CN117198143A - Multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test model device and test method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test model device and a test method, wherein the device comprises a model test box, a movable bottom plate, a movable back plate, an anti-skid device, a loading counterforce device, a monitoring device and a rainfall simulation device, wherein the movable bottom plate and the movable back plate are respectively arranged at the bottom and the back in the model test box to form a soil filling space of a model slope together with two side plates; filling in the filling space to form a model slope, and burying pile foundations and monitoring devices according to the experimental type requirement during filling; a loading counterforce device is arranged on the model test box; starting a monitoring device and a loading counterforce device to perform a multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test; the invention has the advantages of simple and easy splicing, simple operation and repeated use, and can complete a plurality of groups of experiments with different types.

Description

Multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test model device and test method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of slope engineering and model test, and particularly relates to a multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test model device and a test method.

Background

In road engineering construction in mountainous areas, roads run between mountain and river valleys, a large number of side slopes are often generated by excavation, and the original vegetation cover layer is damaged by the excavation of the side slopes, so that a large number of secondary bare lands are generated, serious water and soil loss phenomenon is generated, and serious damage is caused to the ecological environment. Although the road construction promotes the traffic capacity of each region, the road construction is limited by geological conditions of each region and is added with rain wash, so that the stability of road side slopes is reduced, and a plurality of road engineering disaster accidents such as slope erosion, landslide, slope collapse and the like are generated, and the occurrence of the disaster accidents can cause great economic loss and is a potential threat to the life safety of people.

The method for the indoor model test can intuitively acquire the detection condition, intuitively monitor the soil strength, the water content, the slope stability and the like, has the advantages of simplicity in operation, multiple functions, repeatability in operation and the like, and has very important significance for researching the slope stability by adopting the relevant indoor model test.

In the conventional indoor model slope test, due to the fact that the indoor environment is greatly changed, the related factors are too many, the test results are difficult to reuse under different scenes and different conditions, universality is difficult to achieve, and due to the fact that a large amount of data and scene simulation are required to be collected, the test cost is generally high, and the time and resources are high.

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a simple and reliable multifunctional multi-dimensional experimental model device, the model device is provided with loading jacks at a plurality of positions, the situation that a side slope bears a load can be analyzed, the device is further provided with a slope adjusting function, the slope can be changed, experimental conditions can be changed conveniently and then the device can be reused, the device is provided with a rainfall simulation device, the situation that the side slope is eroded by rain water can be simulated, experiments such as side slope erosion and side slope protection can be simulated, the device can be provided with retaining walls and slide piles, the retaining wall experiments and slide pile experiments of the side slope can be respectively completed, meanwhile, the device utilizes distributed optical fibers to collect monitoring data, the transmission speed is high, the anti-interference capability is strong, the devices play roles together, and the comprehensive analysis of the stability of the side slope is realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at solving the technical problems, and designs a multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test model device which can finish various different slope tests, wherein loading jacks are arranged in various directions of the model test box, so that the model test box can effectively simulate stress and strain conditions of roadbed slope soil bodies under different working conditions when the roadbed slope soil bodies are loaded, a movable bottom plate is arranged, slope gradient can be changed through jack loading, multiple groups of different loading tests can be repeatedly finished, meanwhile, a rainfall simulation device is configured, stability change conditions of the slope under rainfall conditions can be simulated, tests such as slope erosion and slope protection can be simulated, retaining wall experiments and anti-slide pile experiments of the slope can be respectively finished, in addition, pile foundations can be arranged in the slope soil bodies, the pile foundation tests can be finished by the device, more convenient and reliable distributed optical fiber sensors are arranged for monitoring the soil body data and deformation conditions, the experiment device can realize flexible adjustment of load application positions, and multiple samples can be produced. The invention can complete the indoor model test, is convenient to operate, has higher reduction degree and improves the accuracy of the indoor model test.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a multi-functional multi-dimensional slope test model device comprising:

the model test box is a box body structure with an open single side surface and an open top, wherein the box body structure is formed by a fixed bottom plate, two side plates and a fixed back plate;

one end of the movable bottom plate is arranged in the model test box through a first rotating pair, is close to the bottom of the open side surface, and is supported at the bottom in the model test box through a lifting mechanism at a position far away from the first rotating pair;

