CN117192626A - Near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method and system - Google Patents
Near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of oil-gas field exploration and development, and discloses a near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method and a near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification system, wherein the system of the method comprises an electric field excitation and receiving module, an excitation electrode well layer calibration module, a resistivity and potential space homing inversion module and an oil-water and gas-water IA distribution data output module; the excitation electrode well in the oil and gas exploration and development area utilizes the near-source electric field to generate the excitation electric field at the top and bottom of the target layer, so that the accurate identification of oil and gas resources in the stratum is ensured, meanwhile, a receiving point formed by receiving lines is arranged on the ground to feed back the secondary electric field in the stratum, and the oil and gas resources of the bottom layer are scientifically predicted according to the transmission change characteristics of the electric field at the bottom layer; and (3) carrying out calculation and analysis on the potential and the resistivity of the exciting electrode well position by utilizing the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the receiving target layer, and accurately displaying the distribution of the oil and gas resources in the bottom layer according to the change characteristics of the resistivity in the exciting electrode well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field exploration and development, in particular to a near-source electric field-based high-precision oil, gas and water identification method and system.
Background
The petroleum and natural gas exploration and development refers to geological investigation, geophysical exploration, drilling activities and other related activities performed for identifying exploration areas or ascertaining oil and gas reserves, and the oil and gas exploration is the first key link of oil and gas exploitation engineering, and aims to find and ascertain oil and gas resources, understand underground geological conditions by various exploration means, know conditions of oil production, oil storage, oil and gas migration, accumulation, preservation and the like, comprehensively evaluate oil and gas containing distant scenes, determine favorable areas of oil and gas accumulation, find traps of oil and gas storage, and ascertain areas of oil and gas fields, and determine conditions and output capacity of a clean oil and gas layer; in the petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, the difficulty of oil-gas-water identification exists, and under the condition of simple oil-gas-water distribution, the conventional geophysical method such as a well logging exploration and a seismic exploration method can better identify oil-gas-water in stratum, and the well logging exploration is also called geophysical well logging, is a method for measuring geophysical parameters by utilizing the electrochemical characteristics, conductive characteristics, acoustic characteristics, radioactivity and other geophysical characteristics of rock stratum, and belongs to one of application geophysical methods. When petroleum is drilled, logging, also called completion logging, is required after drilling to a designed depth of well, so as to obtain various petroleum geology and engineering technical data, and the logging is conventionally called open hole logging as original data for completion and development of oil fields. The second series of well logging performed after the casing is completed in the oil well is conventionally called production well logging or development well logging, and the development of the production well logging generally goes through four stages of analog well logging, digital well logging and imaging well logging; the seismic exploration is a geophysical exploration method for deducing the properties and the morphology of underground rock formations by utilizing the elasticity and density difference of underground medium and observing and analyzing the propagation rule of seismic waves generated by artificial earthquakes in the underground by elastic waves caused by artificial excitation; along with the increasing exploration and development degree of oil, gas and water in the stratum, the depth and operation difficulty of oil and gas field exploration are increased, the encountered oil, gas and water distribution situation is more and more complex, the position and distribution characteristics in the stratum are difficult to effectively and accurately identify by well logging exploration and seismic exploration methods, and the period and cost of oil and gas exploration and development are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
In order to solve the problems that the depth and the operation difficulty of oil-gas field exploration are increased along with the continuous increase of the exploration development degree of oil-gas water in the stratum, the encountered oil-gas field water distribution condition is more and more complex, the position and the distribution characteristics in the stratum are difficult to effectively and accurately identify by the well logging exploration and the seismic exploration methods, the period and the cost of the oil-gas exploration development are increased, and the purpose of accurately and efficiently identifying the oil-gas water in the stratum is achieved.
(II) technical scheme
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a high-precision oil-gas-water identification method based on a near-source electric field comprises the following steps:
the oil-gas-water is defined as oil-water and gas-water in the method, namely the oil-gas-water comprises oil-water and gas-water;
s1, determining a target layer in an excitation electrode well of an oil and gas exploration and development area; exciting electric fields at the bottom and the top of the target layer respectively by adopting a near-source electric field;
s2, after the excitation electric field is stabilized, power is cut off, a plurality of receiving points formed along one or more receiving lines are arranged on the ground to receive the secondary electric field generated inside the stratum and the reservoir, and each receiving point records electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer according to time sequence;
s3, calibrating the resistivity and potential layer of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer;
s4, acquiring geological layer data and resistivity and potential horizon calibration data to carry out space projection homing;
s5, carrying out potential inversion operation of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer;
s6, carrying out polarization rate treatment on the potential subjected to potential inversion in the S5;
s7, calculating the weight of the attribute parameters of the resistivity, the potential, the polarization rate and the geological layer;
s8, analyzing and outputting oil-water IA distribution data and gas-water IA distribution data, wherein IA represents the distribution data of oil water and gas water in a geological layer, which are reflected according to different components of oil water and gas water and different characteristics of electric resistivity, electric potential, polarization and geological attribute parameters in the geological layer;
preferably, the target layer is determined in an excitation electrode well of the oil and gas exploration and development area; the operation steps of exciting electric fields at the bottom and the top of the target layer respectively by adopting a near source electric field are as follows:
s11, determining a target layer 1 and a target layer 2 in an excitation electrode well of an oil and gas exploration and development area, setting B1 as the top boundary of the target layer 1, wherein B2 is the bottom boundary of the target layer 1 and the top boundary of the target layer 2, and B3 is the bottom boundary of the target layer 2;
s12, exciting electric fields at positions B1, B2 and B3 in an excitation electrode well by using a near-source electric field generator; the positions B1, B2 and B3 are all performed on the position of a seismic exploration survey line, and the distance from the well mouth of the near-source electric field to the receiving point of the excitation electrode is less than or equal to 100m.
