CN117231116A - Drilling machine and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a drilling machine and a construction method thereof, which belong to the technical field of drilling machines and comprise a chassis assembly and a mast connected to the chassis assembly, wherein the bottom of the mast is provided with a foundation for supporting the mast, the middle part of the mast is provided with a power head, the power head comprises a hydraulic motor and a gear-shifting speed reducer connected with the hydraulic motor, the gear-shifting speed reducer is used for connecting different drilling tools and outputting torque and rotating speed matched with the adopted process to the drilling tools, the corresponding drilling tools are replaced according to the characteristics of stratum and construction requirements, and the drilling construction is carried out in the same hole by adopting various drilling tool combinations and construction processes. According to the invention, different drilling tool combinations and construction processes can be adopted in the same hole, so that multiple functions can be realized by using the same drilling machine, multiple-process drilling is realized, the drilling efficiency is improved, the capability of drilling in complex stratum is enhanced, the design of drilling depth can be completed efficiently and at low cost, and the geological coring requirement is met.

Description

Drilling machine and construction method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of drilling machines, in particular to a drilling machine and a construction method thereof.

Background

The core drilling construction generally requires all Kong Quxin or all Kong Quxin below the covering layer, the drilling process method takes rope coring as a main component, when a core drill is adopted to drill holes in the core drill and drill holes in the core drill to drill clay layers, quicksand layers, sediment layers or partial loose broken strata in the fourth system covering layer, the rope coring or the lifting drill is adopted to drill the core drill, the construction is difficult, especially when the core drill is adopted to drill the quicksand layers or the loose broken strata, when the core drill is used to drill to a certain hole depth, the just-completed drill hole is loose and collapsed due to the hole wall, and the common slurry cannot protect the wall at all; in addition, when rope coring is adopted sometimes, drilling is not normally performed due to the phenomenon of drill clamping and drilling burying caused by loose collapse of the hole wall, and some drilling accidents can also occur.

Therefore, in the current small-caliber core drilling process, the coverage layer of the fourth-line stratum of a part of areas is thick, the clay layer, the quicksand layer, the sediment layer or part of loose broken stratum are difficult to drill, the conventional core drilling mode is difficult to carry out, drilling accidents such as drilling sticking and drilling burying often occur in the conventional drilling mode, the construction efficiency is low, the construction cost is high, and even the construction efficiency and the cost are difficult to continuously drill; in addition, geologists in partial areas only need to obtain cores with specific depths, if a special core drilling machine is adopted, the cores are required to be taken out no matter the cores are required, and aiming at the stratum without core taking, the traditional core drilling machine cannot realize the process, and has lower drilling capability on complex stratum.

Therefore, how to design the drilling depth efficiently and at low cost and meet the geological coring requirements is a direction which cannot be realized by the prior drilling machine and needs improvement.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a drilling machine and a construction method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, and the output torque and the rotating speed of a power head are adjusted by arranging a gear-shifting speed reducer so as to adapt to different stratum characteristics and construction requirements, different drilling tool combinations and construction processes can be adopted in the same hole, and then the same drilling machine can be used for realizing multiple functions, realizing multi-process drilling, improving the drilling efficiency, enhancing the drilling capability in complex stratum, completing the design of drilling depth with high efficiency and low cost and meeting the geological coring requirements.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

the invention provides a drilling machine, which comprises a chassis assembly and a mast connected to the chassis assembly, wherein the bottom of the mast is provided with a foundation for supporting the mast, the middle part of the mast is provided with a power head, the power head comprises a hydraulic motor and a gear-shifting speed reducer connected with the hydraulic motor, the gear-shifting speed reducer is used for connecting different drilling tools and outputting torque and rotating speed matched with the adopted process to the drilling tools, the corresponding drilling tools are replaced according to stratum characteristics and construction requirements, and drilling construction is carried out in the same hole by adopting various drilling tool combinations and construction processes.

Preferably, the output end of the gear-shifting speed reducer is connected with an input gear of a first-stage gear box, the output gear of the first-stage gear box is connected with an outer spindle, an inner spindle is sleeved in the outer spindle, the outer spindle is axially and slidably connected with the inner spindle through a spline, and the inner spindle is connected with the drilling tool.

