CN117260930A - Similar model forming system and method for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles - Google Patents
Similar model forming system and method for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
- B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
- B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
- B28B17/0081—Process control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
- B28B3/022—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form combined with vibrating or jolting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/06—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for surveying; for geography, e.g. relief models
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a similar model forming system for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles, which relates to the field of simulation test equipment and comprises the following components: the automatic distribution system of similar materials, flexible unloading mechanism, three-dimensional movable frame and sound compound loading compaction mechanism, flexible unloading mechanism includes flexible power unit, spiral unloading mechanism, telescopic tube and blocks pneumatic cutting ferrule, flexible power unit and spiral unloading mechanism set up on the flitch of crossbeam, telescopic tube sets up in the spiral unloading mechanism outside and is connected with flexible power unit drive, block pneumatic cutting ferrule setting on flexible unloading mechanism, four big mechanism coupling integration realize the accurate high-efficient of overall process of large scale test model in the physical simulation test jointly, mechanized preparation, complete overall process mechanized physical simulation test system has been formed, the overall process mechanized operation of follow similar material preparation, three-dimensional fixed point transport to test model three-dimensional reconstruction has been realized, promote test precision and repeatability by a wide margin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of simulation test equipment, and particularly relates to a similar model forming system and method for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles.
Background
The construction scale and difficulty of underground engineering in China become the country with the largest scale, more and more underground engineering faces complex conditions such as deep high stress, rich water and gas, and the like, and the destabilization mechanism and safety prevention and control become research difficulties and hot spots. In the face of nonlinear damage or dynamic disasters of deep complex underground engineering, a physical simulation similar model is an important and effective scientific research means. The physical model test is a simulation experiment for simulating engineering geological conditions and construction processes in a laboratory by adopting a reduced scale model based on a similar principle, and takes engineering rock mass and size effects into consideration. The physical model test has visual, visual and real superiority, and is widely valued and applied by the geotechnical engineering world at home and abroad. The physical simulation test has the advantages of convenience, rapidness and repeatability. In order to obtain the physical simulation test data more accurately, the similarity between the simulation test and the site must be improved as much as possible.
At present, similar material models are generally manufactured manually, the precision and the strength are low, the manufacturing process is complex, the period is long, various physical and mechanical parameters of the test model can not be controlled quantitatively, and particularly, the disadvantages of the traditional manual manufacturing method are more obvious for manufacturing complex geological conditions and large-scale test models. In recent years, 3D printing technology has begun to be applied to the field of physical simulation similar model test, and various physical simulation test apparatuses applying 3D printing technology have been developed, for example:
chinese patent CN201810835969.9 discloses a 3D printing device for a sand mold with similar simulation, which comprises a printing nozzle part, a material extruding part, a lifting sand box, a pressing part and a control part, wherein the material in the bin can be printed onto the lifting sand box through a material conveying pipe, the printing nozzle part and the material extruding part, and the compacting part can be used for compacting the mold, and the whole process is controlled by the control part. The device has high printing precision, and can perform two-dimensional printing and also perform three-dimensional printing. However, the device can only simply mix the components of similar materials, and is not suitable for manufacturing complex similar materials which are developed by strictly meeting the similarity criteria; in the test process, the device slowly extrudes similar materials, has lower efficiency, is not suitable for manufacturing large-scale similar models and engineering scale models, and has certain limitation.
Chinese patent CN201510374179.1 discloses a 3D printing physical similarity simulation model experiment table and an application method thereof, wherein the experiment table comprises a die constructing mechanism, a 3D printing mechanism, a pressurized excavation mechanism and a monitoring mechanism. The model die is constructed through the die constructing mechanism, the 3D printing mechanism is utilized for model laying, the pressurization excavation mechanism is utilized for physical similarity simulation experiments, finally, the monitoring record of the stress strain and the damage condition of the model is carried out under the action of the monitoring mechanism, and finally, under the efficient matching, the simulation of the construction process under different geological conditions, especially under the complex geological structure, is realized, and the purposes of accurately and efficiently constructing the physical model of the required size and the geological condition and carrying out the visual experiment are achieved. However, the test bench also needs to manually weigh and prepare similar materials, the whole test process still needs a large amount of manpower, the mechanism is complex, the compaction treatment cannot be carried out on the test model, and the strength of the manufactured test model is low.
