CN117210659A - Heat treatment process for austenitic grain and martensitic lath structure - Google Patents
Heat treatment process for austenitic grain and martensitic lath structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN117210659A CN117210659A CN202311203448.9A CN202311203448A CN117210659A CN 117210659 A CN117210659 A CN 117210659A CN 202311203448 A CN202311203448 A CN 202311203448A CN 117210659 A CN117210659 A CN 117210659A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
A heat treatment process for austenite grain and martensite lath structures belongs to the technical field of material heat treatment processes. The chemical components of the sample alloy are as follows by weight percent: c:0.15 to 0.20 percent, co:8.0 to 10.0 percent, cr:13.0 to 15.0 percent, mn:0.3 to 0.4 percent, mo:1.0 to 2.5 percent, ni:2.0 to 2.5 percent, si:0.3 to 0.8 percent, W:2.5 to 3.0 percent, and by improving the heat treatment process and introducing inert gas during the treatment, the strength and the hardness of the alloy can be effectively improved, the cost is low, the process is simple, and the practical value is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a heat treatment process of austenitic grain and martensitic lath structure, and belongs to the technical field of material heat treatment processes.
Background
Austenitic stainless steels have relatively low strength, which is largely determined by their crystal structure and composition. The austenitic phase of austenitic stainless steel has a face-centered cubic structure with many voids in the lattice, thereby reducing the strength of the material. In addition, the commonly used alloying elements in austenitic stainless steels, such as chromium, nickel, etc., have limited contributions to the strength and cannot significantly increase their strength levels. Austenitic stainless steel has low energy absorbing capability to impact and impact load due to the characteristics of the crystal structure, and is easy to break and damage. When austenitic stainless steel is subjected to impact load, the sliding and dislocation movement capabilities of the crystals are limited, resulting in insufficient plastic deformation capabilities of the material, thereby reducing impact resistance.
In order to solve the problems of low strength and poor impact resistance of austenitic stainless steel, researchers and engineers have adopted a series of methods and measures to change the crystal structure and mechanical properties of the material by adjusting the alloy composition and ratio of austenitic stainless steel. And a strengthening phase or alloy elements such as molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen and the like are introduced, so that the strength and hardness of the austenitic stainless steel are enhanced, and the impact resistance of the austenitic stainless steel is improved. In addition, by optimizing the proportion of alloy elements and the heat treatment process, the grain refinement of grains and the improvement of the grain boundary structure of the material can be realized, thereby improving the strength and the toughness of the material. By adopting proper processing technology, such as cold deformation, thermal deformation and the like, the structure and mechanical properties of the austenitic stainless steel can be improved. The quality and performance of austenitic stainless steel can be improved by surface treatment methods such as mechanical polishing, chemical treatment, coating, etc.
The heat treatment process is a relatively key process for metal treatment, and excellent performance can be obtained through the improved heat treatment process, so that the heat treatment process has wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a heat treatment process for austenite grain and martensite lath structures, and through improvement on the heat treatment process and the introduction of inert gas during treatment, the strength and hardness of the alloy can be effectively improved, the cost is low, the process is simple, and the practical value is better.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the heat treatment process of austenite grain and martensite lath structure includes the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.15 to 0.20 percent, co:8.0 to 10.0 percent, cr:13.0 to 15.0 percent, mn:0.3 to 0.4 percent, mo:1.0 to 2.5 percent, ni:2.0 to 2.5 percent, si:0.3 to 0.8 percent, W:2.5 to 3.0 percent, and the balance of iron and other unavoidable impurity elements, comprising the following steps:
step one, alloy surface treatment: cleaning the surface by using clear water, pickling to remove an oxide film on the surface, and coating a layer of high-temperature antioxidant paint on the surface of the sample;
step two, cyclic quenching: putting the alloy into a furnace for cyclic quenching treatment to enable alloy elements to be in solid solution and most of carbide to be dissolved, enabling the alloy elements to be dissolved in crystal lattices, fixing the distribution of the alloy elements by quenching, eliminating precipitated phases and segregation in the alloy material, enabling the distribution of the alloy elements to be more uniform, and improving the strength and plasticity of the alloy material;
step three, sample cold treatment: step two, obtaining a sample, cooling the sample in liquid nitrogen for 1 hour, and then taking the sample out and recovering the sample to room temperature in a natural environment;
step four, tempering treatment: and thirdly, tempering the sample treated in the third step.