the top of the movable backboard is arranged on a fixed backboard in the model test box through a second revolute pair, and a position far away from the second revolute pair is arranged on the fixed backboard through a horizontal telescopic mechanism;

the anti-slip device is arranged at the opening side of the model test box, forms a soil filling space for forming a model side slope together with the movable bottom plate, the movable back plate and the two side plates, and can adjust the gradient of the model side slope or simulate vibration by rotating the movable bottom plate and the movable back plate around each group of revolute pairs;

the loading counter-force device is arranged on the model test box and is used for providing loading force in the direction of the stump for the model side slope;

and the monitoring device is arranged in the soil filling space and is used for monitoring parameters of the model side slope.

Further, the slope test model device also comprises a rainfall simulation device, wherein the rainfall simulation device comprises a plurality of rainfall spray heads arranged on the model test box and drainage grooves which are arranged on the fixed bottom plate and close to the open side surfaces; the rainfall spray head is connected with a water source.

Further, the model slope comprises a test soil body filled in the filling space and a pile foundation buried in the test soil body.

Further, at least one side plate of the model test box is made of transparent materials or is provided with an observation window made of transparent materials.

Further, the lifting mechanism is a plurality of rows of loading jacks arranged between the movable bottom plate and the fixed bottom plate.

Further, the telescopic mechanism is a plurality of rows of loading jacks arranged between the movable backboard and the fixed backboard.

Further, the anti-skid device comprises a model anti-skid pile and a model retaining wall, wherein the model anti-skid pile and/or the model retaining wall are/is detachably arranged on a fixed bottom plate of an open side face of the model test box to form a retaining structure of a model slope.

Further, the loading reaction force device includes:

the counterforce beam is slidably arranged in the model test box;

and the loading jack is arranged at the bottom of the counter-force beam and used for loading the model slope below the counter-force beam.

Further, the reaction beam is installed on the model test box through a sliding guide mechanism, the sliding guide mechanism comprises a guide rail arranged on the model test box, a sliding block arranged on the guide rail and a locking mechanism for fixing the relative positions of the guide rail and the sliding block, and the reaction beam is fixed on the sliding block.

On the other hand, the invention also provides a multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test method, which adopts the slope test model device and comprises the following steps:

building a model test box;

rotating the movable bottom plate and the movable back plate to a required angle, and installing an anti-skid device to form a soil filling space;

selecting soil required by an experiment, filling the soil in a soil filling space to form a model slope, and burying a pile foundation and a monitoring device during filling according to the requirement of an experiment type;

a loading counterforce device is arranged on the model test box;

starting a monitoring device and a loading counterforce device, performing a slope test, and starting a rainfall simulation device according to the test type; the slope test comprises a roadbed body loading simulation test, a slope landslide simulation test, a pile foundation test, an anti-slip device test, a slope erosion simulation test and a slope protection simulation test.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) The model test device is simple to splice, easy to operate, and capable of being repeatedly used, and multiple groups of experiments of different types are completed.

(2) The real use scene of the side slope is simulated by constructing the experimental model device, so that the problem that the accuracy of the test result is affected due to undersize of the model is avoided.

(3) The model device can simulate the change condition of the bearing load of the side slope, and simulate various different types of side slope tests such as a slide-resistant pile test, a retaining wall test, a pile foundation test, a side slope landslide test, a side slope erosion test, a side slope protection test and the like.

(4) The slope angle can be adjusted to simulate the condition of slope stability under different slopes.

(5) The rainfall simulation device is arranged, and the magnitude and the position of rainfall can be changed.

(6) The distributed optical fiber sensor is used for realizing real-time monitoring, and has excellent anti-interference performance, so that the monitoring reliability is improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test model device.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a side panel of the slope test modeling apparatus with a transparent window removed.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a loading counterforce device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a graduated loading jack in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a simulated side slope in an embodiment of the invention.