Chinese patent CN201510475636.6 discloses a similar simulation experiment system and a similar simulation experiment method based on a 3D printing rapid prototyping technology, wherein a batching module of the experiment system is connected with an experiment module through a printing spreading module, and a control module is respectively connected with and controls the batching module, the printing spreading module and the experiment module. The control module forms a three-dimensional digital model of a similar simulation experiment, controls the experiment module to be adjusted to a state suitable for printing the three-dimensional digital model, controls the batching ratio of the batching module through the electromagnetic valve, and controls the printing and paving module to perform three-dimensional paving on the experiment module through the direction control mechanism and the reversing valve. However, the test system is more suitable for manufacturing a two-dimensional model, the overall conveying pipeline is low in efficiency, is not suitable for manufacturing a large model, and can not quickly compact similar materials after the similar materials are paved.
The doctor paper of the northeast university develops and applies a 3D printing technology of a rock mass three-dimensional physical model, develops a 3D printing process test platform of a sample scale model, provides a 3D printing forming method of the sample scale model, realizes 3D printing manufacturing of engineering and geological structure physical models of various roadways, faults and the like, but has smaller size of an applicable test model and lower model printing efficiency.
The doctor paper of the university of Wuhan "study on the mechanical properties of layered rock mass based on 3D printing technology and FDEM numerical simulation" proposes a method capable of improving the strength and brittleness of a powder bonded 3D printing sample, and the dimensional effects of tensile strength, compressive strength and elastic modulus of the layered rock material are simulated by adopting the 3D printing technology, but the method is only suitable for the dimensions of the test piece.
In summary, the existing intelligent molding system and method for similar models for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles have the following disadvantages:
(1) A complete whole-process mechanical test system is not formed, and human intervention is needed to finish model making to a great extent;
(2) The applicable test model is small in size, and the manufactured model is mostly the size of a test piece;
(3) The method is only suitable for pasty materials with good fluidity, and the model manufacturing efficiency and precision are low;
(4) The method can only be simply stacked and formed, parameters are uncontrollable, and physical mechanical parameters such as strength, density and the like of the test model cannot be considered;
(5) The test model containing the inclined rock stratum cannot be manufactured, and the applicability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a similar model forming system and a similar model forming method for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles, and the invention forms a complete whole-process mechanized physical simulation test system, realizes whole-process mechanized operation from similar material preparation and three-dimensional fixed point conveying to three-dimensional reconstruction of test models, and greatly improves test precision and repeatability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the three-dimensional moving frame comprises a main body frame, three-dimensional moving guide rails and a three-dimensional power mechanism, wherein the main body frame comprises vertical beams and cross beams, the two cross beams are arranged in parallel, the cross beams are slidably arranged at the tops of the front counter-force frames and the back counter-force frames of the main body rack of the experimental platform, the vertical beams are arranged between the two cross beams, the vertical beams are slidably arranged on the cross beams, the three-dimensional moving guide rails are respectively arranged on the front counter-force frames, the vertical beams and the cross beams of the main body rack of the experimental platform and used for driving the movement of the vertical beams and the cross beams, and the three-dimensional power mechanism is used for providing power for driving the movement of the vertical beams and the cross beams;
the telescopic blanking mechanism comprises a telescopic power mechanism, a spiral blanking mechanism, a telescopic sleeve and a blocking pneumatic clamping sleeve, wherein the telescopic power mechanism and the spiral blanking mechanism are arranged on a blanking plate, the blanking plate is arranged on a cross beam in a sliding mode through a driving mechanism, the telescopic power mechanism is arranged on one side of the spiral blanking mechanism, the inside of the spiral blanking mechanism is of a spiral structure, the telescopic sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the spiral blanking mechanism, the telescopic sleeve is in driving connection with the telescopic power mechanism, and the blocking pneumatic clamping sleeve is arranged on the telescopic blanking mechanism and used for rapidly stopping downward conveying of materials;
the automatic similar material distribution system is communicated with the telescopic blanking mechanism and is used for realizing the processes of storing, weighing, preparing, conveying, adding water and stirring similar materials of the components of the similar materials of the test model;
the dynamic and static composite loading compaction mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the vertical beam and is used for model compaction requirements of different positions and inclined angles.
Further, the three-dimensional movable guide rail is divided into an X-axis movable guide rail, a Y-axis movable guide rail and a Z-axis movable guide rail, the X-axis movable guide rail is arranged at the top of the counter-force beam around the main body rack of the experiment platform and is a clamping groove type guide rail, so that the cross beam can move along the direction of the X-axis movable guide rail, a buckle is arranged between the X-axis movable guide rail and the cross beam to prevent dislocation sliding of the X-axis movable guide rail and the cross beam, the X-axis movable guide rail is set to be longer than a model size for realizing model end manufacturing, blanking and compaction are convenient at the model end, the Y-axis movable guide rail is arranged in the horizontal direction of the inner sides of the two cross beams, the other side of the guide rail is connected with the vertical beam, the vertical beam can move along the horizontal direction, and the Z-axis movable guide rail is arranged on the surface of the outer side of the vertical beam intersecting the cross beam, so that the vertical beam can move in the vertical direction.
