CN117199426A - High-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system integrated with heat exchanger - Google Patents

High-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system integrated with heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117199426A
CN117199426A CN202311334327.8A CN202311334327A CN117199426A CN 117199426 A CN117199426 A CN 117199426A CN 202311334327 A CN202311334327 A CN 202311334327A CN 117199426 A CN117199426 A CN 117199426A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
heat exchanger
ejector
circulation system
injector
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Pending
Application number
CN202311334327.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
洪坡
明平文
郑伟波
张存满
李冰
杨代军
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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Priority to CN202311334327.8A priority Critical patent/CN117199426A/en
Publication of CN117199426A publication Critical patent/CN117199426A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The application relates to a high-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system integrated with a heat exchanger, which comprises an injection hydrogen ejector, the heat exchanger and a hydrogen circulation loop which are sequentially communicated; the hydrogen circulation loop comprises an ejector, a galvanic pile hydrogen containing cavity and a gas-liquid separator which are sequentially and circularly communicated; the ejector is communicated with the heat exchanger; the hydrogen supply circulation system further comprises a bypass hydrogen injector; and after the heat exchange of the heat exchanger, the hydrogen emitted by the bypass hydrogen ejector and the hydrogen emitted by the ejector are converged to a hydrogen supply manifold arranged on the hydrogen accommodating cavity of the electric pile, and a hydrogen pressure sensor for entering the pile is arranged at the converged position. Compared with the prior art, the heat exchange process of the hydrogen at the downstream of the hydrogen injector and the cooling liquid of the hydrogen fuel cell system occurs in the hydrogen plate type heat exchanger, and the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage cylinder and flowing through the hydrogen injector mainly depends on the ambient temperature, so that the hydrogen injector is not in a high-temperature state for a long time, and the reliability of the hydrogen injector is effectively ensured.

