CN117279969A - 具有改善的阻燃性质的含硫多异氰酸酯加聚(pipa)多元醇和含有其的泡沫 - Google Patents
具有改善的阻燃性质的含硫多异氰酸酯加聚(pipa)多元醇和含有其的泡沫 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117279969A CN117279969A CN202280033238.7A CN202280033238A CN117279969A CN 117279969 A CN117279969 A CN 117279969A CN 202280033238 A CN202280033238 A CN 202280033238A CN 117279969 A CN117279969 A CN 117279969A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- pipa
- polyether polyol
- sulfur
- dispersion
- polyols
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/50—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen
- C08G18/5072—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于制备具有固有阻燃性质的软质聚氨酯泡沫的在易于加工粘度下的含硫多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇分散体,该含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体包含聚醚多元醇载体和基于该分散体的总重量10wt.%至25wt.%的含硫多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇的颗粒,这些颗粒具有如通过激光散射测定的这样的粒度直径(PSD):该分散体中90体积%的这些颗粒具有0.2μm至4.5μm的最大PSD,并且这些颗粒还含有两个或更多个芳香族氨基甲酸酯基团。该分散体还可以以泡沫形成混合物的形式包含水或发泡剂;g)一种或多种催化剂;和f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯。另外,本发明提供了用于制备该含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体的方法,这些方法包括在剪切下混合多元醇反应物并延迟该含硫多元醇或增量剂反应物的添加。
Description
本发明涉及用于制备具有固有阻燃性质的软质聚氨酯泡沫的含有硫和氨基甲酸酯基团的聚醚多元醇于聚醚多元醇载体中的稳定分散体,涉及这些泡沫本身,并且涉及制备这些泡沫的方法。更具体地,本发明涉及多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)多元醇颗粒的聚醚多元醇分散体,这些PIPA多元醇颗粒含有硫(如呈二硫化物的形式)并且还含有氨基甲酸酯基团,其中这些PIPA多元醇颗粒具有如通过激光散射测定的这样的粒度直径(PSD):该分散体中90体积%的这些颗粒具有0.2μm至4.5μm的最大PSD,并且这些PIPA多元醇颗粒分散在聚醚多元醇载体中,并且进一步地,其中该稳定分散体中的该聚醚多元醇和这些多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)多元醇颗粒与多异氰酸酯反应以形成包含非迁移阻燃剂并且表现出改善的固有耐燃性或阻燃(FR)性质的聚氨酯泡沫。
与添加的固体或液体非反应性阻燃添加剂相反,最近的法规要求FR改进物质不迁移出泡沫。已知能够制得聚氨酯泡沫的一些分散体可以提供在没有阻燃添加剂的情况下通过Crib 5(英国标准BS 5852:2006)本体火焰燃烧测试的泡沫。此类泡沫因此可以说提供了一些固有阻燃性质的量度。然而,此类已知的分散体(包括预聚物分散体,例如Polyharnstoff分散体(PHD)多元醇以及PIPA多元醇)在开放点火FR测试如CAL 117测试(《加州大学技术公报117(Cal.State Technical Bulletin 117)》,2000)中未能提供具有固有FR性质的泡沫。因此,仍然需要具有改善的非迁移阻燃性质的泡沫。
不同于其他已知的阻燃聚合物材料,如基本上没有反应性位点的苯乙烯丙烯腈(SAN)聚合物,PIPA多元醇带有大量易于与聚氨酯泡沫制备调配物的异氰酸酯组分反应的官能团,并且因此反应进入由其制造的泡沫中。因此,PIPA颗粒参与泡沫固化反应,从而使得固体材料能够具有固有的FR性质(即本身上),并且实现符合最新法规的可持续解决方案。然而,期望改善PIPA多元醇固有的FR性质并去除或减少聚氨酯泡沫中的FR添加剂。
最近,授予Ahmadloo等人的美国专利公开US20190300642A1公开了用于制备聚氨酯泡沫的包含异氰酸酯组分和异氰酸酯反应性组分的聚醚多元醇,该异氰酸酯反应性组分包括含硫聚醚多元醇,该含硫聚醚多元醇包含用于制备聚氨酯泡沫的烷基化含硫引发剂。该含硫聚醚多元醇具有400g/mol至10,000g/mol的数均分子量。Ahmadloo等人例示了含硫的聚酯多元醇。含硫引发剂的数均分子量小于含硫聚醚多元醇的数均分子量,并且可以是例如硫代二乙醇。基于形成聚氨酯泡沫的组合物的总重量,该组合物具有0.1wt.%至3.0wt.%的硫含量。Ahmadloo等人未能公开其中含硫物质作为颗粒分散在多元醇载体中的组合物。进一步地,Ahmadloo等人未能公开表现出固有阻燃性的泡沫。进一步地,Ahmadloo等人的泡沫表现出例如2.0scfm至4.5scfm的气流,由此表明这些泡沫不足以提供固有的阻燃性。因此,仍然需要适合于制备具有固有阻燃性的聚氨酯泡沫的容易加工的多元醇组合物。
根据本发明,本发明人解决了提供一种多元醇组合物的问题,该多元醇组合物使得能够形成包含非迁移阻燃剂并表现出本体和开放阻燃性的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫。
发明内容
根据本发明,一种用于制备具有固有阻燃性质的软质聚氨酯泡沫的含硫多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇的颗粒分散体包含聚醚多元醇载体和基于该分散体的总重量10wt.%至25wt.%的含硫多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇的颗粒,这些颗粒还含有两个或更多个氨基甲酸酯基团,优选地两个或更多个芳香族氨基甲酸酯基团,其中该含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇具有如通过激光散射测定的这样的粒度直径(PSD):该分散体中90体积%的这些颗粒具有0.2μm至4.5μm或优选地0.2μm至2.5μm的最大PSD,并且进一步地,其中根据ASTMD4878(2015)在25℃下测定的该分散体的动态粘度在1500cP至5000cP或优选地2000cP至3900cP的范围内。这些含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇颗粒中的硫可以包括一个或多个硫化物基团、二硫化物基团或硫醇基团,优选地为二硫化物基团。