CN117219917B - Lithium battery heat balance system device and method based on improved PID intelligent control - Google Patents
Lithium battery heat balance system device and method based on improved PID intelligent control Download PDFInfo
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- CN117219917B CN117219917B CN202311481501.1A CN202311481501A CN117219917B CN 117219917 B CN117219917 B CN 117219917B CN 202311481501 A CN202311481501 A CN 202311481501A CN 117219917 B CN117219917 B CN 117219917B
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy batteries, and particularly relates to a lithium battery heat balance system device and method based on improved PID intelligent control. The lithium battery module, the liquid circulation pipeline, the temperature sensor, the battery management system, the PLC controller and the like are arranged in the box body, the temperature in the battery box body and the temperature of each lithium battery module can be monitored in real time, the monitored temperature data is fed back to the PLC controller through the battery management system, the PLC controller carries out temperature control judgment, PID control is carried out based on the self-adaptive particle swarm algorithm, the liquid type of the module pump access is controlled, the circulation flow and the flow speed of the module pump are controlled, the temperature of the whole box body and the lithium battery module is controlled through the liquid circulation pipeline, and the balance of the internal temperature field of the lithium battery module, the minimization of the temperature difference and the operation of the lithium battery module in the optimal temperature range are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy batteries, and particularly relates to a lithium battery heat balance system device and method based on improved PID intelligent control.
Background
In recent years, environmental pollution and energy exhaustion are increasingly serious, and people and countries are concerned about the development and popularization of electric vehicle technologies represented by electric bicycles and electric vehicles are increasingly emphasized as new high-energy secondary battery technologies, particularly lithium ion power battery technologies, are continuously advanced.
The power lithium ion battery used in the new energy electric vehicle is not good in safety performance under the high temperature condition no matter the lithium iron phosphate, the lithium manganate or the ternary lithium battery, the lithium ion battery can generate heat due to the existence of ohmic internal resistance in the normal temperature charging and discharging process, if the heat generated by the battery can not be released timely, thermal runaway can exist, safety accidents such as battery combustion or swelling and the like are caused, and the lithium ion battery is easier to cause heat accumulation to cause the safety accidents when being used at high temperature.
In addition, the requirements of different working condition environments on temperature are different, for example, a forklift and a locomotive used in a plateau need to accurately control the temperature environment, so that a heat dissipation system is needed when the automobile is used in normal temperature and high temperature environments; charging at low temperatures is not only inefficient but also affects battery life, requiring the use of a heating system.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the lithium battery heat balance system device and the method based on the improved PID intelligent control, which can realize the accurate temperature control of the lithium battery module, thereby effectively ensuring the safety of the lithium battery module and exerting the optimal performance of the lithium battery module.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
The utility model provides a lithium cell heat balance system device based on improve PID intelligent control, includes the box, and the box is three layer construction, and the bottom is the counter weight chamber, and the middle level is the battery chamber, and the upper strata is automatically controlled chamber, wherein:
A plurality of lithium battery modules are arranged in the battery cavity, aluminum radiating fins are arranged on the periphery of each lithium battery module, a liquid circulation pipeline is arranged in the battery cavity, the liquid circulation pipeline performs liquid circulation through a module pump, the temperature of the whole box body and the lithium battery modules is controlled, temperature sensors are arranged in the battery cavity, in the electric control cavity, at each lithium battery module and between adjacent lithium battery modules, a current sensor is arranged at each lithium battery module, and a pressure sensor is also arranged in the battery cavity;
the electric control cavity is internally provided with a battery management system, an electronic switch box, a PLC controller and an output module, the PLC controller is electrically connected with the battery management system and the module pump, and the battery management system is electrically connected with each lithium battery module, the electronic switch box, the output module, the pressure sensor, each temperature sensor and each current sensor.
In order to better acquire temperature information of the lithium battery modules, the temperature sensor arranged at each lithium battery module is directly connected with the battery cell in the corresponding module through a signal acquisition line. The aluminum radiating fin can increase the heat dissipation heat during heat dissipation, so that the temperature consistency of each battery is better realized.
