CN117280060A - 5xxx aluminum panels for can making - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a 5xxx series column aluminium sheet made of an alloy comprising, in weight percent: mg:2.5-4.0, mn:0.7-1.2, fe:0.25-0.55, si:0.20-0.50, cu:0.10-0.25, cr: up to 0.1, zn: up to 0.25, ti: up to 0.1, the balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities, each impurity up to 0.05 and a total of up to 0.15. The method for preparing the 5xxx series aluminum sheet comprises the following steps: casting an ingot having the composition of the invention, preheating said ingot, rough-rolling the ingot on a reversing mill at a rough-hot-rolling inlet temperature above 440 ℃, finish-hot-rolling the ingot at a hot-rolling outlet temperature of at least 300 ℃, cold-rolling to obtain a cold-rolled sheet. The invention also relates to a can end and a beverage can.

Description

5xxx aluminum panels for can making

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a 5xxx series alloy aluminum sheet particularly suitable for the can industry and a method of making the same.

Background

Aluminum beverage cans are very popular as a recognized efficient and environmentally friendly beverage packaging solution.

In order to make CO ₂ Emissions are minimized and tank manufacturers are taking action to reduce the weight of the can body and can end and attempt to increase the amount of recovery of their solutions. It is worth emphasizing that the use of 1 ton of scrap instead of 1 ton of primary metal reduces 10 tons of CO ₂ Discharge amount.

With respect to can ends, also known as lids, can manufacturers have gradually reduced can end diameters from 68.3mm to 54mm, followed by 50.8mm using an optimized design. The smaller diameter in combination with the new can end design enables the thickness to be adjusted down from 223 μm to about 203 μm and enables the associated significant weight reduction.

However, in the last few years, can end weight reduction has reached a "plateau", and it is now increasingly difficult to down-regulate the thickness to less than 200 μm.

The alloy used to make the can end is typically alloy AA5182. Because of its high mechanical properties, AA5182 requires high levels of purity (e.g., fe, si) to achieve the necessary formability. Such high levels of purity in AA5182 limit the amount recovered and mean that the fabrication of AA5182 can ends relies on primary aluminum. The more primary aluminum used, the more important the CO ₂ The greater the amount of emissions.

Since the amount of metal in the can body is greater than the amount of metal in the can end, it is also preferable to have the possibility of recycling the can end with the can body. For this reason, specific can end and can body alloys have been developed.

Patent application WO2013/103957A2 discloses an aluminum alloy and a recycling method, wherein the recycled used beverage container forms an alloy composition, the composition of which is less regulated, which can be used for tank raw materials (body stock).

Patent application WO2014/107188A1 discloses an aluminum alloy and recovery method wherein the recovered used beverage container forms an alloy composition with little or no adjustment to its composition other than magnesium levels, useful for can stock, end stock, and tab stock for hand pulling.

Patent application WO2015/200570A2 discloses 3xxx aluminum alloys, in particular AA3104 and AA3204 aluminum alloys, for manufacturing can ends and tabs for hand pulling for can opening.

Patent application WO2016/002226A1 discloses an aluminum alloy plate for a beverage can body, which contains, by mass, 0.20 to 0.45% Si,0.35 to 0.60% Fe,0.1 to 0.3% Cu,0.5 to 1.5% Mn,0.8 to 1.5% Mg,0.1% or less Ti,0.05% or less B, and the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.

Patent US 5746847A discloses an aluminium alloy for can ends comprising, in weight percent: 3.0-4.0% Mg,0.5-1.0% Mn,0.2-0.6% Cu,0.05-0.4% Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Patent application JP H11 269594a discloses an aluminium alloy for can ends comprising, in weight percent: 0.6-1.2% Mn,0.5-3.2% Mg,0.2-0.5Si,0.3-0.5% Cu,0.3-0.6% Fe, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.

Patent application US2018/274072 A1 discloses several compositions for recovering aluminium, for example adapted for use in the preparation of beverage cans.

The can industry needs improved aluminum sheet products to make can ends that incorporate a careful balance between different standards: strength, formability and high recyclability.