该含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇还可以包含含磷基团,如磷酸酯。进一步地,该含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇颗粒可以包含b)一种或多种相容的种子多元醇的缩合产物作为颗粒分散体,例如含有两个或更多个氨基甲酸酯基团的颗粒状支化聚醚种子多元醇,特别是含有两个或更多个芳香族氨基甲酸酯基团的PIPA聚醚种子多元醇,该一种或多种相容的种子多元醇具有如通过激光散射测定的这样的粒度直径(PSD):该分散体中90体积%的这些颗粒具有10μm或更小,或优选地5μm或更小的PSD。仍进一步地,该含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇颗粒可以包含缩合或共聚形式的c)含有氮原子并且具有至多400的羟基当量的共反应物多元醇,优选地三乙醇胺。优选地,该聚醚多元醇载体包括a)一种或多种乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇,该一种或多种乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇具有2000至12000,优选地2500至7000的数均分子量和2至8,或更优选地2至6,或甚至更优选地2.4至3.5的平均羟基官能度。基于用于形成该聚醚多元醇载体的环氧烷或含环氧烷的反应物的总重量,优选的乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的聚醚多元醇载体具有至少15wt.%,或优选地至多80wt.%的环氧乙烷含量。
该含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体还可以包含水或发泡剂;
g)一种或多种催化剂,如锡催化剂或优选地不含锡的催化剂,如胺催化剂,和
f)作为单独组分的一种或多种多异氰酸酯,如芳香族多异氰酸酯或芳香族二异氰酸酯,其中该含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体和该单独的多异氰酸酯组分的混合物包括用于制备软质聚氨酯泡沫的泡沫形成混合物。该泡沫形成混合物可以具有60至150的异氰酸酯指数。
进一步地,根据本发明,制备多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇分散体的方法包括:
在剪切下形成以下的反应混合物并使该反应混合物反应以制备该含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体:a)一种或多种乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇,其具有2000至12000,优选地2500至7000的数均分子量和2.4至3.5的平均羟基官能度,或优选地三的标称羟基官能度,b)作为颗粒分散体的一种或多种相容的种子多元醇,例如含有两个或更多个氨基甲酸酯基团的颗粒状支化聚醚种子多元醇,特别是含有两个或更多个芳香族氨基甲酸酯基团的PIPA聚醚种子多元醇,该一种或多种相容的种子多元醇具有如通过激光散射测定的这样的粒度直径(PSD):该分散体中90体积%的这些颗粒具有10μm或更小,或优选地5μm或更小的PSD,c)一种或多种共反应物多元醇,其具有至多400的羟基当量,优选地含有至少一个氮原子,如优选地烷醇胺,如三乙醇胺,d)至少一种催化剂,如脂肪酸的金属盐,或优选地脂肪酸锌盐,e)一种或多种含硫二醇增量剂,优选地至少一种含二硫化物的二醇,如双(羟乙基)二硫化物,和f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯,优选地芳香族二异氰酸酯。可接受的剪切速率范围为8s-1至60s-1,或优选地10s-1至40s-1。进一步地,为了提供用于制备高回弹性泡沫的PIPA聚醚多元醇,该反应混合物中的多元醇a)、b)、c)和e)可以包含基于多元醇a)、b)、c)和e)中羟基基团的总重量至少45wt.%,或优选地至少75wt.%的伯羟基基团。该f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯的量提供异氰酸酯指数为50至小于100,如50至90,或优选地60至90的组合物。
优选地,该制备含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体的方法分两步进行,并且包括:
在剪切下形成以下的反应混合物并使该反应混合物反应:a)一种或多种乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇,其具有2000至12000,优选地2500至7000的数均分子量和2至8,或更优选地2至6,或甚至更优选地2.4至3.5的平均羟基官能度,或优选地三的标称羟基官能度,b)作为颗粒分散体的一种或多种相容的种子多元醇,例如含有两个或更多个氨基甲酸酯基团的颗粒状支化聚醚种子多元醇,优选地PIPA聚醚种子多元醇,更优选地含有两个或更多个芳香族氨基甲酸酯基团的PIPA聚醚种子多元醇,该一种或多种相容的种子多元醇具有如通过激光散射测定的这样的粒度直径(PSD):该分散体中90体积%的这些颗粒具有10μm或更小,或优选地5μm或更小的PSD,和c)一种或多种共反应物多元醇,其具有至多400的羟基当量,更优选地含有至少一个氮原子;以及
在50秒至240秒的该形成和反应后,优选地在75秒至180秒后,在继续剪切的同时添加d)至少一种催化剂,如脂肪酸锌盐催化剂,e)一种或多种含硫二醇增量剂,和f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯,优选地芳香族二异氰酸酯,并且在剪切下继续混合,直至均匀分散体的放热停止。该f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯的量提供异氰酸酯指数为50至小于100,如50至90,或优选地60至90的组合物。
在根据本发明的另一方面,具有固有阻燃(FR)性质的软质聚氨酯泡沫包含以下的泡沫形成混合物的反应产物:该含硫多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇分散体;
水或发泡剂;
g)一种或多种催化剂,如锡催化剂或优选地不含锡的催化剂,如胺催化剂;和
f)作为单独组分的与该含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体、该g)一种或多种催化剂和该水或发泡剂混合的一种或多种多异氰酸酯,如芳香族多异氰酸酯或芳香族二异氰酸酯。该泡沫形成混合物可以具有60至150的异氰酸酯指数。
