CN117226066A - High-density forming process and equipment for high-quality complex aluminum alloy castings - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-density molding process of a high-quality complex aluminum alloy casting, which comprises the steps of firstly, lowering a movable slide block of a hydraulic press to enable an upper half mold to be attached to a combined wall arranged above a lower base plate, sleeving a connecting piece on a pin roll IV of a guide block and a pin roll III of a fixed block.

Description

High-density forming process and equipment for high-quality complex aluminum alloy castings

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of metal material processing, in particular to a high-density forming process and equipment for a high-quality complex aluminum alloy casting.

Background

At present, the aluminum alloy flywheel shell blank of the diesel engine is mainly formed by adopting pressure casting and low-pressure casting processes. The die casting production efficiency is high, the mechanized or automatic production can be realized, the aluminum alloy flywheel shell blank of the engine with the complex structure can be die-cast, and the casting has high dimensional accuracy, good surface quality and clear outline. However, the main function of the pressure casting pressure is to push the aluminum alloy liquid to fill the cavity at a high speed (0.5 m/s to 70 m/s), because the pouring gate is long and has a narrow opening, the mechanical pressure applied to the casting is lower when the casting is solidified before the casting is solidified, and because a large amount of gas is involved in the high-speed filling aluminum alloy liquid, the surface bubbles and other defects of the casting can occur at a high temperature, the casting can not be subjected to heat treatment generally, and the exertion of the mechanical properties of materials is limited; the low-pressure casting has the characteristics of low-speed mold filling and crystallization under pressure, and the cast has compact structure and higher mechanical property. However, for the flywheel shell blank of the diesel engine with a complex structure, a large number of risers and chill are needed for adjusting the solidification sequence and feeding, the single circulation time is longer, the manufacturing cost of castings is higher, particularly the casting heat joint of the side suspension part is larger, and the shrinkage cavity and the looseness of the part cannot be completely eliminated by adopting the risers.

Through retrieving, a heavy truck flywheel casing liquid extrusion casting mould as disclosed in chinese patent number CN 215315633U, includes mould, bed die, its characterized in that, go up mould and bed die cooperation and be connected, go up the mould and include ejector plate, movable mould frame, movable mould core, ejector pin, the movable mould frame lower extreme is provided with the movable mould core, the movable mould frame upper end is provided with the ejector plate, the ejector plate lower extreme is connected with the ejector pin, the bed die includes feed cylinder, quiet mould frame, quiet mould core, foundry goods, the feed cylinder sets up at quiet mould frame middle part, quiet mould core sets up at quiet mould frame upper end, the foundry goods sets up at quiet mould core upper end. According to the utility model, through reasonable arrangement between the upper die and the lower die, no gas is coiled in the casting process, the heat-insulating coating is not required to be sprayed in the production process through the arrangement of the water cooling pipe, and the single-room production time is reduced through the arrangement of the slag collecting bag, so that the production efficiency is improved.

However, in the heavy truck flywheel housing liquid extrusion casting mold, because the integral wall adopted by the mold cannot form the concave or convex part of the outer circle of the casting, shrinkage cavities and looseness at the casting hot joint far from the liquid storage chamber cannot be eliminated by adopting the traditional extrusion casting process.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide a high-density molding process and equipment for high-quality complex aluminum alloy castings, which are used for solving the problem that the existing die cannot eliminate shrinkage cavities and looseness at casting hot joints far from a liquid storage chamber.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions: a high-density molding process for high-quality complex aluminum alloy castings comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

preferably, in the first step, the movable slide block of the hydraulic press is lowered to enable the upper half mould to be attached to the combined wall placed above the lower base plate, and the connecting piece is sleeved on the pin roll IV of the guide block and the pin roll III of the fixed block;

preferably, in the second step, the movable slide block of the hydraulic press is lifted to a certain height by lifting the upper half mould, the fixed block, the lower module and the lower fixed plate connected with the upper half mould and the fixed block;

preferably, in the third step, the aluminum alloy liquid is poured into a liquid storage chamber formed by a liquid storage sleeve and a top plug, and oxide skin on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid is skimmed;

preferably, in the fourth step, the movable slide block of the hydraulic press is lowered, and the upper half mould and the lower half mould are pressed by the pressing force of the movable slide block;

preferably, in the fifth step, starting a hydraulic press ejection cylinder, filling the cavity with aluminum alloy liquid in the liquid storage chamber by using a ejection plug, and continuously applying higher mechanical pressure;

