CN117250168A - Terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method, terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system and application of terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method - Google Patents
Terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method, terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system and application of terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method, a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system and application thereof, which belong to the technical field of terahertz, wherein the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method is applied to a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system, the system comprises a first polaroid, a second polaroid, a terahertz time-domain spectrum unit, a transmitting end, a detecting end and a sample carrier, and the terahertz quantum weak measurement method and system based on a quantum weak value amplification effect provided by the invention can break through the trace detection limit of the current terahertz technology. According to the terahertz quantum weak measurement system, a terahertz polarization state (pre-selection state) is selected, a micro disturbance is generated on the terahertz polarization state by the measured micro change, and then a disturbed system state is projected onto the post-selection state by strong measurement, so that a terahertz quantum weak measurement system is established; most chiral drugs have resonance absorbability in terahertz wave bands, and are beneficial to realizing high-sensitivity conformational identification of chiral drugs by utilizing optical rotation micro-variation of chiral molecules as weak coupling effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of terahertz, in particular to a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method, a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system and application.
Background
The research of the chirality of the medicine is important in the biomedical fields of medicine design and synthesis, protein structure measurement and the like, and is concerned with human health. Many chiral drugs exhibit distinct pharmacological, toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties when interacting with proteins in the organism. The identification and detection of drug chirality is imperative and extremely important.
The chiral molecule identification method commonly used at present mainly comprises the following steps: chromatography (high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography), capillary electrophoresis (capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography), spectrometry (circular dichroism, raman spectrometry). The above method has one or more of the following disadvantages: complicated operation, belongs to lossy detection, depends on standard substances, has strong limitation, has high detection limit and the like, and is not an ideal method. Compared with other wave bands such as visible light, terahertz (THz, frequency is 0.1-10 THz) electromagnetic waves have strong sensitivity and fingerprint property for low-frequency vibration of molecules. The terahertz technology is used as a non-contact, label-free and non-ionization detection method, has effective detection capability of molecular conformation and weak interaction, and has stronger detection advantage and application potential in chiral molecular conformation recognition. However, the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology commonly used at present is mostly reserved on spectrum test and qualitative analysis, so that quantitative detection is difficult to realize, and the sensitivity can not meet the requirements far.
Therefore, the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement technology and the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system are established, the characteristic fingerprint property that the terahertz wave frequency band is matched with the energy level interval caused by macromolecular vibration, rotation and conformational change and the high sensitivity characteristic that the quantum weak measurement amplifies signals without amplifying technical noise are utilized, the detection sensitivity of chiral molecules is greatly improved, and the requirement of chiral medicine high-sensitivity conformational identification is met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defect of insufficient sensitivity to be measured of the chiral sample to be measured at present, the invention provides a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method, a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system and application.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method is applied to a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system, the system comprises a first polaroid, a second polaroid, a terahertz time-domain spectrum unit, a transmitting end, a detecting end, a sample carrier and a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement calculation unit, and the method comprises the following steps:
pre-selecting, namely using the polarization state selected by the incident terahertz wave emitted by the terahertz time-domain spectrum unit through the emitting end through the first polaroid as a quantum pre-selection state;
then selecting the polarization state selected by the second polaroid as the quantum post-selection state;
before measurement, the quantum pre-selection state and the quantum post-selection state are orthogonal to each other;
a sample to be measured is arranged between the first polaroid and the second polaroid under the weak coupling effect, and after the terahertz wave acts on the sample to be measured, the terahertz wave spectrum is measured after the terahertz wave spectrum is received by the terahertz time-domain spectrum unit through the detection end;
constructing a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement model, and selecting a terahertz wave polarization state change value beta caused by the action of terahertz waves and a sample to be measured after calculation;
the terahertz wave polarization state variation value beta reflects the X to be measured of the sample to be measured.
When the terahertz quantum weak measurement system works, the terahertz polarization state (quantum pre-selection state) is creatively selected, the measured tiny change generates a micro disturbance on the terahertz wave polarization state, and the disturbed quantity is projected onto the quantum post-selection state by using a strong measurement method, so that the terahertz quantum weak measurement system is established.
