CN117244071A - 一种Ph+ALL的联合用药组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体地涉及一种Ph+ALL的联合用药组合物及其应用。本发明公开了一种Ph+ALL的联合用药组合物,其特征在于其包含BCL‑2抑制剂药物、去甲基化药物与TKI药物。本发明技术方案拓展出Ph+ALL的无化疗治疗模式,不仅使患者获得快速和深度的缓解,同时未观察到不可接受的治疗相关毒性,而且大大提高了初治患者的生存质量,减少了治疗相关并发症,降低了对血制品的消耗,缩短了患者的住院时间,大大降低了医保支出。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体地涉及一种Ph+ALL的联合用药组合物及其应用。
背景技术
费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(Philadelphia chromosome positiveacute lymphoblastic leukaemia,Ph+ALL)是成人ALL最常见的类型,约占25%-30%,Ph+ALL呈现中老年发病趋势,在50岁以上的B-ALL患者中占比达到50%以上。根据分子生物学背景,Ph+ALL是一类预后差、高危的疾病亚型,传统化疗不仅效果不佳而且多药联合方案带来的治疗相关毒性强,导致长期生存甚至不足20%,异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneichaematopoietic stem cell transplant,Allo-HSCT)一直被认为是治愈该疾病的唯一办法。
Ph染色体由9号染色体长臂上C-ABL原癌基因易位至22号染色体长臂断裂点簇集区(Breakpoint cluster region,BCR)形成BCR-ABL融合基因,BCR-ABL融合基因编码的融合蛋白具有增强的酪氨酸激酶活性,造成细胞生长失控,促进了白血病的发生发展。自2000年以来,靶向BCR-ABL的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor,TKI)被引入Ph+ALL的整体治疗之后,Ph+ALL的治疗结局得到明显改观。Ph+ALL的治疗策略也从传统的多药联合的强化疗模式转变为以TKI为基石联合标准或者减低剂量化疗的模式。目前的治疗模式下Ph+ALL患者的完全缓解(Complete remission,CR)率可达90%-100%,5年总体生存(Overall survival,OS)也上升至45%-70%。尽管TKI联合化疗取得显著疗效,但频繁的复发和耐药仍然是临床治疗亟待解决的问题。美国MD安德森癌症中心数据显示,25%的患者在中位首次缓解15.9个月后出现形态学复发,75%的复发患者接受TKl+挽救性化疗,虽然84%的患者能够再次获得缓解,但1年OS仅为41%,2年OS小于20%,即使行Allo-HSCT也未改变生存结局,同时,TKI联合化疗还面临着治疗相关并发症发生风险高,老年患者的耐受性差等问题,而由于毒性导致治疗依从性差或反复停药也会使得疾病进展的风险增加,因此临床存在尚未满足之需求,需探索新的有效、治疗毒性低,甚至是完全无化疗的治疗策略,克服现有治疗局限,使更多的Ph+ALL患者在早期实现深度的分子学缓解,减少复发,甚至可以不再依赖Allo-HSCT而能够获得长期生存。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种Ph+ALL的联合用药组合物及应用,有效促进Ph+ALL的低毒且快速获得深度缓解的临床需求。
为此,本发明公开了一种Ph+ALL的联合用药组合物,其特征在于其包含BCL-2抑制剂药物、去甲基化药物与TKI药物。
本发明通过BCL-2抑制剂、去甲基化药物与TKI药物的三药联合方案通过药物之间的协同作用,使得Ph+AL患者尤其是初诊Ph+ALL患者获得早期、深度的分子学缓解。
在一些优选例中,所述Ph+ALL优选为初诊Ph+ALL。
在一些优选例中,所述BCL-2抑制剂药物为维奈托克、纳维托克、奥巴托克、S55746、APG-2575、ABT-737、AMG176、AZD5991或APG-1252,最优选为维奈托克(V);
在一些优选例中,所述去甲基化药物为阿扎胞苷或地西他滨,最优选为阿扎胞苷(A);
在一些优选例中,所述TKI药物优选为第二代TKI,第二代TKI为氟马替尼、达沙替尼、尼洛替尼、拉多替尼和博舒替尼,最优选为氟马替尼(F)。
在一些优选例中,所述联合用药物组合物为三种单独的制剂的组合,更选地,所述三种单独的制剂同时施用或依次施用。