Preferably, when the excitation electric field is stable, the power is turned off, a plurality of receiving points formed along one or more receiving lines are arranged on the ground to receive the secondary electric field generated inside the stratum and the reservoir, and each receiving point records the electric field data of the bottom and the top of the target layer according to the time sequence, wherein the operation steps are as follows:
s21, performing power-off operation after the excitation electric field generator generates a stable excitation electric field, wherein the excitation electric field can generate a secondary electric field in the stratum around the excitation electrode well and the oil, gas and water reservoir;
s22, arranging a plurality of receiving points formed by one or more receiving lines on the ground;
s23, recording electric field data at the top and the bottom of different depth positions of the target layer 1 and the target layer 2 at each receiving point according to time sequence.
Preferably, the operation steps of calibrating the resistivity and potential level of the excitation electrode well site according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer are as follows:
s31, acquiring electric field data of the top and bottom of the target layer of the receiving point in S23;
s32, calculating the electric field intensity difference excited and received by the top and bottom edges of the target layer according to the acquired electric field data;
the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein->Is indicated at->Electric field intensity at boundary position of time B1 and B2, < >>Is indicated at->Electric field intensity at boundary position of time A and B2, < + >>Is indicated at->Electric field intensity at boundary positions of time A and B1; the electric field strength formula is +.>Wherein->For measuring the distance from point B1 to the ground, < >>Indicating conductivity, & gt>Representing the time of receipt;
s33, calculating the resistivity of the top and bottom boundaries of the target layer according to the acquired electric field data, wherein a resistivity formula is as followsWherein->Resistivity between top boundary and bottom boundary of the target layer 1->To measure the distance of points B1 and B2 to the ground, and (2)>Indicating conductivity, & gt>Indicates the time of reception,/->Is indicated at->And (3) obtaining the electric field intensity at boundary positions of the B1 and B2, obtaining the resistivity of the target layer at different positions of the excitation electrode well according to a resistivity formula to generate a resistivity curve, and distributing the resistivity distribution along the horizontal direction of the receiving line according to the resistivity curve to form a resistivity profile.
Preferably, the operation steps of obtaining the geological layer data and combining the resistivity and the potential horizon calibration data to carry out space projection homing are as follows:
s41, acquiring geological layer data of an oil and gas exploration and development area;
s42, comparing the resistivity of the excitation electrode well at different depth positions with a resistivity curve, and determining the position of a real target layer in the excitation electrode well according to the abrupt change difference of the resistivity values;
s43, tracking a target layer in an oil and gas exploration and development area on a section according to the position and resistivity relation characteristics determined by the excitation electrode well, and further determining the horizon of oil and gas;
s44, the layers picked up by the resistivity sections correspond to geological layers of the sections, the resistivity of the target layer is projected onto the geological layers of the oil and gas exploration and development area, and the spatially-restored resistivity sections are obtained, wherein the geological layers comprise seismic sections.
Preferably, the operation steps of performing the potential inversion operation of the excitation electrode well site according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer are as follows:
s51, according to the electric field intensity formula in S32Calculating electric field intensity data of the electric method at different depth positions in the excitation electrode well;
s52, according to the formulaWherein->Show the simulated electric field strength, +.>Is of natural potential>For mud resistivity>For the bottom layer resistivity, +.>Calculating logging simulation electric field intensity data of different depth positions in the excitation electrode well as coefficients;
s53, inverse calculationThe method adopts any one or more of gradient descent algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm, genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm, wherein the objective function of the algorithm is that；/>Representing an objective function +.>Representing the simulated electric field strength, +.>Representing the electric field strength of the electric method; />Representing the minimum value of the difference between the electric field intensity of the electric method and the simulated electric field intensity of the logging; and according to an inversion criterion determined by the objective function, outputting inversion potentials of adjacent excitation electrode wells of the excitation electrode wells when the difference between the actual electric field intensity and the logging simulation electric field intensity reaches the minimum value, establishing an inversion model and using the inversion model for all electric field data of an oil-gas exploration development area, and measuring all potential data of the oil-gas exploration development area.