Preferably, X is to be measured by the calibration of the X-beta, and the X to be measured can be obtained by beta calculation; the quantitative calculation of X to be measured is convenient, and the measurement precision and sensitivity are improved.
Preferably, when the terahertz wave acts on the sample to be detected, the quantum pre-selection state is formed by forming an X direction π / 4 Quantum post-selection state is formed with X direction 3π / 4 -beta; using the current maturation π / 4 3 pi / 4 The polarization state is convenient to measure and debug, and the measurement accuracy and sensitivity are improved.
Preferably, the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement model:
wherein A is w Is quantum weak value, beta is terahertz wave polarization state change value, imA w Is A w Is the imaginary part of (2); g 0 The coupling strength of the terahertz wave and the sample to be tested is obtained; p is photon momentum of terahertz waves; δp is the variation of photon momentum of the terahertz wave; delta lambda is the wavelength shift amount of the terahertz wave; lambda (lambda) 0 Corresponding photon momentum p 0 Delta lambda is the spectral width.
Preferably, the terahertz wave and the sample to be measured act in a transmission mode or a metal grating-refraction mode, so that the terahertz wave is convenient to perform weak coupling action on optical rotation (degree) and refractive index.
Preferably, in the transmission mode, the sample carrier is a sample cell and the sample to be measured X is an optical rotation b.
Preferably, when in the metal grating-refraction mode, the sample carrier is a prism coated with a metal grating, and the X to be measured of the sample to be measured is the refractive index c.
The invention also provides a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system, which comprises,
the first polaroid is configured at the terahertz wave incidence end of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit to select terahertz waves in a quantum front selected state;
the carrier to be measured is configured between the first polaroid and the second polaroid so as to enable terahertz waves in quantum pre-selection state to be weakly coupled with a sample to be measured on the carrier to be measured;
the second polaroid is configured at the terahertz wave detection end of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit to select terahertz waves in a quantum post-selected state; before measurement, the quantum post-selection state and the quantum pre-selection state are orthogonal to each other;
a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit configured to emit, adjust, detect, spectrally measure terahertz waves;
and the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement calculation unit is configured to select a terahertz wave polarization state change value and a sample to be measured in the terahertz wave according to the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement model and the terahertz wave spectrum calculation.
Preferably, the system further comprises;
a half-wave plate and a first focusing lens arranged between the terahertz wave incident end and the first polarizer to adjust the intensity of the incident terahertz wave;
and a second focusing lens arranged between the second polarizer and the terahertz wave detection end to focus detection.
Preferably, the carrier to be measured is a sample cell or a prism plated with a metal grating.
The invention also provides application of the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system in chiral drug high-sensitivity detection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the terahertz quantum weak measurement technology based on the quantum weak value amplification effect provided by the invention can break through the trace detection limit of the existing terahertz technology. And selecting a terahertz polarization state (a front selection state), generating a micro disturbance on the terahertz polarization state by the measured micro change, and then projecting the disturbed system state onto the rear selection state by using strong measurement to further establish a terahertz quantum weak measurement system. Most chiral drugs have resonance absorbability in terahertz wave bands, and are beneficial to realizing high-sensitivity conformational identification of chiral drugs by utilizing optical rotation micro-variation of chiral molecules as weak coupling effect.
2. The terahertz quantum weak measurement theory foundation, namely the terahertz quantum weak value amplification effect transfer function model, is the foundation and support of terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement technology and system.
3. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology and the quantum weak measurement technology are fused, a quantum weak measurement system is constructed on the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, and a transmission mode and a metal grating-refraction mode are established, so that the detection precision of the optical rotation and the refractive index of a substance can be greatly improved, and a novel label-free terahertz trace detection technology is developed.
4. Compared with the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology commonly used at present, the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement technology and the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system are expected to improve the measurement sensitivity by 2-3 orders of magnitude.