根据本发明的软质聚氨酯泡沫表现出以下中的一者或多者或全部:(i)10cm或更小的加州大学技术公报117,2000(CAL117)开放火焰炭化长度测试等级,和(ii)具有5秒或更小等级的CAL 117续燃测试,并且进一步地,该软质聚氨酯泡沫表现出以下中的一者或多者或全部:(i)小于600秒,优选地小于450秒的本体火焰Crib 5英国标准BS 5852:2006测试标准(Crib 5)熄灭时间测试等级,(ii)小于60g的Crib 5重量损失测试等级,(iii)根据Crib5测定的自熄材料等级,和(iv)″无燃烧″的Crib 5烧穿基座等级。进一步地,根据本发明的软质聚氨酯泡沫在直接暴露于阳光下超过1个月后保持稳定的白色。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了包含含硫多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇颗粒的聚醚多元醇分散体,这些聚醚多元醇分散体使得能够提供具有改善的阻燃性质的软质聚氨酯泡沫,如高回弹性聚氨酯泡沫。另外,本发明提供制备聚醚多元醇分散体的方法,这些方法包括通过在制备聚醚多元醇分散体时延迟添加含硫二醇增量剂来改善PIPA聚醚多元醇的反应性。因为含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇包含均匀分散在多元醇中的颗粒,所以由它们与多异氰酸酯反应得到的泡沫产物包含含硫材料颗粒于泡沫中的均匀分散体。含硫材料颗粒提供阻燃效果并且是非迁移的,因为它们反应进入泡沫基体中并形成该泡沫基体的一部分。本发明的聚醚多元醇分散体使得能够提供通过本体火焰Crib 5英国标准BS 5852:2006测试和Cal 117(2000)开放火焰测试两者的无锡聚氨酯泡沫。这些聚醚多元醇分散体还提供在直接暴露于阳光下超过1个月后保持稳定白色的聚氨酯泡沫。
所列举的所有范围都是包括的和可组合的。例如,所公开的0.2μm至4.5μm或优选地0.2μm至2.5μm的粒度直径(PSD)(x90,以体积计)将包括0.2μm至4.5μm或优选地0.2μm至2.5μm或2.5μm至4.5μm的PSD(x90)。
除非另有说明,否则温度和压力的条件为环境温度(21℃-24℃)、50%的相对湿度和标准压力(1atm)。
除非另有说明,否则任何包含括号的术语替代地是指就像存在括号的整个术语以及不存在括号的术语,以及每个替代方案的组合。因此,如本文所用,术语″(多元)二醇″和类似术语旨在包括二醇、二醇的聚合物或低聚物以及它们的混合物。
如本文所用,术语″ASTM″是指ASTM International,Conshohocken,Pa的出版物。
如本文所用,术语″CAL 117″是指《技术公报117》,″用于测试软垫家具中使用的弹性填充材料的阻燃性的测试程序和设备(Test Procedure and Apparatus for Testingthe Flame Retardance of Resilient Filling Materials Used in UpholsteredFurniture)″,加利福尼亚州北海兰兹的加利福尼亚州消费者事务部家居和隔热局(Stateof California,Dept.of Consumer Affairs Bureau of Home Furnishings and ThermalInsulation,North Highlands,CA),2000年3月或《加州大学技术公报117》,2000。
如本文所用,术语″Crib 5″是指室内装潢填充测试,点火源5,英国标准BS 5852:2006,″用于通过闷烧和燃烧点火源评估软垫座椅可燃性的测试方法(Methods of testfor assessment of the ignitability of upholstered seating by smouldering andflaming ignition sources)″,英国标准(BSI),英国伦敦,2006。
如本文所用,术语″组分″是指含有一种或多种成分的组合物,该组合物与另一种组分组合以开始反应、聚合、泡沫形成或固化。将组分分开存放,直到在使用或反应时组合。
如本文所用,术语″DIN″是指德国柏林的德国标准化协会(German Institute forStandardization,Berlin,Germany)一德国标准化学会(Deutsches Institut furNormung)的出版物。
如本文所用,术语″ISO″是指瑞士日内瓦国际标准化组织(InternationalOrganization for Standardization,Geneva,CH)的出版物。
如本文所用,术语分散体的″动态粘度″根据ASTM D4878(2015)使用配备有摆锤直径为25mm的DIN C25同轴圆柱体的Bohlin C-VOR流变仪(英国乌斯特郡的马尔文公司(Malvem,Worcestershire,UK))测定。
如本文所用,术语″放热″是指在不添加任何热的情况下导致温度升高或至少稳定升高(高于室温)的反应所产生的热。
如本文所用,以mg KOH/g分析物为单位的术语″羟基数″是指中和一克分析物材料乙酰化时吸收的乙酸所需的KOH量。
如本文所用,除非另有说明,否则术语″异氰酸酯指数″或简单地″指数″是指在给定聚氨酯形成反应混合物中异氰酸酯官能团的当量数与羟基基团的当量数的比率,乘以100并以数字表示。例如,在其中异氰酸酯的当量数等于活性氢的当量数的反应混合物中,异氰酸酯指数为100。
如本文所用,术语″标称羟基官能度″是指给定二醇或多元醇的理想式中的羟基基团数目,其不考虑式中的杂质或可变性。例如,聚(氧化烯醚)的标称羟基官能度为二。术语″标称羟基官能度″和″式羟基官能度″可以互换使用。术语″平均羟基官能度″是指羟基官能化合物的混合物的标称羟基官能度的重量平均值。例如,乙二醇和甘油的50/50w/w混合物具有0.5(乙二醇中2个标称OH基团)+0.5(甘油中3个标称OH基团)或2.5的平均羟基官能度。
如本文所用,给定聚醚多元醇或多元醇的术语″数均分子量″或″Mn″是指如通过13C-NMR分子鉴定,随后通过使用聚醚多元醇标准物如聚乙二醇校准的给定多元醇的20wt.%水溶液的凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测定的多元醇的重量分布的数均值。
如本文所用,术语″多异氰酸酯″是指具有两个或更多个异氰酸酯官能团的含有异氰酸酯基团的物质,诸如通过过量的异氰酸酯与一种或多种二醇反应制备的二异氰酸酯或其缩二脲、脲基甲酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、碳二亚胺、二聚体、三聚体或低聚物。
如本文所用,术语″总固体″或″固体″是指给定组合物中除水和在低于40℃和大气压下闪蒸或挥发的挥发性溶剂之外的任何物质。
如本文所用,短语″粒度″或″粒度直径(PSD)″是指如通过激光散射测定的给定材料分散体的粒度直径,并且以具有指定最大颗粒直径的分散体中的颗粒的体积%报告。
如本文所用,术语″x90″是指在材料的分散体或分布中测量或观察到的给定参数的第90百分位。
如本文所用,短语″重量%″表示重量百分比。
根据本发明,将多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇聚合物作为颗粒以基于分散体的总重量10wt.%至25wt.%的量分散在聚醚多元醇载体中。PIPA聚醚多元醇颗粒中的每个颗粒都包含含硫二醇增量剂的氨基甲酰化或醚化残基,如双(羟乙基)硫化物或双(羟乙基)二硫化物(HES)。在发泡反应中与多异氰酸酯反应后,根据本发明的PIPA多元醇分散体提供具有非迁移阻燃剂的泡沫,优选地没有任何阻燃(FR)添加剂。
