CN117267696A - Abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas - Google Patents

Abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117267696A
CN117267696A CN202311208315.0A CN202311208315A CN117267696A CN 117267696 A CN117267696 A CN 117267696A CN 202311208315 A CN202311208315 A CN 202311208315A CN 117267696 A CN117267696 A CN 117267696A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
tube
heat exchange
abrasion
exchange tube
dust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202311208315.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
田原宇
乔英云
田一良
崔若彤
张燕鹏
叶智刚
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China University of Petroleum East China
Original Assignee
China University of Petroleum East China
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China University of Petroleum East China filed Critical China University of Petroleum East China
Priority to CN202311208315.0A priority Critical patent/CN117267696A/en
Publication of CN117267696A publication Critical patent/CN117267696A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding

Abstract

The invention provides an abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas, which mainly comprises a shell, an upper tube plate, a heat exchange tube with an expansion joint, a lower tube plate, an end socket, a distribution baffle, an upper water outlet steam tube, a steam drum, a water return tube, a water supplementing tube, a lower water inlet tube and the like, wherein the heat exchange tube extends out of the upper tube plate by 10-150mm, and the distribution baffle is arranged 20-300mm above the lower tube plate and is fixed on a tube bundle of the heat exchange tube; the upper tube plate is fixed on the shell, and the sealing head is lined with a heat-insulating wear-resistant lining; the shell side, the water outlet steam pipe, the steam drum, the water return pipe and the lower water inlet pipe form a water vapor circulating system; the aperture ratio of the distribution baffle is 5-50%, and ash is used for resisting ash, so that high-temperature scouring abrasion is eliminated.