Drawings
The invention is described in detail below with reference to examples and figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a terahertz quantum weak value amplification effect mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system in a transmission mode;
FIG. 5 is a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system in a metal grating-refraction mode;
fig. 6 is a graph of terahertz quantum weak measurement results of a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system in a low-concentration glucose sample.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Examples of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements throughout, or elements having like or similar functionality. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The research of the chirality of the medicine is important in the biomedical fields of medicine design and synthesis, protein structure measurement and the like, and is concerned with human health. Many chiral drugs exhibit distinct pharmacological, toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties when interacting with proteins in the organism. The identification and detection of drug chirality is imperative and extremely important.
The chiral molecule identification method commonly used at present mainly comprises the following steps: chromatography (high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography), capillary electrophoresis (capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography), spectrometry (circular dichroism, raman spectrometry). The above method has one or more of the following disadvantages: complicated operation, belongs to lossy detection, depends on standard substances, has strong limitation, has high detection limit and the like, and is not an ideal method. Compared with other wave bands such as visible light, terahertz (THz, frequency is 0.1-10 THz) electromagnetic waves have strong sensitivity and fingerprint property for low-frequency vibration of molecules. The terahertz technology is used as a non-contact, label-free and non-ionization detection method, has effective detection capability of molecular conformation and weak interaction, and has stronger detection advantage and application potential in chiral molecular conformation recognition. However, the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology commonly used at present is mostly reserved on spectrum test and qualitative analysis, so that quantitative detection is difficult to realize, and the sensitivity can not meet the requirements far.
Therefore, the application discloses a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method and a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system,
referring to fig. 1-6, the system 100 includes a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit 101 configured for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy;
a transmitting end 102 configured to emit incident terahertz waves;
a probe end 103 configured to receive terahertz waves;
a first polarizer 104 configured to pre-select, through which the terahertz wave passes, a quantum pre-select state;
a second polarizing plate 105 configured to post-select, through which the terahertz wave is quantum post-selected,
before measurement, the quantum post-selection state and the quantum pre-selection state are orthogonal to each other;
a sample carrier 106 configured to carry the sample 10 to be measured between the first polarizing plate 104 and the second polarizing plate 105, and perform weak coupling of the terahertz wave in the quantum pre-selected state and the sample to be measured;
and a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement calculation unit 1011 configured to select a terahertz wave polarization state variation value and a sample to be measured in the middle according to the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement model and the spectrum calculation of the terahertz wave.
The terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method is applied to the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system, and comprises the following steps: s1, pre-selecting, namely, taking a polarization state selected by a first polaroid as a quantum pre-selection state by incident terahertz waves emitted by a terahertz time-domain spectrum unit through a transmitting end; then selecting the polarization state of the terahertz wave selected by the second polaroid as the quantum post-selection state; before measurement, the quantum pre-selection state and the quantum post-selection state are orthogonal to each other;
s2, weak coupling and spectrum measurement, wherein a sample to be measured is arranged between the first polaroid and the second polaroid, and after terahertz waves act on the sample to be measured, terahertz wave spectrums are measured after terahertz wave waves are received by a terahertz time-domain spectrum unit through a detection end;
s3, constructing a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement model, and selecting a terahertz wave polarization state change value beta caused by the action of terahertz waves and a sample to be measured after calculation;
s4, reflecting X to be measured of the sample to be measured by the terahertz wave polarization state variation value beta.
In some embodiments, when the terahertz wave acts on the sample to be measured, the quantum pre-selection state is formed with the X direction π / 4 Terahertz wave of (2), quantum post-selection state is formed with X direction 3π / 4 -beta; using the current maturation π / 4 A kind of electronic device with high-pressure air-conditioning system 3π / 4 The polarization state is convenient to measure and debug, and the measurement accuracy and sensitivity are improved.