preferably, the sixth step, after maintaining the pressure for a certain time, starts the hydraulic press material returning cylinder, and utilizes the pressing force of the material returning rod to carry out localized pressure supplement on the side suspension part of the flywheel housing through the pressure supplementing rod;

preferably, the seventh step, after keeping the pressure for a certain time, simultaneously releasing the pressure, taking off the connecting piece, and sleeving the connecting piece on the pin shaft II of the lower fixing plate and the pin shaft I of the lower base plate;

preferably, in the eighth step, the upper slide block of the hydraulic machine is lifted to a specified position, a material returning cylinder of the hydraulic machine is started, and the casting is separated from the core through a material supplementing rod and a material beating rod.

The utility model also relates to high-density forming equipment for the high-quality complex aluminum alloy castings, which comprises an upper half mould and a lower half mould, wherein an upper connecting plate of the upper half mould is fixed below a movable sliding block of a hydraulic machine through bolts, the upper connecting plate is fixedly connected with a guide block and a core through inner hexagon screws, an upper fixing plate, a material returning plate, a belleville spring, a pressure compensating rod and a material beating rod are arranged in an upper cavity of the guide block, the material beating rod is positioned in a round hole of the material returning plate and is compressed through the upper fixing plate, a pin roll IV is arranged at the outer side of the guide block, a combined wall is clamped on each of four guide grooves of the guide block, a shunt cone is fixed in a central hole of the core through a shoulder pressing plate, the fixing block, the lower half mould, the lower die and the lower fixing plate are fixedly connected through inner hexagon screws and are arranged above a lower base plate, the lower base plate is fixedly connected with the lower connecting plate through inner hexagon screws, the lower connecting plate is fixed above a hydraulic machine workbench through bolts, a pin roll III is arranged at the outer side of the fixing block, a pin roll II is arranged at the outer side of the lower fixing plate, a liquid storage roll I is arranged at the outer side of the lower base plate, a liquid storage roll II is fixed at the outer side of the liquid storage roll II through a taper sleeve pressing plate and is sleeved at the central hole of the lower pressing plate through a taper pressing plate, and is sleeved at the central hole.

Preferably, the lower end of the outer side of the mold core is provided with a slag collecting bag, and the upper surface of the slag collecting bag is higher than the upper surface of a passage from the casting to the slag collecting bag.

Preferably, the angle pins are provided in four groups, and each group includes two angle pins having an inclination angle of 15 ° to 20 °.

Preferably, a closed cavity is formed between the core, the combined wall and the lower mold block after the upper mold half and the lower mold half are compressed.

Preferably, a liquid storage chamber is formed between the liquid storage sleeve and the top plug.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

according to the movable combined type wall locking mechanism, through the arrangement of the movable combined type wall, when the movable sliding block of the hydraulic press descends, the four groups of inclined pins enable the four combined type walls to move inwards along the horizontal direction of the guide sliding groove, die assembly is achieved, and the inclined wall at the upper part of the inner side of the fixed block is used for locking a die, so that the combined type wall is prevented from being opened by aluminum alloy liquid in a pressed state. When the movable slide block of the hydraulic machine rises, the four groups of inclined pins enable the four combined walls to move outwards along the horizontal direction of the guide chute, so that the side surface of the outer side of the casting is suspended, the transverse ribs are completely separated from the combined walls, the casting is wrapped on the mold core, and the casting is moved out of the lower cavity along with the rising of the mold core.

According to the utility model, through a localized pressure supplementing type extrusion casting process, before extrusion casting is started, a material returning plate and a pressure supplementing rod are positioned at the upper end of a pressure supplementing device under the action of elastic deformation force of a belleville spring, and a concave cavity with the same volume as that of aluminum alloy liquid for side surface suspension feeding is formed by the pressure supplementing rod and a sleeve hole. After the top plug fills the aluminum alloy liquid in the liquid storage chamber into the cavity and maintains the pressure for a set time, the material returning rod of the hydraulic press is utilized to push the material returning plate, the material compensating rod is pushed to move downwards by the material returning plate, the aluminum alloy liquid for feeding in the cavity is injected into the casting hot joint suspended at the side by the pressing force of the material returning cylinder of the hydraulic press, the feeding pressure is continuously exerted, and shrinkage cavity and looseness of the part are eliminated

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an extrusion casting die for a complex structure diesel engine aluminum alloy flywheel housing blank of the present utility model.