The battery management system may be a known management system, or may be provided separately, for example: the battery management system comprises a communication module for realizing communication in the heat balance process. The battery management system is connected with the lithium battery module through the wire harness and the plug-in, is connected with a safety protection circuit of the lithium battery module through the communication module, can also be connected with the anode and the cathode of the battery through the collection wire harness, detects the voltage of the module, and is connected with a circuit sensor of the lithium battery module through the collection wire harness, acquires the state parameter information of the battery cell in each module, and can output balanced, temperature, voltage, S0C and other information through a communication bus inside the lithium battery module after being operated by the PLC.
The electronic switch box is mainly applied to a short circuit stage, and can directly cut off a power supply to avoid more subsequent safety problems.
The current sensor mainly monitors the current condition of the lithium battery module, provides a data base for power management of the battery management system, and can dynamically monitor.
The output module is used for displaying information such as box temperature, lithium battery module temperature, can be the control panel who has the display screen that sets up at the box top, also can link to each other with electric vehicle's such as fork truck, locomotive on-vehicle system through data output joint, shows at the cockpit panel board.
The counterweight cavity is filled with flame retardant materials to counterweight. The bottom layer is designed mainly to increase weight, and the forklift, locomotive and the like need to be weighted.
The liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the liquid circulation pipeline are both positioned at one side of the battery cavity, and the liquid circulation pipeline is arranged in the inner wall of the battery cavity and extends out of the coil pipe to pass through two sides of each lithium battery module. Further, each coil can be independently controlled by setting a control valve so as to control the temperature better.
The module pump is an external water pump or a miniature water pump arranged in the battery cavity. The liquid source of the liquid circulation pipeline can be a water tank arranged on the electric vehicle, a hot water tank and a cold water tank, or a water tank with a temperature control function.
And a flame-retardant air bag and an electrostatic isolation patch are arranged between the adjacent lithium battery modules, and a fire extinguishing device is arranged in the battery cavity. The flame-retardant air bag can control thermal runaway, so that the lithium battery module can be used at any ambient temperature.
The heat balance method of the lithium battery heat balance system device based on the improved PID intelligent control comprises the following steps:
When the lithium battery modules work normally, the temperature in the battery box body and the temperature of each lithium battery module are monitored in real time through the temperature sensor, the monitored temperature data is fed back to the PLC controller through the battery management system, the PLC controller carries out temperature control judgment and PID control based on the self-adaptive particle swarm algorithm, after initial temperature is input, the optimal result is obtained through continuous iterative search, the PLC controller controls the liquid type of the module pump access through the result, the circulation flow and the flow speed of the module pump, and the temperature of the whole box body and the lithium battery modules is controlled through the liquid circulation pipeline, wherein the liquid type is a cold source or a heat source. The cold source or the heat source is liquid with a certain temperature, generally water, which can play a corresponding role and is adopted for heating or radiating operation to be carried out, and furthermore, a temperature control module can be arranged at a module pump or a water tank with a temperature control function can be directly adopted.
The specific process of temperature control judgment by the PLC controller is as follows:
a. When the temperature of the box body is not higher than 5 ℃, heating is started, a heat source is introduced into the liquid circulation pipeline, and when the temperature of the box body reaches 20 ℃, heating is stopped;
b. When the temperature of a single lithium battery module is not higher than 40 ℃, heating is started, a heat source is introduced into a liquid circulation pipeline, meanwhile, the consistency judgment of the real-time temperature is carried out, and when all the lithium battery modules meet the temperature consistency, the heating is ended;
c. When the temperature of a single lithium battery module is higher than 40 ℃, starting heat dissipation, introducing a cold source into a liquid circulation pipeline, judging the consistency of the temperature in real time, and ending the heat dissipation when all the lithium battery modules meet the consistency of the temperature;
d. When the temperature of the box body is higher than 50 ℃, heat dissipation is started, a cold source is introduced into the liquid circulation pipeline, and when the temperature of the box body is lower than 35 ℃, heat dissipation is stopped.
And the temperature consistency is judged by performing PID control based on the self-adaptive particle swarm algorithm through the PLC, so that the heat balance consistency of each lithium battery module is kept, and the service time and state of the lithium battery module are optimized.