In some embodiments, the quantum pre-selection state is a terahertz wave at θ to the X-direction, and the quantum post-selection state is at θ to the X-directionWherein θ takes the value +.>In this embodiment, terahertz quantum weak value amplification effect mechanism: using a terahertz photon system as a quantum system to be measured, and selecting the polarization state of the terahertz photon as a physical quantity to be measured and the momentum of the terahertz photon as a pointer; the weak coupling effect refers to that terahertz waves are weakly absorbed, scattered, dispersed or polarization rotation is generated by molecules to be detected when the terahertz waves are transmitted in a sample; terahertz spectral variations (stretching, frequency shifting, etc.) can be determined byThe filtered post-selection state representation is finally measured by a terahertz detector (balance detector, spectrometer, power meter, etc.);
in this embodiment, the terahertz frequency domain transfer function model with quantum weak value amplification: selecting mutually perpendicular terahertz wave polarization states as mutually orthogonal quantum pre-selection states |psi pre >And quantum post-selection state |psi post >The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The optical activity of chiral molecules causes the polarization state of terahertz waves to rotate, namely weak coupling effect, and the pre-selected weak coupling polarization state is expressed as |psi'>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then the weak value is
In quantum weak measurement, the absolute value of the weak value is the amplification factor of the measured physical quantity; as can be seen from equation (1), the coefficient may be much greater than 1 when the front and rear options are nearly orthogonal. Therefore, the front selection state, the back selection state and the weak coupling process are used for measuring the operators according to the terahertz emission wave expression and the detection mechanism and the quantum weak measurementA criterion, deducing a weak value expression and a frequency domain transfer function model;
in this embodiment, first, a terahertz quantum weak value amplification effect mechanism is established: as shown in FIG. 3, the Hamiltonian of the quantum weak interaction is set asWherein g (t) is the coupling strength, which can be regarded as a constant in the sample to be measured, zero outside the sample, and +.>Is determined by the sample thickness L, the absorption coefficient alpha (omega) and the effective refractive index n (omega); />Is a momentum operator of terahertz photons in the Z direction; />Is the polarization operator of terahertz photons, and +.> |H>And |V>Is->Is ± 1, i.e. +.> Representing the polarization states in the X and Y directions, respectively. Terahertz polarized light with pi/4 of X direction is selected as a pre-selection state of terahertz photons, and the terahertz polarized light with pi/4-beta (beta) of X direction is selected<<1, is the polarization state change caused by the transmission of the terahertz wave in the object to be measured), then
Thereby obtaining a weak value
Because of weak coupling effect, beta<<1, thereforeIs a large magnification.
Secondly: a terahertz frequency domain transfer function model amplified by quantum weak values; the coupling strength of the terahertz wave and the measured object isWhere x=vt (0<x<L), v is the propagation velocity of terahertz waves in the object to be measured, and L is the thickness of the object to be measured. When the terahertz wave advances by an x part in the sample, the L-x part is not passed; is provided with->Is the variation per unit thickness in the sample, +.>Derived weak values
In which the photon momentumh is the Planck constant, λ is the terahertz wavelength, v is the terahertz frequency, and c is the propagation speed of the terahertz wave in vacuum.
For G 0 p 1 and beta 1
Its imaginary part
The terahertz polarizer has a poor extinction coefficient compared with that of the near-infrared optical polarizer, resulting in a large error in selection after the terahertz quantum weak measurement, and therefore, the imaginary part of the frequency domain quantum weak measurement formula is preferable as the weak value amplification section. The change of the terahertz photon momentum p caused by the interaction is obtained by the method
Thereby obtaining a wavelength shift amount of
Here the center wavelength lambda 0 Corresponding photon momentumΔλ is the spectral width.
Therefore, the frequency shift of the terahertz spectrum is measured, and the tiny change beta of the polarization state of the terahertz wave after passing through the measured sample can be deduced from the formula, and the beta value is determined by the tiny to-be-measured of the measured sample.