Further, still include tilting mechanism, tilting mechanism sets up the side at counter-force beam around experiment platform main part rack to with two the both ends of X axle movable guide rail are articulated, are used for the upset of X axle movable guide rail, can be after the model is laid, outwards overturn the counter-force beam top around the experiment platform main part rack downwards to one side of counter-force beam around the experiment platform main part rack with X axle movable guide rail, so that make room for installing other loading back beams.
Further, the dynamic and static composite loading compaction mechanism comprises a static loading mechanism, a dynamic loading mechanism, an inclined mechanism and a rotating mechanism, wherein the rotating mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the longitudinal beam, the static loading mechanism is arranged at the output end of the rotating mechanism, the inclined mechanism is arranged inside the static loading mechanism, and the dynamic loading mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the static loading mechanism.
Further, rotary mechanism includes rotating electrical machines, speed reducer, turbine mechanism and rotating base, rotating electrical machines, speed reducer, turbine mechanism all install in the bottom of erecting the roof beam, drive turbine mechanism rotatory through rotating electrical machines and speed reducer, the rotating base is installed on turbine mechanism's output shaft, drives rotating base rotatory through turbine mechanism.
Further, the static load mechanism comprises a static load oil cylinder, an upper pressing plate, a guide rod and a lower pressing plate, wherein a static load oil cylinder base is arranged on a rotating base through bolts, the static load oil cylinder faces to a model manufacturing space, the top of the static load oil cylinder is connected with the upper pressing plate through an inclination mechanism, the lower pressing plate is arranged at the bottom of the upper pressing plate and is connected with the upper pressing plate through the guide rod, and the guide rod penetrates through an upper pressing plate bolt hole and is movably connected relative to the upper pressing plate.
Further, the dynamic load mechanism comprises a vibrating motor and a vibrating spring, wherein the vibrating motor is arranged between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate and is fixed on the lower pressing plate through bolts, and the vibrating spring is sleeved on the guide rod, so that not only can static load from the upper pressing plate be transferred, but also the lower pressing plate can vibrate under the driving of the vibrating motor.
Further, the tilting mechanism comprises a tilting cylinder, a guide rod, a support and a spherical hinge mechanism, wherein the spherical hinge mechanism is arranged on the upper pressing plate, an output shaft of the static load cylinder is fixedly connected with a universal ball in the spherical hinge mechanism, the support is uniformly arranged on the rotating mechanism and the upper pressing plate, the tilting cylinder is arranged on one side of the static load cylinder, the upper end and the lower end of the tilting cylinder are both hinged to the support, the guide rod is arranged on the other side of the static load cylinder and used for tilting and guiding, and the upper end and the lower end of the guide rod are both hinged to the support.
Furthermore, the support, the rotating base and the upper pressing plate are respectively provided with a rotating bearing on the contact surface for realizing integral rotation by matching with a rotating mechanism, and realizing different angles of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate.