Disclosure of Invention

A first object of the present invention is an aluminium sheet made of aluminium sheets of the 5xxx series, comprising, in weight percent:

Mg：2.50-4.00，

Mn：0.70-1.20，

Fe：0.25-0.55，

Si：0.20-0.50，

Cu：0.10-0.25，

cr: up to 0.10 of the total number of the components,

zn: up to 0.25 of the total number of the components,

ti: up to 0.10 of the total number of the components,

the balance being aluminium and unavoidable impurities, each impurity being up to 0.05 and the total amount being up to 0.15.

Another object of the invention is a method for preparing a 5xxx series aluminium sheet according to the invention, comprising the following successive steps:

casting an ingot having the composition of the invention,

preheating the ingot typically at a temperature of 440 to 550 ℃,

rough-rolling said ingot on a reversing mill at a rough-rolling inlet temperature higher than 440 ℃,

finish hot rolling the ingot at a hot rolling outlet temperature of at least 300 ℃,

cold-rolling to obtain a cold-rolled sheet,

-optionally coating the cold rolled sheet

A further object of the invention is a can end obtained from the panel of the invention.

Yet another object of the present invention is a beverage can obtained from the can end of the present invention and a can body made from an AA3xxx alloy.

Detailed Description

Unless otherwise mentioned, all aluminum alloys referred to below are named using the rules and names defined by the aluminum association (Aluminium Association) in Registration Record Series, which is issued regularly.

The metallurgical state (temper) referred to below is named using european standard EN-515 (month 4 of 2017).

All alloy compositions are provided in weight percent (wt%). The expression "7.9Mn" means the manganese content expressed in weight percent multiplied by 7.9.

Tensile testing was performed according to ISO/DIS 6892-1 (7 months of 2014).

The inventors have found an improved 5xxx aluminum alloy sheet incorporating a careful balance between the different criteria: strength, formability and high recyclability.

The Mg content is 2.50 to 4.00 wt%, preferably 2.50 to 3.85 wt%, more preferably 3.10 to 3.85 wt%, even more preferably 3.10 to 3.65 wt%.

Mg is the main alloying element of the alloy, and it contributes to the strength improvement. When the Mg content is less than 2.50 wt%, the strength improvement may be insufficient. On the other hand, a content exceeding 4.00 wt% may result in low formability. It may be advantageous for the minimum Mg content to be 3.00 wt.% or 3.05 wt.% or 3.10 wt.% or 3.15 wt.% or 3.20 wt.% or 3.25 wt.% or 3.30 wt.% or 3.35 wt.% or 3.40 wt.%. It may be advantageous for the maximum Mg content to be 3.85 wt.% or 3.80 wt.% or 3.75 wt.% or 3.70 wt.% or 3.65 wt.% or 3.60 wt.%.

Mn is also an effective element for strength improvement, grain refinement and structural stability. The Mn content is 0.70 wt% to 1.20 wt%, preferably 0.80 wt% to 1.15 wt% and more preferably 0.90 wt% to 1.10 wt%, and even more preferably 0.92 wt% to 0.98 wt%.

When the Mn content is less than 0.70% by weight, the above effect is insufficient. On the other hand, an Mn content exceeding 1.20% by weight may cause not only saturation of the above effects but also generation of various intermetallic compounds, which may adversely affect formability. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the Mn content of the present invention ensures that recycled scrap, and more particularly UBC (used beverage can) scrap, is added to the maximum during the casting step. A minimum Mn content of 0.76 wt.% or 0.78 wt.% or 0.80 wt.% or 0.85 wt.% or 0.90 wt.% or 0.91 wt.% or 0.92 wt.% or 0.93 wt.% may be advantageous. It may be advantageous for the maximum Mn content to be 1.15 wt.% or 1.10 wt.% or 1.05 wt.% or 1.00 wt.% or 0.98 wt.% or 0.96 wt.%.

Control of Fe and Si is critical to achieve the desired properties of the inventive sheet, particularly the balance between formability and recyclability. The Fe content is 0.25 to 0.55 wt% and preferably 0.30 to 0.40 wt%.

An Fe content of less than 0.25 wt% may not produce a sufficient effect, while an Fe content of more than 0.55 wt% may cause difficulty in molding, which is in comparison with a large Al ₆ The formation of a primary phase of MnFe is involved. A minimum Fe content of 0.28 wt.% or 0.30 wt.% or 0.31 wt.% may be advantageous. It may be advantageous for the maximum Fe content to be 0.45 wt.% or 0.40 wt.% or 0.38 wt.%.