Preferably, the power head is hinged on the mast, a fixed end of a head lifting oil cylinder is hinged on the mast, a movable end of the head lifting oil cylinder is hinged on the power head, and the power head is driven to pitch and adjust through expansion and contraction of the head lifting oil cylinder.

Preferably, the mast comprises an outer mast and an inner mast which is connected with the outer mast in a sliding manner, the inner mast is connected with the outer mast through a feeding oil cylinder, the power head is arranged on the inner mast, and a tower lifting oil cylinder is connected between the outer mast and the chassis assembly.

Preferably, the top ends of the feet are hinged on the mast, and the bottom ends of the feet are provided with supporting surfaces which contact the ground.

Preferably, the power head is installed on the upper bracket, the lower bracket is installed on the mast, the turnover oil cylinder is installed between the upper bracket and the lower bracket, the power head is driven to deviate from the orifice assembly through the turnover oil cylinder, and the rope coring winch and the main winch are arranged on the chassis assembly.

Preferably, the orifice assembly comprises a fixed part and a moving part which is connected with the fixed part in a sliding way, a translation oil cylinder is connected between the fixed part and the moving part, the moving part is driven to move towards or away from the fixed part through the translation oil cylinder, the size of the orifice assembly is regulated, and an orifice clamp holder or a cushion fork is installed on the orifice assembly according to requirements.

Preferably, the drilling tool comprises an interconnected thick-walled drill pipe and roller cone/PDC bit, an interconnected tethered drill pipe and tethered coring tool assembly, and an air box, a double-walled drill pipe, and an air down-the-hole hammer connected in sequence.

The invention also provides a construction method applying the drilling machine, which comprises the following steps:

leveling the chassis assembly, and adjusting the mast to an inclined or vertical state according to the drilling type requirement;

according to stratum characteristics and construction requirements, replacing a corresponding drilling tool, and outputting torque and rotating speed matched with those of the adopted process to the drilling tool;

and (3) adopting a drilling machine to carry out water well drilling, reverse circulation drilling and core drilling construction independently, or adopting a plurality of drilling tool combinations and construction processes to carry out combined construction according to geological design requirements.

Preferably, when full-hole coring drilling is required, the power head outputs high rotation speed and low torque, so as to meet the requirements of a rope coring drilling process;

when the core of the covering layer or part of the layers is difficult or is not needed, a slurry positive circulation full drilling mode is adopted, a power head outputs high torque and low rotation speed, rapidly passes through the covering layer or is not needed to be cored, and a rope core drilling process is replaced for a target layer to obtain a target layer core;

aiming at serious leakage of partial stratum or extremely hard stratum, when the drilling is not possible due to the positive circulation of slurry without coring, an air box is arranged at the lower part of the power head, the power head outputs low rotation speed and large torque, and the power head drills to the depth of a designed hole.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

aiming at the current small-caliber geological core drilling when drilling is thick in a fourth-series overburden layer, especially when drilling is in a thicker clay layer, a quicksand layer, a muddy sand layer or a loose broken stratum, the conventional core drilling cannot meet the construction requirement, in addition, for the stratum which has been explored or the geological analysis research stratum is not influenced, geological personnel often also need not to drill quickly, but the conventional core drilling machine is often selected for construction when the drilling is constructed, the torque and lifting force are smaller, and only the small-caliber rope or the core drilling process can be adapted.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the mast vertical structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mast tilt status structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mast horizontal stage structure of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the mast vertically elongated structure of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power head according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of a power head of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged top view of an orifice of the orifice assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a reduced top view of an orifice assembly orifice of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a full drilling construction of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a rope coring drilling construction of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the reverse circulation drilling construction of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a left limit gear of the shiftable transmission of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a right limit gear of the shiftable transmission of the present invention;

