2.1 mm |
| PVB | 0.76 mm |
| Soda lime glass | 2.1 mm |
| TiO 2 | 20 nm |
| SiO 2 | 45 nm |
For p-biasReflectivity R of vibration radiation 20 And R is IV And the reflector determined therefromTable 5 summarizes the angles of incidence α (alpha) for comparative example a and examples 1 and 2. The reflectances shown are the average reflectances calculated from light type a, respectively.
TABLE 5
。
As can be seen from Table 5, at a large incident angle α, the anti-reflection coating 30 on the inner side surface of the inner glass plate of the composite glass plate resulted in a reflection quotient as compared with the composite glass plate without the anti-reflection coating (comparative example A)Is significantly increased. As a result, the HUD reflection from the reflective layer 20 is more clearly perceptible than the phantom. By the anti-reflection coating 30, the occurrence of ghost images can thus be minimized. In the use of TiO 2 As high refractive index layer 31, the reflector +.>The increase in the ratio is here to that of Si 3 N 4 As the high refractive index layer 31, more remarkable is the case.
Thus, embodiments according to the present invention are particularly suitable for cases where the composite glass sheet installation angle resulting in a large incident angle α is very flat.
To simulate an opaque masking layer, a dark outer glass plate 1 and dark PVB were used as thermoplastic interlayer 3 in another comparative example B and further examples 3 to 5. Due to the reflectivity R of the reflective layer 20 as a result of the color of the layer behind the reflective layer 20 applied on the outer side surface of the inner glass plate 2 from the projector perspective 20 Not in relation to the structure shown in Table 1 for determining the reflectivity R 20 。
Determination of comparative example B and actualReflectors of examples 3 to 5Which provides how strong the desired HUD reflection from the reflective coating 20 occurs compared to the undesired reflection on the inside surface IV. In the following case
- Comparative example BThe composite glass plate has TiO with refractive index of 2.4 and thickness of 20nm 2 As a coating on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass pane 2 (see also table 6);
- example 3 according to the inventionThe composite glass sheet has an anti-reflection coating 30 on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass sheet 2, wherein the anti-reflection coating 30 has Si with a refractive index of 2.0 and a thickness of 25nm 3 N 4 SiO with a refractive index of 1.45 and a thickness of 40nm as the high refractive index layer 31 2 As the low refractive index layer 32 (see also table 7);
- example 4 according to the inventionThe composite glass sheet has an anti-reflection coating 30 on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass sheet 2, wherein the anti-reflection coating 30 has a TiO with a refractive index of 2.4 and a thickness of 20nm 2 SiO with a refractive index of 1.45 and a thickness of 35nm as the high refractive index layer 31 2 As the low refractive index layer 32 (see also Table 8)
- Example 5 according to the inventionThe composite glass sheet has an antireflection coating 30 on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass sheet 2, wherein the antireflection coating 30 has SiZrN having a refractive index of 2.3 and a thickness of 20nm as the high refractive index layer 31 and SiO having a refractive index of 1.45 and a thickness of 45nm 2 As the low refractive index layer 32 (see also table 9).
TABLE 6
| Material | Layer thickness |
| Soda lime glass (coloring) | 2.1 mm |
| PVB (coloring) | 0.76 mm |
| Soda lime glass | 2.1 mm |
| TiO 2 | 20 nm |
TABLE 7
| Material | Layer thickness |
| Soda lime glass (coloring) | 2.1 mm |
| PVB (coloring) | 0.76 mm |
| Soda lime glass | 2.1 mm |
| Si 3 N 4 | 25 nm |
| SiO 2 | 40 nm |
TABLE 8
| Material | Layer thickness |
| Soda lime glass (coloring) | 2.1 mm |
| PVB (coloring) | 0.76 mm |
| Soda lime glass | 2.1 mm |
| TiO 2 | 20 nm |
| SiO 2 | 35 nm |
TABLE 9
| Material | Layer thickness |
| Soda lime glass (coloring) | 2.1 mm |
| PVB (coloring) | 0.76 mm |
| Soda lime glass | 2.1 mm |
| SiZrN | 20 nm |
| SiO 2 | 45 nm |
Reflectivity R for p-polarized radiation 20 And R is IV And the reflector determined therefromTable 10 summarizes the angles of incidence α (alpha) for comparative example B and examples 3 to 5.
Table 10
。
As can be seen from table 10, at a large incident angle α, the antireflection coating 30 on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass plate 2 of the composite glass plate resulted in a reflection quotient as compared with the composite glass plate (comparative example B) having a single high refractive index layer as the coating on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass plate 2Is significantly increased. As a result, the HUD reflection from the reflective layer 20 is more clearly perceptible than the phantom. By the anti-reflection coating 30, the occurrence of ghost images can thus be minimized. In the use of TiO 2 Or SiZrN as the high refractive index layer 31, the reflector +.>The increase in the ratio is here to that of Si 3 N 4 As the high refractive index layer 31, more remarkable is the case.