A test method of a similar model forming system for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles comprises the following steps:
s01, mechanically and automatically preparing multi-component similar materials by using a similar material automatic preparation system;
s02, conveying the prepared similar materials to a three-dimensional designated position under the drive of a three-dimensional moving frame through a telescopic blanking mechanism;
s03, compacting similar materials at fixed points through a dynamic and static composite loading compacting mechanism;
s04, controlling the physical mechanical parameters of the strength and the elastic modulus of the model by controlling the frequency and the amplitude of the load in the material compacting process;
s05, controlling compaction positions of the dynamic and static composite loading compaction mechanism through the three-dimensional moving frame, and adapting to the requirements of dynamic and static composite compaction of model materials at different positions;
s06, realizing blanking at different height positions through the extension and retraction of the extension and retraction blanking mechanism along with the model paving process;
s07, paving the models in layers in sequence until the model paving is completed.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The whole process mechanized physical simulation test system is formed by coupling and integrating the automatic similar material distribution system, the telescopic blanking mechanism, the three-dimensional moving frame and the dynamic and static composite loading compaction mechanism, the whole process mechanized operation from the preparation of similar materials and the three-dimensional fixed point conveying to the three-dimensional reconstruction of the test model is realized, the messy adverse phenomenon in the past model test process is improved, and the accuracy and the repeatability of the physical simulation test are greatly improved;
(2) Three-dimensional reconstruction of a large-scale test model is realized by researching and developing a high-rigidity and high-power three-dimensional moving frame, and the application field of the 3D printing technology is expanded to the quasi-engineering scale of a large-scale physical simulation test;
(3) The efficient three-dimensional fixed-point conveying of the common powder materials in the physical simulation test is realized by researching and developing a mechanical telescopic blanking mechanism and a three-dimensional moving frame;
(4) The high-efficiency three-dimensional fixed point reconstruction of the large-scale test model is realized by researching and developing the three-dimensional moving frame and the dynamic and static composite loading compaction mechanism, and the physical and mechanical parameters such as the strength, the density, the elastic modulus and the like of the test model can be accurately controlled by adjusting the parameters such as the pressure, the vibration amplitude and the frequency of the dynamic and static composite compaction mechanism;
(5) The accurate manufacture of the test model containing the inclined rock stratum is realized by researching and developing the dynamic and static composite loading compaction mechanism, the test model can be scraped in the process of manufacturing the model, and the simulation requirements of different geological conditions are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the system of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a telescopic blanking mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional moving frame structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a dynamic-static composite loading compaction mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a dynamic-static composite loading compaction mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an automatic distribution system for similar materials; 2. a three-dimensional moving frame; 3. a telescopic blanking mechanism; 4. dynamic and static composite loading compacting mechanism; 2-1, erecting a beam; 2-2, a linear guide rail; 2-3.Z axis moving guide rail; 2-4, a cross beam; 2-5.Y axis moving guide rail; 2-6, a blanking driving mechanism; 2-7.X axis moving guide rail; 3-1, blocking the pneumatic clamping sleeve; 3-2, a spiral blanking mechanism; 3-3, telescoping tube; 3-4, a telescopic power mechanism; 4-1, rotating the base; 4-2, a support; 4-3, a guide rod; 4-4, a spherical hinge mechanism; 4-5, vibrating motor; 4-6, rotating the motor; 4-7, a speed reducer; 4-8, static load oil cylinder; 4-9, tilting the oil cylinder; 4-10, an upper pressing plate; 4-11, vibrating springs; 4-12, lower pressing plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "one side", etc., are based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements to be referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in the specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, and furthermore, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
The structure of the intelligent molding system of the similar model for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles, which is provided by the invention, is shown in figures 1-2, and the system mainly comprises: the automatic similar material distribution system 1, the telescopic blanking mechanism 3, the three-dimensional moving frame 2 and the dynamic and static composite loading compacting mechanism 4 have the following specific structures and functions:
the automatic similar material distribution system 1 is communicated with the telescopic blanking mechanism 3, and the automatic similar material distribution system 1 is mainly used for realizing the manufacturing processes of similar materials such as storage, weighing, preparation, conveying, water adding, stirring and the like of components of similar materials of a test model. The automatic distribution treatment of the similar powder materials in the whole process is completed in a completely closed environment, dust does not fly, and the pollution of dust to experimental environment, dust explosion and other safety accidents can be effectively prevented. The automatic distribution system 1 of similar materials is provided with a matched control program, remote control of each part of the system can be realized through a PLC man-machine operation interface, the operation is simple, visual and safe through touch screen control, in addition, the whole-course monitoring and detection are realized in the experimental process, the data parameters of batching metering are effectively saved, and the automatic backup can prevent the loss of data.
And in the process of paving the model, the upper surface of the model is continuously raised, if similar materials are directly poured downwards from the highest position of the model, the layout position cannot be accurately positioned, the controllability of the layout process is poor, the layout precision is greatly reduced, and the telescopic blanking mechanism 3 connected with the automatic distribution system of the similar materials is researched and developed.