In the figure:

the hydraulic press material returning device comprises an upper connecting plate 1, a hydraulic press material returning rod 2, an upper fixing plate 3, a material returning plate 4, a butterfly spring 5, a pressure compensating rod 6, a material beating rod 7, a guide block 8, a core 9, an inclined pin 10, a combined wall 11, a fixing block 12, a flow dividing cone 13, a lower module 14, a liquid storage sleeve 15, a lower fixing plate 16, a lower base plate 17, a top plug 18, a lower connecting plate 19, an ejector rod 20, a pin shaft one 21, a pin shaft two 22, a connecting piece 23, a pin shaft three 24 and a pin shaft four 25.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

The implementation steps are as follows:

as shown in figure 1

The utility model provides a high-density molding process of a high-quality complex aluminum alloy casting, which comprises the following steps:

the first step, the movable slide block of the hydraulic press is lowered, the upper half mould is attached to the combined wall 11 arranged above the lower base plate 17, and the connecting piece 23 is sleeved on the pin roll IV 25 of the guide block 8 and the pin roll III 24 of the fixed block 12;

step two, lifting the movable slide block of the hydraulic press to lift the upper half mould, the fixed block 12, the lower module 14 and the lower fixed plate 16 connected with the upper half mould and the fixed block to a certain height;

thirdly, pouring the aluminum alloy liquid into a liquid storage chamber formed by the liquid storage sleeve 15 and the top plug 18, and skimming oxide skin on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;

fourth, the movable slide block of the hydraulic press is lowered, and the upper half mould and the lower half mould are pressed by the pressing force of the movable slide block;

fifthly, starting a hydraulic press ejection cylinder, filling the cavity with aluminum alloy liquid in the liquid storage chamber by using the ejection plug 18, and continuously applying higher mechanical pressure;

sixthly, after maintaining the pressure for a certain time, starting a material returning cylinder of the hydraulic machine, and carrying out localized pressure supplement on the side suspension part of the flywheel housing through a pressure supplementing rod 6 by utilizing the pressing force of a material returning rod 2;

seventhly, after the pressure maintaining is continued for a certain time, simultaneously releasing pressure, taking out the connecting piece 23, and sleeving the connecting piece on the pin shaft II 22 of the lower fixed plate 16 and the pin shaft I21 of the lower base plate 17;

and eighth step, the upper slide block of the hydraulic press is lifted to a specified position, a material returning cylinder of the hydraulic press is started, and the casting is separated from the core 9 through the material supplementing rod 6 and the material beating rod 7.

It should be noted that;

1) The main technological parameters of extrusion casting are the temperature of a die: 200 ℃ to 280 ℃, casting temperature: 680 ℃ to 710 ℃, squeeze casting ratio pressure: 80MPa to 160MPa, dwell time: 40s.

2) When the pressure of the ejection cylinder is maintained for 15s, the material returning cylinder is started to carry out localized pressure compensation, and after the pressure is maintained for 25s, the material returning cylinder and the ejection cylinder are simultaneously released.

The utility model also relates to high-density forming equipment for high-quality complex aluminum alloy castings, which comprises an upper half mould and a lower half mould, wherein an upper connecting plate 1 of the upper half mould is fixed below a movable slide block of a hydraulic press through bolts, the upper connecting plate 1 is fixedly connected with a guide block 8 and a core 9 through inner hexagon screws in sequence, an upper fixing plate 3, a material returning plate 4, a butterfly spring 5, a pressure supplementing rod 6 and a material beating rod 7 are arranged in an upper cavity of the guide block 8, the material returning plate 4 can be pressed by the die returning force of the material returning rod 2 of the hydraulic press through the arrangement of the material returning plate 4, the butterfly spring 5 and the pressure supplementing rod 6, the feeding rod 6 applies feeding pressure to aluminum alloy liquid at a side suspension part, the material beating rod 7 is positioned in a round hole of the material returning plate 4 and is pressed through the upper fixing plate 3, four pins 25 are arranged outside the guide block 8, the four guide sliding grooves of the guide block 8 are respectively clamped with a combined wall 11, the diverter cone 13 is fixed in the central hole of the core 9 through a shoulder pressing plate, aluminum alloy liquid stably flows at the corner of the liquid storage chamber through the arrangement of the diverter cone 13, oxides on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid are adsorbed, the slag discharging effect is achieved, the fixed block 12, the lower module 14 and the lower fixed plate 16 of the lower half die are fixedly connected through inner hexagonal screws and are arranged above the lower base plate 17, the lower base plate 17 is fixedly connected with the lower connecting plate 19 through the inner hexagonal screws, the lower connecting plate 19 is fixed above a hydraulic press workbench through bolts, the pin shaft three 24 is arranged outside the fixed block 12, the pin shaft two 22 is arranged outside the lower fixed plate 16, the pin shaft one 21 is arranged outside the lower base plate 17, the inclined pin 10 is fixed in the inclined hole of the fixed block 12 through an inclined sleeve pressing plate, the liquid storage sleeve 15 is fixed at the central holes of the lower base plate 17 and the lower connecting plate 19 through the shoulder pressing plate, the top plug 18 is arranged in the liquid storage sleeve 15 and sleeved on the upper part of the top rod 20.