Preferably, the operation steps of performing the polarizability processing on the potential after the potential inversion in S5 are as follows:
s61, performing polarization rate processing on all potential data of the oil and gas exploration development area in S53, wherein the polarization rate is obtained by calculating the highest frequency potential after potential inversionAnd lowest frequency potential->The difference, the polarizability formula is。
Preferably, the operation steps of calculating the weight of the resistivity, the potential, the polarizability and the geological layer attribute parameters and analyzing and outputting the oil-water IA distribution data and the gas-water IA distribution data are as follows:
s71, calibrating electrical resistivity and potential according to the logging resistivity and potential of the excitation electrode well and the adjacent excitation electrode well, and using the calibration coefficient for the resistivity and potential measured by all electrical methods in the oil gas exploration and development area to obtain the resistivity and potential which are consistent with the actual situation in the oil gas exploration and development area;
s72, determining resistivity and potential threshold values of oil-containing water and gas-containing water, and identifying the resistivity and the potential by single-parameter oil-water and gas-water;
s73, calculating the association degree of various parameters including resistivity, potential, polarization rate and seismic attribute and oil-containing water, gas-water in the oil-gas exploration and development area, and determining the weight coefficient of the oil-gas exploration and development area, wherein the various parameters of the seismic attribute include oil-gas-water sensitive parameters such as poisson ratio and longitudinal-transverse wave speed ratio;
s74, weighting and summing the parameters of the target layer by the weight coefficients of the parameters, and calculating and outputting an IA value for comprehensively identifying the oil water, the gas water;
s75, comparing the preliminary identification result of the adjacent excitation electrode wells of the excitation electrode wells with the oil-gas-containing property of each well to determine the oil-water-containing and gas-water IA threshold value, so as to determine the oil-water-containing and gas-water conditions of each position of a target layer of an oil-gas exploration and development area, and further obtain a longitudinal section and a transverse plane distribution map;
s76, according to the difference of IA threshold parameters of the oil water and the gas water in S75, the IA values comprise gas-containing GIA and water-containing WIA, wherein the gas-containing GIA represents the independent gas distribution in the oil water IA or the gas water IA, the gas-containing WIA represents the independent water distribution in the oil water IA or the gas water IA, and the oil water and the gas water identification and calculation operation is carried out.
The system for realizing the near-source electric field-based high-precision oil, gas and water identification method comprises an electric field excitation and receiving module, an excitation electrode well layer calibration module, a resistivity and potential space homing inversion module and an oil, water, gas and water IA distribution data output module;
the electric field excitation and receiving module comprises a target layer bottom electric field excitation unit and a secondary electric field receiving feedback unit;
the electric field excitation unit at the bottom of the target layer is used for determining the target layer in an excitation electrode well of an oil and gas exploration and development area; exciting electric fields at the bottom and the top of the target layer respectively by adopting a near-source electric field generator; the secondary electric field receiving feedback unit is powered off after the excitation electric field is stabilized, a plurality of receiving points formed along one or more receiving lines are arranged on the ground to receive the secondary electric field generated in the stratum and the reservoir, and each receiving point records electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer according to time sequence;
the excitation electrode well horizon calibration module comprises a resistivity and potential horizon calibration unit;
the resistivity and potential layer calibration unit is used for calibrating the resistivity and potential layer of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer;
the resistivity and potential space homing inversion module comprises a geological layer acquisition unit, a resistivity and potential combined geological layer space homing unit and a potential conversion inversion unit;
the geological layer acquisition unit is used for acquiring geological layer data of the oil and gas exploration and development area; the resistivity and potential combined geological layer space homing unit is used for performing space projection homing according to geological layer data combined with resistivity and potential horizon calibration data; the potential conversion inversion unit is used for performing potential inversion operation of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer;
the oil-water-gas-water IA distribution data output module comprises a potential polarization rate processing unit, a logging layer and geological layer electrical parameter weight obtaining unit and an oil-water-gas-water IA distribution data analysis output unit;
the potential polarization rate processing unit is used for performing polarization rate processing on the potential subjected to the inversion of the top and bottom potential of the target layer; the logging layer and geological layer electrical parameter weight acquiring unit is used for calculating weights of resistivity, potential, polarization rate and geological layer attribute parameters; the oil-water and gas-water IA distribution data analysis output unit is used for analyzing and outputting oil-water IA distribution data and gas-water IA distribution data.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides a near-source electric field-based high-precision oil, gas and water identification method and system. The beneficial effects are as follows:
1. the excitation electrode well in the oil and gas exploration and development area is matched with the electric field excitation unit at the bottom of the target layer and the secondary electric field receiving feedback unit to generate an excitation electric field at the top and bottom of the target layer by utilizing the near-source electric field, so that the accurate identification of oil and gas resources in the stratum is ensured, meanwhile, a receiving point formed by receiving lines is arranged on the ground to feed back the secondary electric field in the stratum, and the oil and gas resources of the bottom layer are scientifically predicted according to the transmission change characteristics of the electric field in the bottom layer; and the resistivity and potential layer calibration unit is used for calculating and analyzing the potential and the resistivity of the exciting electrode well position by utilizing the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the receiving target layer, and accurately displaying the oil-gas resource distribution in the bottom layer according to the resistivity change characteristics in the exciting electrode well.