Description

Abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas
1. Technical field
The invention provides an abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas, and belongs to the technical field of clean utilization of coal.
2. Background art
The importance of coal in energy structures is determined by resource conditions. Worldwide, coal resources are much richer relative to other fossil resources, and in the next fifty years, will continue to be one of the world's major energy sources. Coal H/C is far lower than that of petroleum and natural gas, the unit heat value is cheapest, less than 1/4 of that of oil and gas, and the coal is most suitable for being used as fuel or producing special chemicals. However, because the composition of the coal is very complex, the coal contains a large amount of ash and other harmful substances, is inconvenient to store, transport and use, and has low heat efficiency when being used as primary energy for direct combustion.
Coal is not necessarily a "dirty energy source" and energy sources are "clean" or not, and must be associated with technologies that use energy sources, coal gasification being an important aspect of clean coal technology. The use of coal gasification followed by fuel or electricity generation is a trend in clean coal technology being developed and applied across countries of the world. However, the raw gas at the gasifier outlet has a higher temperature. The outlet temperature of the gasification furnace adopting the coal water slurry gasification process is 1200-1500 ℃, the sensible heat energy is very high, a large amount of sensible heat of the raw gas is taken away by a cooling medium in the cooling process before purification, and the sensible heat of the gasified synthetic gas is very necessary to effectively recover in order to improve the energy utilization efficiency. For example, the power supply efficiency of the current IGCC power generation technology reaches 42% -45%, and if part of sensible heat is not recovered, the energy loss can be large, and the 4% -5% of the power supply efficiency can be influenced.
The sensible heat of the gasified synthetic gas is recovered by adopting a convection waste heat boiler as an effective means at present, but because the dust-containing synthetic gas has 3 characteristics of high temperature, high pressure and strong reducibility, the problems of dust accumulation, blockage, salt scaling and abrasion of the water pipe type convection waste heat boiler and the problems of scouring abrasion of an inlet tube plate, thermal stress damage and thermal expansion leakage of a heat exchange tube of the fire pipe type convection waste heat boiler are the difficult problems to be mainly solved in the technical research of the waste heat boiler. The fire tube type convection waste heat boiler with abrasion resistance is developed from the aspects of heat exchange efficiency, prevention of volatile salt scaling, operation safety and long-period operation.
3. Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior fire tube type convection waste heat boiler technology, the invention aims to develop the abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas, the heat exchange tubes are extended out of the upper tube plate to form an ash pond, a deposited ash layer is used for counteracting the scouring abrasion of the dust-content high-temperature gas on the upper tube plate, the temperature of the upper tube plate is reduced, and the problem of thermal stress damage caused by uneven heating is solved; the influence of the inert gas retention layer on the heat exchange effect of the tube plate is eliminated by utilizing the inclination of the upper tube plate, so that the thermal stress damage caused by uneven heating is further reduced; the slight scouring flow of the plug flow of the dusty gas is fully utilized, and the heat transfer retention layer of the pipe wall is eliminated so as to improve the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat exchange pipe and solve the problem of scaling of volatile salt; the distribution baffle plate is used for uniformly distributing the inlet water, and the heat exchange tubes with expansion joints are used for respectively absorbing thermal expansion, so that the thermal stress damage and leakage to the lower tube plate are effectively eliminated, and the operation safety and long-period stable operation of the waste heat boiler are ensured.
The invention relates to an abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas, which mainly comprises a shell, an upper tube plate, a heat exchange tube, a lower tube plate, a distribution baffle, an upper water outlet steam tube, a steam drum, a water return tube, a lower water inlet tube, a sealing head, a water supplementing tube and the like, and is characterized in that the upper tube plate is fixed on the shell, the upper tube plate is inclined upwards by 0.5-10 degrees at the side of the upper water outlet steam tube, and the heat exchange tube extends out of the upper tube plate by 5-250mm; a distribution baffle is arranged 20-300mm above the lower tube plate and fixed on the tube bundle of the heat exchange tube, and the aperture ratio of the distribution baffle is 5% -50%; the heat exchange pipe is provided with or without an expansion joint, the heat exchange pipe with the expansion joint is a reducer pipe, and the equivalent pipe diameter is 30-180mm; the outer diameter of the upper heat exchange tube with expansion joint is 0.1-20mm smaller than the inner diameter of the lower heat exchange tube, the wall thickness of the tube is 2-30mm, and the insertion depth in the cold state is not less than 5mm; the upper heat exchange tube is inserted into the lower heat exchange tube to form a movable joint, the upper heat exchange tube and the lower heat exchange tube are wrapped in the expansion joint and are respectively welded with the upper end and the lower end of the expansion joint, and the expansion joint is arranged at a position 10-900mm above the distribution baffle; the shell side, the upper water outlet steam pipe, the steam drum, the water return pipe, the water supplementing pipe and the lower water inlet pipe form a water circulation and steam production system. The lower tube plate can be fixed on the shell, and can also be connected with the end enclosure by adopting a floating head type or a stuffing box type.
The aperture ratio of the distributed baffle plate refers to the ratio of the sum of the annular gap between the baffle plate and the heat exchange tube, the gap between the baffle plate and the shell and the open pore area on the baffle plate to the inner cross-sectional area of the shell.
The gas velocity of the dust-containing gas in the heat exchange tube is 5-50m/s, the thickness of the heat insulation wear-resistant lining of the seal head lining is 20-400m/s, and the end part of the heat exchange tube extending out of the upper tube plate can be sprayed with a wear-resistant layer or added with a wear-resistant lining tube.
The lower water inlet pipes at the lower part of the shell are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the shell, and the number of the lower water inlet pipes is not less than 1.
4. Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high dust-laden high temperature gas according to the present invention, with
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a heat exchange tube with expansion joints
Description of the drawings with 1