The Mn and Mg contents are preferably related to the Fe content. Preferably, for a Fe content of at least 0.50 wt%, the sum mg+7.9mn is at most 11.4 wt%, preferably at most 10.7 wt% and more preferably at most 10.1 wt%; for Fe contents of at least 0.44 wt% (and less than 0.50 wt%) the sum mg+7.9mn is at most 12.1 wt%, preferably at most 11.4 wt% and more preferably at most 10.8 wt%; for Fe contents of at least 0.40 wt% (and less than 0.44 wt%) the sum mg+7.9mn is at most 12.5 wt%, preferably at most 11.8 wt% and more preferably at most 11.2 wt%; for Fe contents of at least 0.35 wt% (and less than 0.40 wt%) the sum mg+7.9mn is at most 12.8 wt%, preferably at most 12.1 wt% and more preferably at most 11.5 wt%; for Fe contents of at least 0.30 wt% (and less than 0.35 wt%) the sum mg+7.9mn is at most 13.1 wt%, preferably at most 12.4 wt% and more preferably at most 11.8 wt%; for Fe contents of at least 0.25 wt% (and less than 0.30 wt%), the sum mg+7.9mn is at most 13.5 wt%, preferably at most 12.8 wt% and more preferably at most 12.2 wt%. In a preferred embodiment, the Fe content is 0.30 to 0.40 wt% and the sum of mg+7.9mn is 8.0 to 12.5 wt%, preferably 9.4 to 11.8 wt% and more preferably 10.2 to 11.2 wt%. In particular, the claimed Fe, mn and Mg content ensures that the recovered scrap, and more particularly UBC scrap, is maximally added during the casting step.

The Si content is 0.20 to 0.50 wt% and preferably 0.22 to 0.35 wt% and more preferably 0.23 to 0.30 wt%. Excessive addition of Si may result in more Mg ₂ Si phase, which adversely affects formability. A minimum Si content of 0.21 wt.% or 0.22 wt.% or 0.23 wt.% or 0.24 wt.% may be advantageous. It may be advantageous for the maximum Si content to be 0.40% by weight or 0.35% by weight or 0.30% by weight or 0.28% by weight.

The Cu content is 0.10 to 0.25 wt% and preferably 0.10 to 0.20 wt%, more preferably 0.12 to 0.20 wt%. A minimum Cu content of 0.11 wt.% or 0.12 wt.% or 0.13 wt.% or 0.14 wt.% may be advantageous because Cu in solid solution may be beneficial for strength and/or formability. A maximum Cu content of 0.25 wt.% or 0.20 wt.% or 0.18 wt.% may be advantageous because formation of Cu-containing phases may adversely affect formability. In one embodiment, the Cu content is 0.14 wt.% to 0.18 wt.%.

The Cr content is up to 0.10 wt.%, preferably up to 0.05 wt.%. In one embodiment, some Cr may be added to improve strength, refine grains, and stabilize the structure in an amount of 0.01 wt% to 0.05 wt%, preferably 0.01 wt% to 0.03 wt%.

The amount of Zn added may be up to 0.25 wt% and preferably up to 0.20 wt% or up to 0.15 wt% without departing from the advantages of the present invention. In one embodiment, zn is an unavoidable impurity.

Grain refiners including Ti are typically added with total Ti content up to 0.10 wt.% and preferably 0.005 wt.% to 0.05 wt.%, even more preferably 0.01 wt.% to 0.03 wt.%. In one embodiment, the Ti content is 150ppm to 250ppm.

The balance being aluminium and unavoidable impurities, each impurity being up to 0.05% by weight and the total amount being up to 0.15% by weight.

According to the invention, ingots are prepared using the 5xxx series aluminum alloys of the invention by casting, typically Direct-casting (Direct-casting) or continuous casting. Preferably, the casting step comprises melting the recycled scrap into liquid metal.

As used herein, the term recycled scrap (e.g., recycled feedstock) may refer to a collection of recycled metals that comprises primarily aluminum, preferably at least 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% aluminum. Recycling scrap may include material recovered from any suitable source, such as from a metal production facility (e.g., a metal casting facility), from a metal processing facility (e.g., a production facility that uses metal products to produce consumable products), or from a post-consumer source (e.g., a regional recycling facility). Certain aspects of the present disclosure may be well suited for recycled scrap from sources other than metal production facilities, as such recycled scrap may contain mixtures of alloys or be mixed with other impurities or elements (e.g., paint or coating). Recycled scrap may refer to recycled sheet aluminum products (e.g., aluminum pans and pans, car interior and exterior products), recycled cast aluminum products (e.g., aluminum grills and rims), UBC scrap (e.g., beverage cans), aluminum wire, extruded materials, and other aluminum materials.