In the figure: the device comprises a side plate, a 2-fixed back plate, a 3-fixed bottom plate, a 4-observation window, a 5-model side slope, a 6-pile foundation, a 7-guide rail, an 8-counterforce beam, a 9-top loading jack, a 10-movable bottom plate, a 11-movable back plate, a 12-lower side loading jack, a 13-rear side loading jack, a 14-loading head, a 15-jack scale, a 16-model slide-resistant pile, a 17-model retaining wall, a 18-distributed optical fiber sensor, a 19-water tank, a 20-rainfall nozzle, a 21-water pipe, a 22-drainage tank, a 23-embankment soil layer, a 24-soft soil foundation, a 25-basic foundation, a 24-first rotating pair, a 25-second rotating pair, a 26-sliding block, a 27-first fixed hole and a 28-second fixed hole.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test model device, comprising:

the model test box is a box body structure with an open single side surface and an open top, wherein the box body structure is formed by a fixed bottom plate 3, two side plates 1 and a fixed back plate 2;

one end of the movable bottom plate 10 is arranged in the model test box near the bottom of the open side through a first rotating pair 24, and the position far away from the first rotating pair 24 is supported at the bottom in the model test box through a lifting mechanism;

the top of the movable backboard 11 is arranged on the fixed backboard 2 in the model test box through a second revolute pair 25, and a position far away from the second revolute pair 25 is arranged on the fixed backboard 2 through a horizontal telescopic mechanism;

the anti-slip device is arranged at the opening side of the model test box, forms a soil filling space for forming the model side slope 5 together with the movable bottom plate 10, the movable back plate 11 and the two side plates 1, and can adjust the gradient of the model side slope 5 or simulate vibration by rotating the movable bottom plate 10 and the movable back plate 11 around each group of revolute pairs;

the loading counter-force device is arranged on the model test box and is used for providing loading force in the direction of the stump for the model side slope 5;

the monitoring device is arranged in the filling space and is used for monitoring parameters of the model slope 5.

According to the invention, by arranging the movable bottom plate 10 and the movable back plate 11 to be combined, the gradient of the model side slope 5 can be designed, and the on-line real-time adjustment can be realized, so that the multifunctional side slope test can be performed. According to the invention, the monitoring device is arranged to monitor the slope parameters of the model slope 5, and the slope damage simulation experiment under the external force loading environment can be simulated by matching with the loading counter-force device; according to the invention, by arranging the anti-skid device, various slope protection can be simulated, and the slope protection performance is tested, so that a multi-functional and multi-dimensional slope simulation test is realized. The loading counterforce device can apply vertical downward acting force to the slope soil body, so that slope change conditions under the conditions of different positions and different loads can be simulated, and the loading counterforce device can help to complete multiple experiments, such as roadbed loading experiments, slope loading experiments, pile foundation experiments and the like.

As an improved embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the invention can also be provided with a rainfall simulation device for simulating a side slope test in a rainfall environment; the rainfall simulation device comprises a plurality of rainfall spray heads 20 arranged on the model test box and a drainage groove 22 which is arranged on the fixed bottom plate 3 and is close to the open side; the rain spray 20 is connected to a water source. Illustratively, the water source includes a water tank 19 and a water pump (not shown in fig. 1), the rain spray 20 is mounted on top of the fixed back plate 2 in a row, the rain spray 20 is connected to an outlet of the water pump through a water pipe 21, and an inlet of the water pump is connected to an outlet of the water tank 19. Illustratively, the drainage channels 22 are open at both ends and extend to the outside of the model test box, so that the drainage channels 22 collect and drain directly to the outside of the model test box on the slope. In order to adjust the rainfall, a valve may be further disposed on the rainfall nozzle 20 to control the rainfall.

The invention also provides a multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test method, which adopts the slope test model device and comprises the following steps:

step 1, building a model test box;

step 2, rotating the movable bottom plate 10 and the movable back plate 11 to a required angle, and installing an anti-skid device to form a soil filling space;

step 3, selecting soil required by an experiment, filling the soil in a soil filling space to form a model slope 5, and burying a pile foundation 6 and a monitoring device during filling according to the requirement of an experiment type;

step 4, installing a loading counterforce device on the model test box;

step 5, starting the monitoring device and loading the counterforce device, performing a slope test, and starting the rainfall simulation device according to the test type; the slope test comprises a roadbed body loading simulation test, a slope landslide simulation test, a pile foundation test, an anti-slip device test, a slope erosion simulation test and a slope protection simulation test.

As an improved embodiment, the model test box is made of steel plates or engineering plastics, has high strength and high durability, has higher impact resistance and can ensure the stability of the whole device.