Thus, embodiments according to the present invention are particularly suitable for cases where the composite glass sheet installation angle resulting in a large incident angle α is very flat.
The reflection spectra of a composite glass sheet having a high refractive index layer on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass sheet (see table 6 for accurate structure) and a composite glass sheet having an anti-reflection coating layer comprising exactly one high refractive index layer and exactly one low refractive index layer on the inner side surface IV of the inner glass sheet (see tables 7 to 9 for accurate structure) are shown in fig. 8.
The reflection spectrum is suitable for p-polarized radiation at an illumination angle (angle of incidence) of 70 ° as viewed through the inner glass plate.
As can be seen from fig. 8, when the coating layer of the inner side surface IV of the inner glass plate 2 has exactly one high refractive index layer having a refractive index of more than 1.9 and a thickness of at most 40nm and exactly one low refractive index layer having a refractive index of less than 1.6 and a thickness of at most 60nm, the reflectivity of the composite glass plate is significantly lower than when the coating layer of the inner side surface IV of the inner glass plate 2 has exactly one high refractive index layer having a refractive index of more than 1.9 and a thickness of at most 20 nm.
List of reference numerals:
100. composite glass plate
101. Projection device
1. Outer glass plate
2. Inner glass plate
3. Thermoplastic interlayers
4. Projector
5. Observer/vehicle driver
6. Opaque masking layer
20. Reflective layer
30. Anti-reflective coating
31. High refractive index layer
32. Low refractive index layer
Upper edge of O-composite glass sheet 100
Lower edge of U-shaped composite glass sheet 100
Side edges of S-composite glass sheet 100
Projection area of P-composite glass sheet 100
Main perspective area of H-composite glass sheet 100
Outside surface of the I outer glass plate 1
II inner side surface of outer glass plate 1
Outside surface of inner glass pane 2
Inner side surface of IV inner glass pane 2
X' -X cutting line.
Claims (15)
1. Projection device (101) for a head-up display (HUD), comprising at least
-a composite glass sheet (100) having a projection area (P), a main viewing area (H), an upper edge (O), a lower edge (U) and two lateral glass sheet edges (S), wherein the composite glass sheet (100) comprises an outer glass sheet (1) having an outer side surface (I) and an inner side surface (II) and an inner glass sheet (2) having an outer side surface (III) and an inner side surface (IV), which are joined to each other by a thermoplastic interlayer (3); and
-a projector (4) directed at the projection area (P) and emitting P-polarized radiation;
wherein the method comprises the steps of
A reflective layer (20) which is suitable for reflecting P-polarized radiation and is designed as a thin-layer stack comprising at least one silver-based conductive layer is arranged at least in the projection region (P) on the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass pane (1) or on the outer side surface (III) of the inner glass pane (2);
And is also provided with
An anti-reflection coating (30) is arranged on the inner surface (IV) of the inner glass pane (2) at least in the projection region (P),
wherein the anti-reflection coating (30) comprises, starting from the inner glass pane (2), exactly one high refractive index layer (31) and exactly one low refractive index layer (32), the high refractive index layer (31) having a refractive index of more than 1.9 and a thickness of at most 40nm, the low refractive index layer (32) having a refractive index of less than 1.6 and a thickness of at most 60nm.
2. Projection apparatus (101) according to claim 1, wherein the p-polarized radiation of the projector (4) impinges on the composite glass sheet (100) with an angle of incidence of 60 ° to 80 °, preferably 65 ° to 75 °.
3. Projection device (101) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reflective layer (20) is arranged substantially over the entire inner side surface (II) of the outer glass plate (1) or the outer side surface (III) of the inner glass plate (2).
4. A projection device (101) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the projection area (P) is arranged outside the main viewing area (H) and the anti-reflection coating (30) is arranged on the inner side surface (IV) of the inner glass plate (2) in an area outside the main viewing area (H) comprising the projection area (P).
5. The projection device (101) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the projection area (P) is arranged adjacent to a lower edge (U) of the composite glass sheet (100).
6. Projection device (101) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the high refractive index layer (31) is formed on the basis of silicon nitride, tin zinc oxide, silicon zirconium nitride, silicon titanium nitride, hafnium silicon nitride or titanium oxide, preferably on the basis of silicon zirconium nitride or titanium oxide, and the low refractive index layer (32) is formed on the basis of silicon dioxide or doped silicon oxide.
7. Projection device (101) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the high refractive index layer (31) has a thickness of at most 30nm, preferably at most 20nm, particularly preferably at most 15nm.
8. Projection device (101) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the low refractive index layer (32) has a thickness of at most 50nm, preferably at most 40nm, particularly preferably at most 30nm.
9. The projection device (101) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the reflective layer (20) has exactly one silver-based conductive layer.