Description

High-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system integrated with heat exchanger
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular to a high-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system integrated with a heat exchanger.
Background
The hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell is widely applied to the transportation field, in particular to buses, logistics vehicles, heavy trucks and the like due to the advantages of high efficiency, no pollution, low operating temperature, low noise and the like. In the field of transportation, a hydrogen fuel cell system must be able to operate stably within an ambient temperature range of-30 ℃ to 60 ℃, and at this stage, hydrogen gas of the hydrogen fuel cell system comes from gaseous hydrogen stored in a hydrogen storage cylinder, and the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage cylinder mainly depends on the ambient temperature.
When the ambient temperature is very low, low-temperature gaseous hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage bottle enters the hydrogen accommodating cavity of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen supply circulation system of the hydrogen fuel cell system, in the process of mixing with high-temperature and high-humidity hydrogen in the hydrogen accommodating cavity of the fuel cell stack, the process of balancing the hydrogen temperature is necessarily carried out, the temperature of the balanced hydrogen is necessarily lower than the temperature of the high-temperature and high-humidity hydrogen in the hydrogen accommodating cavity of the fuel cell stack, the process of liquid water condensation in the high-temperature and high-humidity hydrogen in the hydrogen accommodating cavity of the fuel cell stack is necessarily caused, and the condensed liquid water enters the hydrogen accommodating cavity of the fuel cell stack, so that the output performance of the fuel cell stack is easily reduced.
In the prior art, a hydrogen plate heat exchanger is arranged at the upstream of a hydrogen supply circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell system, and the heat exchange process of cooling liquid of the hydrogen fuel cell system and gaseous hydrogen stored by a hydrogen storage system is realized by utilizing the hydrogen plate heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen stored by the hydrogen storage system after heat exchange is as close as possible to the temperature of high-temperature and high-humidity hydrogen in a hydrogen accommodating cavity of a fuel cell stack. However, the hydrogen injector in the hydrogen supply circulation system must bear the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage system after heat exchange, and at this time, the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen is very high, so that the hydrogen injector is very tested, the reliability of the hydrogen injector is reduced, and potential safety hazards are easily caused. In addition, the hydrogen plate heat exchanger is arranged in front of the hydrogen injector, the heat exchanger is an independent component relative to the hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen injector and the heat exchanger are both independently developed components, and the sealing and insulating requirements need to be solved by independent development.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present application is to provide a highly reliable hydrogen supply circulation system for an integrated plate heat exchanger in order to overcome at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art described above. The device can reduce the proportion of condensed liquid water in the process of mixing low-temperature gaseous hydrogen and high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen in the hydrogen accommodating cavity of the fuel cell stack.
Compared with the prior art, only the hydrogen at the downstream of the hydrogen injector and the cooling liquid of the hydrogen fuel cell system generate a heat exchange process in the hydrogen plate type heat exchanger, and the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage cylinder and flowing through the hydrogen injector mainly depends on the ambient temperature, so that the hydrogen injector is not in a high-temperature state for a long time, and the reliability of the hydrogen injector can be effectively ensured. In addition, the hydrogen plate heat exchanger is arranged at the rear end of the hydrogen injector, so that the integrated type technical scheme of the hydrogen injector and the heat exchanger can be provided, the problem that two parts are required to be improved in materials and processing technology in sealing and insulation is solved, and independent parts are not needed.
The aim of the application can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the high-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system integrated with the heat exchanger comprises an injection hydrogen ejector, the heat exchanger and a hydrogen circulation loop which are sequentially communicated according to the flow direction of hydrogen;
the hydrogen circulation loop comprises an ejector, a galvanic pile hydrogen containing cavity and a gas-liquid separator which are sequentially and circularly communicated; the ejector is communicated with the heat exchanger;
the hydrogen supply circulation system further comprises a bypass hydrogen injector; and after the heat exchange of the heat exchanger, the hydrogen emitted by the bypass hydrogen ejector and the hydrogen emitted by the ejector are converged to a hydrogen supply manifold arranged on the hydrogen accommodating cavity of the electric pile, and a hydrogen pressure sensor for entering the pile is arranged at the converged position.
Further, the hydrogen supply circulation system is also provided with a high-pressure air source inlet pipeline, the high-pressure hydrogen flowing in through the high-pressure air source inlet pipeline is divided into two paths, one path of the high-pressure hydrogen enters the injection hydrogen ejector, and the other path of the high-pressure hydrogen enters the bypass hydrogen ejector.
Further, the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger; the plate heat exchanger is provided with an injection hydrogen cavity and a bypass hydrogen cavity which are physically separated, and a cooling liquid flow passage for exchanging heat with the two cavities.