As an improved embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, at least one side plate 1 of the model test box is made of transparent material or is provided with a viewing window 4 made of transparent material; the method is convenient for directly observing the implementation dynamic change of the model slope, and missing particles can be added into the model slope to observe the change.

The transparent material is transparent organic glass, has high strength and good observability, and can clearly observe various experimental processes and results in the whole device.

As an improved embodiment, in order to facilitate the installation of the loading counterforce device, as shown in fig. 1, a side plate 1 with an observation window 4 is made of steel, an organic glass is embedded in the middle part of the side plate to serve as the observation window 4, and the steel skeleton is used for installing the loading counterforce device and is also provided with the observation window 4 under the condition of ensuring the loading acting force intensity.

As an improved embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the model side slope 5 comprises a test soil body filled in the soil filling space and a pile foundation 6 buried in the test soil body; the test soil body is taken from the soil body in a real engineering side slope, the pile foundation 6 is an analog pile foundation, and the test soil body consists of a bearing platform and four piles according to the pile foundation 6; the roadbed simulation experiment can be carried out by filling the test soil body only, and the simulation pile foundation can be set for carrying out the simulation pile foundation test.

As shown in fig. 2, the lifting mechanism is a plurality of rows of lower loading jacks 12 arranged between the movable bottom plate 10 and the fixed bottom plate 3, the lower loading jacks 12 are fixed on the fixed bottom plate 3, the top of each lower loading jack 12 is movably connected (not fixedly connected or hinged) with the movable bottom plate 10, so that the inclination angle of the movable bottom plate 10 can be changed in the jacking process of the lower loading jacks 12, and the lower loading jacks 12 only need to support the movable bottom plate 10, so that the lower loading jacks 12 do not need to be fixed between the movable bottom plate 10.

As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first rotating pair 24 is a rotating shaft, the lower loading jacks 12 serving as lifting mechanisms are provided with two rows, the arrangement direction of each row is parallel to the rotating shaft, and the two rows of lower loading jacks 12 can simultaneously press the movable bottom plate 10, so that the movable bottom plate 10 can rotate around the shaft, the angle can be adjusted, and the slope gradient can be changed.

As shown in fig. 2, the telescopic mechanism is a plurality of rows of rear loading jacks 13 arranged between the movable backplate 11 and the fixed backplate 2, the rear loading jacks 13 are fixed on the fixed backplate 2, and the free telescopic ends of the rear loading jacks 13 are movably connected (not fixedly connected or hinged) with the movable backplate 11, so that the inclination angle of the movable backplate 11 is changed in the process of extending the rear loading jacks 13.

The fixed backboard 2 and the fixed backboard 3 are provided with a plurality of loading jacks, besides the function of adjusting the slope, the loading jacks can also load the slope soil, the loading experiment is simulated, the front ends of the loading jacks are provided with loading heads 14, as shown in fig. 4, the loading heads are used for applying loads to all parts of the model, and the condition that the slope soil is loaded is simulated.

As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the second revolute pair 25 is a rotary shaft, and the rear loading jacks 13 are arranged in two rows, and each row is arranged in a direction parallel to the rotary shaft.

As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the anti-slip device comprises a model anti-slip pile 16 and a model retaining wall 17, wherein the model anti-slip pile 16 and/or the model retaining wall 17 are detachably mounted on a fixed bottom plate 3 of an open side of a model test box to form a retaining structure of a model side slope 5. The anti-slide device can resist the sliding of the side slope and bear the soil pressure, and the side slope stability is improved, wherein the model anti-slide piles 16 and the model retaining wall 17 are detachable, and can be replaced by anti-slide pile experiments simulated by the model anti-slide piles 16, or retaining wall experiments simulated by the model retaining wall 17.

As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the loading reaction force device includes:

a reaction beam 8 slidably mounted on the model test chamber;

the top loading jack 9 is arranged at the bottom of the counter-force beam 8 and is used for loading the model side slope 5 below the counter-force beam.

As a preferred embodiment, the counterforce beams 8 are transversely erected on the side plates 1 of the two model test boxes, so that the stability requirement is met, and the pressure can be applied to various places on the model side slopes.