Preferably, the recycled scrap metal comprises spent beverage can (UBC) scrap, which is metal collected from spent beverage cans and similar products that can be recycled for use in other metal products. Aluminum UBC scrap is often a mixture of various aluminum alloys (e.g., from different alloys for can bodies and can ends) and may often contain foreign materials such as rain water, beverage residues, organic matter (e.g., paint and laminate films), and other materials. UBC scrap may be fragmented and stripped or paint removed and then melted as a liquid metal feedstock for casting the new metal product of the present invention. Because of the presence of impurities and unbalanced alloying elements in the liquid UBC metal, it may be necessary to treat the liquid UBC metal to remove unwanted elements or to combine the liquid UBC metal with sufficient quantities of new primary aluminum prior to casting. Similarly, scrap recovered from other sources may contain relatively high amounts of impurities and/or unbalanced alloying elements.

The amount of recycled waste in the product according to the invention is described herein. For example, alloys according to the present invention may allow for the preparation of suitable cast products from modified liquid metals comprising more than about 50 wt.%, about 60 wt.%, about 70 wt.%, about 80 wt.%, about 85 wt.%, about 90 wt.%, about 91 wt.%, about 92 wt.%, about 93 wt.%, about 94 wt.%, about 95 wt.%, about 96 wt.%, about 97 wt.%, about 98 wt.%, or about 99 wt.% recycled scrap. In other words, the cast product described herein may comprise less than about 50 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 9 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 7 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 1 wt% primary aluminum, and optionally a hardener (comprising a master alloy such as al+cu, al+si, al+mn, al+fe, or the like, or a pure metal such as Cu, mg, zn, or the like). Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to metal products made using modified liquid metal, primarily recycled scrap. Preferably, recycling the scrap includes recycling aluminum scrap, such as UBC scrap. UBC scrap, for example, typically contains a mixture of metals from various alloys, such as metal from the can body (e.g., 3104, 3004 or other 3xxx aluminum alloys) and metal from the can end (e.g., 5182 or other 5xxx aluminum alloys). The composition of the alloy of the invention is particularly suitable for recovering UBC scrap due to the Mg and Mn content. Preferably, the recycled scrap melted in the process of the present invention contains more than about 50 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 70 wt%, about 80 wt%, about 90 wt%, about 91 wt%, about 92 wt%, about 93 wt%, about 94 wt%, about 95 wt%, about 96 wt%, about 97 wt%, about 98 wt%, or about 99 wt% UBC scrap. Adding primary aluminum reduces the amount of recycled content and increases costs and greenhouse gas emissions because primary aluminum is more costly to produce and produces more greenhouse gas than recycled scrap. Thus, a tradeoff is typically made between disposing of the recycled scrap and adding primary aluminum. Using the inventive alloys described herein, recycled scrap can be used with little or no purification and with little or no addition of primary aluminum and optional hardeners.

The ingot thickness is preferably at least 250mm, or at least 350mm, and preferably a very thick gauge ingot having a thickness of at least 400mm, or even at least 500mm or 600mm, to increase the productivity of the process. Preferably the ingot has a width of 1000 to 2000mm and a length of 2000 to 8000mm. Preferably the ingot is skinned.

The ingot is then preheated, typically at a temperature of 440 to 550 ℃, and hot rolled to obtain a slab typically 2 to 12mm thick. Preferably, the sheet is hot rolled in two successive steps, for example a first hot rolling step on a reversible rolling mill, also called roughing mill, until a thickness of typically 12 to 40mm, and a second hot rolling step on a tandem rolling mill, also called finishing mill, until a thickness of typically 2 to 12mm. Tandem rolling mills are one such type of rolling mill: the rolls of a rolling mill, in which several holders support, typically 2, 3, 4 or 5, are operated continuously ("in tandem"). According to the invention, the rough hot rolling on the reversing mill is carried out at a rough hot rolling inlet temperature of more than 440 ℃ and preferably more than 460 ℃. The first step carried out on the reversible rolling mill can be carried out on one or even two reversible rolling mills placed one after the other.