在一些优选例中,所述维奈托克、阿扎胞苷和氟马替尼的质量比为:21~80:15~22:112~168。
在一优选例中,所述维奈托克、阿扎胞苷和氟马替尼均单独包装,维奈托克有21~79片(片剂100mg/片),阿扎胞苷有15~22支(针剂100mg/支),氟马替尼有56-84片(片剂200mg/片),以满足单疗程治疗用药。
第二方面,本发明提供如本发明所述的联合用药物组合物在制备治疗Ph+ALL的药物中的应用。
第三方面,本发明提供一种如本发明所述的联合用药物组合物在制备Ph+ALL细胞增殖抑制剂中的应用。
本文公开了一种治疗Ph+ALL疾病的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的联合用药物组合物。
本发明技术方案拓展出Ph+ALL的无化疗治疗模式,不仅使患者获得快速和深度的缓解,与其他历史治疗方案相比,本发明的三药联合方案的CR率(11/11,100%)和早期完全分子缓解率(CMR)(9/10,90%;CMR中位时间,21d)更高,同时,未观察到不可接受的治疗相关毒性,而且大大提高了初治患者的生存质量,减少了治疗相关并发症,降低了对血制品的消耗,缩短了患者的住院时间,大大降低了医保支出,未来Ph+ALL有望像急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)和慢性髓细胞白血病(CML)一样成为一个不再依赖移植去获取长期生存的一类预后良好的疾病,甚至是居家或日间门诊治疗即可。此外,截至目前为止,尚无应用VAF三药联合治疗Ph+ALL的报道。
附图说明
图1、维奈托克、阿扎胞苷、氟马替尼对SUPB15细胞的IC50情况示意图;
图2、SUPB15细胞对维奈托克、阿扎胞苷、氟马替尼的单药、联合应用对SUPB15细胞的抑制率的对比示意图;
图3、CompuSyn药物联用证明三药联合具有显著的协同作用示意图;
图4、本发明VAF方案治疗病例1的骨髓原始细胞、融合基因定量的结果示意图。
具体实施方式
缩略语、英文和关键术语定义列表
1、Ph,Philadelphia chromosome
2、ALL,Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
3、TKI,Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
4、CMR,Complete molecular response
5、OS,Overall survival
6、CR,Complete remission
7、MMR,Major molecular response
8、CCyR,Complete cytogenetic response
9、Allo-HSCT,Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant
10、BCR,Breakpoint cluster region
11、BCL-2,B-cell lymphoma-2
术语“BCL-2蛋白抑制剂”是指抑制抗凋亡BCL-2蛋白的抑制剂。BCL-2蛋白家族主要调控内源性细胞凋亡过程,即调控线粒体/细胞色素c介导的凋亡通路。目前共发现了27个BCL-2家族蛋白成员,根据其功能可以分成拮抗和促进细胞凋亡两类。拮抗细胞凋亡的蛋白共有6个,即BCL-XL、BCL-2、BCL-W、MCL-1、BCL-B和BFL-1,具有抑制凋亡通路作用。促进凋亡蛋白有两类,一类是线粒体损伤的最终执行者,即BAX和BAK。当这两者被激活时可以形成寡聚体而作用于线粒体外膜,线粒体外膜被破坏后,细胞色素c被释放从而激活caspases完成凋亡过程。BCL-2及其他拮抗凋亡蛋白通过直接结合BAX和BAK起抑制凋亡作用。另一类促进凋亡蛋白是BH3-only亚类,其中又分为激活子(包括BID、BIM,可直接活化BAX/BAK)以及敏感子(BAD、BIK、NOXA、HRK、PUMA和BMF等)。BH3-only蛋白也是BCL-2等拮抗凋亡蛋白的天然拮抗剂。BH3-only蛋白接受应激信号刺激后(如DNA损伤、氧化应激等),可以激活激活子,然后直接活化BAX/BAK,从而激活caspases级联凋亡反应,同时激活敏感子与抗凋亡蛋白竞争性结合。BCL-2蛋白抑制剂包括但不限于维奈托克(venetoclax)、纳维托克(navitoclax)、奥巴托克(obatoclax)、S55746、APG-2575、ABT-737、AMG176、AZD5991和APG-1252。
术语去甲基化药物在体内和体外均能通过抑制DNA甲基转移酶1(DNMT1)使抑癌基因恢复正常去甲基化状态,重新激活那些由于DNA过度甲基化而失活的基因,使细胞恢复正常终末分化、衰老或凋亡;代表药物为阿扎胞苷与地西他滨。