Further, the thickness of the high-temperature oxidation-resistant paint is 1-2mm, and the thickness is preferably 1mm after being smeared before each quenching.
Further, the acid-washing solvent in the first step is: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, or a mixed acid thereof.
Further, the cyclic quenching treatment temperature is 980-1060 ℃, 3-4 temperatures are selected from the quenching temperature sequence from high to low, the quenching temperature span of two adjacent selected quenching temperatures is 10-20 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3-5 min at each temperature.
Further, the cyclic quenching treatment is divided into two sections, the first section is quick quenching, the high-temperature sample is placed in polyacrylamide quenching liquid for quenching until the surface temperature of the workpiece is lower than 120 ℃, the second section is quenching, the sample is placed in inert gas environment for cooling, and the inert gas is preferably nitrogen.
Further, the concentration of the polyacrylamide quenching liquid is 10.5 to 12.5 percent
Further, the tempering treatment in the step four is to keep the temperature of the sample at 480-540 ℃ for 3 hours, and then take out for air cooling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through multiple quenching and staged quenching, inert gas is introduced for treatment, so that grains are thinned, the strength performance is improved, and the hardness is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the description is only exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a heat treatment process for austenite grain and martensite lath structures, and through improvement on the heat treatment process and the introduction of inert gas during treatment, the strength and hardness of the alloy can be effectively improved, the cost is low, the process is simple, and the practical value is better.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the heat treatment process of austenite grain and martensite lath structure includes the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.15 to 0.20 percent, co:8.0 to 10.0 percent, cr:13.0 to 15.0 percent, mn:0.3 to 0.4 percent, mo:1.0 to 2.5 percent, ni:2.0 to 2.5 percent, si:0.3 to 0.8 percent, W:2.5 to 3.0 percent, and the balance of iron and other unavoidable impurity elements, comprising the following steps:
step one, alloy surface treatment: cleaning the surface with clear water, and then pickling the oxide film on the surface, wherein the pickling solvent is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid or mixed acid thereof; coating a layer of high-temperature oxidation-resistant paint on the surface of the sample, wherein the thickness of the high-temperature oxidation-resistant paint is 1-2mm, and the thickness is preferably 1mm before each quenching;
step two, cyclic quenching: putting the alloy into a furnace for cyclic quenching treatment, wherein the temperature of the cyclic quenching treatment is 980-1060 ℃, so that alloy elements are dissolved in solid solution and most of carbide is dissolved, the alloy elements are dissolved in crystal lattices, the distribution of the alloy elements is fixed by quenching, the precipitated phases and segregation in the alloy materials are eliminated, the alloy elements are more uniformly distributed, the strength and plasticity of the alloy materials are improved, 3-4 temperatures are selected from high to low in quenching temperature sequence, the quenching temperature span of two adjacent selected is 10-20 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3-5 min at each temperature;
step three, sample cold treatment: step two, obtaining a sample, cooling the sample in liquid nitrogen for 1 hour, and then taking the sample out and recovering the sample to room temperature in a natural environment;
step four, tempering treatment: and thirdly, tempering the sample treated in the third step.
Further, the cyclic quenching treatment is divided into two sections, the first section is quick quenching, the high-temperature sample is placed in polyacrylamide quenching liquid for quenching until the surface temperature of the workpiece is lower than 120 ℃, the second section is quenching, the sample is placed in inert gas environment for cooling, and the inert gas is preferably nitrogen.