本发明的多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇分散体包含一种或多种聚醚多元醇载体,这些聚醚多元醇载体是也部分反应成PIPA聚醚多元醇和/或由其制备的泡沫的聚醚多元醇。聚醚多元醇载体可以包含a)乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇,该乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇具有基于用于形成聚醚多元醇载体的环氧烷的总重量至少15wt.%,或优选地至多80wt.%的环氧乙烷含量。此类聚醚多元醇可以是a)乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇,该乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇具有2000至12000,优选地2500至7000的数均分子量(Mn)和2至8,或更优选地2至6,或甚至更优选地2.4至3.5个基团的平均羟基官能度,如标称羟基官能度为三。可以使用前述引发剂中的两种或更多种的混合物。例如,引发剂可以是甘油。合适的聚醚多元醇载体包括氧化烯进料在一种或多种引发剂(如三醇或三胺)或一种或多种引发剂(如三醇或三胺)与四醇、四胺、二胺或二醇中的一种或多种的混合物的存在下的氧化烯加成的产物,随后通过氧乙烯加成将产物推进至期望的数均分子量和环氧乙烷比例。合适的引发剂的示例包括具有二至四个羟基基团、伯胺基团或仲胺基团的化合物。合适的引发剂可以包括甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟乙基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、三乙醇胺和其他三醇;合适的四醇可以包括例如赤藓糖醇;合适的二醇可以包括例如分子量为120或更高、或140或更高的二醇和二胺,如甘油单酯(单甘油酯)和丙二胺。用于形成乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇的加成反应的催化剂可以是阴离子或阳离子的,如氢氧化钾(KOH)、氢氧化铯(CsOH)、三氟化硼或双金属氰化物络合物(DMC)催化剂,如六氰基钴酸锌或季膦腈正离子化合物。当使用碱性催化剂时,它们优选地在生产结束时通过整理步骤如聚结、硅酸镁分离或酸中和从多元醇中去除。
本发明的多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇分散体包含含硫的PIPA聚醚多元醇颗粒。含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇中的含硫基团可以包括硫化物基团或二硫化物基团,优选地二硫化物基团。PIPA聚醚多元醇还可以包含可以增强阻燃性的含磷基团。PIPA聚醚多元醇可以是在e)一种或多种含硫二醇增量剂和f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯,优选地芳香族二异氰酸酯的存在下以下的混合物的反应产物:聚醚多元醇载体a)具有200至12000或优选地2500至7000的数均分子量(Mn)和三的平均羟基官能度的一种或多种乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇,b)相容的种子多元醇,优选地PIPA聚醚种子多元醇,c)一种或多种共反应物多元醇,如三乙醇胺(TEOA)或二乙醇胺(DEOA),d)至少一种催化剂。
根据本发明,a)一种或多种乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇可以是该一种或多种聚醚多元醇载体中的任一种。进一步地,适合作为a)乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇的聚醚多元醇可以是本领域已知的具有必需的羟基官能度、粘度、Mn、氧乙烯含量(EO%)和OH#(mg KOH/g)的任何聚醚多元醇。包括例如通过将具有2至4个碳原子的氧化烯化合物如环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷加成聚合到具有平均2至8个或2.5至4个羟基基团的低级脂族多元醇如甘油、三乙醇胺和三羟甲基丙烷上,或含有2.5至4个活性氢原子的低分子量活性氢化合物如二亚乙基三胺上,然后当氧化烯是除氧乙烯以外的任何氧化烯时,通过氧乙烯的加成扩展所得产物以达到所需的EO%和Mn而获得的聚醚多元醇。
合适的a)乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇的示例可以包括在环氧烷进料中具有19wt.%的环氧乙烷、35.5的羟基数、大约88%的伯羟基含量和1580的羟基当量(HEW)(Mn~4750)的聚(环氧乙烷-共-环氧丙烷)共聚物三醇(甘油引发的),或其可以包括在环氧烷进料中具有70wt.%的环氧乙烷、34的羟基数、大约48%的伯羟基含量和1650的羟基当量(Mn~4950)的聚(环氧乙烷-共-环氧丙烷)共聚物三醇(甘油引发的)。可商购获得的乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇的示例可以作为VORANOLTM多元醇(陶氏化学公司(The DowChemical Company))获得。
基于用于制备含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体的反应物的总重量,a)一种或多种乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇的合适的量的范围可以为71wt.%至90wt.%,或优选地75wt.%至88.5wt.%,其中所有总wt.%加起来为100%。含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体中的一种或多种乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇的大部分充当分散体中的载体相。
根据本发明,合适的b)相容的种子多元醇可以是PIPA聚醚种子多元醇,该PIPA聚醚种子多元醇通过使至少一种如下所述的芳香族二异氰酸酯在过量多元醇的存在下在以下的多元醇混合物中反应而形成:(i)乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇或三醇引发剂与含有基于环氧烷的总重量15wt.%至80wt.%的环氧乙烷的环氧烷,和(ii)一种或多种具有氮或磷原子并且式分子量为至多400或优选地至多300的共反应物多元醇,其中该多元醇混合物包含至少70wt.%的乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇。为了提供可用于制备高回弹性泡沫的种子多元醇,该多元醇混合物包含多元醇混合物中具有至少45wt.%或优选地至少75wt.%或优选地至少80wt.%的羟基基团作为伯羟基基团的多元醇。异氰酸酯指数保持低于100以保持形成PIPA的共反应物存在于种子多元醇中。该至少一种多异氰酸酯可以用于提供异氰酸酯指数为50至小于100,如50至90或60至90的组合物。
基于用于制备含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体的反应物的总重量,b)一种或多种相容的种子多元醇的合适的量的范围可以为小于5wt.%或优选地2wt.%至4wt.%,其中所有总wt.%加起来为100%。
