CN102053281A - Method for realizing oil-gas detection by applying long-offset distance transient electromagnetic array method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for realizing oil-gas detection by applying a long-offset distance transient electromagnetic array method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out ATEM (analytical transmission electron microscopy) observation on a detection region to acquire data; selecting measuring points without obvious distortion or negative anomaly of electric field components while an induced polarization field is not stripped, utilizing the ATEM data for inversion, and acquiring a high-resolution lamellar specific resistance model in a detection region; then carrying out ATEM forward operation to obtain transient induced electric field or magnetic field attenuation curves of all the measuring points in the detection region; substracting the electric field or magnetic field component attenuation curve acquired during forward operation by the actually observed ATEM electric field or magnetic field component attenuation curve at the same observation time point to obtain a time domain induced polarization spectrum; applying a time domain induced polarization method for inversion to obtain the polarizability of an underground medium; and carrying out detection and evaluation on an oil-gas reservoir by utilizing the specific resistance and polarizability parameters. According to the invention, the accuracy and reliability of exploration on the oil-gas reservoir by utilizing an electromagnetic method are greatly enhanced, the working efficiency is improved, and the exploration cost is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to obtain in the long offset distance transient electromagnetic of a kind of utilization Array Method (ATEM) observational data method that time domain swashs the electricity spectrum and then carries out oil and gas detection.
Background technology
On petroleum and gas geology and exploration, no matter be to be the electromagnetic method of parameter with resistivity, be the induced polarization method of parameter still with the polarizability, all comprised dc fields, induction field and induced polarization field in the electromagnetic field signal of being observed.Obviously, the induced polarization field is an interference field in the electromagnetic method, and induction field is an interference field in the induced polarization method.How separating induction field and induced polarization field is the important assurance that the raising method is explained precision.
At the end of last century, the complex resistivity method that grows up in the induced polarization measurement (CR) dipole-dipole device and its lower working frequency range by being total to section, main observation swashs electric field, thereby can obtain the sharp electrical quantity of subsurface anomaly body, reaches the purpose of seeking geologic objective.People such as Zhang Saizhen, Zhu Liu of Soviet Union think that under external effect of electric field, there is induced polarization (IP) effect in hydrocarbon-bearing pool itself, and particularly at the sedimentary basin of constructing by a narrow margin, hydrocarbon-bearing pool is the main body that produces the IP effect, also is that the IP field directly is associated with hydrocarbon-bearing pool.At present, carried out the test of complex resistivity (CR) method in a plurality of oil fields, directly sought hydrocarbon-bearing pool, obtained good geological effect by surveying sharp electric field.Yet this method has two difficult points: the one, and the field construction complexity, work difficulty is big, and efficient is low, the cost height; The 2nd, electromagnetic coupled is difficult to effective elimination.
Large power long offset distance transient electromagnetic Array Method (being called for short ATEM) is the controllable source electromagnetic surveying method that has potentiality at present in exploration of oil and gas field and exploitation, and what its was observed is induction field, is the electromagnetic survey method of coming the geologize target with resistance parameter.Its emissive source is the ground connection long lead, adopts big current bi-pole square wave power supply, requires to select different square widths according to depth of exploration.Measurement began to carry out in the moment that supply current turn-offs, and the signal that records does not so only have the influence of primary field for the decay field (secondary field) in the ground.Because its big electric current and rectangularly involve special cloth utmost point device, the raising of data collection, processing and inversion interpretation method and technology in recent years in addition, it is big to make it have a depth of exploration, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, high efficiency, to advantages such as resolution characteristic are strong, this method has been adopted on dynamic monitoring and the remaining oil detection method at the notes of exploitation oil reservoir and has been demonstrated clue in length and breadth, and extremely oil reservoir geophysics circle is paid close attention to.Because petroleum prospecting requires investigation depth big, thereby requires the ATEM power-on time grow (as many as 16s), to the IP effects is strengthened, distort the late period of usually finding the voltage attenuation curve or become the phenomenon of negative value, had a strong impact on ATEM Data Processing and explanation.Obviously, swash electric field, realize two kinds of parameters of a kind of method inverting resistivity and polarizability, will the reliability of electromagnetic method oil prospecting be strengthened greatly, also can increase work efficiency simultaneously, reduce prospecting prime cost if can from the ATEM data, directly extract.