More specifically, in the application, hydrogen from a high-pressure gas source enters the injection hydrogen injector and the bypass hydrogen injector through pipelines, and a hydrogen injector inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the injection hydrogen injector inlet and is used for measuring the pressure of the hydrogen from the high-pressure manifold. On the one hand, high-pressure hydrogen can enter a first heat exchange cavity of the hydrogen plate heat exchanger through the injection hydrogen injector, namely the injection hydrogen cavity, so that the heat exchange process between the cooling liquid of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the hydrogen entering the first heat exchange cavity of the hydrogen plate heat exchanger through the injection hydrogen injector is realized, the hydrogen after heat exchange flows out of the first heat exchange cavity of the hydrogen plate heat exchanger and enters the injector high-pressure cavity, and the injector high-pressure cavity is provided with an injector high-pressure cavity pressure sensor for measuring the hydrogen pressure of the injector high-pressure cavity. And after the ejector return port gas is converged with the hydrogen ejected by the ejector high-pressure cavity, the hydrogen flows out through the ejector outlet and enters the hydrogen supply manifold inlet of the fuel cell stack hydrogen containing cavity. On the other hand, the high-pressure hydrogen can enter the second heat exchange cavity of the hydrogen plate heat exchanger through the bypass hydrogen ejector, namely the bypass hydrogen cavity, so that the heat exchange process between the cooling liquid of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the hydrogen entering the second heat exchange cavity of the hydrogen plate heat exchanger through the ejector hydrogen ejector is realized, and the hydrogen after heat exchange flows out of the second heat exchange cavity of the hydrogen plate heat exchanger and is converged with the gas flowing out through the ejector outlet to enter the hydrogen supply manifold inlet of the hydrogen accommodating cavity of the fuel cell stack.
In the application, a hydrogen flow passage of a first heat exchange cavity and a hydrogen flow passage of a second heat exchange cavity of the hydrogen plate heat exchanger are physically separated, and a cooling liquid flow passage of the first heat exchange cavity and a cooling liquid flow passage of the second heat exchange cavity of the hydrogen plate heat exchanger are communicated.
In the application, a stack hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of a hydrogen supply manifold of a hydrogen accommodating cavity of a fuel cell stack and is used for measuring the gas pressure of the inlet of the hydrogen supply manifold of the hydrogen accommodating cavity of the fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack hydrogen gas holding cavity is positioned inside the fuel cell package. The gas entering the hydrogen accommodating cavity of the fuel cell stack through the inlet of the hydrogen supply manifold is subjected to the processes of hydrogen consumption, nitrogen permeation, liquid water and water vapor carrying, and then is discharged from the outlet of the hydrogen discharge manifold of the hydrogen accommodating cavity of the fuel cell stack and enters the gas-liquid separator. Part of liquid water in the gas-liquid separator is separated from gas and accumulated at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator, and the gas flowing through the gas-liquid separator enters the reflux port of the ejector, so that the circulation process that the gas at the reflux port of the ejector and the hydrogen ejected by the high-pressure cavity of the ejector are recombined is realized. The ejector reflux port is provided with an ejector reflux port pressure sensor for measuring the gas pressure of the ejector reflux port.
Further, considering fuel cell stack coolant insulation requirements, the plate heat exchanger housing is coated with an insulating plastic coating.
Further, considering the fuel cell stack cooling liquid insulation requirement, the metal heat exchange fins of the plate heat exchanger are inlaid into the interior of the plastic shell of the plate heat exchanger.
Further, the injection hydrogen ejector and the bypass hydrogen ejector are electric control switch valves or electric control proportional valves.
Further, the gas-liquid separator is provided with a tail valve positioned below the gas-liquid separator.
Further, the tail valve is an electric control type switch valve and can be periodically switched according to the control requirement of the hydrogen fuel cell system. When the tail discharge valve is in an open and conducting state, liquid water in the gas-liquid separator and gas in the hydrogen gas containing cavity of the fuel cell stack can flow out through the tail discharge valve. When the tail valve is in the off state, any medium is not likely to flow out through the tail valve.
Further, a plurality of pressure sensors, temperature sensors, liquid level sensors and humidity sensors are arranged in the hydrogen gas supply circulation system. More specifically, in the application, a hydrogen injector inlet pressure sensor, an injector high-pressure cavity pressure sensor and an injector backflow port pressure sensor can be arranged according to actual needs, and other sensors (such as a temperature sensor, a liquid level sensor, a humidity sensor and the like) can also be arranged in the hydrogen supply circulation system of the hydrogen fuel cell according to design needs.
Further, a safety valve and an exhaust valve are arranged in the hydrogen gas supply circulation system. More specifically, the hydrogen supply circulation system of the present application is provided with an actuator which can be appropriately adjusted according to the design requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell system, such as the addition of a relief valve, an exhaust valve, etc., but does not include the addition of a hydrogen circulation pump at all.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) In the application, only the hydrogen at the downstream of the hydrogen injector and the cooling liquid of the hydrogen fuel cell system generate a heat exchange process in the hydrogen plate type heat exchanger, and the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen injector and stored in the hydrogen storage cylinder mainly depends on the ambient temperature, so that the hydrogen injector is not in a high-temperature state for a long time, and the reliability of the hydrogen injector can be effectively ensured.