Further, the concentration of the polyacrylamide quenching liquid is 10.5 to 12.5 percent
Further, the tempering treatment in the step four is to keep the temperature of the sample at 480-540 ℃ for 3 hours, and then take out for air cooling.
Example 1
The surface of the treated sample is coated with high-temperature antioxidant paint with the thickness of 1mm, then the sample is put into a box-type resistance furnace with the temperature of 1040 ℃ for 3min, taken out and then put into a cooling medium polyacrylamide quenching liquid with the concentration of 12% for cooling to 120 ℃, and then the sample is cooled to room temperature in a nitrogen environment.
And (3) coating high-temperature antioxidant paint on the surface of the sample obtained in the step, wherein the thickness is 1mm, then placing the sample into a box-type resistance furnace at 1030 ℃ for 3min, taking out the sample, placing the sample into a cooling medium polyacrylamide quenching liquid with the concentration of 12% for cooling to 120 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in a nitrogen environment.
And (3) coating high-temperature antioxidant paint on the surface of the sample obtained in the step, wherein the thickness is 1mm, then placing the sample into a box-type resistance furnace with the temperature of 1020 ℃ for 3min, taking out the sample, placing the sample into a cooling medium polyacrylamide quenching liquid with the concentration of 12% for cooling to 120 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in a nitrogen environment.
And (3) coating high-temperature antioxidant paint on the surface of the sample obtained in the step, wherein the thickness is 1mm, then placing the sample into a box-type resistance furnace at 1000 ℃ for 3min, taking out the sample, placing the sample into a cooling medium polyacrylamide quenching liquid with the concentration of 12% for cooling to 120 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in a nitrogen environment.
The final sample obtained through the steps is placed into liquid nitrogen at the temperature of minus 196 ℃ for cold treatment for 1h, taken out and then air-cooled to room temperature, then heat-preserved for 3h at the temperature of 500 ℃ for tempering treatment, and then taken out and air-cooled;
and (3) putting the sample subjected to the steps into liquid nitrogen at the temperature of minus 196 ℃ again for cold treatment for 1h, taking out, cooling to room temperature in air, preserving heat for 3h at the temperature of 500 ℃ for tempering treatment, taking out, cooling to room temperature in air, and obtaining the low-carbon high-alloy steel with refined structure.
Example 2
The surface of the treated sample is coated with high-temperature antioxidant paint with the thickness of 2mm, then the sample is put into a box-type resistance furnace with the temperature of 1040 ℃ for 5min, taken out and then put into a cooling medium polyacrylamide quenching liquid with the concentration of 12% for cooling to 120 ℃, and then the sample is cooled to room temperature in a nitrogen environment.
And (3) coating high-temperature antioxidant paint on the surface of the sample obtained in the step, wherein the thickness is 2mm, then placing the sample into a 1020-chamber resistance furnace for heat preservation for 5min, taking out the sample, placing the sample into a cooling medium polyacrylamide quenching liquid with the concentration of 12%, cooling the sample to 120 ℃, and then cooling the sample to room temperature in a nitrogen environment.
And (3) coating high-temperature antioxidant paint on the surface of the sample obtained in the step, wherein the thickness is 2mm, then placing the sample into a box-type resistance furnace at 1000 ℃ for heat preservation for 5min, taking out the sample, placing the sample into a cooling medium polyacrylamide quenching liquid with the concentration of 12% for cooling to 120 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in a nitrogen environment.
And (3) coating high-temperature antioxidant paint on the surface of the sample obtained in the step, wherein the thickness is 1mm, then placing the sample into a box-type resistance furnace with the temperature of 980 ℃ for heat preservation for 5min, taking out the sample, placing the sample into a cooling medium polyacrylamide quenching liquid with the concentration of 12% for cooling to 120 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in a nitrogen environment.