根据本发明,c)一种或多种共反应物多元醇可以是式量为400或更小的二醇或三醇或低聚醚二醇,如三乙醇胺(TEOA)或二乙醇胺(DEOA)。合适的共反应物多元醇c)可以包括二醇,如分子量为62至399的二元醇,尤其是烷烃多元醇,如二醇,如乙二醇、丙二醇、六亚甲基二醇,含有醚基团的低分子量醇,如二乙二醇、三乙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇或丁二醇;三醇,如甘油、三羟甲基丙烷或三羟甲基乙烷;或更高官能度的醇,如聚甘油;和烷醇胺,如单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、2-(2-氨基乙氧基乙醇)、二异丙醇胺、TEOA、DEOA和它们的混合物。可以考虑的其他烷醇胺包括N-甲基乙醇取代的烷醇胺、苯基二乙醇胺和二甘醇胺。优选地,c)一种或多种共反应物多元醇包括含胺多元醇。
基于用于制备含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体的反应物的总重量,c)一种或多种共反应物多元醇的合适的量的范围可以为7wt.%至18wt.%,或优选地8wt.%至15wt.%,其中所有总wt.%加起来为100%。根据本发明,e)一种或多种含硫二醇增量剂可以包括含有至少一个硫原子的任何二醇,如呈硫化物、二硫化物或硫醇的形式,例如硫代二乙醇。合适的含硫二醇增量剂可以包括例如硫二甘醇(2,2-硫代二乙醇)、硫代甘油、2,2′-硫代二乙醇、3,3-硫代二丙醇、3,6-二硫杂-1,8-辛二醇、3,5-二硫杂-1,7庚二醇、2,2-二硫代二乙醇、双(2-羟乙基硫代)甲烷、3-甲基硫代-1-丙胺、双(2-羟乙基)二硫化物(HES)、双(羟乙基)硫化物或它们的组合。
基于用于制备含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体的反应物的总重量,e)一种或多种含硫二醇增量剂的合适的量的范围可以为1wt.%至8wt.%,或优选地1.5wt.%至6wt.%,其中所有总wt.%加起来为100%。
根据本发明,f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯可以包括芳香族二异氰酸酯、芳香族多异氰酸酯或这些中的两种或更多种的混合物。根据本发明的有用的多异氰酸酯的示例可以包括间苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯、亚萘基-1,5-二异氰酸酯、1,3-和/或1,4-双(异氰酸基甲基)环己烷(包括顺式和/或反式异构体)、甲氧苯基-2,4-二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4′-二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-2,4′-二异氰酸酯、氢化二苯基甲烷-4,4′-二异氰酸酯、氢化二苯基甲烷-2,4′-二异氰酸酯、4,4′-亚联苯基二异氰酸酯、3,3′-二甲氧基-4,4′-联苯二异氰酸酯、3,3′-二甲基-4-4′-联苯二异氰酸酯、3,3′-二甲基二苯基甲烷-4,4′-二异氰酸酯、4,4′,4”-三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,4,6-三异氰酸酯和4,4′-二甲基二苯基甲烷-2,2′,5,5′-四异氰酸酯。二苯基甲烷-4,4′-二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-2,4′-二异氰酸酯及其混合物在本文中被称为″MDI″。甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯及其混合物统称为TDI。特定的有用的多异氰酸酯可以包括MDI、TDI、二苯基甲烷-4,4′-二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-2,4′-二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯或它们的混合物。
在含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体和其制备方法中,f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯,优选地芳香族二异氰酸酯的合适的量的范围为提供50至小于100,如50至90或60至90的异氰酸酯指数所需的量。保持异氰酸酯指数低于100确保在含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体产物中存在活性氢基团。
根据本发明,在不添加任何含锡催化剂的情况下,PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体反应以在聚醚多元醇载体中形成聚醚多元醇颗粒群。根据本发明的所得PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体具有基于聚醚多元醇分散体的重量10wt.%至25wt.%的固体含量。根据本发明的PIPA聚醚多元醇颗粒作为分散体均匀分布在聚醚多元醇载体中,并且可以具有如通过激光散射测定的这样的粒度直径(PSD):该分散体中90体积%的颗粒具有0.2μm至4.5μm或优选地0.2μm至2.5μm的最大PSD。根据ASTM D4878(2015)测定,PIPA聚醚多元醇于聚醚多元醇载体中的分散体在室温下还具有1500cP至3950cP,优选地2000cP至3900cP的稳定动态粘度。
根据制备本发明的含硫多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇分散体的方法,反应混合物在剪切下的形成和反应促进PIPA聚醚多元醇并将硫原子结合到聚醚多元醇的颗粒中,直到均匀分散体的放热停止。然而,已知e)一种或多种含硫二醇增量剂会阻碍聚合或多元醇加成。因此,本发明人发明了两步反应方法,其中将a)乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇、b)一种或多种相容的种子多元醇,如PIPA聚醚种子多元醇,和c)一种或多种共反应物多元醇在剪切下以8s-1至60s-1,或优选地10s-1至40s-1的剪切速率组合以形成稳定的PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体,随后在继续高剪切混合的同时添加d)至少一种催化剂,例如脂肪酸金属盐催化剂、e)一种或多种含硫二醇增量剂和f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯,直到均匀分散体的放热停止。
根据本发明的方法是放热的并且可以在环境温度下进行而无需添加热量。反应混合物的形成和反应可以在10℃至70℃下进行。这些方法还可以包括通过在低于室温下开始反应或通过在配备有水冷夹套的夹套式混合器中进行该形成和反应来控制放热。
因为反应快速发生并导致粘度快速增加,所以反应混合物的形成和反应的时间通常保持小于480秒,或优选地小于420秒。
优选地,制备根据本发明的PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体的方法包括:
在剪切下以8s-1至60s-1,或优选地10s-1至40s-1的速率形成以下的反应混合物并使该反应混合物反应:a)一种或多种乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇,其具有2500至7000,优选地4000至6000的数均分子量和2.5至3.4的平均羟基官能度,b)作为颗粒分散体的一种或多种相容的种子多元醇,如PIPA聚醚种子多元醇,该一种或多种相容的种子多元醇具有如通过激光散射测定的这样的粒度直径(PSD):该分散体中90体积%的这些颗粒具有10μm或更小,或优选地5μm或更小的PSD,和c)一种或多种共反应物多元醇,其具有至多400的羟基当量;以及在50秒至240秒后,优选地在75秒至180秒后,添加d)至少一种催化剂和e)一种或多种含硫二醇反应物,同时继续剪切,直至均匀分散体的放热停止。d)至少一种催化剂、e)一种或多种含硫二醇增量剂和f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯被认为是反应混合物的一部分。
根据本发明的方法,基于反应混合物的总重量,a)一种或多种乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇的合适的量的范围可以为71wt.%至90wt.%,或优选地75wt.%至88.5wt.%,其中所有总wt.%加起来为100%。
在根据本发明方法的PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体中,基于反应混合物的总重量,b)一种或多种相容的种子多元醇的合适的量的范围可以为小于5wt.%或优选地2wt.%至4wt.%,其中所有总wt.%加起来为100%。
在根据本发明的方法和PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体中,基于反应混合物的总重量,c)一种或多种共反应物多元醇的合适的量的范围可以为7wt.%至18wt.%或优选地8wt.%至15wt.%,其中所有总wt.%加起来为100%。
在根据本发明的方法和PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体中,基于反应混合物的总重量,e)一种或多种含硫二醇增量剂的合适的量的范围可以为1wt.%至8wt.%或优选地1.5wt.%至6wt.%,其中所有总wt.%加起来为100%。
在根据本发明的方法和PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体中,f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯,优选地芳香族二异氰酸酯的合适的量的范围为提供异氰酸酯指数所需的量,该异氰酸酯指数保持低于100以保持种子多元醇中存在的形成PIPA的共反应物。该至少一种多异氰酸酯的量可以提供异氰酸酯指数为50至小于100,如50至90或优选地60至90的组合物。
在根据本发明的方法和PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体中,为了提供用于制备高回弹性泡沫的PIPA聚醚多元醇,该反应混合物中的多元醇a)、b)、c)和e)可以包含基于多元醇a)、b)、c)和e)中羟基基团的总重量至少45wt.%,或优选地至少75wt.%的伯羟基基团。
根据本发明的方法,d)至少一种催化剂可以包括任何催化剂,如含锡催化剂或优选地不含锡的催化剂。例如,该催化剂可以是二价金属盐催化剂,例如锌盐或脂肪酸锌催化剂、铋盐和/或叔胺。基于反应混合物的总重量,所使用的催化剂的量可以是0.01wt.%至1wt.%,其中所有总wt.%加起来为100%。
根据本发明的含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体可以与多异氰酸酯组分如芳香族二异氰酸酯反应,以便以泡沫形成混合物形成聚氨酯泡沫。与含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体一起,泡沫形成混合物还可以包含一种或多种泡沫形成添加剂或发泡剂,如水。多异氰酸酯优选地包括至少一种二异氰酸酯,优选地芳香族二异氰酸酯。泡沫形成混合物中的多异氰酸酯组分中的合适多异氰酸酯与用于制备PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体的f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯相同,并且优选地为芳香族二异氰酸酯。
在根据本发明的泡沫形成混合物中,可以催化PIPA聚醚多元醇和一种或多种多异氰酸酯形成泡沫的反应。根据本发明的泡沫形成混合物,g)PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体组分中的一种或多种催化剂包括例如基于PIPA多元醇分散体的总重量0.1wt.%至1wt.%的量的催化剂,如胺催化剂,如叔胺。优选地,胺催化剂是在反应期间挥发并且因此部分地用作发泡剂的叔胺,例如双(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)醚。
根据本发明的泡沫形成混合物,泡沫形成添加剂可以包括至少一种发泡剂。此类添加剂通常与含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体组合作为与多异氰酸酯组分分开的组分。示例性发泡剂包括水、二氯甲烷、二氧化碳和烃。例如,基于泡沫形成混合物的总重量,水可以以1.0wt.%至7.0wt.%(例如,2.5wt.%至5.0wt.%)的量使用。泡沫形成添加剂可以包括例如有助于稳定在发泡过程期间由发泡剂形成的气泡的至少一种任选的泡沫稳定表面活性剂。例如,泡沫稳定表面活性剂可以是本领域已知的硅酮表面活性剂(如有机硅酮表面活性剂)。泡沫形成添加剂可以包括增链剂、开孔剂、填料(如三聚氰胺和/或碳酸钙)、颜料、着色剂、增强剂、杀生物剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、自催化多元醇和/或催化剂(例如发泡催化剂、胶凝催化剂和/或反应性催化剂)。
本发明的泡沫可以用于床上用品和家具,或因此用于垫料,如枕头、床垫和用于椅子和沙发的垫子以及其中的层,如欧式床垫中的床垫衬面。
实施例
以下示例说明了本发明。除非另有说明,否则所有温度均为环境温度(21℃-24℃),所有压力均为1个大气压,并且相对湿度(RH)为35%。尽管阐述本发明广义范围的数值范围和参数为近似值,但尽可能精确地报告在具体示例中阐述的数值。任何数值都固有地包含必定由其各自测试测量值中存在的标准变化所引起的确定误差。
示例中使用的且以下未另行定义的材料在下表1和表2中阐述。示例中使用的缩写包括:DEOA:二乙醇胺;Dow:密歇根州米德兰的陶氏化学公司(The Dow Chemical Company,Midland,MI);IPA:异丙醇;PEG:聚乙二醇;EO:环氧乙烷;PO:环氧丙烷;HEW:羟基当量。
表1:用于合成PIPA聚醚多元醇和用于泡沫形成的材料
下表3A和表3B总结了包括添加定时的PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体合成步骤。为了形成PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体,将所指示的成分分别称重并以所指示的比例和顺序以及定时在塑料容器中合并,并且在1200rpm或20s-1的剪切速率下混合,并在4分钟后减慢至500rpm或8.33s-1,并继续直至温度开始下降。将聚醚多元醇与种子多元醇和TEOA混合在一起,并在60秒后添加预称重的TDI部分。在所指示的时间(包括在0秒、60秒和90秒时)添加含硫增量剂。并且d)催化剂在60秒或90秒的延迟后添加。在该过程期间延迟催化剂的添加,温度计测量放热以控制反应性并且定时控制到秒。在每个示例中制备的PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体的总量为500g。下表4总结了在PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体的合成中进行的观察。