1. The heat exchange tube comprises a shell, an upper tube plate, a heat exchange tube, a lower tube plate, a distribution baffle, an upper water vapor outlet tube, a steam drum, a water return tube, a lower water inlet tube, a head, a water supplementing tube and an expansion joint, wherein the upper tube plate is arranged at the bottom of the shell, the heat exchange tube is arranged at the top of the shell, the lower tube plate is arranged at the bottom of the shell, the distribution baffle is arranged at the top of the shell, the water vapor outlet tube is arranged at the top of the shell, the steam drum is arranged at the top of the shell, the water return tube is arranged at the bottom of the shell, the water inlet tube is arranged at the bottom of the water inlet tube, the water inlet tube is arranged.
Description of the reference numerals in FIG. 2
13. Upper heat exchange tube, 14, expansion joint, 15, lower heat exchange tube.
The device features of the present invention are described in detail below in connection with fig. 1 and the examples.
5. Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The following examples are in accordance with the abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high dust-laden high temperature gas shown in fig. 1 and 2. The apparatus shown in fig. 1 specifically includes:
the abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas mainly comprises a shell (1), an upper tube plate (2), a heat exchange tube (3), a lower tube plate (4), a distribution baffle (5), an upper water outlet steam tube (6), a steam drum (7), a water return tube (8), a lower water inlet tube (9), a seal head (10), a water supplementing tube (11), an expansion joint (12) and the like, and is characterized in that the upper tube plate (2) is fixed on the shell (1), the upper tube plate (2) is inclined upwards by 0.5-10 degrees at the side direction of the upper water outlet steam tube (6), and the heat exchange tube (3) extends out of the upper tube plate (2) by 5-250mm; a distribution baffle (5) is arranged at a position 20-300mm above the lower tube plate (4) and is fixed on a tube bundle of the heat exchange tube (3), and the aperture ratio of the distribution baffle (5) is 5% -50%; the heat exchange tube (3) is provided with or not provided with an expansion joint (12), the heat exchange tube (3) with the expansion joint (12) is a reducer, the equivalent tube diameter is 30-180mm, the upper heat exchange tube (13) is inserted into the lower heat exchange tube (15) to form a movable joint, the movable joint is arranged at the position 10-900mm above the distribution baffle (5), and the upper heat exchange tube (13) and the lower heat exchange tube (15) are wrapped in the expansion joint (14) and are respectively welded with the upper end and the lower end of the expansion joint (14); the shell side, the upper water outlet steam pipe (6), the steam drum (7), the water return pipe (8), the water supplementing pipe (11) and the lower water inlet pipe (9) form a water circulation and steam production system.
The lower tube plate (4) can be fixed on the shell (1) or connected with the seal head (10) by adopting a floating head type or a stuffing box type.
The heat exchange tube (3) with the expansion joint is a reducer tube, the outer diameter of the upper heat exchange tube (13) is 0.1-20mm smaller than the inner diameter of the lower heat exchange tube (15), the wall thickness of the tube is 2-30mm, and the insertion depth in a cold state is not less than 5mm.
The aperture ratio of the distribution baffle (5) is the ratio of the sum of the annular gap between the baffle and the heat exchange tube (3), the gap between the baffle and the shell (1) and the open pore area on the baffle to the inner cross-sectional area of the shell (1).
The air speed in the heat exchange tube (3) is 3-30m/s, the thickness of the heat insulation and wear-resistant lining of the sealing head (10) is 20-400m/s, and the end part of the heat exchange tube (3) extending out of the upper tube plate (2) can be coated with a wear-resistant layer or added with a wear-resistant lining tube.
The lower water inlet pipes (9) at the lower part of the shell (1) are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the shell (1), and the number of the lower water inlet pipes is not less than 1.
Examples
An upper tube plate (2) of the abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas is fixed on a shell (1), a heat exchange tube (3) extends out of the upper tube plate (2) for 150mm, and a deposited ash impact buffer layer and a heat insulation buffer layer with the thickness of 150mm are formed, so that ash is resistant to ash, and the problems of scour abrasion and thermal stress damage of the upper tube plate are solved; the upper tube plate (2) is inclined upwards by 0.5-10 degrees at the side of the upper water vapor outlet tube (6), the upper water vapor outlet tube (6) is connected into the steam drum (7), and the problem that the upper water vapor is uniformly discharged so that the thermal stress born by the joint of the upper tube plate and the heat exchange tube is uniform is solved, and the deformation and the damage are avoided. A distribution baffle (5) is arranged at a position 100mm above the lower tube plate (4) and is fixed on a tube bundle of the heat exchange tube (3), and the aperture ratio of the distribution baffle (5) is 25%, wherein the distribution baffle comprises a ring gap between the baffle and the heat exchange tube (3), a gap between the baffle and the shell (1) and an opening on the baffle; the circumference of the shell (1) between the distribution baffle (5) and the lower tube plate (4) is uniformly provided with (4) lower water inlet pipes (9), and the lower water inlet pipes (9) are connected into the steam drum (7) through a water return pipe (8) with a water supplementing pipe (11) at the lower part; the heat exchange tube (3) with the expansion joint (12) is a reducer, an upper heat exchange tube (13) with the outer wall pipe diameter of 38mm is inserted into a lower heat exchange tube (15) with the inner wall pipe diameter of 39mm to form a movable joint, the movable joint is positioned at a position 200mm above the distribution baffle (5), the upper heat exchange tube (13) and the lower heat exchange tube (15) at the movable joint are wrapped in the expansion joint (14) with the length of 350mm and are respectively welded with the upper end and the lower end of the expansion joint (14), the lower tube plate is welded and fixed on the shell (1), and water inflow is evenly distributed through the distribution baffle, and the heat exchange tube with the expansion joint absorbs thermal expansion respectively, so that thermal stress damage and leakage to the lower tube plate are effectively eliminated. The seal head (10) is internally lined with a 50mm heat-insulating wear-resistant lining, and a shell side, an upper water outlet steam pipe (6), a steam drum (7), a water return pipe (8), a water supplementing pipe (11) and a lower water inlet pipe (9) form a water circulation and steam production system; the flow speed of the dust-containing high-temperature gas in the heat exchange tube is 6m/s, the temperature is 720 ℃, the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat exchange tube is improved by fully utilizing the slight scouring flow of the dust-containing gas plug flow, and the problem of scaling of volatile salt is solved.
The results show that the abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for the high-dust-content high-temperature gas of the embodiment has no abrasion, no scaling and no thermal stress damage after being used for 5 years, and the heat conductivity is improved by more than 30%. In the same gasification device area, a conventional waste heat boiler is used for high-dust-content high-temperature gas, and after one year of use, the upper tube plate is overhauled, the upper tube plate is seriously worn and deformed, and the lower tube plate is seriously deformed and leaks.