In the second hot rolling step, the final temperature, which is the hot rolling outlet temperature, should be at least 300 ℃, preferably at least 330 ℃, so that, preferably, the hot rolled sheet obtained after finish hot rolling has a volume fraction of recrystallized grains of at least 50% and preferably at least 80%.

Cold rolling is directly performed after the hot rolling step to further reduce the thickness of the aluminum sheet. For the method of the invention, annealing after hot rolling or during cold rolling is optional, as this step does not seem to be necessary to obtain sufficient strength, formability, surface quality and corrosion resistance. It is preferable not to perform annealing after hot rolling or during cold rolling. The sheet obtained directly after cold rolling is called a cold-rolled sheet. The thickness of the cold rolled sheet is typically 0.15 to 0.30mm, and preferably 0.18 to 0.23mm.

In one embodiment, the cold rolling reduction is at least 80%, or at least 85%.

The cold-rolled sheet is preferably coated. In one coating method, the cold rolled sheet is subjected to cleaning and chemical treatment, optionally dried in an oven, optionally primed, coated and heat (oven) cured to form a coated sheet. In another coating method, the cold rolled sheet is subjected to cleaning and chemical treatment, coated with a suitable (e.g., food grade) electron beam ("EB") and/or ultraviolet ("UV") curable coating composition, and EB or UV cured to form a coated sheet.

Preferably, the coating is a BPA or BPA-NI free (bisphenol-a free or bisphenol-a free active addition) coating or laminate.

The product of the present invention preferably has a Tensile Yield Strength (TYS) in the Long Transverse (LT) direction of 320MPa to 380MPa and preferably 320MPa to 360MPa after a simulated paint bake at 205 ℃ for 20 min.

Formability is the ability of a sheet to be formed in a particular shape. Formability is particularly associated with tensile yield strength (TYS or rp 0.2): as TYS increases, formability generally decreases. According to a preferred embodiment, the TYS of the sheet according to the invention is less than or equal to 380MPa in the H48 state, preferably less than or equal to 360MPa, or after heat treatment at 205 ℃ for 20 minutes simulates the baking of the coating and achieves mechanical properties similar to those in the H48 state. According to another preferred embodiment, the TYS of the sheet according to the invention is greater than or equal to 320MPa in the H48 state, or simulates the baking of the coating after 20 minutes of heat treatment at 205 ℃. This minimum TYS allows to obtain sufficient strength and resistance to internal pressure.

Preferably, the product of the invention is in the H4X metallurgical state as defined by european standards EN-515 (month 4 of 2017) and EN 541 (month 5 of 2007).

According to these criteria, the H4X metallurgical state describes strain hardened and painted or painted products. Thus, H4X is the state of the material obtained after work hardening and coating, during which a certain level of recovery may occur. The preferred state is the H48 state, which is assigned to the hardest H4X state commonly prepared. After baking the simulated paint at 205 ℃ for 20min, H48 mechanical properties can be obtained from cold rolled sheets in H18 or H19 state.

In particular, the H48 metallurgical state ensures the shaping of the metal to produce the can end of the beverage can. Preferably, the 5xxx series aluminium sheet according to the invention is coated and preferably in the H48 state.

The invention also relates to a can end obtained from the sheet material of the invention and a beverage can obtained from the can end of the invention and a can body made of an AA3 xxx-alloy.

It is advantageous to use the 5xxx series aluminum panels according to the present invention to make can ends. In particular, the use of the can end according to the invention in combination with a can body made of an AA3 xxx-alloy is advantageous because such beverage cans are easy to recycle, the can body preferably being made of an alloy selected from the group consisting of: AA3002, AA3102, AA3003, AA3103A, AA3103B, AA3203, AA3403, AA3004A, AA3104, AA3204, AA3304, AA3005A, AA3105, AA3105A, AA3105B, AA3007, AA3107, AA3207A, AA3307, AA3009, AA3010, AA3110, AA3011, AA3012, AA A, AA3013, AA3014, AA3015, AA3016, AA3017, AA3019, AA3020, AA3021, AA3025, AA3026, AA3030, AA3130 and AA3065, most preferably made of an alloy selected from the group consisting of AA3004, AA3004A and AA3104.