(2) The application provides an integrated type integrated development technical scheme of a hydrogen injector and a heat exchanger, which can solve the problems that two parts are required to be sealed and insulated, and the improvement of a processing technology is required, and the hydrogen injector and the heat exchanger are prevented from being independently developed to meet the sealing and insulating requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a high reliability hydrogen supply circulation system incorporating a heat exchanger in an embodiment;
the reference numerals in the figures indicate:
1-injecting a hydrogen injector; 2-by-pass hydrogen injector; 3-heat exchanger; 4-an ejector; 5-a fuel cell package; 6-a hydrogen gas accommodating cavity of the electric pile; 7-a gas-liquid separator; 8-tail valve;
a-a high-pressure air source; p1-a hydrogen pressure sensor; p2-ejector high-pressure cavity pressure sensor; p3-an ejector reflux port pressure sensor; P4-Hydrogen injector inlet pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The application will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present application, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are provided, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 in detail, a highly reliable hydrogen supply circulation system integrated with a heat exchanger includes an ejector hydrogen ejector 1, a heat exchanger 3 and a hydrogen circulation loop which are sequentially communicated according to the hydrogen flow direction (i.e. ash line in fig. 1); the hydrogen circulation loop comprises an ejector 4, a galvanic pile hydrogen containing cavity 6 and a gas-liquid separator 7 which are sequentially and circularly communicated; the ejector 4 is communicated with the heat exchanger 3;
the hydrogen supply circulation system further includes a bypass hydrogen injector 2; after heat exchange is carried out on the hydrogen emitted by the bypass hydrogen ejector 2 through the heat exchanger 3, the hydrogen and the hydrogen emitted by the ejector 4 are converged to a hydrogen supply manifold arranged on the hydrogen accommodating cavity 6 of the electric pile, and a hydrogen pressure sensor P1 for entering the pile is arranged at the converged position.
The hydrogen supply circulation system is also provided with a high-pressure air source inlet pipeline, the high-pressure hydrogen flowing in through the high-pressure air source inlet pipeline is divided into two paths, one path of the high-pressure hydrogen enters the injection hydrogen injector 1, and the other path of the high-pressure hydrogen enters the bypass hydrogen injector 2.
In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 3 is a plate heat exchanger; the plate heat exchanger is provided with an injection hydrogen cavity and a bypass hydrogen cavity which are physically separated, and a cooling liquid flow passage for exchanging heat with the two cavities.
In this embodiment, hydrogen from the high-pressure gas source a enters the injection hydrogen injector 1 and the bypass hydrogen injector 2 through the pipeline, and a hydrogen injector inlet pressure sensor P4 is disposed at the inlet of the injection hydrogen injector 1 for measuring the pressure of the hydrogen from the high-pressure manifold. On the one hand, the high-pressure hydrogen can enter the first heat exchange cavity of the heat exchanger 3 through the injection hydrogen injector 1, namely the injection hydrogen cavity, so that the heat exchange process between the cooling liquid (the flowing direction of the cooling liquid is the black line in fig. 1) of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the hydrogen entering the first heat exchange cavity of the heat exchanger 3 through the injection hydrogen injector 1 is realized, the hydrogen after heat exchange flows out of the first heat exchange cavity of the heat exchanger 3 and enters the injector high-pressure cavity, and the injector high-pressure cavity is provided with an injector high-pressure cavity pressure sensor P2 for measuring the hydrogen pressure of the injector high-pressure cavity. After the ejector return port gas is converged with the hydrogen ejected by the ejector high-pressure cavity, the hydrogen flows out through the ejector outlet and enters the hydrogen supply manifold inlet of the pile hydrogen containing cavity 6. On the other hand, the high-pressure hydrogen can enter the second heat exchange cavity of the heat exchanger 3 through the bypass hydrogen injector 2, namely the bypass hydrogen cavity, so that the heat exchange process between the cooling liquid of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the hydrogen entering the second heat exchange cavity of the heat exchanger 3 through the injection hydrogen injector is realized, the hydrogen after heat exchange flows out of the second heat exchange cavity of the heat exchanger 3 and is converged with the gas flowing out through the outlet of the injector to enter the hydrogen supply manifold inlet of the hydrogen accommodating cavity 6 of the electric pile.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen flow passage of the first heat exchange cavity and the hydrogen flow passage of the second heat exchange cavity of the heat exchanger 3 are physically separated, and the cooling liquid flow passage of the first heat exchange cavity and the cooling liquid flow passage of the second heat exchange cavity of the hydrogen plate heat exchanger are communicated.
In this embodiment, a stack hydrogen pressure sensor P1 is disposed at the inlet of the hydrogen supply manifold of the hydrogen chamber of the fuel cell stack for measuring the gas pressure at the inlet of the hydrogen supply manifold of the hydrogen chamber of the fuel cell stack. The stack hydrogen gas accommodating chamber 6 is located inside the fuel cell package 5. The gas entering the stack hydrogen plenum 6 through the hydrogen supply manifold inlet undergoes the processes of hydrogen consumption, nitrogen permeation, carrying liquid water and water vapor, and is subsequently discharged from the hydrogen discharge manifold outlet of the stack hydrogen plenum 6 into the gas-liquid separator 7. Part of liquid water in the gas-liquid separator 7 is separated from gas and accumulated at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator 7, and the gas flowing through the gas-liquid separator 7 enters the ejector reflux port, so that the circulation process that the gas at the ejector reflux port and the hydrogen ejected by the ejector high-pressure cavity are recombined is realized. The ejector reflux port is provided with an ejector reflux port pressure sensor P3 for measuring the gas pressure of the ejector reflux port.
In this embodiment, considering the fuel cell stack coolant insulation requirements, the plate heat exchanger housing is coated with an insulating plastic coating and/or the metal heat exchange fins of the plate heat exchanger are inlaid into the interior of the plate heat exchanger plastic housing.