Claims (6)

1. The abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas mainly comprises a shell, an upper tube plate, a heat exchange tube, a lower tube plate, a distribution baffle plate, an upper water vapor outlet tube, a steam drum, a water return tube, a lower water inlet tube, a sealing head, a water supplementing tube and the like, and is characterized in that the upper tube plate is fixed on the shell, the upper tube plate is inclined upwards by 0.5-10 degrees on the side of the upper water vapor outlet tube, and the heat exchange tube extends out of the upper tube plate by 5-250mm; a distribution baffle is arranged 20-300mm above the lower tube plate and fixed on the tube bundle of the heat exchange tube, and the aperture ratio of the distribution baffle is 5% -50%; the heat exchange pipe is provided with or without an expansion joint, the heat exchange pipe with the expansion joint is a reducer pipe, and the equivalent pipe diameter is 30-180mm; the outer diameter of the upper heat exchange tube with expansion joint is 0.1-20mm smaller than the inner diameter of the lower heat exchange tube, the wall thickness of the tube is 2-30mm, and the insertion depth in the cold state is not less than 5mm; the upper heat exchange tube is inserted into the lower heat exchange tube to form a movable joint, the upper heat exchange tube and the lower heat exchange tube are wrapped in the expansion joint and are respectively welded with the upper end and the lower end of the expansion joint, and the expansion joint is arranged at a position 10-900mm above the distribution baffle; the shell side, the upper water outlet steam pipe, the steam drum, the water return pipe, the water supplementing pipe and the lower water inlet pipe form a water circulation and steam production system.
2. The abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas according to claim 1, wherein the lower tube plate is connected with the end enclosure or fixed on the shell by adopting a floating head/stuffing box type.
3. An abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high dust-laden high temperature gas according to claim 1, wherein the gas velocity of the dust-laden gas in the heat exchange tube is 5-50m/s.
4. An abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high dust laden high temperature gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the head liner insulation wear resistant liner has a thickness of 20-400mm.
5. An abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high dust-laden high temperature gas according to claim 1, wherein the end of the heat exchange tube extending out of the upper tube plate can be coated with an abrasion-resistant layer or an abrasion-resistant lining tube.
6. The abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas according to claim 1, wherein the number of the lower water inlet pipes at the lower part of the shell is not less than 1.
CN202311208315.0A 2023-09-19 2023-09-19 Abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas Pending CN117267696A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311208315.0A CN117267696A (en) 2023-09-19 2023-09-19 Abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311208315.0A CN117267696A (en) 2023-09-19 2023-09-19 Abrasion-resistant waste heat boiler for high-dust-content high-temperature gas