2. The space projection homing unit performs space projection homing according to geological layer data and resistivity and potential horizon calibration data, so that the geological matching between the resistivity in the excitation electrode well and the bottom paper layer of the oil and gas exploration and development area is realized, and the geographical distribution of oil and gas resources is intuitively and accurately reflected; the potential conversion inversion unit rapidly calculates electric field intensity and logging simulation electric field intensity according to electric field data at the bottom and the top of a target layer, potential data of adjacent measuring wells of an excitation electrode well in an oil-gas exploration and development area are constructed by using an inversion algorithm, and oil-gas resource distribution in the stratum of the whole oil-gas exploration and development area is scientifically analyzed according to potential and resistivity analysis and identification according to the potential data, so that reliable data basis is provided for oil-gas exploitation.
3. The electrical parameter weight acquisition unit of the logging layer and the geological layer and the oil-water-gas-water IA distribution data analysis output unit are matched to calculate the association degree of various parameters including resistivity, potential, polarization rate and seismic attribute with oil-water-containing gas-water in the oil-gas exploration development area, the weight coefficient is determined, the target layer parameters are weighted and summed, the exploitation operation of complex oil-gas resource distribution is realized, oil-water IA data and gas-water IA data are comprehensively identified through calculation output in a scientific subdivision mode, the gas-containing GIA, the water-containing WIA and the gas-containing GIA and the water-containing WIA of the oil-water IA are respectively output, the distribution composition of the gas and water contained in the oil-water layer in the geological layer is accurately reflected, and the gas and water contained in the gas-water layer are distributed in the geological layer, so that the oil-gas resource efficient and scientific exploration provides technical support, and the economic benefit of oil-gas exploration development is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the method for identifying oil, gas and water with high precision based on a near-source electric field.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the system functional modules of the near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method shown in fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of electrical prospecting acquisition of a near-source electric field based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the high-precision oil-gas-water identification method and system based on the near-source electric field is as follows:
referring to fig. 1-3, a near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method includes the following steps:
the oil-gas-water is defined as oil-water and gas-water in the method, namely the oil-gas-water comprises oil-water and gas-water;
s1, determining a target layer in an excitation electrode well of an oil and gas exploration and development area; exciting electric fields at the bottom and the top of the target layer respectively by adopting a near-source electric field;
s2, after the excitation electric field is stabilized, power is cut off, a plurality of receiving points formed along one or more receiving lines are arranged on the ground to receive the secondary electric field generated inside the stratum and the reservoir, and each receiving point records electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer according to time sequence;
s3, calibrating the resistivity and potential layer of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer;
s4, acquiring geological layer data and resistivity and potential horizon calibration data to carry out space projection homing;
s5, carrying out potential inversion operation of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer;
s6, carrying out polarization rate treatment on the potential subjected to potential inversion in the S5;
s7, calculating the weight of the attribute parameters of the resistivity, the potential, the polarization rate and the geological layer;
s8, analyzing and outputting oil-water IA distribution data and gas-water IA distribution data, wherein IA represents the distribution data of oil water and gas water in a geological layer, which are reflected according to different components of oil water and gas water and different characteristics of resistivity, potential, polarization and geological attribute parameters in the geological layer.
Further, referring to FIGS. 1-3, a target layer is determined in an excitation electrode well of a hydrocarbon exploration and development area; the operation steps of exciting electric fields at the bottom and the top of the target layer respectively by adopting a near source electric field are as follows:
s11, determining a target layer 1 and a target layer 2 in an excitation electrode well of an oil and gas exploration and development area, setting B1 as the top boundary of the target layer 1, wherein B2 is the bottom boundary of the target layer 1 or the top boundary of the target layer 2, and B3 is the bottom boundary of the target layer 2;
s12, exciting electric fields at positions B1, B2 and B3 in an excitation electrode well by using a near-source electric field generator; and the positions B1, B2 and B3 are all performed on the position of the seismic exploration survey line, and the distance from the well mouth of the excitation electrode to the receiving point is less than or equal to 100m.
When the excitation electric field is stable, the power is cut off, a plurality of receiving points formed along one or more receiving lines are arranged on the ground to receive the secondary electric field generated inside the stratum and the reservoir, and each receiving point records the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer according to the time sequence, wherein the operation steps are as follows:
s21, performing power-off operation after the excitation electric field generator generates a stable excitation electric field, wherein the excitation electric field can generate a secondary electric field in the stratum around the excitation electrode well and the oil, gas and water reservoir;
s22, arranging a plurality of receiving points formed by one or more receiving lines on the ground, wherein the ground receiving points are P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6 in the embodiment;
s23, recording electric field data at the top and the bottom of different depth positions of the target layer 1 and the target layer 2 at each receiving point according to time sequence.