10. Projection device (101) according to claim 9, wherein a lower dielectric layer or layer sequence is arranged below the conductive layer, having a refractive index of at least 1.9,
an upper dielectric layer or layer sequence is arranged over the conductive layer, having a refractive index of at least 1.9, and
the ratio of the optical thickness of the upper dielectric layer or layer sequence to the optical thickness of the lower dielectric layer or layer sequence is at least 1.7.
11. Projection device (101) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein an opaque masking layer (6) is arranged on the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass plate (1) in a region comprising at least the projection region (P), the reflective layer (20) being arranged on the outer side surface (III) of the inner glass plate (2) at least in the projection region (P).
12. Projection device (101) according to claim 11, wherein the opaque masking layer (6) is arranged in a surrounding edge region, in particular has a larger width in a section overlapping the projection region (P) than in a section different therefrom.
13. Projection device (101) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the thickness of the inner glass plate (2) is at most 1.6mm, preferably at most 1.4mm, particularly preferably at most 1.1mm.
14. Method of producing a projection device (101) according to any of claims 1 to 13, comprising at least
a) A composite glass sheet (100) is provided having a projection area (P), a main viewing area (H), an upper edge (O), a lower edge (U) and two lateral glass sheet edges (S),
wherein the composite glass sheet (100) comprises an outer glass sheet (1) having an outer side surface (I) and an inner side surface (II) and an inner glass sheet (2) having an outer side surface (III) and an inner side surface (IV), which are joined to each other by a thermoplastic interlayer (3);
Wherein a reflective layer (20) which is suitable for reflecting P-polarized radiation and is designed as a thin-layer stack comprising at least one silver-based conductive layer (21) is arranged at least in the projection region (P) on the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass pane (1) or on the outer side surface (III) of the inner glass pane (2);
and is also provided with
An anti-reflection coating (30) comprising, starting from the inner glass plate (2), exactly one high refractive index layer (31) having a refractive index of more than 1.9 and a thickness of at most 40nm and exactly one low refractive index layer (32) having a refractive index of less than 1.6 and a thickness of at most 60nm, is arranged on the inner side surface (IV) of the inner glass plate (2), at least in the projection region (P);
b) The composite glass sheet (100) and the projector (4) emitting P-polarized radiation are arranged such that the inner glass sheet (2) of the composite glass sheet (100) faces the projector (4) and the projector (4) is directed towards the projection area (P) of the composite glass sheet (100).
15. Use of a projection device (101) according to any of claims 1 to 13 in an amphibious vehicle, wherein the composite glass sheet (100) is preferably a windscreen sheet.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21199867 | 2021-09-29 | ||
| EP21199867.9 | 2021-09-29 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/076345 WO2023052228A1 (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2022-09-22 | Projection arrangement for a head-up display having p-polarised radiation |
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| CN117280253A true CN117280253A (en) | 2023-12-22 |
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| WO (1) | WO2023052228A1 (en) |
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| WO2024028154A1 (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2024-02-08 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Composite pane comprising a plurality of reflective regions and a wedge-shaped intermediate layer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2800998B1 (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2002-04-26 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | TRANSPARENT SUBSTRATE HAVING AN ANTI-REFLECTIVE COATING |
| JP2002296406A (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-09 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Antireflection base material with few reflection interference color |
| WO2006122305A2 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polymeric interlayers having a wedge profile |
| JP2007223883A (en) | 2005-12-26 | 2007-09-06 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Laminated glass for vehicle |
| WO2009071135A1 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-11 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Curved vehicle windshield made from laminated glass |
| DE102014220189B4 (en) | 2014-10-06 | 2023-08-17 | Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH | Head-up display and method for generating a virtual image using a head-up display and using p-polarized light in a head-up display |
| CN104267499B (en) | 2014-10-14 | 2016-08-17 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | A kind of head-up-display system |
| US10788667B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2020-09-29 | Vitro Flat Glass Llc | Heads-up display and coating therefor |
| PE20201473A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2020-12-18 | Saint Gobain | COMPOSITE GLASS FOR A HEAD-UP OR FRONT DISPLAY SCREEN (HEAD-UP-DISPLAY) WITH ELECTRICITY CONDUCTIVE COATING AND ANTI-REFLECTION LAYER |
| RU2748645C1 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2021-05-28 | Сэн-Гобэн Гласс Франс | Projection system for windshield indicator (wsi) with areas of p-polarized light |
| CN110650844A (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2020-01-03 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | Composite glass pane with electrically conductive and antireflection coatings |
| EP4066025A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 | 2022-10-05 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Projection assembly for a head-up display (hud), with p-polarized radiation |
| EP4078251A1 (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2022-10-26 | AGC Glass Europe | Head up display system |
| CN113071165B (en) | 2021-04-16 | 2022-03-22 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | Head-up display glass and head-up display system |
-
2022
- 2022-09-22 WO PCT/EP2022/076345 patent/WO2023052228A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-09-22 CN CN202280004616.9A patent/CN117280253A/en active Pending
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