As a preferred embodiment, the number of the top loading jacks 9 may be multiple, and the positions of the top loading jacks on the counter-force beam 8 may be adjusted, so as to adjust the loading points, and the mounting manner of the top loading jacks 9 and the counter-force beam 8 is not limited, and may be a sliding slot fit, or a plurality of mounting points (such as fixing holes) may be arranged on the counter-force beam 8, and the positions may be adjusted by selecting different mounting points.

As an improved embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the reaction beam 8 is mounted on the model test chamber through a sliding guide mechanism, the sliding guide mechanism comprises a guide rail 7 arranged on the model test chamber, a sliding block 26 arranged on the guide rail 7, and a locking mechanism for fixing the relative positions of the two, and the reaction beam 8 is fixed on the sliding block 26.

It should be noted that the locking mechanism is implemented in many ways, the present invention is not limited to a specific type, and as shown in fig. 3, for example, a row of first fixing holes 27 may be provided on the guide rail 7, and a second fixing hole 28 corresponding to the first fixing hole 27 may be provided on the slider 26, and by selecting the first fixing holes 27 and the second fixing holes 28 in different positions to cooperate and fasten with fasteners, the position adjustment and the firm fixation of the slider 26 on the guide rail 7 may be realized.

It should be noted that, all the loading jacks can adopt hydraulic jacks with displacement sensors and pressure sensors, and the loading force and the loading displacement of each hydraulic jack can be independently detected.

As an improved embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, each hydraulic jack installed in the model test chamber is provided with jack scales 15, each scale representing 100N force, and the applied force value can be measured more accurately, so that more accurate and reliable data can be obtained in the test. The adjustable range of the jack is large, and one jack can be independently loaded or one row of jacks can be loaded.

The top loading jack 9, the lower side loading jack 12 and the rear side loading jack 13 can work simultaneously, simulate displacement conditions and deformation characteristics of the soil body of the roadbed side slope and the pile foundation 6 under the condition of bearing loading in all directions, and realize analysis of soil body stability under different working conditions.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 2, the monitoring device includes a distributed optical fiber sensor 18, a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor, wherein the pressure sensor can be a pressure soil box, and is directly buried in the soil body of the model side slope to directly detect the soil body pressure; the displacement sensor can be a sedimentation sensor and is buried in the soil body of the model side slope for monitoring the soil body sedimentation. The distributed optical fiber sensor 18 comprises an optical fiber and a distributed optical fiber instrument, wherein the optical fiber is buried in the soil body of the model side slope in three layers in a serpentine wiring mode, and then is connected with the distributed optical fiber instrument for obtaining the results of strain, displacement monitoring and the like of the side slope rock-soil body, and can be mutually verified with the detection results of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor.

In addition, the invention also provides a plurality of test methods based on the slope test model device, which concretely comprise the following steps:

test 1: roadbed body loading simulation

The method comprises the following test steps:

1. preparation of experimental materials and tools

The model test box is built, and the model test box is placed on a flat ground, so that the weight of the fixed bottom plate 3 can be increased according to the situation, and the whole model test box is more stable. The proper experimental soil is selected, and the physical and mechanical properties of the experimental soil are similar to those of the soil used in actual engineering.

2. Building roadbed body

The required experimental soil is filled in layers from the upper part of the model test box, the filled soil is compacted according to proportion, meanwhile, the distributed optical fiber sensors 18 are buried, the fixed bottom plate 3 is taken as the foundation of the roadbed, and the model slope 5 is sequentially provided with a embankment soil layer 23, a soft soil foundation 24 and a foundation 25 from bottom to top as shown in fig. 5.

3. Opening detection equipment

A distributed optical fiber sensor 18 is arranged in the model side slope 5, is started, and a monitoring device is started at the same time to monitor the deformation and stress change of the roadbed model in the experimental process.

3. Jack loading

And simulating traffic load in actual engineering by using a top loading jack 9 above the model test box to vertically load the road base, judging the loading degree by using a strain sensor, gradually increasing the load, and recording monitoring data. And then the top loading jack 9 is changed in position to load, and the deformation condition of the slope body is observed. In addition, the rear loading jack 13 and the lower loading jack 12 can be used for loading, and deformation conditions of the slope soil body can be observed until the slope is damaged.