The feeding head is arranged above the excircle of the casting, so that shrinkage cavities and looseness at the upper part of the excircle are eliminated.

The lower extreme in the core 9 outside is provided with album cinder ladle, and album cinder ladle upper surface is higher than the upper surface that is by foundry goods to album cinder ladle passageway, through album cinder ladle's setting, is favorable to collecting the aluminum alloy liquid that mixes with impurity such as gas, oxide.

Four groups of angle pins 10 are arranged, each group comprises two angle pins 10, and the combination type wall 11 can be assembled, locked or separated through the arrangement of the angle pins 10 and the guide blocks 8; the compaction or separation of the core 9 and the combined wall 11 is realized by the descent or ascent of the movable slide block of the hydraulic press.

The core 9, the combined wall 11 and the lower mould 14 form a closed cavity after the upper and lower mould halves are pressed together.

A liquid storage chamber is formed between the liquid storage sleeve 15 and the top plug 18.

It should be noted that:

1) When the mold opening force is fixed, the core pulling force is reduced along with the increase of the oblique angle of the oblique pin, and the bending force acting on the oblique pin is increased. The angle of inclination of the angle pin 10 is selected in the range of 15 deg. to 20 deg..

2) When the length of the diversion cone inserted into the upper part of the liquid storage chamber is L, the distance between the upper surface of the top plug and the upper end surface of the liquid storage sleeve is not less than (L+10) mm, so that the diversion cone is prevented from colliding with the top plug.

3) The extrusion casting ratio pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the ejection force of the ejection cylinder or changing the diameter size of the ejection plug.

The first embodiment is as follows:

when in use, the upper half mould, the fixed block 12, the lower module 14 and the lower fixed plate 16 are lifted to a certain height by the movable slide block of the hydraulic press, and then aluminum alloy liquid is poured into a liquid storage chamber formed by the liquid storage sleeve 15 and the top plug 18; the movable slide block of the hydraulic press is lowered, four combined walls 11 are moved inwards along the guide sliding grooves of the guide blocks 8 through four groups of inclined pins 10 to realize die assembly, the inclined walls on the inner sides of the fixed blocks 12 are locked, and meanwhile, the upper half die and the lower half die are pressed by the pressing force of the movable slide block, so that the die core 9, the combined walls 11 and the lower die 14 form a closed die cavity; pushing the top plug 18 by using the ejection force of the hydraulic machine ejection cylinder through the ejector rod 20, so that the cavity is filled with the aluminum alloy liquid in the liquid storage chamber and higher mechanical pressure is continuously applied to the aluminum alloy liquid; after the pressure is maintained for a specified time, simultaneously applying feeding pressure to the aluminum alloy liquid at the side hanging part through a feeding rod 6 by utilizing the die withdrawal force of a hydraulic press feeding rod 2; after pressure maintaining is completed, the upper half mould is lifted by a movable slide block of a hydraulic press, and four groups of inclined pins 10 enable four combined walls 11 to move outwards along a guide chute of a guide block 8 so as to realize mould opening and core pulling; continuously descending a material returning rod 2 of the hydraulic press, and applying demoulding force to the casting by using a material compensating rod 6 and a material beating rod 7 to separate the casting from the core 9; after the material returning process is completed, the material returning rod 2 is retracted, and the material returning plate 4 is restored to the initial position under the action of the elastic deformation force of the belleville springs 5.

The various components used in the document are standard components, the specific connection modes of the components adopt conventional means such as mature threads, bolts, nesting and the like in the prior art, and the structures adopt conventional materials in the prior art, so that specific description is not made.