The specific structure of the telescopic blanking mechanism 3 is shown in figure 3. The telescopic blanking mechanism 3 consists of a spiral blanking mechanism 3-2, a telescopic sleeve 3-3 and a telescopic power mechanism 3-4, wherein the telescopic power mechanism 3-4 and the spiral blanking mechanism 3-2 are arranged on a blanking plate, and the blanking plate is arranged on a cross beam in a sliding manner through a blanking driving mechanism 2-6 and a linear guide rail 2-2; the lower part of the spiral blanking mechanism 3-2 is positioned in the telescopic tube 3-3, the main body of the spiral blanking mechanism is of a spiral structure, a servo motor and a speed reducer provide power, forward rotation stirring of materials and reverse rotation and downward material conveying can be realized, a blocking pneumatic cutting sleeve 3-1 is arranged on the spiral structure, and when the blocking pneumatic cutting sleeve is closed, downward material conveying is stopped rapidly, so that the blanking amount and the blanking process are controlled quantitatively. The spiral blanking structure 3-2 can be suitable for powdery materials with poor fluidity, and improves the applicability of material conveying. Specifically, the telescopic sleeve 3-3 consists of three sections of sleeves, the ends of the three sections of sleeves are connected and telescopic, and the telescopic sleeve can be driven by the telescopic power mechanism 3-4 to realize continuous adaptive adjustment of the dumping position of similar materials along with the paving of the model, so that the paving position is accurately positioned; the telescopic power mechanism 3-4 comprises a servo motor, a speed reducer, a gear and a chain, wherein the servo motor and the speed reducer are arranged on the blanking plate, the servo motor drives the gear to rotate through the speed reducer, the gear is connected with the rack in a meshed manner, the rack penetrates through the blanking plate and is in driving connection with the telescopic sleeve, the gear and the chain are controlled to rotate through rotation of the servo motor and the speed reducer, so that power can be provided for telescopic sleeve 3-3 in a telescopic manner, and the whole telescopic process can be controlled in a servo manner according to the paving progress of the model.
The three-dimensional moving frame 2, the specific structure of the three-dimensional moving frame 2 is shown in fig. 4, the three-dimensional moving frame 2 is a main body part of a similar model intelligent forming system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles, and a telescopic blanking mechanism 3 and a dynamic and static composite loading compacting mechanism 4 can be arranged on the main body part, so that the functions of automatically controlling spreading and vibrating compacting are realized together, and the spreading efficiency and quality of similar materials are improved. The three-dimensional moving frame mainly comprises a main body frame (a vertical beam 2-1 and a cross beam 2-4), three-dimensional moving guide rails (a Z-axis moving guide rail 2-3, a Y-axis moving guide rail 2-5 and an X-axis moving guide rail 2-7) and a three-dimensional power mechanism.
The main body frame comprises two cross beams 2-4 and two vertical beams 2-1, wherein the two cross beams 2-4 are arranged in parallel and transversely span the tops of the front and rear reaction frames of the main body rack of the experimental platform. One vertical beam 2-1 is arranged between two cross beams 2-4, and a dynamic and static composite loading compacting mechanism 4 is arranged at the bottom of the vertical beam 2-1. The other vertical beam 2-1 is arranged on one side of the cross beam 2-4, and various auxiliary mechanisms are arranged at the bottom of the vertical beam 2-1.
The three-dimensional moving guide rail comprises an X-axis moving guide rail 2-7, a Y-axis moving guide rail 2-5 and a Z-axis moving guide rail 2-3. An X-axis moving guide rail 2-7 is arranged at the top of the front counter-force beam and the back counter-force beam of the main body rack of the experiment platform and is a clamping groove type guide rail, so that the main body frame can move along the X-axis moving guide rail direction; in order to realize the manufacturing of the end part of the model, the X-axis movable guide rail 2-7 is arranged to be longer than the model in size, so that the blanking and compaction at the end part of the model are convenient; because the 3D intelligent construction similar material laying system is provided with the vibration mechanism, in order to keep the stability of the three-dimensional moving frame, a buckle is arranged between the main body frame and the X-axis guide rail 2-7, so that dislocation and sliding of the main body frame and the X-axis guide rail are prevented; the two ends of the two X-axis movable guide rails 2-7 are respectively provided with a turnover mechanism, the turnover mechanisms are arranged on the side beams of the counter-force frame, the X-axis movable guide rails 2-7 can be turned over through the turnover mechanisms, the model laying is finished, the X-axis movable guide rails 2-7 are turned over to one side from the tops of the counter-force beams around the bench of the main body of the experimental platform outwards and downwards, so that a space is reserved for installing the partition sliding automatic locking loading top beams. Y-axis movable guide rails 2-5 are arranged in the horizontal direction on the inner side of the main body frame cross beam, the other sides of the guide rails are connected with the vertical beams 2-1, so that the vertical beams 2-1 can move along the horizontal direction, and the guide rails are linear screw guide rails 2-2. The Z-axis moving guide rail 2-3 is vertically arranged on the surface, intersecting with the cross beam 2-4, of the outer side of the vertical beam 2-1, the guide rail is a linear screw guide rail 2-2, the other side of the guide rail is connected with the cross beam 2-4, and the vertical beam 2-1 can move in the vertical direction.