术语“酪氨酸激酶抑制剂”(Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor,TKI)可以选择性地阻断ATP与BCR-ABL激酶结合位点,有效地抑制BCR-ABL激酶底物中酪氨酸残基的磷酸化,使该酶失活,进而阻止了一系列的信号传导,引起BCR-ABL阳性的细胞凋亡。根据TKI与BCR-ABL蛋白结合位点的不同,可以分为3个类型的抑制剂。博舒替尼和达沙替尼通过使用“DFG-in”构象结合于BCR-ABL的ATP位点,属于I型抑制剂;伊马替尼、尼洛替尼、氟马替尼和泊那替尼通过使用“DFG-out”构象结合于BCR-ABL的ATP位点,以防止底物磷酸化,属于II型抑制剂;GNF-2和asciminib通过与BCR-ABL的肉豆蔻酰口袋结合,变构抑制酪氨酸激酶活性,属于Ⅳ型抑制剂,也叫做变构抑制剂。
当应用于动物、人、实验受试者、细胞、组织、器官或生物流体时,本文的术语“施用(administration)”、“施用(administering)”、“治疗(treating)”和“治疗(treatment)”是指外源药物、治疗剂、诊断剂或组合物与动物、人、受试者、细胞、组织、器官或生物流体的接触。细胞的处理包括试剂与细胞的接触,以及试剂与流体的接触,其中流体与细胞接触。术语“施用”和“治疗”还意指体外和离体处理,例如,通过试剂、诊断剂、结合化合物或通过另一种细胞对细胞进行处理。本文的术语“受试者”包括任何生物体,优选动物,更优选哺乳动物(例如大鼠、小鼠、狗、猫、兔),最优选人。
术语“有效量”或“治疗有效量”是指当施用于受试者用于治疗疾病或者疾病或病症的至少一种临床症状时足以影响对疾病、病症或症状的此类治疗的活性成分如化合物的量。“治疗有效量”可随化合物、疾病、病症和/或疾病或病症的症状、疾病、病症和/或疾病或病症的症状的严重程度、待治疗的受试者的年龄和/或待治疗的受试者的体重而变化。在任何给定情况下的适当量对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的或者可以通过常规实验来确定。在一些实施方案中,“治疗有效量”是本文公开的至少一种化合物和/或其至少一种立体异构体和/或其至少一种药学上可接受的盐有效地如上所定义“治疗”受试者的疾病或病症的量。在联合治疗的情况下,“治疗有效量”是指用于有效治疗疾病、病症或疾患的联合对象的总量。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则百分比和份数按重量计算。
实施例1:
实验方法:
1、Ph+ALL细胞系的获得和培养。
SUPB15细胞系购买于北纳生物(BeNa Culture Collection,BNCC),细胞系在含10%胎牛血清和1%新霉素/青霉素/链霉素的RPMI-1640培养基中培养,在37℃,含5%CO2的培养箱中培养。
2、药物来源
维奈托克、阿扎胞苷、氟马替尼购买于Selleck Chemicals公司
3、CCK-8细胞毒性实验检测维奈托克、阿扎胞苷、氟马替尼在Ph+ALL细胞系中的IC50值。
SUPB15细胞加入96孔板,然后用不同浓度的维奈托克、阿扎胞苷、氟马替尼处理细胞48h。另用不含细胞的完全培养基作为空白对照。在测试点,每个孔中分别添加10μl的CCK-8然后在37℃、5% CO2下培养近5h,然后使用ELx800全自动酶标仪(BioTekInstrument,USA)在450nm波长下检测OD(光密度)。
4、CompuSyn药物联用
通过CompuSyn平台,根据IC50值用不同的浓度的维奈托克、阿扎胞苷和氟马替尼单药或联合处理SUPB15细胞,药物组合作用48h后,通过CCK-8细胞毒性实验考察各个药物组合对SUPB15细胞的作用情况,通过该平台计算其不同组合下的药物协同指数(CombinationIndex,CI)。
实验结果
1、维奈托克、阿扎胞苷、氟马替尼对SUPB15细胞的IC50情况
如图1所示,维奈托克、阿扎胞苷、氟马替尼对SUPB15细胞的IC50分别是:8.306±1.06nM,2.178±0.1786uM,668.1±132nM(三次独立重复实验,IC50用Mean±SD表示)。
2、CompuSyn药物联用证明维奈托克、阿扎胞苷、氟马替尼联用具有显著的协同作用。
通过CompuSyn平台,对SUPB15细胞的维奈托克、阿扎胞苷、氟马替尼的药物协同作用进行考察,发现三药之间具有显著协同作用。
如图2所示,三药单药对SUPB15细胞的抑制率不到50%,而三药联合后抑制率可达80%以上。
如图3所示,CI-Fa曲线证明,三药之间的CI均小于1,具有显著的协同作用。
实施例2:
前期11例初诊的成人Ph+ALL患者应用本发明的三药联合方案进行了治疗,患者的中位年龄为41(19-59)岁,所有患者ECOG评分均≤3分。在这些患者中,6例患者的BCR-ABL融合基因转录本类型为p190型,5例患者为p210型。所有患者初诊时均无ABL1激酶结构域突变。在可完整评估的4例患者中,有2例患者存在预后不良的附加异常:IKZF1缺失。
三药联合的无化疗方案-简称VAF
维奈托克100-400mg,第1-21天,每日一次,口服;
阿扎胞苷50-75mg/m2,第1-7天;每日一次,皮下注射;
氟马替尼400-600mg,第4天起,每日一次,口服;
在一个疗程的诱导治疗后,所有11例患者均达到完全缓解,有分子反应(完全分子学反应(CMR)和主要分子学反应(MMR))的患者为10例,其中8例患者达到CMR,2例获得MMR,另外一例患者仅获得完全遗传学反应(CCyR),这例患者具有IKZF1缺失异常。在第2周期的三药联合方案治疗后,一周期仅获得MMR的2例患者进一步获得了CMR。而合并有IKZF1附加异常的仅获得CCyR的患者的融合基因定量也有进一步的下降。在第二周期治疗中,有1例患者因重症新型冠状病毒感染发生脱落。从诱导开始到获得CMR的中位时间为21天(范围为14-70天)。该新发明方案总体耐受性良好,诱导治疗阶段无治疗相关死亡发生,报告的最常见的血液学不良事件是发热性中性粒细胞减少症(1-2级,11例中有3例[27.3%])。中性粒细胞减少症和血小板减少症的中位恢复时间分别为11天和5天。红细胞和血小板输注的中位数为5U和15U。非血液学毒性是轻度、可控的,主要包括胃肠道反应,肝酶异常以及疲劳等。第一周期和第二周期的平均住院时间分别为22天和7天。所有患者都在日间病房接受第二周期治疗。中位随访6个月,中位生存期尚未达到,6个月OS为100%,在所有11例患者中,无一例发生复发,预计6个月无复发生存率为100%。在本研究中,与其他历史治疗方案相比,本发明的三药联合方案的CR率(11/11,100%)和早期CMR率(9/10,90%;CMR中位时间,21d)更高,同时,未观察到不可接受的治疗相关毒性。
实施例3:
临床典型病例简介:
55岁男性患者,否认既往慢性病史、家族遗传史、传染病史。2022-11-26日凌晨无明显诱因下出现肋骨胀痛,至我院门诊就诊,查血常规示白细胞2.36×109/L,血红蛋白80g/L,血小板17×109/L。骨髓形态:ALL可能;白免:72.9%幼稚细胞,B淋系伴髓系表达,靶向转录组测序:BCR-ABL(ela2)P190+;BCR-ABL FISH 87%+;核型正常;NGS:I类阴性,胚系可能(ARID1A\ARID5B\TYK2),BCR-ABL(ela2)定量:97.2%;基因芯片:IKZF1缺失,3号染色体碎裂化。明确诊断为预后较差的Ph+ALL。
查体:神志清,精神可,贫血貌,全身浅表淋巴结无肿大,口腔见两处粘膜溃疡,胸骨压痛,肺部听诊呼吸音清,未及啰音,心律齐,未及病理性杂音。腹软,无压痛反跳痛,肝脾肋下未及,双下肢无水肿。
治疗:2022-12-02起行VAF方案治疗。
疗效评估:诱导第14d,12-15骨穿:骨髓形态缓解中,MRD:1.3*10-3,BCR-ABL FISH阴性,BCR-ABL融合基因定量阴性(图4)。提示患者获得完全分子学缓解(CMR)。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改,这并不影响本发明的实质。
Claims (10)
1.一种Ph+ALL的联合用药组合物,其特征在于,其包含BCL-2抑制剂药物、去甲基化药物与TKI药物。
2.如权利要求1所述的联合用药组合物,其特征在于,所述BCL-2抑制剂药物为维奈托克、纳维托克、奥巴托克、S55746、APG-2575、ABT-737、AMG176、AZD5991或APG-1252。
3.如权利要求1所述的联合用药组合物,其特征在于,所述BCL-2抑制剂药物为维奈托克。
4.如权利要求1所述的联合用药组合物,其特征在于,所述去甲基化药物为阿扎胞苷或地西他滨。
5.如权利要求1所述的联合用药组合物,其特征在于,所述TKI药物为第二代TKI。
6.如权利要求5所述的联合用药组合物,其特征在于,所述第二代TKI为氟马替尼、达沙替尼、尼洛替尼、拉多替尼和博舒替尼。
7.如权利要求1所述的联合用药组合物,其特征在于,所述第二代TKI为氟马替尼。
8.如权利要求1所述的联合用药组合物,其特征在于,所述联合用药物组合物为三种单独的制剂的组合。
9.权利要求1所述联合用药物组合物在制备治疗Ph+ALL的药物中的应用。
10.权利要求1所述联合用药物组合物在制备Ph+ALL细胞增殖抑制剂中的应用。
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