To sum up: the high-density molding process and the equipment for the high-quality complex aluminum alloy castings are characterized in that through the integral arrangement, the extrusion casting process is expanded from the extrusion casting process only used for flywheel shell blanks with simple structures to the extrusion casting process for flywheel shell blanks of diesel engines with complex structures, and the high-density molding process has remarkable effects in the aspects of improving the internal quality of products, improving the mechanical properties of the products, increasing the light weight level of the products and the like.

Although embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the utility model, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. A high-density molding process of high-quality complex aluminum alloy castings is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

the first step, a movable slide block of the hydraulic press is lowered, so that an upper half mould is attached to a combined wall (11) arranged above a lower base plate (17), and a connecting piece (23) is sleeved on a pin roll IV (25) of a guide block (8) and a pin roll III (24) of a fixed block (12);

step two, lifting the movable slide block of the hydraulic press to a certain height by lifting the upper half mould, the fixed block (12), the lower module (14) and the lower fixed plate (16) which are connected with the upper half mould and the fixed block;

thirdly, pouring the aluminum alloy liquid into a liquid storage chamber formed by a liquid storage sleeve (15) and a top plug (18), and skimming oxide skin on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;

fourth, the movable slide block of the hydraulic press is lowered, and the upper half mould and the lower half mould are pressed by the pressing force of the movable slide block;

fifthly, starting a hydraulic press ejection cylinder, filling the cavity with aluminum alloy liquid in the liquid storage chamber by using an ejection plug (18) and continuously applying higher mechanical pressure;

sixthly, after maintaining the pressure for a certain time, starting a material returning cylinder of the hydraulic machine, and carrying out localized pressure supplement on the side suspension part of the flywheel housing by utilizing the pressing force of a material returning rod (2) through a pressure supplementing rod (6);

seventhly, after the pressure is maintained for a certain time, releasing pressure simultaneously, taking off the connecting piece (23), and sleeving the connecting piece on the pin shaft II (22) of the lower fixed plate (16) and the pin shaft I (21) of the lower base plate (17);

eighth step, the upper slide block of the hydraulic press is lifted to a specified position, a material returning cylinder of the hydraulic press is started, and the casting is separated from the core (9) through the material supplementing rod (6) and the material beating rod (7).

2. The high-density forming equipment for high-quality complex aluminum alloy castings, as set forth in claim 1, is characterized in that: the die comprises an upper half die and a lower half die, wherein an upper connecting plate (1) of the upper half die is fixed below a movable slide block of a hydraulic press, the upper connecting plate (1) is sequentially and fixedly connected with a guide block (8) and a core (9), an upper fixing plate (3), a material returning plate (4), a belleville spring (5), a pressure supplementing rod (6) and a material beating rod (7) are arranged in an upper cavity of the guide block (8), the material beating rod (7) is positioned in a round hole of the material returning plate (4) and is tightly pressed through the upper fixing plate (3), a pin roll four (25) is arranged on the outer side of the guide block (8), a combined wall (11) is respectively arranged on four guide sliding grooves of the guide block (8), a shunt cone (13) is fixed in a central hole of the core (9), a fixing block (12), a lower module (14) and a lower fixing plate (16) of the lower half die are fixedly connected and are arranged above a lower base plate (17), the lower base plate (17) is tightly connected with the lower connecting plate (19), a pin roll (12) is fixedly connected with the lower base plate (19), a pin roll (12) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the guide block (8), a lower base plate (12) is fixedly provided with a pin roll (12), the liquid storage sleeve (15) is fixed at the central holes of the lower base plate (17) and the lower connecting plate (19), and the top plug (18) is arranged in the liquid storage sleeve (15) and sleeved on the upper part of the top rod (20).

3. A high-quality complex aluminum alloy casting high-densification molding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the lower end of the outer side of the mold core (9) is provided with a slag collecting bag.

4. A high-quality complex aluminum alloy casting high-densification molding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the angle pins (10) are provided with four groups, and each group comprises two angle pins (10), and the angle of inclination of the angle pins (10) is 15-20 degrees.

5. A high-quality complex aluminum alloy casting high-densification molding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the mold core (9), the combined wall (11) and the lower mold block (14) form a closed cavity after the upper half mold and the lower half mold are pressed.

6. A high-quality complex aluminum alloy casting high-densification molding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein: a liquid storage chamber is formed between the liquid storage sleeve (15) and the top plug (18).