wherein, 1, an inner mast; 2. an outer mast; 3. a sliding oil cylinder; 4. a tower lifting oil cylinder; 5. a main winch; 6. rope coring winch; 7. a chassis assembly; 8. a power head; 81. a hydraulic motor; 82. a shiftable reducer; 821. a first stage sun gear; 822. a first stage planetary gear; 823. a second stage sun gear; 824. a second stage planetary gear; 825. a gear shifting gear ring; 826. a housing; 827. a second stage carrier; 83. a first stage gearbox; 84. a water tap; 85. an outer spindle; 86. an inner main shaft; 9. a head-up oil cylinder; 10. an orifice assembly; 101. a fixing part; 102. a moving part; 103. a translation cylinder; 104. a fork; 11. a foot margin; 12. a turnover oil cylinder; 13. thick-wall drill pipe; 14. cone/PDC bits; 15. rope drill rod; 16. an orifice holder; 17. rope coring drilling tool assembly; 18. a gas box; 19. a double-wall drill pipe; 20. an air down-the-hole hammer.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The invention aims to provide a drilling machine and a construction method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, and the output torque and the rotating speed of a power head are adjusted by arranging a gear-shifting speed reducer so as to adapt to different stratum characteristics and construction requirements, different drilling tool combinations and construction processes can be adopted in the same hole, and then the same drilling machine can be used for realizing multiple functions, realizing multi-process drilling, improving the drilling efficiency, enhancing the drilling capability of complex stratum, and completing the design of drilling depth with high efficiency and low cost and meeting the geological coring requirements.

In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.

As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the invention provides a drilling machine, which comprises a chassis assembly 7 and a mast connected to the chassis assembly 7, wherein the bottom of the chassis assembly 7 is provided with a crawler belt or a traveling device such as wheels and the like, so that the drilling machine can conveniently move to a construction site, and the upper part of the chassis assembly 7 is used for bearing and installing auxiliary equipment. The mast is used primarily to carry the drill string, drill bit and associated stationary tools while providing support and guidance for the rotational movement of the drill string and drill bit. The mast is connected to the chassis assembly 7, and can be fixedly installed or hinged, and can be horizontally stored during hinged installation, so that the overall height is reduced, and the movement is facilitated. The bottom of the mast is provided with a foot 11 for supporting the mast, which foot 11 can be used for supporting the mast when the mast is arranged vertically or obliquely. The middle part of the mast is provided with a power head 8, the power head 8 comprises a hydraulic motor 81 and a gear-shifting speed reducer 82 connected with the hydraulic motor 81, the power of drilling of the drilling tool is provided through the hydraulic motor 81, and the rotating speed and the torque of the drilling tool are adjusted through the gear-shifting speed reducer 82. The shiftable reducer 82 is used to connect different tools and output torque and rotational speed to the tools that match the process used. According to stratum characteristics and construction requirements, corresponding drilling tools are replaced, and drilling construction can be carried out in the same hole by adopting a plurality of drilling tool combinations and construction processes.

In the conventional exploration at present, geology personnel often require coring at a target layer, and by adopting the drilling machine equipment, the geological personnel can drill to the target layer by adopting a comprehensive drilling or air drilling mode at a non-coring stratum, and the construction efficiency can be greatly improved, the construction cost can be reduced, and the labor intensity of workers can be lightened by adopting a coring drilling process. In addition, in partial loose stratum and hard rock stratum, large-caliber slurry positive circulation full drilling or matched air reverse circulation, positive circulation down-the-hole hammer or cone drilling technology can be adopted, the drilling efficiency can be greatly improved, and the probability of accidents in construction can be reduced. Therefore, by applying the drilling machine provided by the invention, the drilling technical problems that the covering layer is thick, holes are difficult to form or the quality of the holes is poor, drilling accidents are easy to occur and the like can be solved.

In summary, the gear shifting speed reducer 82 is arranged to adjust the output torque and the rotation speed of the power head 8 so as to adapt to different stratum characteristics and construction requirements, different drilling tool combinations and construction processes can be adopted in the same hole, multiple functions can be realized by using the same drilling machine, multiple-process drilling is realized, the drilling efficiency is improved, the drilling capability in complex stratum is enhanced, the design of drilling depth can be finished efficiently and at low cost, and the geological coring requirement is met.