The three-dimensional power mechanism comprises an X-axis power mechanism, a Y-axis power mechanism and a Z-axis power mechanism, wherein the installation positions of the three-dimensional power mechanism are shown in figure 2, the three movable shafts are respectively provided with the power mechanisms correspondingly, and each movable mechanism consists of a servo motor, a speed reducer and a matched control system. The working process of the motor can be controlled by a computer servo, so that the movement of the main body frame cross beam 2-4 and the vertical beam 2-1 is controlled by the servo, the laying points are accurately positioned, and the three-dimensional laying of the model and the reconstruction of the geological structure are realized.
The dynamic and static composite loading compaction 4, the specific structure of the dynamic and static composite loading compaction mechanism 4 is shown in fig. 5-6, and the dynamic and static composite loading compaction mechanism 4 is integrally arranged at the bottom of the vertical beam 2-1 of the three-dimensional moving frame 2 and mainly comprises a static load mechanism, a dynamic load mechanism, an inclination mechanism and a rotation mechanism. The similar materials can be compacted through dynamic and static combination superposition load, so that the strength of the similar materials is more uniform; the dynamic load and static load strength can be adjusted, and the paving requirements of similar materials with different strengths are met; the compaction mechanism can be rotated and tilted, and the paving requirement of the inclined coal stratum is met.
The static load mechanism mainly comprises a static load oil cylinder 4-8, an upper pressing plate 4-10, a guide rod 4-3 and a lower pressing plate 4-12. The base of the static load oil cylinder 4-8 is arranged on the rotating base 4-1 through bolts, and the static load oil cylinder 4-8 faces the model manufacturing space; the static load oil cylinder 4-8 is connected with a hydraulic loading system, and the top of the static load oil cylinder 4-8 is connected with the upper pressing plate 4-10 through a spherical structure 4-4, so that the inclined transmission of static load can be realized; the lower pressing plate 4-12 is arranged at the bottom of the upper pressing plate 4-10, the lower pressing plate 4-12 and the upper pressing plate are connected through the guide rod 4-3, and the guide rod 4-3 penetrates through the bolt hole of the upper pressing plate 4-10 and is movable relative to the upper pressing plate 4-10.
The dynamic load mechanism mainly comprises a vibration motor 4-5 and a vibration spring 4-10. The vibration motor 4-5 is arranged between the upper pressing plate 4-10 and the lower pressing plate 4-12 and is fixed on the lower pressing plate 4-12 through bolts; the vibration motor 4-5 is characterized in that two ends of a rotor shaft are respectively provided with a group of adjustable eccentric blocks, exciting force is obtained by utilizing centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation of the shaft and the eccentric blocks, and similar materials are compacted more uniformly and efficiently through the exciting force. The vibrating spring 4-11 is sleeved on the guide rod 4-3, so that not only can static load from the upper pressing plate 4-10 be transmitted, but also the lower pressing plate 4-12 can vibrate within a certain range under the drive of the vibrating motor 4-5.
The tilting mechanism mainly comprises a tilting cylinder 4-9, a guide rod 4-3, a support 4-2 and a spherical hinge mechanism 4-4. One side of the static load oil cylinder 4-8 is provided with an inclined oil cylinder 4-9, the bottom of the inclined oil cylinder 4-9 is connected with the rotating base 4-1 through a support 4-2 and a pin, and the top of the inclined oil cylinder 4-9 is connected with the upper pressing plate 4-10 through the support 4-2 and the pin; a guide rod 4-3 is arranged on the other side of the static load cylinder 4-8 and used for oblique guide; during experiments, the inclined oil cylinders 4-9 are controlled to stretch and retract, the guide rods 4-3 are driven to stretch and retract, the upper pressing plate 4-10 and the lower pressing plate 4-12 are inclined at a specified angle, and the spherical hinge mechanism 4-4 can enable the inclined structure to be connected into a whole and can incline and rotate. The automatic laying requirement of the inclined coal stratum is met, and the maximum inclination angle is 60 degrees; because only one inclined oil cylinder 4-9 and one guide rod 4-3 are arranged, the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate can only incline in one direction, and for this purpose, the contact surfaces of the support 4-2, the rotating base 4-1 and the upper pressing plate 4-10 are uniformly distributed with rotating bearings, and the support is matched with a rotating mechanism to realize integral rotation, so that the inclination of the upper pressing plate 4-10 and the lower pressing plate 4-12 at different angles is realized, and the automatic laying function adaptability of the inclined coal and rock model is stronger.