In some embodiments, the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit 101 is connected between the transmitting end 102 and the detecting end 103 to form a basic terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, where the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit 101 specifically includes a femtosecond laser, delay control, photoconductive switch, antenna, electro-optic crystal, wollaston prism, balance detector, etc.;
the transmitting end 102 and the detecting end 103 are provided with a terahertz wave transmission axis a, and a terahertz half-wave plate 231, a first focusing lens 232 and a first polaroid 104 are arranged between the transmitting end 102 and the detecting end 103 along the axis a and are used for completing the pre-selection of terahertz quantum weak measurement; ,
wherein the half wave plate 231 is used to adjust the terahertz light intensity, and the first focusing lens 232 is used to focus the terahertz waves.
The second polarizer 105 is arranged along the axis a between the first polarizer 104 and the detection end 103; configured as a post-selection of terahertz quantum weak measurements.
A second focusing lens 233 is disposed on an axis a between the second polarizer 105 and the detection end 103, and is configured to focus the terahertz wave filtered out from the second polarizer, and make the terahertz wave enter the detection end 103, and the terahertz wave entering the detection end enters an electro-optical crystal, a wollaston prism and a balance detector in the basic terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, so that spectrum measurement is completed by using an electro-optical sampling technology;
the sample carrier 106 is arranged between the first polarizing plate 104 and the second polarizing plate 105 for carrying the sample 10 to be measured such that the terahertz wave is weakly coupled with the sample to be measured.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the sample to be measured is a chiral molecule, and X to be measured is an optical rotation b for detecting the chiral molecule, where a transmission mode is adopted for the terahertz wave and the sample to be measured;
the sample carrier 106 is a sample pool 1061, and the sample 10 to be measured is placed in the sample pool 1061;
the terahertz wave in the quantum front selected state enters one side of the sample pool 1061 and is filtered out from the other side; the sample to be detected in the sample cell is weakly coupled with the terahertz wave in the quantum front selected state;
referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the sample to be measured is a chiral molecule, the X to be measured is a refractive index c of the chiral molecule, and the terahertz wave and the sample to be measured act in a metal grating-refractive mode; the sample carrier 106 is a metal grating-plated prism 1062, in the metal grating-refraction mode, when the terahertz wave in the pre-selected state of the quantum is incident to the metal grating at any angle (determined by the position of the metal grating-plated prism and the structure of the metal grating), the tiny change of the refractive index of the sample to be measured can cause the polarization state change of the terahertz wave parallel to the metal grating, but the polarization state of the terahertz wave perpendicular to the metal grating is not affected, so that tiny change of the phase difference is generated between the terahertz wave and the metal grating, and the quantum weak coupling effect is completed;
the terahertz wave in the quantum pre-selection state is weakly coupled with the sample to be detected, and the post-selection state of the terahertz wave quantum filtered out from the second polaroid 105 is 3 pi/4-beta; beta is the polarization state change value of the terahertz wave caused by the action of the terahertz wave and the sample to be detected.
Therefore, the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement calculation unit 1011 measures the frequency shift amount of the terahertz spectrum, and the small change β of the polarization state of the terahertz wave after passing through the sample to be measured can be deduced from the above equations (1) to (8). In some embodiments, the X to be measured can be calculated by calibrating X to be measured;
in some embodiments, the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement computing unit 1011 is built in the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit 101; in some embodiments, terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement computing unit 1011 is connected in wired and/or wireless communication with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit 101.
In some embodiments, 0.01mg/ml to 0.10mg/ml of low-concentration glucose solution is respectively prepared by taking ultrapure water as a solvent, the concentration gradient is 0.01mg/ml, 60ul of each concentration solution is respectively dripped on a double-sided polished JGS1 quartz plate with the diameter of 12mm and the thickness of 1mm, and the solution is in a form of a biological film after natural air drying. Terahertz signal testing was performed using the above system, the results of which are shown in fig. 6. The red line part of the graph is a test curve combining the quantum weak measurement principle and the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology, and shows that as the concentration of a sample increases, the time-domain signal peak-to-peak ratio (the transmission time-domain signal peak-to-peak value of the test sample/the transmission time-domain signal peak-to-peak value of the reference sample) gradually decreases, because as the glucose molecules gradually increase, the absorption of terahertz waves gradually increases; thus, the technology can be demonstrated to have the capability of detecting low concentrations with high sensitivity. The blue line part of the graph is a test curve based on the traditional terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, the trend of the curve is almost unchanged along with the increase of the concentration of the sample, and the concentration range is beyond the detection limit of the traditional terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The result verifies the effectiveness and high sensitivity of the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement technology and system.