The self-adaptive particle swarm algorithm comprises the following steps:
s1, importing temperature initial data;
s2, initializing a particle swarm to obtain an initial position and an initial speed;
S3, calculating the fitness value of each particle;
S4, obtaining an individual fitness value and a global population fitness value through comparison calculation, and selecting an optimal fitness value, namely an individual extremum and a population extremum;
And S5, continuously and iteratively updating the speed and the position of the particles, and calculating the fitness value of each particle again until the termination condition is met, so as to obtain an optimal result and output the optimal result.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the lithium battery module, the three-layer structure of the box body is arranged, the lithium battery modules, the liquid circulation pipeline, the temperature sensor, the battery management system, the PLC and the like are arranged in the box body, the temperature in the battery box body and the temperature of each lithium battery module can be monitored in real time, the monitored temperature data are fed back to the PLC through the battery management system, the PLC carries out temperature control judgment, PID control is carried out based on a self-adaptive particle swarm algorithm, the types of liquid connected by the module pump, the circulation flow and the flow speed of the module pump are controlled, the temperature of the whole box body and the lithium battery modules is controlled through the liquid circulation pipeline, and the balance of the internal temperature field and the minimization of the temperature difference of the lithium battery modules are realized, so that the lithium battery modules can work in an optimal temperature range; the high-temperature thermal runaway risk and the low-temperature damage probability of the lithium battery module are reduced, the use efficiency of the lithium battery module is increased, and the actual service life is prolonged; PID intelligent control based on self-adaptive particle swarm optimization is more accurate, the effect is more clear, and accurate temperature control of the lithium battery module can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat balance system device for a lithium battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper layer of the case;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a heat balance method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a particle swarm algorithm of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of PID intelligent control.
In the figure: 1. a case; 2. a weight cavity; 3. a battery cavity; 4. an electric control cavity; 5. a lithium battery module; 6. aluminum heat sink; 7. a liquid circulation pipe; 8. a battery management system; 9. an electronic switch box; 10. a PLC controller; 11. a liquid inlet; 12. a liquid outlet; 13. fire extinguishing device.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the lithium battery heat balance system device based on improved PID intelligent control comprises a box body 1, wherein the box body 1 has a three-layer structure, a bottom layer is a counterweight cavity 2 and counterweights through filling flame retardant materials, a middle layer is a battery cavity 3, and an upper layer is an electric control cavity 4, wherein:
4 lithium battery modules 5 are arranged in the battery cavity 3, aluminum radiating fins 6 are arranged on the periphery of each lithium battery module 5, a liquid circulation pipeline 7 is arranged in the battery cavity 3, the liquid circulation pipeline 7 circulates liquid through a module pump, the temperature of the whole box body 1 and the lithium battery modules 5 is controlled, temperature sensors are arranged in the battery cavity 3, in the electric control cavity 4, at each lithium battery module 5 and between adjacent lithium battery modules 5, a current sensor is arranged at each lithium battery module 5, and a pressure sensor is also arranged in the battery cavity 3;
as shown in fig. 2, a battery management system 8, an electronic switch box 9, a PLC controller 10 and an output module are disposed in the electric control chamber 4, the PLC controller 10 is electrically connected with the battery management system 8 and the module pump, and the battery management system 8 is electrically connected with each lithium battery module 5, the electronic switch box 9, the output module, the pressure sensor, each temperature sensor and each current sensor.
The liquid inlet 11 and the liquid outlet 12 of the liquid circulation pipeline 7 are both positioned on one side of the battery cavity 3, the liquid circulation pipeline 7 is arranged in the inner wall of the battery cavity 3 and extends out of the coil pipe to pass through two sides of each lithium battery module 5, and the coil pipe structure is shown in fig. 3.
The module pump adopts an external water pump. The liquid sources are a hot water tank and a cold water tank arranged on the electric vehicle.
And a flame-retardant air bag and an electrostatic isolation patch are arranged between the adjacent lithium battery modules 5, and a fire extinguishing device 13 is arranged in the battery cavity 3.
The heat balance method of the lithium battery heat balance system device based on the improved PID intelligent control comprises the following steps:
When the lithium battery modules 5 work normally, the temperature in the battery box 1 and the temperature of each lithium battery module 5 are monitored in real time through the temperature sensor, the monitored temperature data are fed back to the PLC 10 through the battery management system 8, the PLC 10 carries out temperature control judgment and PID control based on the self-adaptive particle swarm algorithm, after initial temperature is input, the optimal result is obtained through continuous iterative search, the PLC 10 controls the liquid type of the module pump access through the result, the circulation flow and the flow velocity of the module pump, and the temperature of the whole box 1 and the lithium battery modules 5 is controlled through the liquid circulation pipeline 7, wherein the liquid type is cold water or hot water.