The gear-shifting speed reducer 82 can adopt a cylindrical gear speed reducer, a conical gear speed reducer, a worm speed reducer or a planetary gear speed reducer and other structural forms, and can change different speed reduction ratios according to the use requirements so as to realize the adjustment of the rotating speed and the torque. The power head 8 can meet the requirements of different drilling processes by switching different output rotating speeds and torques through the gear-shifting speed reducer 82.

As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the shiftable transmission 82 may employ a planetary transmission having two gears of a left limit and a right limit. The planetary reducer includes a first-stage sun gear 821, a first-stage planetary gear 822 meshed with the first-stage sun gear 821, a second-stage sun gear 823, and a second-stage planetary gear 824 meshed with the second-stage sun gear 823, and further includes a shift ring gear 825 and a housing 826. The first stage sun gear 821 is connected with an input shaft, the first stage planetary gear 822 is connected with a first stage planetary carrier, the second stage planetary gear 824 is connected with a second stage planetary carrier 827, and the second stage planetary carrier 827 is connected with an output shaft. The shift ring 825 has a plurality of rows of involute teeth machined on the inner side and a plurality of rows of external splines machined on the outer side. Multiple rows of internal splines are machined into the inner side of the housing 826. Involute external teeth are machined on the outer cylindrical surface of the second-stage planet carrier 827. The shift ring 825 has internal teeth that mesh with the respective planetary gears at all times, and is slidable axially along the external teeth (slidable left and right as viewed in fig. 12 and 13). The planetary reducer axially moves through the gear shifting gear ring 825 to realize a gear shifting function, specifically, as shown in fig. 12, when the gear shifting gear ring 825 is in a left limit position, an external spline is matched with an internal spline of the shell 826, the shell 826 limits the rotation of the gear shifting gear ring 825, the gear shifting gear ring 825 is out of contact with external teeth of the second-stage planet carrier 827 and can relatively rotate, and the planetary reducer realizes a second-stage planetary transmission function; as shown in fig. 13, when the gear shifting gear ring 825 is in the right extreme position, the external spline is separated from the internal spline of the housing 826, the two parts can rotate relative to the housing 826, the gear shifting gear ring 825 is meshed with the external tooth of the second-stage planet carrier 827, the two parts do not rotate relatively, and the planetary reducer realizes a 1:1 transmission function. The planetary reducer can realize high-low speed quick switching, can effectively reduce the design size of the power head 8, avoids designing a multi-stage gear shifting structure, and can reduce the overall dimension.

Furthermore, when the planetary reducer is applied, according to the construction process condition, when the mechanical core drilling process is adopted, the planetary reducer is hung to a high-speed gear, and the corresponding core drilling tool is matched, so that the rope core drilling tool can be realized. If the large-caliber hole is drilled or the reverse circulation drilling is needed, the planetary reducer is hung to a low gear, and the large-caliber slurry forward circulation or the air reverse circulation drilling can be carried out according to the large-caliber or air reverse circulation drilling process and the corresponding drilling tool. By controlling the planetary reducer, the power head 8 is made to output torque and rotation speed matched with the process adopted, for example: the maximum rotation speed required by rope coring is about 1000rpm, the maximum torque is 5000Nd 5M, the maximum rotation speed required by air drilling and large-caliber slurry forward circulation drilling is about 100rpm, and the torque is 10000-15000N M.