The final sample obtained through the steps is placed into liquid nitrogen at the temperature of minus 196 ℃ for cold treatment for 1h, taken out and then air-cooled to room temperature, then heat-preserved for 3h at the temperature of 520 ℃ for tempering treatment, and then taken out and air-cooled;
and (3) putting the sample subjected to the steps into liquid nitrogen at the temperature of minus 196 ℃ again for cold treatment for 1h, taking out, cooling to room temperature in air, preserving heat for 3h at the temperature of 520 ℃ for tempering treatment, taking out, cooling to room temperature in air, and obtaining the low-carbon high-alloy steel with refined structure.
By contrast, the sample obtained in example 1 has a hardness of 52-54HRC, a yield strength of 1400-1440 MPa, an elongation of 15-17%, the sample obtained in example 2 has a hardness of 56-58HRC, a yield strength of 1380-1420 MPa, and an elongation of 18-19%. The performance is improved.
Claims (7)
1. A heat treatment process for austenite grain and martensite lath structure is characterized in that: the chemical components of the sample alloy are as follows in weight percent: c:0.15 to 0.20 percent, co:8.0 to 10.0 percent, cr:13.0 to 15.0 percent, mn:0.3 to 0.4 percent, mo:1.0 to 2.5 percent, ni:2.0 to 2.5 percent, si:0.3 to 0.8 percent, W:2.5 to 3.0 percent, and the balance of iron and other unavoidable impurity elements, and the method further comprises the following steps:
step one, alloy surface treatment: cleaning the surface by using clear water, pickling to remove an oxide film on the surface, and coating a layer of high-temperature antioxidant paint on the surface of the sample;
step two, cyclic quenching: putting the alloy into a furnace for cyclic quenching treatment to enable alloy elements to be in solid solution and most of carbide to be dissolved, enabling the alloy elements to be dissolved in crystal lattices, fixing the distribution of the alloy elements by quenching, eliminating precipitated phases and segregation in the alloy material, enabling the distribution of the alloy elements to be more uniform, and improving the strength and plasticity of the alloy material;
step three, sample cold treatment: cooling the sample obtained in the second step in liquid nitrogen for 1 hour, and then taking out the sample and recovering the sample to room temperature in a natural environment;
step four, tempering treatment: and thirdly, tempering the sample treated in the third step.
2. The heat treatment process of austenitic grain and martensitic lath structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the high-temperature oxidation resistant paint is 1-2m m, and the thickness is preferably 1m m when the paint is smeared before each quenching.
3. The heat treatment process of austenitic grain and martensitic lath structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the acid washing solvent in the first step is as follows: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, or a mixed acid thereof.
4. The heat treatment process of austenitic grain and martensitic lath structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cyclic quenching treatment temperature is 980-1060 ℃, 3-4 quenching temperatures are selected from high to low in sequence, the quenching temperature span of two adjacent selected quenching temperatures is 10-20 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3-5 min at each temperature.
5. The heat treatment process of austenitic grain and martensitic lath structure according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the cyclic quenching treatment is divided into two sections, the first section is quick quenching, the high-temperature sample is placed in polyacrylamide quenching liquid for quenching until the surface temperature of the workpiece is lower than 120 ℃, the second section is quenching, the sample is placed in inert gas environment for cooling, and the inert gas is preferably nitrogen.
6. The heat treatment process of austenite grain and martensite lath structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: the concentration of the polyacrylamide quenching liquid is 10.5-12.5%.
7. The heat treatment process of austenitic grain and martensitic lath structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step four, tempering treatment, namely, preserving the temperature of the sample at 4800-540 ℃ for 3 hours, and taking out and air-cooling.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311203448.9A CN117210659A (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | Heat treatment process for austenitic grain and martensitic lath structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311203448.9A CN117210659A (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | Heat treatment process for austenitic grain and martensitic lath structure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN117210659A true CN117210659A (en) | 2023-12-12 |
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| CN202311203448.9A Pending CN117210659A (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | Heat treatment process for austenitic grain and martensitic lath structure |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117210659A (en) |
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- 2023-09-18 CN CN202311203448.9A patent/CN117210659A/en active Pending
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