As shown in fig. 3, the specific process of the PLC controller 10 for performing the temperature control judgment is that (the control temperature may also be adjusted according to the difference between the electric vehicle and the use environment):
a. when the temperature of the box body 1 is not higher than 5 ℃, heating is started, hot water is introduced into the liquid circulation pipeline 7, and when the temperature of the box body 1 reaches 20 ℃, heating is stopped;
The general working temperature range of the battery core is-15-60 ℃, and the temperature control of the part a is mainly aimed at charging an electric vehicle when the outdoor air temperature is too low.
B. when the temperature of the single lithium battery module 5 is not higher than 40 ℃, starting heating, introducing hot water into the liquid circulation pipeline 7, judging the consistency of the temperature in real time, and ending heating when all the lithium battery modules 5 meet the consistency of the temperature;
c. When the temperature of the single lithium battery module 5 is higher than 40 ℃, heat dissipation is started, cold water is introduced into the liquid circulation pipeline 7, meanwhile, the consistency judgment of the real-time temperature is carried out, and when all the lithium battery modules 5 meet the temperature consistency, the heat dissipation is finished;
b. the temperature control of the part c is mainly aimed at the normal working process of the lithium battery module.
D. when the temperature of the box body 1 is higher than 50 ℃, heat dissipation is started, cold water is introduced into the liquid circulation pipeline 7, and when the temperature of the box body 1 is lower than 35 ℃, heat dissipation is stopped.
The temperature control of the part d mainly aims at the long-time operation of the lithium battery module.
The temperature consistency is judged by performing PID control by the PLC 10 based on the adaptive particle swarm algorithm, so that the thermal balance consistency of each lithium battery module 5 is maintained, and the service time and state of the lithium battery module 5 are optimized.
As shown in fig. 4, the adaptive particle swarm algorithm comprises the following steps:
s1, importing temperature initial data;
s2, initializing a particle swarm to obtain an initial position and an initial speed;
S3, calculating the fitness value of each particle;
S4, obtaining an individual fitness value and a global population fitness value through comparison calculation, and selecting an optimal fitness value, namely an individual extremum and a population extremum;
And S5, continuously and iteratively updating the speed and the position of the particles, and calculating the fitness value of each particle again until the termination condition is met, so as to obtain an optimal result and output the optimal result.
One specific implementation mode of the particle swarm algorithm applied in the PID control process is as follows:
clc% screen cleaner
Clear all;%delete workplace variable
Close all%
% Parameter settings
W=0.6%
C1 =2%
C2 =2%
Dim=3%
SwarmSize = 100%
MaxIter = 100%
MinFit = 0.1%
Vmax = 1;
Vmin = -1;
Ub = [50 50 50];
Lb = [0 0 0];
% Particle swarm initialization
Range = ones(SwarmSize,1)*(Ub-Lb);
Swarm=rand (SwarmSize, dim) & range+ones (SwarmSize, 1) & Lb%initialisation particle population
VStep = rand (SwarmSize, dim): (Vmax-Vmin) +vmin;% initialization speed
fSwarm = zeros(SwarmSize,1);
for i=1:SwarmSize
FSwarm (i,:) =pid_pso (Swarm (i,:); fitness value of% particle Swarm
end
Percent individual extremum and population extremum
[bestf bestindex]=min(fSwarm);
Zbest = Swarm (bestindex:);%
Gbest = Swarm%
Fgbest = fSwarm%
Fzbest = bestf%
% Iterative optimization
iter = 0;
Y_fit=zeros (1, maxiter);% 4 empty matrices were generated in advance
K_p = zeros(1,MaxIter);
K_i = zeros(1,MaxIter);
K_d = zeros(1,MaxIter);
while( (iter<MaxIter)&&(fzbest>MinFit) )
for j=1:SwarmSize
% Speed update
VStep(j,:) = w*VStep(j,:) + c1*rand*(gbest(j,:) -
Swarm(j,:)) + c2*rand*(zbest - Swarm(j,:));
if VStep(j,:)>Vmax, VStep(j,:)=Vmax; end
if VStep(j,:)<Vmin, VStep(j,:)=Vmin; end
% Location update
Swarm(j,:)=Swarm(j,:)+VStep(j,:);
% Plot
Figure (1)% draws a change curve of the performance index ITAE
plot(y_fitness,'LineWidth',2)
Title ('optimal individual fitness value', 'fontsize', 10);
xlabel ('iteration number', 'fontsize', 10); ylabel ('adaptation value', 'fontsize', 10);
set(gca,'Fontsize',10);
grid on
figure (2)% drawing PID controller parameter change curve
plot(K_p)
hold on
plot(K_i,'k','LineWidth',3)
plot(K_d,'--r')
Title ('Kp, ki, kd optimization curves', 'fontsize', 10);
xlabel ('iteration number', 'fontsize', 10); ylabel ('parameter value', 'fontsize', 10);
set(gca,'Fontsize',10);
legend('Kp','Ki','Kd',1);
grid on
The PID-PSO particle swarm fitness function is as follows.