As shown in fig. 5, the output end of the gear-shiftable speed reducer 82 is connected with an input gear of the first-stage gear box 83, the output gear of the first-stage gear box 83 is connected with an outer spindle 85, an inner spindle 86 is sleeved in the outer spindle 85, the outer spindle 85 and the inner spindle 86 are axially and slidably connected through a spline, one end of the inner spindle 86 is connected with a drilling tool, and the other end is connected with a faucet 84. Through the arrangement of the structure, the outer spindle 85 rotates synchronously with the inner spindle 86 through the spline, and can realize axial sliding; the concentricity during rotation can be effectively increased, the torque transmission effect is enhanced, the whole drilling tool can freely move up and down along with the inner main shaft 86 when the drilling tool is in the process of shackle, the drilling tool is floated, the drilling tool or joint thread can be effectively protected, and the service life of a drilling rod, the drilling tool or a joint is prolonged. In addition, when the floating structure is adopted for drilling by using the down-the-hole hammer, the damage to the drilling tool caused by vibration generated during the operation of the down-the-hole hammer can be effectively reduced or reduced.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the power head 8 is hinged on the mast, the fixed end of the head lifting oil cylinder 9 is hinged on the mast, the movable end of the head lifting oil cylinder 9 is hinged with the power head 8, and it is noted that the hinge point of the power head 8 and the mast and the hinge point of the head lifting oil cylinder 9 and the power head 8 have intervals, and when the head lifting oil cylinder 9 stretches and contracts, the power head 8 can be driven to pitch and adjust. The pitching adjustment of the power head 8 can facilitate the connection of the drill rod.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the mast comprises an outer mast 2 and an inner mast 1 which is connected with the outer mast 2 in a sliding manner, the inner mast 1 is connected with the outer mast 2 through a feeding oil cylinder, a power head 8 is arranged on the inner mast 1, and a tower lifting oil cylinder 4 is connected between the outer mast 2 and a chassis assembly 7. Through the extension and contraction of the tower lifting oil cylinder 4, the outer mast 2 and the inner mast 1 can be pushed to be in a vertical state or an inclined state, a sliding oil cylinder 3 is further arranged between the outer mast 2 and the chassis assembly 7, the extension and contraction length of the outer mast 2 relative to the chassis assembly 7 can be driven through the sliding oil cylinder 3, and when the masts are at different inclined angles, the ground can be contacted with the ground to ensure that the foundation 11 can be used for machining straight holes or inclined holes according to requirements.

Further, the top of the foundation 11 is hinged to the mast, the bottom of the foundation 11 is provided with a supporting surface for contacting the ground, and when the angle of the mast is changed, the contact angle between the foundation 11 and the ground is changed due to the hinged connection of the foundation 11 and the mast, but the supporting surface can be always kept in contact with the ground, so that the masts in different states are effectively supported by the foundation 11.

Referring to fig. 6, the power head 8 is mounted on the upper bracket, the lower bracket is mounted on the mast, and the turnover cylinder 12 is mounted between the upper bracket and the lower bracket, and the power head 8 is driven to deviate from the orifice assembly 10 by the turnover cylinder 12. The chassis assembly 7 is provided with the rope coring winch 6 and the main winch 5, the rope coring winch 6 can conveniently perform coring, and the main winch 5 is mainly used for lifting and drilling when the rope coring drilling is performed or assisting in feeding the oil cylinder to lift and treat the in-hole accidents when the in-hole accidents occur. During concrete operation, when coring is performed, the power head 8 turns over through the turning oil cylinder 12 to leave the orifice of the orifice assembly 10, and the rope coring winch 6 lowers a steel wire rope to salvage the core; when the drill is lifted, the power head 8 turns over through the turning oil cylinder 12 to leave the orifice of the orifice assembly 10, the main winch 5 is rotationally connected with the lifter, a drill rod (drilling tool) in the hole is extracted, and when the drill is pulled down, the action of the main winch 5 is opposite to the drill lifting.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the orifice assembly 10 includes a fixed portion 101 and a moving portion 102 slidably connected to the fixed portion 101, wherein an arcuate opening is provided on one side of the fixed portion 101 and the moving portion 102 facing each other, and the two arcuate openings are combined to form an orifice. A translation cylinder 103 is connected between the fixed part 101 and the moving part 102, and the moving part 102 is driven to move towards or away from the fixed part 101 by the translation cylinder 103, so that the size of the orifice assembly 10 can be adjusted, and the orifice can be further adjusted.

When heavy-calibre is bored, the translation hydro-cylinder 103 on the accessible drill way adjusts the biggest size of passing through of drill way, guarantee that heavy-calibre drill bit passes through from the drill way, facilitate the construction, can prevent effectively that the drill bit from falling into the hole, reduce engineering risk, specifically, if the drill way is too little, during construction heavy-calibre drilling, the drill bit can't pass from the drill way, need put the drill bit in the drill way bottom, the drill rod passes the installation drill bit from the drill way, when carrying to bore or change the drill bit like this leads to the drill bit to drop into in the drilling, when the drill way is great, can install drilling rod and drill bit on drill way upper portion when installing the drill bit, directly in the drilling, the risk that the drill bit dropped in the hole when effectively avoiding changing the drill bit or installing the drill bit. The invention can be suitable for small-caliber core drilling, large-caliber comprehensive drilling or air forward circulation and reverse circulation drilling, and meets the design requirement of a multi-process drilling machine.