表2:用于PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体合成和用于发泡的添加剂
测试方法:在下面的示例中,使用了几种测试方法,这些测试方法在下面的表4和表5中和/或在下面的文本中确定。除非另有说明,否则所有测试进行三次并报告平均结果。所有数据的标准偏差都在可接受的限度内。
颜色稳定性:使用Chroma-Meter CR-210(柯尼卡美能达(Konica Minolta))颜色测量仪器在暴露于阳光下指定的时间段之后检查所指示的泡沫样品的表面的颜色稳定性,并且测量Yxy(CIE 1931)或白度以及这些参数的变化。选择白色用于校准,其中Y=94.2,x=0.3133并且y=0.3196。与白色Y、x和y值相比,色差测量为Δ(Yxy),并且分别测量为ΔYw、Δxw和Δyw。报告Y,并且Y为反射百分比,并示出颜色的亮度或暗度;并且x和y示出每种颜色在C.I.E 1931的色度图中的位置。基于仪器颜色评估定义,将样品的暗度报告为介于1(最佳)至10(最差)之间的定量编号。
动态粘度(25℃)是指根据ASTM D4878(2015)使用配备有摆锤直径为25mm的DINC25同轴圆柱体的Bohlin C-VOR流变仪(英国乌斯特郡的马尔文公司)测定的粘度。
PSD或PSD(x90)是指使用Beckman Coulter LS 13 320粒度分析仪(加利福尼亚州布瑞亚市的贝克曼库尔特公司(Beckman Coulter,Brea,CA))如通过激光散射测定的分析物于IPA中的浓缩溶液或分散体(20ml-30ml IPA+0.5g分析物)的粒度直径。PSD被报告为分散体中90体积%被测量为具有小于指定颗粒直径时的颗粒直径。
固体含量:通过低分辨率脉冲NMR波谱法分析PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体,通过将分析物的NMR信号的强度与乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇和共反应物多元醇和任何含硫二醇增量剂的对应未反应混合物的NMR信号的强度进行比较来进行量化。在70微秒时测定信号强度。还独立地进行绝对NMR读数以校准参考样品。下表A中总结的参数用于验证该方法,并且仅作为建立该方法的指导而提供。如下计算PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体的固体含量:
其中:
S=分析物的固体含量(%(w/w));
b′=针对偏移进行校正的PIPA样品的信号(伏特);
a′=针对偏移进行校正的多元醇标准物的信号(伏特);
dpol=多元醇标准物的密度(g/cm3);以及
dPIPA=PIPA样品的密度(g/cm)。
表A:NMR参数指导
白化时间:测量粒度加速的发展速率,并且是指在将所有材料添加到反应混合物中之后混合物从透明变为白色的时间。可接受的结果为4至6分钟或更少。长于8分钟的结果通常导致多元醇受损。
表3A:PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体合成
表3B:PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体合成
表4:PIPA聚醚多元醇性质和合成观察结果
*视觉观察:L-液体,V-粘性,P-糊剂,S-固体,G-凝胶,B-团块。N/A-因不可测量而不适用。
如上表4中所示,比较示例1是现有技术调配物,并且作为测试和工艺参数的基准,如物理性质和成分添加的时间间隔以及总工艺时间。在比较示例2和比较示例3中,用TEA部分地代替TEOA,并且导致催化剂的活化速率显著降低。结果,白化时间从比较例1的10秒显著地延长到超过450秒。所产生的PIPA聚醚多元醇在24小时后变成凝胶或固体。在比较示例4和比较示例5中,与催化剂同时添加TEA克服了硫的延迟反应影响。使用该方法,可以增加TEA的添加量。发明示例2显示出在反应混合物中大量的TEA,同时保持单阶段反应方法。发明示例1和发明示例2均产生具有合适粒度和物理性质的稳定多元醇以产生泡沫。与比较示例1相比,发明示例1和发明示例2均显示出更高的粘度和更小的粒度直径。在比较示例5中,大量的HES导致混合物具有超过400秒的非常长的白化时间。比较示例4和比较示例5均产生固体聚醚多元醇分散体。含有2-羟乙基二硫化物(HES)的调配物被证明在适应本发明方法中是有效的,同时还改善所得泡沫的FR性质。在发明示例1和发明示例2中,逐步降低HES含量并用HES部分替代TEOA产生可接受的发泡,具有较高量HES的发明示例2具有相对于发明示例1改善的多元醇外观。令人惊奇地,发明示例1和发明示例2两者仅具有大约10wt.%的固体含量。因此,当它以延迟方式与催化剂同时添加时,也许可以使用甚至更高量的HES。根据本发明,在PIPA聚醚多元醇颗粒中引入了较高量的硫;并且最终聚醚多元醇分散体的所改善性质在本发明的范围内。
将根据本发明和上述示例的PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体用于下表6中所指示的泡沫调配物中,并且以上文和/或上表4和下表5中所指示的方式进行测试。根据标准化手动混合程序制备泡沫,其中FOAMATTM泡沫评定系统(德国卡尔斯鲁厄的Format Messtechnik公司(Format Messtechnik GmbH,Karlsruhe,DE))记录了泡沫加工特性,如泡沫上升高度、反应温度和升压。使用20×20×20cm盒或30×30×25cm盒(对于Crib 5)。将除异氰酸酯和辛酸亚锡(锡催化剂)之外的所有成分用由高剪切混合器驱动的螺旋桨混合器以3500rpm搅拌30秒。然后添加锡催化剂,并且再继续搅拌10秒。在该40秒混合时间结束后,添加TDI并再搅拌10秒。然后将液体材料倒入盒中。测量上升时间和沉降。在完成泡沫加工后,将制备的泡沫在具有413K(140℃)的热空气循环的烘箱中后固化300秒。从烘箱中取出后,用手压碎泡沫,并基于所需的压碎强度指定对它们的紧密性的相对评级。
观察到这些泡沫实现了一致的加工和泡沫紧密性。
表5:泡沫测试方法
表6:泡沫形成混合物
如下表7所示,含有本发明的PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体的发明示例4的泡沫在调配物中没有其他阻燃(FR)添加剂的情况下通过了CRIB 5测试。在CAL 117测试中,发明示例4泡沫通过了续燃和总体测试。在CAL 117测试中,发明示例3泡沫在没有FR添加剂的情况下实现了改善的熄灭时间。发明示例4的泡沫的物理性质包括改善的撕裂强度和气流。
表7:泡沫物理性质和阻燃性质
由表6中的泡沫形成混合物制成的一些泡沫在室温老化后的颜色稳定性在下表8中报告。与比较示例7的常规泡沫相比,发明示例5和发明示例6的泡沫表现出优异的抗发黄性和颜色稳定性,特别是在ΔY方面。
表8:颜色稳定性
Claims (11)