The operation steps of the calibration operation of the resistivity and the potential level of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer are as follows:
s31, acquiring electric field data of the top and bottom of the target layer of the receiving point in S23;
s32, calculating the electric field intensity difference excited and received by the top and bottom edges of the target layer according to the acquired electric field data;
the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein->Is indicated at->Electric field intensity at boundary position of time B1 and B2, < >>Is indicated at->Electric field intensity at boundary position of time A and B2, < + >>Is indicated at->Electric field intensity at boundary positions of time A and B1; the electric field strength formula is +.>Which is provided withMiddle->For measuring the distance from point B1 to the ground, < >>Indicating conductivity, & gt>Representing the time of receipt;
s33, calculating the resistivity of the top and bottom boundaries of the target layer according to the acquired electric field data, wherein a resistivity formula is as followsWherein->Resistivity between top boundary and bottom boundary of the target layer 1->To measure the distance of points B1 and B2 to the ground, and (2)>Indicating conductivity, & gt>Indicates the time of reception,/->Is indicated at->And (3) obtaining the electric field intensity at boundary positions of the B1 and B2, obtaining the resistivity of the target layer at different positions of the excitation electrode well according to a resistivity formula to generate a resistivity curve, and distributing the resistivity distribution along the horizontal direction of the receiving line according to the resistivity curve to form a resistivity profile.
The excitation electrode well in the oil and gas exploration and development area is matched with the electric field excitation unit at the bottom of the target layer and the secondary electric field receiving feedback unit to generate an excitation electric field at the top and bottom of the target layer by utilizing the near-source electric field, so that the accurate identification of oil and gas resources in the stratum is ensured, meanwhile, a receiving point formed by receiving lines is arranged on the ground to feed back the secondary electric field in the stratum, and the oil and gas resources of the bottom layer are scientifically predicted according to the transmission change characteristics of the electric field in the bottom layer; and the resistivity and potential layer calibration unit is used for calculating and analyzing the potential and the resistivity of the exciting electrode well position by utilizing the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the receiving target layer, and accurately displaying the oil-gas resource distribution in the bottom layer according to the resistivity change characteristics in the exciting electrode well.
Further, referring to fig. 1-3, the steps of obtaining geological layer data and resistivity and potential horizon calibration data for space projection homing are as follows:
s41, acquiring geological layer data of an oil and gas exploration and development area;
s42, comparing the resistivity of the excitation electrode well at different depth positions with a resistivity curve, and determining the position of a real target layer in the excitation electrode well according to the abrupt change difference of the resistivity values;
s43, tracking a target layer in an oil and gas exploration and development area on a section according to the position and resistivity relation characteristics determined by the excitation electrode well, and further determining the horizon of oil and gas;
s44, the layers picked up by the resistivity sections correspond to geological layers of the sections, the resistivity of the target layer is projected onto the geological layers of the oil and gas exploration and development area, and the spatially-restored resistivity sections are obtained, wherein the geological layers comprise seismic sections.
The operation steps of potential inversion operation of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer are as follows:
s51, according to the electric field intensity formula in S32Calculating electric field intensity data of the electric method at different depth positions in the excitation electrode well;
s52, according to the formula，/>Wherein->Representing the simulated electric field strength, +.>Is of natural potential>For mud resistivity>For the bottom layer resistivity, +.>Calculating logging simulation electric field intensity data of different depth positions in the excitation electrode well as coefficients;
s53, the inversion algorithm adopts any one or more of a gradient descent algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, a genetic algorithm and a neural network algorithm, wherein the objective function of the algorithm is；/>Representing an objective function +.>Representing the simulated electric field strength, +.>Representing the electric field strength of the electric method; />Representing the minimum value of the difference between the electric field intensity of the electric method and the simulated electric field intensity of the logging; and according to an inversion criterion determined by the objective function, outputting inversion potentials of adjacent excitation electrode wells of the excitation electrode wells when the difference between the actual electric field intensity and the logging simulation electric field intensity reaches the minimum value, establishing an inversion model and using the inversion model for all electric field data of an oil-gas exploration development area, and measuring all potential data of the oil-gas exploration development area.
The space projection homing unit performs space projection homing according to geological layer data and resistivity and potential horizon calibration data, so that the geological matching between the resistivity in the excitation electrode well and the bottom paper layer of the oil and gas exploration and development area is realized, and the geographical distribution of oil and gas resources is intuitively and accurately reflected; the potential conversion inversion unit rapidly calculates electric field intensity and logging simulation electric field intensity according to electric field data at the bottom and the top of a target layer, potential data of adjacent measuring wells of an excitation electrode well in an oil-gas exploration and development area are constructed by using an inversion algorithm, and oil-gas resource distribution in the stratum of the whole oil-gas exploration and development area is scientifically analyzed according to potential and resistivity analysis and identification according to the potential data, so that reliable data basis is provided for oil-gas exploitation.