The rotating mechanism mainly comprises a rotating motor 4-6, a speed reducer 4-7, a turbine mechanism, a rotating bearing and a rotating base 4-1. The rotating motor 4-6, the speed reducer 4-7 and the turbine mechanism are all arranged at the bottom end of the vertical beam, the turbine mechanism is driven to rotate through the rotating motor and the speed reducer 4-2, and the rotating base is arranged on an output shaft of the turbine mechanism and is driven to rotate through the turbine mechanism and the bearing. The existence of the spherical hinge mechanism 4-4 enables the connection of the rotating mechanism to meet the rotation requirement; the static load mechanism, the movable load mechanism and the tilting mechanism are connected with the bottom of the vertical beam 2-1 through the rotating base 4-1, and the static load mechanism, the movable load mechanism and the tilting mechanism can integrally rotate by driving the rotating base 4-1 to rotate; the rotating mechanism is matched with the tilting mechanism, so that the automatic laying of the coal-rock models in different tilting directions can be realized.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a matching test method of a similar model intelligent molding system for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles, which comprises the following steps:
s01, mechanically and automatically preparing multi-component similar materials by using a similar material automatic preparation system 1;
s02, conveying the prepared similar materials to a three-dimensional designated position through a telescopic blanking mechanism 3 under the drive of a three-dimensional moving frame 2;
s03, compacting similar materials at fixed points through a dynamic and static composite loading compacting mechanism 4;
s04, controlling physical and mechanical parameters such as strength, elastic modulus and the like of the model by controlling the frequency and the amplitude of the load in the material compacting process;
s05, controlling compaction positions of the dynamic and static composite loading compaction mechanism 4 through the three-dimensional moving frame 2, and adapting to the requirements of dynamic and static composite compaction of model materials at different positions;
s06, along with the model paving process, the blanking at different height positions is realized through the extension and retraction of the extension and retraction blanking mechanism 3;
s07, paving the models in layers in sequence until the model paving is completed.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A similar model intelligent molding system for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles is characterized by comprising:
the three-dimensional moving frame comprises a main body frame, three-dimensional moving guide rails and a three-dimensional power mechanism, wherein the main body frame comprises vertical beams and cross beams, the two cross beams are arranged in parallel, the cross beams are arranged at the tops of the front and rear counter-force frames of the main body rack of the experimental platform in a sliding manner, the vertical beams are arranged between the two cross beams, the vertical beams are arranged on the cross beams in a sliding manner, the three-dimensional moving guide rails are respectively arranged on the front and rear counter-force frames of the main body rack of the experimental platform, the vertical beams and the cross beams and used for driving the movement of the vertical beams and the cross beams, and the three-dimensional power mechanism is used for providing power for driving the movement of the vertical beams and the cross beams;
the telescopic blanking mechanism comprises a telescopic power mechanism, a spiral blanking mechanism, a telescopic sleeve and a blocking pneumatic clamping sleeve, wherein the telescopic power mechanism and the spiral blanking mechanism are arranged on a blanking plate, the blanking plate is arranged on a cross beam in a sliding mode through a blanking driving mechanism, the telescopic power mechanism is arranged on one side of the spiral blanking mechanism, the inside of the spiral blanking mechanism is of a spiral structure, the telescopic sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the spiral blanking mechanism, the telescopic sleeve is in driving connection with the telescopic power mechanism, and the blocking pneumatic clamping sleeve is arranged on the telescopic blanking mechanism and used for rapidly stopping downward conveying of materials;
the automatic similar material distribution system is communicated with the telescopic blanking mechanism and is used for realizing the processes of storing, weighing, preparing, conveying, adding water and stirring similar materials of the components of the similar materials of the test model;
the dynamic and static composite loading compaction mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the vertical beam and is used for model compaction requirements of different positions and inclined angles.
2. The intelligent molding system for the similar model for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional moving guide rail is divided into an X-axis moving guide rail, a Y-axis moving guide rail and a Z-axis moving guide rail, wherein the X-axis moving guide rail is arranged at the top of a front counter-force beam and a back counter-force beam of a main body bench of an experiment platform, is a clamping groove type guide rail, so that a cross beam can move along the X-axis moving guide rail direction, a buckle is arranged between the X-axis moving guide rail and the cross beam to prevent dislocation sliding of the X-axis moving guide rail and the cross beam, the X-axis moving guide rail is arranged to be longer than the model size to facilitate blanking and compaction at the end part of the model, the Y-axis moving guide rail is arranged in the horizontal direction inside the two cross beams, the other side of the Y-axis moving guide rail is connected with a vertical beam to enable the vertical beam to move along the horizontal direction, and the Z-axis moving guide rail is arranged on the surface where the outer side of the vertical beam intersects the cross beam to enable the vertical beam to move in the vertical direction.