When the rope drills, the hole clamp 16 (shown in fig. 10) can be placed at the hole, and when the drilling is performed in large caliber or reverse circulation, the hole clamp 16 can be taken down and replaced by the cushion fork 104, so that the drill rod can be conveniently connected. The orifice grippers 16 are typically used when the drill mass is small and the backing forks 104 are typically used when the drill mass is large, and are all means for preventing the drill from falling into the hole and securing the orifice drill. The adjustable orifice assembly 10 can be used for installing the orifice clamp 16 and the cushion fork 104, so that the clamping and fixing of different drilling tools in the orifice can be satisfied.

The design of the drilling machine equipment abandons the design characteristics of the traditional drilling machine, namely, the core drilling machine is designed according to the design thought of the core drilling machine, the reverse circulation drilling machine is designed according to the design thought of the reverse circulation drilling machine, and the design of the large-caliber slurry forward circulation comprehensive drilling machine is designed according to the design thought of the reverse circulation drilling machine. The matching of the drilling tool can be properly reduced, the drilling tool can be independently matched according to the drilling process, part of repeated structural components can be mutually universal, the repeated waste of parts is reduced, the cost is reduced, the matching of the drilling tool is simplified, as shown in fig. 9-11, the drilling tool can comprise a thick-wall drilling rod 13 and a cone/PDC drilling bit 14 which are connected with each other, a rope drilling rod 15 and a rope coring drilling tool assembly 17 which are connected with each other, a gas box 18, a double-wall drilling rod 19 and an air down-the-hole hammer 20 which are connected with each other in sequence, and different drilling tool types are selected according to different working conditions.

As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the present invention also provides a construction method using the drilling machine as described above, comprising the following steps:

leveling the chassis assembly 7, and adjusting the mast to an inclined or vertical state according to the drilling type requirement;

according to stratum characteristics and construction requirements, replacing a corresponding drilling tool, and outputting torque and rotating speed matched with those of the adopted process to the drilling tool;

the drilling machine has larger-range adjusting parameters (mainly torque, rotating speed, lifting force and the like), can be used for realizing the functions of a water well drilling machine, a reverse circulation drilling machine and a core drilling machine, can be used for independently performing water well drilling, reverse circulation drilling and core drilling construction, can also be used for adopting the multi-process combined construction according to geological design requirements, reduces construction cost and realizes one machine with multiple purposes.

More specifically:

when full-hole coring drilling is needed, the gear-shifting speed reducer 82 is hung to a high-speed gear, and the power head 8 outputs high rotation speed and low torque, so that the rope coring drilling process requirement is met. The core drill rod and the core drilling tool are matched, and the slurry pump for core drilling is matched to perform construction according to the related requirements of core drilling.

When the core of the covering layer or part of the layers is difficult or is not needed, geological staff agrees, and when the core is not needed, a slurry positive circulation full drilling mode can be adopted, and at the moment, the gear-shifting speed reducer 82 is hung to a low speed gear, so that the power head 8 outputs large torque and low rotation speed, a complete drilling tool and a slurry pump are matched, the covering layer is penetrated quickly or the core layer is not needed, and a rope core drilling process is replaced for a target layer to obtain the core of the target layer.

Aiming at serious leakage of partial stratum or extremely hard stratum, when the drilling is not carried out by adopting positive circulation of slurry, an air box 18 can be arranged at the lower part of the power head 8, the gear-shifting speed reducer 82 is hung to a low-speed gear, the power head 8 outputs low rotation speed and large torque, an air compressor and a reverse circulation double-wall drilling tool are matched, and the drilling is carried out by adopting an air reverse circulation roller cone or a down-the-hole hammer to the depth of a designed hole.