4. Analysis of experimental results

According to the monitored data, the load bearing performance of the road subgrade can be analyzed by analyzing the stress strain of the subgrade soil body and the displacement change conditions of different monitoring points under the loading conditions of the vertical load and the horizontal load, and the design of the subgrade is optimized by comparing the bearing conditions of the subgrade under different loads, so that the stability and the safety of the road are ensured.

And (2) testing II: slope landslide simulation

1. Preparation of experimental materials and tools

Collecting materials required by model construction, including model slope boxes, soil samples and the like, constructing a model experiment device, ensuring that the model experiment device has enough strength, bearing the weight of soil, determining proper slope topography, constructing the geometric shape and layer sequence of the slope by using the soil samples, and embedding the distributed optical fiber sensors 18 when filling the soil.

2. Rainfall simulation

And simulating rainfall by using a rainfall simulation device, controlling the rainfall through a valve, and applying a vertical load to the side slope while rainfall until the side slope collapses or slides. And recording time, rainfall and other data, and comparing the data with a vertical loading experiment when rainfall is not present, so that a control experiment can be formed. Through adjusting the rainfall, different types of rainfall, such as short-time heavy rainfall, continuous rainfall and the like, can be simulated, a plurality of groups of experiments with different types can be performed in the later operation, and the stability and deformation conditions of the slope under different rainfall are comprehensively analyzed.

3. Analysis of experimental results

And when the experiment is finished, recording the final form of the slope soil body under different experimental conditions, analyzing the monitored data and the recorded data, and comparing and analyzing with theoretical prediction data. By comparing the rainfall with the vertical loading experiment without rainfall, analyzing the time, the rainfall and other data and reading the jack scale 15, the influence of the rainfall on the stability of the slope can be obtained.

And (3) test III: pile foundation test

1. Preparation of experimental materials and tools

And (3) constructing a slope test model device, selecting proper soil according to actual engineering conditions, determining conditions such as slope and the like, filling the soil, burying distributed optical fiber sensors 18, constructing a model slope, and ensuring uniform and compact filling.

2. Installation pile foundation

The pile foundation 6 is installed by selecting proper positions and depths in the side slope soil body, and different types of pile foundations 6 can be selected for installation, such as reinforced concrete piles, wood piles, steel piles and the like, and meanwhile stability of the pile foundation 6 is ensured.

3. Applying a load

The side slope is loaded by using the top loading jack 9 on the reaction frame, and simultaneously, the side slope is loaded by using the lower side loading jack 12 and the rear side loading jack 13, so that the actual horizontal load, the vertical load and the combined load are simulated.

4. Recording experimental data

And the stability of different pile foundations 6 is analyzed according to the acquired data by monitoring the results of deformation of the side slope, displacement, stress and the like of the pile foundations 6 through optical fibers.

5. Changing gradient

Recording the initial gradient and other key dimensions of the slope soil body, adjusting the gradient of the slope by using the lower loading jack 12 and the rear loading jack 13 after a group of experiments are completed, and repeating the experimental steps to perform the experiments so as to complete the pile foundation test at different gradients. The obtained data are utilized to analyze the damage condition of the slopes with different slopes, and analyze the stability condition of the slopes with different slopes, so that pile foundations 6 with higher bearing capacity can be screened, and the slope with more stable slopes can be obtained.

And (3) testing four: retaining wall and slide-resistant pile experiment

1. Device for building slope test model

And determining the conditions such as the slope of the slope, the soil type and the like according to the actual engineering requirements, and constructing a slope test model device.

2. Mounting retaining wall

According to the concrete slope engineering requirement, the proper retaining wall type is selected, and reinforced concrete retaining wall or soil nailing wall and other types can be selected, and then the retaining wall type is installed on the fixed bottom plate 3 to form a model slope.

3. Installation slide-resistant pile

Meanwhile, one or more groups of anti-slide piles with different types and specifications can be selected for installation, friction piles and the like can be selected, the detachability of the slope test model device can be utilized, the installation of the retaining wall can be carried out simultaneously, and only the anti-slide piles can be installed, so that the retaining wall and the anti-slide piles are ensured to be stably installed, and the two effects on enhancing the slope stability are compared; after the anti-skid device is installed, the soil is filled and the distributed optical fiber sensor 18 is buried to form a model side slope.