How to extract and swash the electricity spectrum? Pelton (1978) early has research to this, and the Method of Mathematical Physics that induction fields and sharp electric field are described in the combination of a plurality of Cole-Cole models proposed, Brown (1985) is even draw about the model of electromagnetic coupled under even big situation with more strict derivation, yet additive term should be arranged in the model of its electromagnetic coupled, establish theoretical foundation for induction field separates with sharp electricity spectrum.Yet what up till now for this reason, study morely is how to eliminate induction field (Liu Song, 1998) in the induced polarization measurement from induced polarization measurement.
How extracting sharp electricity spectrum and be applied from the controllable source electromagnetic method is present research focus.Luo Yanzhong thinks because the inhomogeneous caused nagneto-telluric field intensity of anomaly of underground electric conductivity is much larger than induced polarization anomaly, be from flooded unusually by powerful conduction and galvanomagnetic effect the difficulty of the small and weak induced polarization anomaly of extraction very big, prospect allows of no optimist.And Li Jinming etc. write articles and have introduced the go up to the sky theory of right field source induced electrical sounding of polarized water flat bed, natural field source is extracted swash electrical information and made sure conclusion, and provided the test findings on the plumbous zinc ore; Chen Qingli (2006) has introduced by the inverting of MT data and has really composed the ultimate principle of parameter and provided relevant Inversion Calculation program; The substitution of Cao Zhonglin (2006) by the Cole-Cole model just drilled the inverting of research and measured data to the MT data, obtained significant achievement.For the controllable source electromagnetic method, since the increasing of electromagnetic intensity, the also corresponding enhancing of IP signal.Yin Changchun people such as (1994) analyzes and has calculated IP field in the transient electromagnetic field, has found induction field and the IP field branch opposite sex in time, has pointed out extraction IP field feasibility.Yue Anping people such as (2007) swashs electrical information by extracting from controllable source audio-frequency magnetotelluric magnetic method (CSAMT) signal, can strengthen the investigation depth and the scope of induced polarization method, also can improve the surveying accuracy of CSAMT simultaneously.
The method that said extracted swashs the electricity spectrum mainly contains two kinds of approach: the one, directly calculate the frequency dispersion rate from the Ka Niya resistivity curve; Another kind method is to swash the true parameter of electricity spectrum with inverting resistivity models Cole-Cole model or the direct inverting of Dias model.Last method is because induction field and IP field merge, and error calculated is bigger, and a kind of method in back is a method commonly used at present, but because the non-linear and nonuniqueness of inverting makes effect not ideal.
In a word, accurately the difficulty of the sharp electricity spectrum of extraction is bigger from controllable source electromagnetic method data.Reason has two: one, because the electromagnetic method frequency of operation is higher, also there is theoretical defects in model hypothesis; The 2nd, because the nonlinear problem in the FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS process causes the nonuniqueness of separating.Yet for the ATEM method, because it works in time domain, and only measures secondary field, outage back observation time is long, thereby is easy to swash the extraction of electricity spectrum.Particularly in the oil-field development district of sedimentary basin, when structure was not too complicated, hydrocarbon-bearing pool was to produce the main body that swashs electric field, and the extraction that realizes swashing the electricity spectrum detects remaining oil important practical value.
Based on the basic theories about sharp electric field such as (1986) such as Pelton (1978), Fu Liangkui and Liu Song (1998), the resulting electromagnetic spectrum of electromagnetic observation is pure resistance rate effect (conduction), inductive effect, effect of induced polarization, and the stack of the inductive effect that causes of medium effect of induced polarization.When observation is that electric field component and frequency be not when being too high, the inductive effect that effect of induced polarization causes can be ignored, if accurately obtain the background induction field of study area this moment, subtracting background induction field from the secondary field (respond to intensify) of observation then just can obtain quickly and easily and swash electricity and compose.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention be the deficiency that exists at above-mentioned prior art and propose a kind of oil-containing by a narrow margin tectonic province carry out ATEM observation and obtain time domain and swash the method that the electricity spectrum is carried out petroleum and gas geology and exploration, realize two kinds of parameters of a kind of method inverting resistivity and polarizability, the accuracy and the reliability of electromagnetic prospecting hydrocarbon-bearing pool are strengthened greatly, and increase work efficiency, reduce prospecting prime cost.