Further, referring to fig. 1 to 3, the operation steps of performing the polarization rate processing on the electric potential after the electric potential inversion in S5 are as follows:
s61, performing polarization rate processing on all potential data of the oil and gas exploration development area in S53, wherein the polarization rate is obtained by calculating the highest frequency potential after potential inversionAnd lowest frequency potential->The difference, the polarizability formula is。
The operation steps of calculating the weight of the resistivity, the potential, the polarizability and the geological layer attribute parameters and analyzing and outputting the oil-water IA distribution data and the gas-water IA distribution data are as follows:
s71, calibrating electrical resistivity and potential according to the logging resistivity and potential of the excitation electrode well and the adjacent excitation electrode well, and using the calibration coefficient for the resistivity and potential measured by all electrical methods in the oil gas exploration and development area to obtain the resistivity and potential which are consistent with the actual situation in the oil gas exploration and development area;
s72, determining resistivity and potential threshold values of oil-containing water and gas-containing water, and identifying the resistivity and the potential by single-parameter oil-water and gas-water;
s73, calculating the association degree of various parameters including resistivity, potential, polarization rate and seismic attribute in an oil gas exploration development area and oil-containing water, gas-water, and determining the weight coefficient of the oil gas exploration development area, wherein the various parameters of the seismic attribute include oil gas-water sensitive parameters such as poisson ratio and longitudinal and transverse wave speed ratio;
s74, weighting and summing the parameters of the target layer by the weight coefficients of the parameters, and calculating and outputting an IA value for comprehensively identifying the oil water, the gas water;
s75, comparing the preliminary identification result of the adjacent excitation electrode wells of the excitation electrode wells with the oil-gas-containing property of each well to determine the oil-water-containing and gas-water IA threshold value, so as to determine the oil-water-containing and gas-water conditions of each position of a target layer of an oil-gas exploration and development area, and further obtain a longitudinal section and a transverse plane distribution map;
s76, according to the difference of IA threshold parameters of the oil water and the gas water in S75, the IA values comprise gas-containing GIA and water-containing WIA, wherein the gas-containing GIA represents the independent gas distribution in the oil water IA or the gas water IA, the gas-containing WIA represents the independent water distribution in the oil water IA or the gas water IA, and the oil water and the gas water identification and calculation operation is carried out.
The electrical parameter weight acquisition unit of the logging layer and the geological layer and the oil-water-gas-water IA distribution data analysis output unit are matched to calculate the association degree of various parameters including resistivity, potential, polarization rate and seismic attribute with oil-water-containing gas-water in the oil-gas exploration development area, the weight coefficient is determined, the target layer parameters are weighted and summed, the exploitation operation of complex oil-gas resource distribution is realized, oil-water IA data and gas-water IA data are comprehensively identified through calculation output in a scientific subdivision mode, the gas-containing GIA, the water-containing WIA and the gas-containing GIA and the water-containing WIA of the oil-water IA are respectively output, the distribution composition of the gas and water contained in the oil-water layer in the geological layer is accurately reflected, and the gas and water contained in the gas-water layer are distributed in the geological layer, so that the oil-gas resource efficient and scientific exploration provides technical support, and the economic benefit of oil-gas exploration development is improved.
A system for realizing a near-source electric field-based high-precision oil, gas and water identification method comprises an electric field excitation and receiving module, an excitation electrode well layer calibration module, a resistivity and potential space homing inversion module and an oil, gas and water IA distribution data output module;
the electric field excitation and receiving module comprises a target layer bottom electric field excitation unit and a secondary electric field receiving feedback unit;
the electric field excitation unit at the bottom of the target layer is used for determining the target layer in an excitation electrode well of an oil and gas exploration and development area; exciting electric fields at the bottom and the top of the target layer respectively by adopting a near-source electric field generator; the secondary electric field receiving feedback unit is powered off after the excitation electric field is stabilized, a plurality of receiving points formed along one or more receiving lines are arranged on the ground to receive the secondary electric field generated in the stratum and the reservoir, and each receiving point records electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer according to time sequence;
the excitation electrode well horizon calibration module comprises a resistivity and potential horizon calibration unit;
the resistivity and potential layer calibration unit is used for calibrating the resistivity and potential layer of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer;
the resistivity and potential space homing inversion module comprises a geological layer acquisition unit, a resistivity and potential combined geological layer space homing unit and a potential conversion inversion unit;
the geological layer acquisition unit is used for acquiring geological layer data of the oil and gas exploration and development area; the resistivity and potential combined geological layer space homing unit is used for carrying out space projection homing according to geological layer data combined with resistivity and potential layer calibration data; the potential conversion inversion unit is used for carrying out potential inversion operation of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer;
the oil-water-gas-water IA distribution data output module comprises a potential polarization rate processing unit, a logging layer and geological layer electrical parameter weight obtaining unit and an oil-water-gas-water IA distribution data analysis output unit;