4. Applying a load

The top loading jack 9 and the rear loading jack 13 are adopted for loading, gradually increasing load is applied, the soil pressure in the actual engineering is simulated, the effect of the anti-slide pile and the retaining wall against the side shift of the soil body is observed, and the displacement and stress conditions of the anti-slide pile and the retaining wall are recorded and monitored.

5. Data and result analysis

And (3) evaluating the stability of the retaining wall and the slide-resistant pile according to the observed result and the monitored data, and screening the reinforcement type and device with the most effective effect on the stability of the soil body of the side slope.

Test five: slope erosion simulation

1. Preparation of experimental materials and tools

And selecting proper side slope soil materials, ensuring uniform and stable soil particles, building a side slope test model device, preparing various soil samples, further simulating the influence of water flow erosion on side slopes with different soil properties, and embedding the distributed optical fiber sensors 18 when filling the soil to form a model side slope.

2. Simulated water flow

The rainfall sprinkler 20 is used for artificial rainfall to ensure that the water flow covers the whole slope surface, and the water flow size and strength are adjusted according to actual conditions to simulate the scouring of the water flow to the slope in a natural state.

3. Observing and recording data

In the experimental process, the water flow is observed to wash and erode the side slope, the deformation condition of the side slope is observed, the data in the experimental process are regularly measured and recorded by using a measuring tool, the experimental process comprises experimental time, water flow speed, side slope erosion depth, soil collapse condition and the like, and meanwhile, equipment such as a camera and the like can be used for shooting and recording the experimental process.

4. Conclusion analysis

The erosion degree of the side slope is preliminarily judged through the recorded experimental process, the erosion depth and soil loss condition of the side slope are analyzed through the measured and recorded data, the influence of water flow on the erosion effect of the side slope and the erosion effect of different soil types on the side slope can be further judged, meanwhile, multiple experiments can be repeatedly carried out, the erosion condition of the side slope under different experimental conditions is compared, and then relevant preventive or repairing measures are adopted for the side slope.

Test six: slope protection simulation

1. Preparation of experimental materials and tools

And (3) constructing a slope test model device, ensuring the stability of the slope test model device, selecting proper soil types to fill and pre-burying to form a distributed optical fiber sensor to form a model slope according to the requirement, and simultaneously selecting proper slope protection structures such as geogrids, slope protection nets and the like to install the slope test model device at a fixed position by using sandy soil or clay soil.

2. Setting experimental conditions

Conditions such as water flow speed and water flow direction are set, the angle of the slope is adjusted, and the actual slope and the topography condition are simulated.

3. Experiments were performed

And simulating rainfall, so that water flows down along the side slope to generate scouring and erosion effects, and simultaneously observing and recording the deformation and stability of the side slope protection structure, increasing or reducing the intensity of the simulated rainfall according to actual conditions, and simulating the capability of the side slope protection structure under different working conditions.

4. Analysis of experimental results

After a set of experiments are completed, the experiments are repeated again by adopting other slope protection structures, the slope protection effect generated by different slope protection structures is analyzed, meanwhile, the slope protection effect can be compared with the slope erosion experiment, the condition that the slope under the slope protection structure is eroded by water flow is analyzed, the design of the slope protection structure is optimized according to the experimental result, and an improvement scheme aiming at slope protection is provided.

The invention can bring the following benefits to engineering design and social benefit:

1. optimizing engineering scheme

The feasibility of different schemes can be evaluated through the simulation of the side slope and roadbed experiments, and the mechanical behaviors of different soil bodies and the like can be analyzed through the model experiments of the invention and the side slope and roadbed loading experiments, so that accurate and reliable data are provided for engineering design, infrastructure construction is safer and more reliable, and engineering quality is improved.

2. Cost reduction

Through the reusability of the invention, repeated model tests can be carried out, the most economical and effective solution is found before the actual engineering construction, and pile foundations 6, retaining walls, slide piles and the like which are most in line with the engineering actual can be screened out, so that the construction cost is reduced, and the resource utilization is optimized.