The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method is characterized by being applied to a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system, wherein the system comprises a first polaroid, a second polaroid, a terahertz time-domain spectrum unit, a transmitting end, a detecting end, a sample carrier and a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement calculation unit, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of pre-selecting, namely selecting a terahertz wave polarization state as a quantum pre-selecting state by a first polaroid;
then selecting a terahertz wave polarization state as a quantum post-selection state by using a second polaroid;
before measurement, the quantum post-selection state and the quantum pre-selection state are orthogonal to each other;
weak coupling and spectrum measurement, wherein terahertz waves are received by a detection end after weak coupling action of the terahertz waves and a sample to be detected on a sample carrier, and terahertz wave spectrums are measured by a terahertz time-domain spectrum unit;
constructing a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement model, and selecting a medium terahertz wave polarization state variation value after calculation;
the terahertz wave polarization state change value reflects a sample to be measured.
2. The method for weak measurement of terahertz spectrum quanta according to claim 1, wherein when the terahertz wave is weakly coupled with the sample to be measured, the quantum pre-selection state of the terahertz wave is 3 pi/4 with the X direction, the quantum post-selection state is 3 pi/4-beta with the X direction, and beta is the polarization state variation value of the terahertz wave in the post-selection.
3. The terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method according to claim 2, wherein the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement model:
wherein A is w Is quantum weak value, beta is terahertz wave polarization state change value, imA w Is A w Is the imaginary part of (2); g 0 The coupling strength of the terahertz wave and the sample to be tested is obtained; p is photon momentum of terahertz waves; δp is the variation of photon momentum of the terahertz wave; delta lambda is the wavelength shift amount of the terahertz wave; lambda (lambda) 0 Corresponding photon momentum p 0 Delta lambda is the spectral width.
4. The terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the terahertz wave and the sample to be measured are in a transmission mode or a metal grating-refraction mode in a weak coupling action mode.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the sample carrier is a sample cell and the sample to be measured is optically active when in the transmission mode.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the sample carrier is a prism coated with a metal grating when in a metal grating-refraction mode, and the refractive index of the sample to be measured is measured.
7. Terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system, characterized by comprising:
the first polaroid is used for pre-selection and is configured at the terahertz wave incidence end of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit so as to select the quantum pre-selection state of the terahertz wave;
the sample carrier is used for carrying a sample to be measured and is arranged between the first polaroid and the second polaroid, so that terahertz waves and the sample to be measured on the sample carrier are in weak coupling action during measurement;
the second polaroid is used for post-selection and is configured at the terahertz wave detection end of the terahertz time-domain spectrum unit so as to select the quantum post-selection state of the terahertz wave; before measurement, the quantum post-selection state and the quantum pre-selection state are orthogonal to each other;
a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit configured to emit, adjust, detect, spectrally measure terahertz waves;
and the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement calculation unit is configured to select a terahertz wave polarization state change value and a sample to be measured in the terahertz wave according to the terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement model and the terahertz wave spectrum calculation.
8. The terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system according to claim 7, further comprising;
a half-wave plate and a first focusing lens arranged between the terahertz wave incident end and the first polarizer to adjust the intensity of the incident terahertz wave for pre-selection;
and a second focusing lens disposed between the second polarizer and the terahertz wave detecting end to focus the terahertz wave for detection.
9. The terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system according to claim 7, wherein the sample carrier is a sample cell or a prism plated with a metal grating.
10. Use of a terahertz spectrum quantum weak measurement system according to any one of claims 7-9 in highly sensitive detection of chiral drugs.
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