In this embodiment, the injection hydrogen injector 1 and the bypass hydrogen injector 2 are electrically controlled on-off valves or electrically controlled proportional valves.
In this embodiment, the gas-liquid separator 7 is provided with a tail valve 8 located therebelow. The tail valve 8 is an electrically controlled switch valve, which can be periodically switched according to the control requirement of the hydrogen fuel cell system. When the tail valve 8 is in an open and conducting state, liquid water in the gas-liquid separator 7 and gas in the hydrogen gas containing cavity of the fuel cell stack can flow out through the tail valve 7. When the tail valve 7 is in the off state, any medium is not likely to flow out through the tail valve 7.
In this embodiment, only the hydrogen gas downstream of the hydrogen gas injector and the coolant of the hydrogen fuel cell system undergo a heat exchange process in the heat exchanger 3, and the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen gas flowing through the hydrogen gas injector from the hydrogen storage cylinder is mainly dependent on the ambient temperature, so that the hydrogen gas injector is not in a high temperature state for a long time, and the reliability of the hydrogen gas injector can be effectively ensured. In addition, the heat exchanger 3 is arranged at the rear end of the hydrogen injector in the embodiment, so that the embodiment can provide an integrated development type technical scheme of the hydrogen injector and the heat exchanger, the improvement that two component materials and processing technology are needed for sealing and insulation is solved, and independent components are not needed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the application in any way, and any person skilled in the art may make modifications or alterations to the disclosed technical content to the equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modification, equivalent variation and variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present application still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The high-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system integrated with the heat exchanger is characterized by comprising an injection hydrogen ejector (1), a heat exchanger (3) and a hydrogen circulation loop which are sequentially communicated according to the flow direction of hydrogen;
the hydrogen circulation loop comprises an ejector (4), a pile hydrogen containing cavity (6) and a gas-liquid separator (7) which are sequentially and circularly communicated; the ejector (4) is communicated with the heat exchanger (3);
the hydrogen supply circulation system further comprises a bypass hydrogen injector (2); after the heat exchange of the heat exchanger (3), the hydrogen emitted by the bypass hydrogen ejector (2) and the hydrogen emitted by the ejector (4) are converged to a hydrogen supply manifold arranged on the hydrogen accommodating cavity (6) of the electric pile, and a hydrogen pressure sensor (P1) for entering the pile is arranged at the converged position.
2. The high-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system of the integrated heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen supply circulation system is further provided with a high-pressure gas source inlet pipeline, the high-pressure hydrogen flowing in through the high-pressure gas source inlet pipeline is divided into two paths, one path is fed into the injection hydrogen ejector (1), and the other path is fed into the bypass hydrogen ejector (2).
3. A highly reliable hydrogen supply circulation system integrating heat exchangers according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger (3) is a plate heat exchanger; the plate heat exchanger is provided with an injection hydrogen flow passage and a bypass hydrogen flow passage which are physically separated, and a cooling liquid flow passage for exchanging heat with the two.
4. A highly reliable hydrogen supply circulation system for integrated heat exchangers according to claim 3, wherein said plate heat exchanger housing is coated with an insulating plastic coating.
5. A highly reliable hydrogen supply circulation system for integrated heat exchangers according to claim 3, wherein the metal heat exchange fins of the plate heat exchanger are embedded inside the plastic shell of the plate heat exchanger.
6. The high-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system of the integrated heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the injection hydrogen injector (1) and the bypass hydrogen injector (2) are electric control switch valves or electric control proportional valves.
7. A highly reliable hydrogen supply circulation system for integrated heat exchangers according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-liquid separator (7) is provided with a tail valve (8) located thereunder.
8. The high reliability hydrogen supply circulation system of an integrated heat exchanger according to claim 7, wherein said tail gate valve (8) is an electronically controlled on-off valve.
9. The heat exchanger-integrated highly reliable hydrogen supply circulation system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of pressure sensors, temperature sensors, liquid level sensors, humidity sensors are also provided in the hydrogen supply circulation system.
10. The high-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system of the integrated heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein a safety valve and an exhaust valve are further arranged in the hydrogen supply circulation system.
CN202311334327.8A 2023-10-16 2023-10-16 High-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system integrated with heat exchanger Pending CN117199426A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311334327.8A CN117199426A (en) 2023-10-16 2023-10-16 High-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system integrated with heat exchanger

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311334327.8A CN117199426A (en) 2023-10-16 2023-10-16 High-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system integrated with heat exchanger

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117199426A true CN117199426A (en) 2023-12-08

Family

ID=88990686

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202311334327.8A Pending CN117199426A (en) 2023-10-16 2023-10-16 High-reliability hydrogen supply circulation system integrated with heat exchanger

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN117199426A (en)

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