3. The intelligent modeling system for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles according to claim 2, further comprising a turnover mechanism, wherein the turnover mechanism is arranged on the side surface of the experiment platform main body rack front and back counter-force beams, is hinged with two ends of the X-axis moving guide rails and is used for turning over the X-axis moving guide rails, and can turn over the X-axis moving guide rails from the top of the experiment platform main body rack front and back counter-force beams to one side of the experiment platform main body rack front and back counter-force beams outwards and downwards after modeling is finished, so that a space is reserved for installing other loading top beams.
4. The intelligent model forming system for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic and static composite loading compaction mechanism comprises a static loading mechanism, a dynamic loading mechanism, an inclination mechanism and a rotation mechanism, the rotation mechanism is arranged at the bottom of a longitudinal beam, the static loading mechanism is arranged at the output end of the rotation mechanism, the inclination mechanism is arranged inside the static loading mechanism, and the dynamic loading mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the static loading mechanism.
5. The intelligent molding system for the similar model for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles according to claim 4, wherein the rotating mechanism comprises a rotating motor, a speed reducer, a turbine mechanism and a rotating base, the rotating motor, the speed reducer and the turbine mechanism are all arranged at the bottom end of a vertical beam, the turbine mechanism is driven to rotate through the rotating motor and the speed reducer, the rotating base is arranged on an output shaft of the turbine mechanism, and the rotating base is driven to rotate through the turbine mechanism.
6. The intelligent model forming system for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles according to claim 5, wherein the static load mechanism comprises a static load oil cylinder, an upper pressing plate, a guide rod and a lower pressing plate, wherein a base of the static load oil cylinder is arranged on the rotating base through bolts, the static load oil cylinder faces to a model manufacturing space, the top of the static load oil cylinder is connected with the upper pressing plate through a tilting mechanism, the lower pressing plate is arranged at the bottom of the upper pressing plate, the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are connected through the guide rod, and the guide rod penetrates through an upper pressing plate bolt hole and is movably connected relative to the upper pressing plate.
7. The intelligent molding system for three-dimensional reconstruction of strata with different dip angles according to claim 6, wherein the dynamic loading mechanism comprises a vibration motor and a vibration spring, the vibration motor is arranged between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate and is fixed on the lower pressing plate through bolts, and the vibration spring is sleeved on the guide rod, so that not only can static load from the upper pressing plate be transmitted, but also the lower pressing plate can vibrate under the driving of the vibration motor.
8. The intelligent molding system for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the stratum with different dip angles according to claim 7, wherein the tilting mechanism comprises a tilting cylinder, a guide rod, a support and a spherical hinge mechanism, the spherical hinge mechanism is arranged on an upper pressing plate, an output shaft of the static load cylinder is fixedly connected with a universal ball in the spherical hinge mechanism, the support is uniformly arranged on the rotating mechanism and the upper pressing plate, the tilting cylinder is arranged on one side of the static load cylinder, the upper end and the lower end of the tilting cylinder are hinged on the support, the guide rod is arranged on the other side of the static load cylinder and used for tilting guide, and the upper end and the lower end of the guide rod are hinged on the support.
9. The intelligent molding system for the similar model for three-dimensional reconstruction of the stratum with different dip angles according to claim 8, wherein the contact surfaces of the support, the rotating base and the upper pressing plate are respectively provided with a rotating bearing for realizing integral rotation by being matched with a rotating mechanism, and realizing different-angle tilting of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate.
10. The test method matched with the intelligent molding system of the similar model for three-dimensional reconstruction of the stratum with different dip angles is characterized by comprising the following test steps:
s01, mechanically and automatically preparing multi-component similar materials by using a similar material automatic preparation system;
s02, conveying the prepared similar materials to a three-dimensional designated position under the drive of a three-dimensional moving frame through a telescopic blanking mechanism;
s03, compacting similar materials at fixed points through a dynamic and static composite loading compacting mechanism;
s04, controlling the physical mechanical parameters of the strength and the elastic modulus of the model by controlling the frequency and the amplitude of the load in the material compacting process;
s05, controlling compaction positions of the dynamic and static composite loading compaction mechanism through the three-dimensional moving frame, and adapting to the requirements of dynamic and static composite compaction of model materials at different positions;
s06, realizing blanking at different height positions through the extension and retraction of the extension and retraction blanking mechanism along with the model paving process;
s07, paving the models in layers in sequence until the model paving is completed.
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| CN202311203970.7A CN117260930A (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | Similar model forming system and method for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles |
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| CN202311203970.7A CN117260930A (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | Similar model forming system and method for three-dimensional reconstruction of stratum with different dip angles |
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