Examples

In this example, several ingots were cast by the direct chill casting technique with alloys having the compositions disclosed in table 1.

[ Table 1 ]

The composition of the alloy is in weight percent or ppm (Ti)

Alloys D, E and F are not according to the invention because they contain too much Cu (more than 0.25 wt.% Cu).

TYS in the LT direction in the H48 state is evaluated by computer software. The results are provided in table 2.

[ Table 2 ]

Mechanical properties.

Claims (12)

1. A 5xxx series aluminum sheet made from an alloy comprising, in weight percent:

Mg：2.50-4.00，

Mn：0.70-1.20，

Fe：0.25-0.55，

Si：0.20-0.50，

Cu：0.10-0.25，

cr: up to 0.10 of the total number of the components,

zn: up to 0.25 of the total number of the components,

ti: up to 0.10 of the total number of the components,

the balance being aluminium and unavoidable impurities, each impurity being up to 0.05 and the total amount being up to 0.15.

2. A 5xxx series aluminium plate according to claim 1, wherein the Mg content is from 2.50 to 3.85 wt%, preferably from 3.10 to 3.85 wt%, more preferably from 3.10 to 3.65 wt%.

3. The 5xxx series aluminum panel of any of claims 1-2, wherein the Mn content is from 0.90 wt.% to 1.10 wt.%.

4. A 5xxx series aluminium sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the Cr content is from 0.01 wt% to 0.03 wt%.

5. The 5xxx series aluminum panel of any of claims 1-4, wherein for a Fe content of at least 0.50 wt%, the sum of mg+7.9mn is at most 11.4 wt%, preferably at most 10.7 wt% and more preferably at most 10.1 wt%; for Fe contents of at least 0.44 wt% (and less than 0.50 wt%) the sum mg+7.9mn is at most 12.1 wt%, preferably at most 11.4 wt% and more preferably at most 10.8 wt%; for Fe contents of at least 0.40 wt% (and less than 0.44 wt%) the sum mg+7.9mn is at most 12.5 wt%, preferably at most 11.8 wt% and more preferably at most 11.2 wt%; for Fe contents of at least 0.35 wt% (and less than 0.40 wt%) the sum mg+7.9mn is at most 12.8 wt%, preferably at most 12.1 wt% and more preferably at most 11.5 wt%; for Fe contents of at least 0.30 wt% (and less than 0.35 wt%) the sum mg+7.9mn is at most 13.1 wt%, preferably at most 12.4 wt% and more preferably at most 11.8 wt%; for Fe contents of at least 0.25 wt% (and less than 0.30 wt%), the sum mg+7.9mn is at most 13.5 wt%, preferably at most 12.8 wt% and more preferably at most 12.2 wt%.

6. A 5xxx series aluminium sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is coated and preferably in the H48 state.

7. The 5xxx series aluminum sheet of any of claims 1-6, having a Tensile Yield Strength (TYS) of less than or equal to 360MPa.

8. A method of making a 5xxx series aluminum sheet according to any of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following sequential steps:

casting an ingot having a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

preheating the ingot typically at a temperature of 440 to 550 ℃,

rough hot rolling on a reversing mill at a rough hot rolling inlet temperature of greater than 440 ℃,

finish hot rolling the ingot at a hot rolling outlet temperature of at least 300 ℃,

cold-rolling to obtain a cold-rolled sheet,

-optionally coating the cold rolled sheet.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the liquid metal comprises greater than about 50% by weight recycled scrap.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the recycled waste comprises more than about 50% by weight of used beverage can waste.

11. Can end obtained from a panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

12. Beverage can obtained from a can end according to claim 11 and a can body made of an AA3 xxx-alloy, preferably a can body made of an alloy selected from the group consisting of: AA3002, AA3102, AA3003, AA3103A, AA, 3103B, AA, AA3403, AA3004A, AA3104, AA3204, AA3304, AA3005A, AA3105, AA3105A, AA3105B, AA3007, AA3107, AA3207A, AA3307, AA3009, AA3010, AA3110, AA3011, AA3012, AA A, AA3013, AA3014, AA3015, AA3016, AA3017, AA3019, AA3020, AA3021, AA3025, AA3026, AA3030, AA3130, and AA3065, most preferably selected from AA3004, AA3004A, and AA3104.