the potential polarization rate processing unit is used for carrying out polarization rate processing on the potential subjected to the inversion of the top and bottom potentials of the target layer; the logging layer and geological layer electrical parameter weight acquiring unit is used for calculating weight of resistivity, potential, polarization rate and geological layer attribute parameters; the oil-water and gas-water IA distribution data analysis output unit is used for analyzing and outputting oil-water IA distribution data and gas-water IA distribution data.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A near-source electric field-based high-precision oil, gas and water identification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining a target layer in an excitation electrode well of an oil and gas exploration and development area; exciting electric fields at the bottom and the top of the target layer respectively by adopting a near-source electric field;
s2, after the excitation electric field is stabilized, power is cut off, a plurality of receiving points formed along one or more receiving lines are arranged on the ground to receive the secondary electric field generated inside the stratum and the reservoir, and each receiving point records electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer according to time sequence;
s3, calibrating the resistivity and potential layer of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer;
s4, acquiring geological layer data and resistivity and potential horizon calibration data to carry out space projection homing;
s5, carrying out potential inversion operation of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer;
s6, carrying out polarization rate treatment on the potential subjected to potential inversion in the S5;
s7, calculating the weight of the attribute parameters of the resistivity, the potential, the polarization rate and the geological layer;
s8, analyzing and outputting the oil-water IA distribution data and the gas-water IA distribution data.
2. The near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a target layer in an excitation electrode well of an oil and gas exploration and development area; the operation steps of exciting electric fields at the bottom and the top of the target layer respectively by adopting a near source electric field are as follows:
s11, determining a target layer 1 and a target layer 2 in an excitation electrode well of an oil and gas exploration and development area, setting B1 as the top boundary of the target layer 1, B2 as the bottom boundary of the target layer 1 and B3 as the bottom boundary of the target layer 2;
s12, exciting electric fields at positions B1, B2 and B3 in an excitation electrode well by using a near-source electric field generator; the positions B1, B2 and B3 are all performed on the position of a seismic exploration survey line, and the distance from the well mouth of the near-source electric field to the receiving point of the excitation electrode is less than or equal to 100m.
3. The near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of setting a plurality of receiving points formed along one or more receiving lines on the ground to receive a stratum and a secondary electric field generated in the reservoir after an excitation electric field is stabilized, and recording electric field data at the bottom and the top of a target layer according to time sequence at each receiving point:
s21, performing power-off operation after the excitation electric field generator generates a stable excitation electric field, wherein the excitation electric field can generate a secondary electric field in the stratum around the excitation electrode well and the oil, gas and water reservoir;
s22, arranging a plurality of receiving points formed by one or more receiving lines on the ground;
s23, recording electric field data at the top and the bottom of different depth positions of the target layer 1 and the target layer 2 at each receiving point according to time sequence.
4. The method for identifying the oil, gas and water with high precision based on the near-source electric field according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the operation steps of the calibration operation of the resistivity and the potential layer of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer are as follows:
s31, acquiring electric field data of the top and bottom of the target layer of the receiving point in S23;
s32, calculating the electric field intensity difference excited and received by the top and bottom edges of the target layer according to the acquired electric field data;
the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein->Is indicated at->Electric field intensity at boundary position of time B1 and B2, < >>Is indicated at->Electric field intensity at boundary position of time A and B2, < + >>Is indicated at->Electric field intensity at boundary positions of time A and B1; the electric field strength formula is +.>Wherein->For measuring the distance from point B1 to the ground, < >>Indicating conductivity, & gt>Representing the time of receipt;
s33, calculating the resistivity of the top and bottom boundaries of the target layer according to the acquired electric field data, wherein a resistivity formula is as followsWherein->Resistivity between top boundary and bottom boundary of the target layer 1->To measure the distance of points B1 and B2 to the ground, and (2)>Indicating conductivity, & gt>Indicates the time of reception,/->Is indicated at->And (3) obtaining the electric field intensity at boundary positions of the B1 and B2, obtaining the resistivity of the target layer at different positions of the excitation electrode well according to a resistivity formula to generate a resistivity curve, and distributing the resistivity distribution along the horizontal direction of the receiving line according to the resistivity curve to form a resistivity profile.
5. The near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the operation steps of spatial projection homing by combining the geological layer data with resistivity and potential horizon calibration data are as follows:
s41, acquiring geological layer data of an oil and gas exploration and development area;
s42, comparing the resistivity of the excitation electrode well at different depth positions with a resistivity curve, and determining the position of a real target layer in the excitation electrode well according to the abrupt change difference of the resistivity values;
s43, tracking a target layer in an oil and gas exploration and development area on a section according to the position and resistivity relation characteristics determined by the excitation electrode well, and further determining the horizon of oil and gas;
s44, the layers picked up by the resistivity sections correspond to geological layers of the sections, the resistivity of the target layer is projected onto the geological layers of the oil and gas exploration and development area, and the spatially-restored resistivity sections are obtained, wherein the geological layers comprise seismic sections.