1.一种用于制备具有固有阻燃性质的软质聚氨酯泡沫的含硫多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇分散体,所述含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体包含聚醚多元醇载体和基于所述分散体的总重量10wt.%至25wt.%的含硫多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇的颗粒,所述颗粒还含有两个或更多个芳香族氨基甲酸酯基团,
其中所述含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇具有如通过激光散射测定的这样的粒度直径(PSD):所述分散体中90体积%的所述颗粒具有0.2μm至4.5μm的最大PSD,并且
进一步地,其中根据ASTM D4878(2015)在25℃下测定的所述分散体的动态粘度在1500cP至3950cP的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体,其中
所述聚醚多元醇载体包括a)具有2000至12000的数均分子量和2至8的平均羟基官能度的一种或多种乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇。
3.根据权利要求3所述的含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体,其中基于用于形成所述聚醚多元醇载体的环氧烷或含环氧烷的反应物的总重量,所述a)乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的聚醚多元醇载体具有至少15wt.%且至多80wt.%的环氧乙烷含量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体,其中所述含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇的所述颗粒包含一个或多个二硫化物基团。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体,其中所述含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇的所述颗粒还包含缩合或共聚形式的b)一种或多种相容的种子多元醇作为颗粒分散体,所述一种或多种相容的种子多元醇具有如通过激光散射测定的这样的粒度直径(PSD):所述分散体中90体积%的所述颗粒具有10μm或更小的PSD。
6.根据权利要求5所述的含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体,其中所述b)一种或多种相容的种子多元醇包括PIPA聚醚种子多元醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体,其中所述含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇的所述颗粒还包含缩合或共聚形式的c)一种或多种含有氮原子并且具有至多400的羟基当量的共反应物多元醇。
8.根据权利要求7所述的含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体,其中所述c)一种或多种缩合或共聚形式的共反应物多元醇包括三乙醇胺。
9.根据权利要求1所述的含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体,所述含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体还包含:
水或发泡剂;
g)一种或多种催化剂;以及
f)作为单独组分的一种或多种多异氰酸酯,其中所述含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体和所述单独组分的混合物包括泡沫形成混合物。
10.一种制备根据权利要求1所述的多异氰酸酯加聚(PIPA)聚醚多元醇分散体的方法,所述方法包括:
在8s-1至60s-1的剪切下形成以下的反应混合物并使所述反应混合物反应以制备含硫PIPA聚醚多元醇分散体:a)一种或多种具有2000至12000的数均分子量和2至8的平均羟基官能度的乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇,b)作为颗粒分散体的一种或多种相容的种子多元醇,所述一种或多种相容的种子多元醇具有如通过激光散射测定的这样的粒度直径(PSD):所述分散体中90体积%的所述颗粒具有10μm或更小的PSD,c)一种或多种具有至多400的羟基当量的共反应物多元醇,d)至少一种催化剂,e)一种或多种含硫二醇增量剂,和f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,所述方法包括:
在剪切下形成以下的反应混合物并使所述反应混合物反应:所述a)一种或多种乙氧基化或氧乙烯封端的多元醇,所述b)作为颗粒分散体的一种或多种相容的种子多元醇,所述一种或多种相容的种子多元醇具有如通过激光散射测定的这样的粒度直径(PSD):所述分散体中90体积%的所述颗粒具有10μm或更小的PSD,和所述c)一种或多种共反应物多元醇;以及
在50至240秒的所述形成和反应之后,在8s-1至60s-1的继续剪切下,向所述反应混合物中添加所述d)至少一种催化剂、所述e)一种或多种含硫二醇增量剂和提供异氰酸酯指数为50至小于100的组合物的量的所述f)一种或多种多异氰酸酯,并且在剪切下继续混合,直至均匀分散体的放热停止。
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PL3555162T3 (pl) | 2016-12-15 | 2021-12-06 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Produkt poliuretanowy z poliolem zawierającym siarkę |
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2022
- 2022-05-19 US US18/546,841 patent/US20240150516A1/en active Pending
- 2022-05-19 EP EP22731870.6A patent/EP4352126A1/en active Pending
- 2022-05-19 WO PCT/US2022/029991 patent/WO2022260841A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-05-19 CN CN202280033238.7A patent/CN117279969A/zh active Pending
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WO2022260841A1 (en) | 2022-12-15 |
EP4352126A1 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
US20240150516A1 (en) | 2024-05-09 |
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