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CN117267696A true CN117267696A (en) 2023-12-22

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2145358Y (en) * 1992-07-26 1993-11-03 杨继林 Efficiente heat exchanger with high-temp. resisitant, anti-corrode
EP1048343A2 (en) * 1999-04-26 2000-11-02 Toyo Engineering Corporation Heat exchanger type reactor
CN201992678U (en) * 2010-12-08 2011-09-28 沈阳锅炉制造有限责任公司 Tubular air preheater
CN102384608A (en) * 2011-11-11 2012-03-21 佛山市顺德区高美空调设备有限公司 Falling-film evaporator for refrigeration system
CN202253615U (en) * 2011-08-29 2012-05-30 哈尔滨电站设备成套设计研究所有限公司 Inlet sealing flexible connection device for slag cooler of circulating fluidized bed boiler
JP2013231531A (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-11-14 Hitachi-Ge Nuclear Energy Ltd Heat exchanger
CN208139238U (en) * 2018-04-23 2018-11-23 新能能源有限公司 High temperature and high pressure flue gas afterheat utilizing system
CN212931093U (en) * 2020-06-08 2021-04-09 茂名重力石化装备股份公司 Heat exchanger capable of preventing shell side gas phase thermal resistance
CN212931091U (en) * 2020-06-08 2021-04-09 茂名重力石化装备股份公司 Heat exchanger capable of preventing tube pass liquid accumulation
CN218554037U (en) * 2022-02-21 2023-03-03 茂名重力石化装备股份公司 Carbonylation reactor suitable for working condition that tube-side pressure is smaller than shell-side pressure

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2145358Y (en) * 1992-07-26 1993-11-03 杨继林 Efficiente heat exchanger with high-temp. resisitant, anti-corrode
EP1048343A2 (en) * 1999-04-26 2000-11-02 Toyo Engineering Corporation Heat exchanger type reactor
CN201992678U (en) * 2010-12-08 2011-09-28 沈阳锅炉制造有限责任公司 Tubular air preheater
CN202253615U (en) * 2011-08-29 2012-05-30 哈尔滨电站设备成套设计研究所有限公司 Inlet sealing flexible connection device for slag cooler of circulating fluidized bed boiler
CN102384608A (en) * 2011-11-11 2012-03-21 佛山市顺德区高美空调设备有限公司 Falling-film evaporator for refrigeration system
JP2013231531A (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-11-14 Hitachi-Ge Nuclear Energy Ltd Heat exchanger
CN208139238U (en) * 2018-04-23 2018-11-23 新能能源有限公司 High temperature and high pressure flue gas afterheat utilizing system
CN212931093U (en) * 2020-06-08 2021-04-09 茂名重力石化装备股份公司 Heat exchanger capable of preventing shell side gas phase thermal resistance
CN212931091U (en) * 2020-06-08 2021-04-09 茂名重力石化装备股份公司 Heat exchanger capable of preventing tube pass liquid accumulation
CN218554037U (en) * 2022-02-21 2023-03-03 茂名重力石化装备股份公司 Carbonylation reactor suitable for working condition that tube-side pressure is smaller than shell-side pressure

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