6. The near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the operation steps of potential inversion operation of the excitation electrode well position according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer are as follows:
s51, according to the electric field intensity formula in S32Calculating electric field intensity data of the electric method at different depth positions in the excitation electrode well;
s52, according to the formula，/>Wherein->Show the simulated electric field strength, +.>Is a natural potential, and is used for the treatment of the skin,for mud resistivity>For the bottom layer resistivity, +.>Calculating excitation power as coefficientLogging simulation electric field intensity data of different depth positions in the polar well;
s53, the inversion algorithm adopts any one or more of a gradient descent algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, a genetic algorithm and a neural network algorithm, wherein the objective function of the algorithm is；/>Representing an objective function +.>Representing the simulated electric field strength, +.>Representing the electric field strength of the electric method; />Representing the minimum value of the difference between the electric field intensity of the electric method and the simulated electric field intensity of the logging; and according to an inversion criterion determined by the objective function, outputting inversion potentials of adjacent excitation electrode wells of the excitation electrode wells when the difference between the actual electric field intensity and the logging simulation electric field intensity reaches the minimum value, establishing an inversion model and using the inversion model for all electric field data of an oil-gas exploration development area, and measuring all potential data of the oil-gas exploration development area.
7. The near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the operation steps of carrying out the polarization rate treatment on the potential subjected to the potential inversion in the step S5 are as follows:
s61, performing polarization rate processing on all potential data of the oil and gas exploration development area in S53, wherein the polarization rate is obtained by calculating the highest frequency potential after potential inversionAnd lowest frequency potential->The difference, the polarizability formula is。
8. The near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the operation steps of calculating the weight of the resistivity, the potential, the polarizability and the geological layer attribute parameters and analyzing and outputting the oil-water IA distribution data and the gas-water IA distribution data are as follows:
s71, calibrating electrical resistivity and potential according to the logging resistivity and potential of the excitation electrode well and the adjacent excitation electrode well, and using the calibration coefficient for the resistivity and potential measured by all electrical methods in the oil gas exploration and development area to obtain the resistivity and potential which are consistent with the actual situation in the oil gas exploration and development area;
s72, determining resistivity and potential threshold values of oil-containing water and gas-containing water, and identifying the resistivity and the potential by single-parameter oil-water and gas-water;
s73, calculating the association degree of various parameters including resistivity, potential, polarization rate and seismic attribute and oil-containing water, gas-water in the oil-gas exploration and development area, and determining the weight coefficient of the oil-gas exploration and development area, wherein the various parameters of the seismic attribute include oil-gas-water sensitive parameters such as poisson ratio and longitudinal-transverse wave speed ratio;
s74, weighting and summing the parameters of the target layer by the weight coefficients of the parameters, and calculating and outputting an IA value for comprehensively identifying the oil water, the gas water;
s75, comparing the preliminary identification result of the adjacent excitation electrode wells of the excitation electrode wells with the oil-gas-containing property of each well to determine the oil-water-containing and gas-water IA threshold value, so as to determine the oil-water-containing and gas-water conditions of each position of a target layer of an oil-gas exploration and development area, and further obtain a longitudinal section and a transverse plane distribution map;
s76, according to the difference of IA threshold parameters of the oil water and the gas water in S75, the IA values comprise gas-containing GIA and water-containing WIA, and the oil water and the gas water identification calculation operation is carried out.
9. A system for realizing the near-source electric field-based high-precision oil-gas-water identification method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the system comprises an electric field excitation and receiving module, an excitation electrode well horizon calibration module, a resistivity and potential space homing inversion module and an oil-water and gas-water IA distribution data output module;
the electric field excitation and receiving module is used for determining a target layer in an excitation electrode well of an oil and gas exploration and development area; respectively exciting electric fields at the bottom and the top of a target layer by adopting a near-source electric field generator, and receiving stable secondary electric field data generated by the target layer;
the exciting electrode well layer calibration module performs the calibration operation of the resistivity and the potential layer of the exciting electrode well according to the electric field data at the bottom and the top of the target layer;
the resistivity and potential space homing inversion module acquires geological layer data, performs space projection homing by combining resistivity and potential horizon calibration data, performs potential inversion calculation of excitation electrode well positions on electric field data at the bottom and the top of a target layer, and calculates potential data of the whole oil gas development exploration area;
and the oil-water-gas-water IA distribution data output module performs polarization rate processing on the top-bottom potential inversion potential data of the target layer, acquires the resistivity, the potential, the polarization rate and the geological layer attribute parameters, performs weight calculation to output oil-water IA distribution data and gas-water IA distribution data, and analyzes and outputs the oil-water IA distribution data.
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