function BsJ=pid_pso(Kpidi)
ts=0.001;
sys=tf([1.6],[1 1.5 1.6],'inputdelay',0.1);
dsys=c2d(sys,ts,'z');
[num,den]=tfdata(dsys,'v');
u_1=0.0;u_2=0.0;
y_1=0.0;y_2=0.0;
x=[0,0,0]';
B=0;
error_1=0;
tu=1;
s=0;
P=100;
for k=1:1:P
timef(k)=k*ts;
r(k)=1;
u(k)=Kpidi(1)*x(1)+Kpidi(2)*x(3)+Kpidi(3)*x(2);
if u(k)>=10
u(k)=10;
end
if u(k)<=-10
u(k)=-10;
end
yout(k)=-den(2)*y_1-den(3)*y_2+num(2)*u_1+num(3)*u_2;
error(k)=r(k)-yout(k);
%Return of PID parameters
u_2=u_1;u_1=u(k);
y_2=y_1;y_1=yout(k);
X (1) =error (k);% calculate P parameter
X (2) = (error (k) -error_1)/ts;% calculate D parameter
X (3) =x (3) +error (k) ×ts;% calculate I parameter
error_2=error_1;
error_1=error(k);
if s==0
if yout(k)>0.95&yout(k)<1.05
tu=timef(k);
s=1;
end
end
end
for i=1:1:P
Ji(i)=0.999*abs(error(i))+0.01*u(i)^2*0.1;
B=B+Ji(i);
if i>1
erry(i)=yout(i)-yout(i-1);
if erry(i)<0
B=B+100*abs(erry(i));
end
end
end
BsJ=B+0.2*tu*10。
The principle of the intelligent control of the PID control adopted in the invention is shown in figure 5. PSO in the figure is particle swarm control.
The PID controller is a linear controller, which is based on an input value r (t) and an output value y (t); the deviation of the composition is e (t) =r (t) -y (t).
The control rule of PID is。
Form of transfer function。
Where k p is the proportionality coefficient, T i is the integration time constant, and T d is the differentiation time constant.
The effect of each correction link of the PID controller is as follows: the proportion links are as follows: proportional reflection of the deviation e (t) of the control system. Once the deviation is generated, the controller acts immediately to reduce the deviation. And (3) integrating: the method is mainly used for eliminating static difference and improving the no-difference degree of the system, and the greater the integral time constant is, the weaker the integral function is, and the stronger the integral function is otherwise. And (3) a differentiation link: reflects the variation trend of the deviation signal, and can introduce an effective early correction signal into the system before the deviation signal becomes too large, thereby accelerating the action speed of the system and reducing the adjustment time.