3. Environmental protection

The slope erosion is one of main reasons for causing disasters such as soil landslide and collapse, and by utilizing the method, the experiment such as slope erosion and slope protection can be simulated, and the method can simulate water flows with different sizes and flow rates, so that a reasonable protection scheme is provided for different types of water flow erosion, the occurrence of the slope water flow erosion can be reduced and prevented, the damage to the ecological environment is reduced, and the method has remarkable social benefits.

4. Promote scientific research and education development

By using the invention to carry out model experiments, the invention can provide experimental platforms and data support for researches and education in the relevant fields of roadbeds, slope experiments and the like, and can lead more researchers to carry out academic researches in the fields of slope roadbeds and the like depending on the experimental platforms provided by the invention, promote the progress of researches and teaching and promote the development of industry.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not limiting of the present invention. While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations, modifications, and substitutions can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A multi-functional multi-dimensional slope test model device, characterized in that includes:

the model test box is a box body structure with an open single side surface and an open top, wherein the box body structure is formed by a fixed bottom plate, two side plates and a fixed back plate;

one end of the movable bottom plate is arranged in the model test box through a first rotating pair, is close to the bottom of the open side surface, and is supported at the bottom in the model test box through a lifting mechanism at a position far away from the first rotating pair;

the top of the movable backboard is arranged on a fixed backboard in the model test box through a second revolute pair, and a position far away from the second revolute pair is arranged on the fixed backboard through a horizontal telescopic mechanism;

the anti-slip device is arranged at the opening side of the model test box, forms a soil filling space for forming a model side slope together with the movable bottom plate, the movable back plate and the two side plates, and can adjust the gradient of the model side slope or simulate vibration by rotating the movable bottom plate and the movable back plate around each group of revolute pairs;

the loading counter-force device is arranged on the model test box and is used for providing loading force in the direction of the stump for the model side slope;

and the monitoring device is arranged in the soil filling space and is used for monitoring parameters of the model side slope.

2. The multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test model device according to claim 1, further comprising a rainfall simulation device, wherein the rainfall simulation device comprises a plurality of rainfall spray heads arranged on the model test box and drainage tanks arranged on the fixed bottom plate and close to the open side surfaces; the rainfall spray head is connected with a water source.

3. A multi-functional, multi-dimensional, slope test model apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the model slope comprises a test soil body filled in a fill space and a pile foundation buried in the test soil body.

4. A multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test model device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one side plate of the model test box is made of transparent material or is provided with a viewing window made of transparent material.

5. The multi-functional multi-dimensional slope test model device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the lifting mechanism is a plurality of rows of loading jacks arranged between the movable bottom plate and the fixed bottom plate.

6. The multi-functional multi-dimensional slope test model device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the telescoping mechanism is a plurality of rows of loading jacks disposed between the movable backplate and the fixed backplate.

7. A multi-functional and multi-dimensional slope test model device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the anti-skid device comprises model anti-skid piles and model retaining walls, which are detachably mounted on a fixed bottom plate of an open side of a model test box to form a retaining structure of a model slope.

8. The multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test model device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the loading counterforce device comprises:

the counterforce beam is slidably arranged in the model test box;

and the loading jack is arranged at the bottom of the counter-force beam and used for loading the model slope below the counter-force beam.

9. The multi-functional and multi-dimensional slope test model device according to claim 8, wherein the reaction beam is mounted on the model test box through a sliding guide mechanism, the sliding guide mechanism comprises a guide rail arranged on the model test box, a sliding block arranged on the guide rail and a locking mechanism for fixing the relative positions of the guide rail and the sliding block, and the reaction beam is fixed on the sliding block.

10. A multifunctional multi-dimensional slope test method adopting the slope test model device according to any one of claims 2-9, characterized by comprising the following steps:

building a model test box;

rotating the movable bottom plate and the movable back plate to a required angle, and installing an anti-skid device to form a soil filling space;

selecting soil required by an experiment, filling the soil in a soil filling space to form a model slope, and burying a pile foundation and a monitoring device during filling according to the requirement of an experiment type;

a loading counterforce device is arranged on the model test box;

starting a monitoring device and a loading counterforce device, performing a slope test, and starting a rainfall simulation device according to the test type; the slope test comprises a roadbed body loading simulation test, a slope landslide simulation test, a pile foundation test, an anti-slip device test, a slope erosion simulation test and a slope protection simulation test.