The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A drilling machine, characterized in that: the drilling machine comprises a chassis assembly and a mast connected to the chassis assembly, wherein the bottom of the mast is provided with a foundation for supporting the mast, the middle part of the mast is provided with a power head, the power head comprises a hydraulic motor and a gear-shifting speed reducer connected with the hydraulic motor, the gear-shifting speed reducer is used for connecting different drilling tools and outputting torque and rotating speed matched with the drilling tools by adopting a process, the corresponding drilling tools are replaced according to stratum characteristics and construction requirements, and drilling construction is carried out in the same hole by adopting various drilling tool combinations and construction processes.

2. The drilling machine of claim 1, wherein: the output end of the gear-shifting speed reducer is connected with an input gear of the primary gear box, the output gear of the primary gear box is connected with an outer spindle, an inner spindle is sleeved in the outer spindle, the outer spindle is axially and slidably connected with the inner spindle through a spline, and the inner spindle is connected with the drilling tool.

3. The drilling machine of claim 1, wherein: the power head is hinged to the mast, a fixed end of a head lifting oil cylinder is hinged to the mast, a movable end of the head lifting oil cylinder is hinged to the power head, and the power head is driven to pitch and adjust through expansion and contraction of the head lifting oil cylinder.

4. The drilling machine of claim 1, wherein: the mast comprises an outer mast and an inner mast which is connected with the outer mast in a sliding manner, the inner mast is connected with the outer mast through an oil feeding cylinder, the power head is arranged on the inner mast, and a tower lifting oil cylinder is connected between the outer mast and the chassis assembly.

5. The drilling machine of claim 4, wherein: the top of the lower margin is hinged on the mast, and the bottom of the lower margin is provided with a supporting surface which contacts the ground.

6. The drilling machine of claim 1, wherein: the device comprises an upper layer bracket, a lower layer bracket and a turnover oil cylinder, wherein the power head is arranged on the upper layer bracket, the lower layer bracket is arranged on the mast, the turnover oil cylinder is arranged between the upper bracket and the lower bracket, the power head is driven to deviate from an orifice assembly through the turnover oil cylinder, and a rope coring winch and a main winch are arranged on the chassis assembly.

7. The drilling machine of claim 6, wherein: the orifice assembly comprises a fixed part and a moving part which is connected with the fixed part in a sliding way, a translation oil cylinder is connected between the fixed part and the moving part, the moving part is driven to move towards or away from the fixed part through the translation oil cylinder, the size of the orifice assembly is regulated, and an orifice clamp holder or a cushion fork is installed on the orifice assembly according to requirements.

8. The drilling machine of claim 1, wherein: the drilling tool comprises a thick-wall drilling rod and a roller cone/PDC drill bit which are connected with each other, a rope drilling rod and a rope coring drilling tool assembly which are connected with each other, and an air box, a double-wall drilling rod and an air down-the-hole hammer which are connected with each other in sequence.

9. A construction method using the drilling machine according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized by comprising the following:

leveling the chassis assembly, and adjusting the mast to an inclined or vertical state according to the drilling type requirement;

according to stratum characteristics and construction requirements, replacing a corresponding drilling tool, and outputting torque and rotating speed matched with those of the adopted process to the drilling tool;

and (3) adopting a drilling machine to carry out water well drilling, reverse circulation drilling and core drilling construction independently, or adopting a plurality of drilling tool combinations and construction processes to carry out combined construction according to geological design requirements.

10. The construction method according to claim 9, wherein:

when full-hole coring drilling is needed, the power head outputs high rotation speed and low torque, so that the requirements of a rope coring drilling process are met;

when the core of the covering layer or part of the layers is difficult or is not needed, a slurry positive circulation full drilling mode is adopted, a power head outputs high torque and low rotation speed, rapidly passes through the covering layer or is not needed to be cored, and a rope core drilling process is replaced for a target layer to obtain a target layer core;

aiming at serious leakage of partial stratum or extremely hard stratum, when the drilling is not possible due to the positive circulation of slurry without coring, an air box is arranged at the lower part of the power head, the power head outputs low rotation speed and large torque, and the power head drills to the depth of a designed hole.