Claims (1)
1. Lithium cell heat balance system device based on improve PID intelligent control, its characterized in that: including box (1), box (1) is three layer construction, and the bottom is counter weight chamber (2), and the middle level is battery chamber (3), and the upper strata is automatically controlled chamber (4), wherein:
A plurality of lithium battery modules (5) are arranged in the battery cavity (3), aluminum radiating fins (6) are arranged on the periphery of each lithium battery module (5), a liquid circulation pipeline (7) is arranged in the battery cavity (3), the liquid circulation pipeline (7) is used for carrying out liquid circulation through a module pump, the temperature of the whole box body (1) and the lithium battery modules (5) is controlled, temperature sensors are arranged in the battery cavity (3), in the electric control cavity (4), at each lithium battery module (5) and between adjacent lithium battery modules (5), current sensors are arranged at each lithium battery module (5), and a pressure sensor is also arranged in the battery cavity (3);
the electric control cavity (4) is internally provided with a battery management system (8), an electronic switch box (9), a PLC (programmable logic controller) (10) and an output module, the PLC (10) is electrically connected with the battery management system (8) and a module pump, and the battery management system (8) is electrically connected with each lithium battery module (5), the electronic switch box (9), the output module, the pressure sensor, each temperature sensor and each current sensor;
The counterweight cavity (2) is filled with flame-retardant materials to carry out counterweight;
the liquid inlet (11) and the liquid outlet (12) of the liquid circulation pipeline (7) are positioned at one side of the battery cavity (3), and the liquid circulation pipeline (7) is arranged in the inner wall of the battery cavity (3) and extends out of the coil pipe to pass through two sides of each lithium battery module (5);
The module pump is an external water pump or a miniature water pump arranged in the battery cavity (3);
A flame-retardant air bag and an electrostatic isolation patch are arranged between the adjacent lithium battery modules (5), and a fire extinguishing device (13) is arranged in the battery cavity (3);
The heat balance method of the lithium battery heat balance system device based on the improved PID intelligent control comprises the following steps:
When the lithium battery modules (5) normally work, the temperature in the battery box body (1) and the temperature of each lithium battery module (5) are monitored in real time through a temperature sensor, the monitored temperature data are fed back to the PLC (10) through the battery management system (8), the PLC (10) performs temperature control judgment and PID control based on the adaptive particle swarm algorithm, after the initial temperature is input, the optimal result is obtained through continuous iterative search, the PLC (10) controls the liquid type accessed by the module pump, the circulation flow and the flow speed of the module pump, and the temperature of the whole box body (1) and the lithium battery modules (5) is controlled through the liquid circulation pipeline (7), wherein the liquid type is a cold source or a heat source;
the specific process of temperature control judgment by the PLC (10) is as follows:
a. when the temperature of the box body (1) is not higher than 5 ℃, heating is started, a heat source is introduced into the liquid circulation pipeline (7), and when the temperature of the box body (1) reaches 20 ℃, heating is stopped;
b. When the temperature of a single lithium battery module (5) is not higher than 40 ℃, heating is started, a heat source is introduced into a liquid circulation pipeline (7), meanwhile, the consistency of the real-time temperature is judged, and when all the lithium battery modules (5) meet the temperature consistency, heating is ended;
c. when the temperature of a single lithium battery module (5) is higher than 40 ℃, heat dissipation is started, a cold source is introduced into a liquid circulation pipeline (7), meanwhile, the consistency judgment of the real-time temperature is carried out, and when all the lithium battery modules (5) meet the temperature consistency, the heat dissipation is ended;
d. when the temperature of the box body (1) is higher than 50 ℃, heat dissipation is started, a cold source is introduced into the liquid circulation pipeline (7), and when the temperature of the box body (1) is lower than 35 ℃, heat dissipation is stopped;
The temperature consistency is judged by performing PID control by the PLC (10) based on the adaptive particle swarm algorithm, so that the heat balance consistency of each lithium battery module (5) is kept, and the service time and state of the lithium battery modules (5) are optimized;
the adopted PID control is that according to the input value r (t) and the output value y (t); the deviation of the composition was e (t) =r (t) -y (t):
The control rule of PID is ；
Form of transfer function；
Wherein k p is a proportionality coefficient, T i is an integration time constant, and T d is a differentiation time constant;
The self-adaptive particle swarm algorithm comprises the following steps:
s1, importing temperature initial data;
s2, initializing a particle swarm to obtain an initial position and an initial speed;
S3, calculating the fitness value of each particle;
S4, obtaining an individual fitness value and a global population fitness value through comparison calculation, and selecting an optimal fitness value, namely an individual extremum and a population extremum;
And S5, continuously and iteratively updating the speed and the position of the particles, and calculating the fitness value of each particle again until the termination condition is met, so as to obtain an optimal result and output the optimal result.
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