The present invention for the technical scheme that problem adopted of the above-mentioned proposition of solution is:
Earlier search coverage is carried out ATEM observation, obtain ATEM observation field data;
When unstripped induced polarization (IP) field, choose the measuring point that electric field component does not have obvious distortion or negative anomaly, utilize the ATEM data inverting of well logging constraint in the detecting area, obtain the high-resolution stratiform resistivity models of detecting area;
Carry out ATEM then and just drill, obtain the transition induction field or the field decay curve of each measuring point of detecting area;
On same observation time point, deduct above-mentioned electric field or the magnetic-field component die-away curve that obtains of just drilling with the ATEM electric field or the magnetic-field component die-away curve of actual observation, then remanent field is that time domain swashs electric field, obtains time domain thus and swashs the electricity spectrum;
Swashing the electricity spectrum with time domain is inverted parameters, uses time-domain induced polarization method, i.e. the equivalent resistivity method of layered medium (Fu Liangkui, 1989), and the polarizability of underground medium is obtained in inverting;
By utilizing deep resistivity parameter and polarizability parameter to realize the detection and the evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing pool.
Press such scheme, described evaluation is the existence of Indication of Oil-Gas Tibetan directly.
The present invention is based on following mechanism:
Experiment shows that with theoretical research (Pelton, 1978) for homogeneous half space polarization medium, the complex impedance spectra that electric dipole source excites can be expressed as:
Z
T(ω)＝R+Z
IP(ω)+Z
IC(ω)+ΔZ(ω) (1)
Wherein R is the pure resistance rate effect of medium; ω is the electromagnetic angular frequency of emissive source; Z
IP(ω) be the pure effect of induced polarization of medium; Z
IC(ω) be the relevant inductive effect of pure resistance of medium; Δ Z (ω) is the inductive effect that the pure effect of induced polarization of medium causes.
Then time domain response is:
∫Z
T(ω)e
iwtdw＝∫(R+Z
IP(ω)+Z
IC(ω)+ΔZ(ω))e
iwtdw (2)
Generally speaking, Δ Z (ω) can ignore, and ATEM observation is secondary field, and DC component does not exist.Then the secondary field of ATEM measurement is:
∫Z
T(ω)e
iwtdw≈∫(Z
IP(ω)+Z
IC(ω))e
iwtdw (3)
Its time domain field is:
V
IP(t)≈V
ATEM(t)-V
EM(t) (4)
T is for closing the die-away time of having no progeny; V
IP(t) be that time domain induced polarization field (can be electric field component or magnetic-field component; V
ATEM(t) be the secondary resultant field that ATEM records; V
EM(t) be induction field.
The beneficial effect that the present invention obtains: 1. extract the IP field from the ATEM observation field, can eliminate the distortion in late period of ATEM induction field, improve apparent resistivity curve quality in late period, the inversion accuracy of deep resistivity parameter obviously improves, and depth of exploration obviously strengthens; 2. because the ATEM observation field is the stack of transition induction field and induced polarization (IP) field, satisfy superposition principle, therefore, from the ATEM data, extract the IP field, and then inverting can obtain the sharp electricity spectrum antilog of underground polarization body, utilizes this parameter to realize the detection and the evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing pool; 3. the present invention has realized a kind of method inverting resistivity and two kinds of parameters of polarizability, make the ATEM method possess electric resistivity exploration and two kinds of functions of induced polarization method exploration, reduced the nonuniqueness of inversion result, inversion result has the advantages that accuracy is good, precision is high and resolution characteristic is strong, the accuracy and the reliability of electromagnetic prospecting hydrocarbon-bearing pool are strengthened greatly, work efficiency improves, and prospecting prime cost reduces.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the electric field decay characteristics curve map of half space model with the polarizability variation that evenly polarize in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the die-away curve figure of ATEM secondary resultant field, induced polarization field and induction field in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is that the oil field remaining oil detects ATEM test position, collection point distribution plan in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is that the oil field remaining oil detects the unusual distribution plan of ATEM test reservoir resistivity in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is that the oil field remaining oil detects test ATEM induced polarization anomaly extraction flat distribution map in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
At first when unstripped induced polarization (IP) field, conscientiously choose the measuring point that electric field component does not have obvious distortion or negative anomaly, utilize the ATEM data inverting of surveying the constraint of logging well in the district, obtain the high-resolution stratiform resistivity models of detecting area.Carry out ATEM then and just drill, obtain transition induction field (or magnetic field) the component die-away curve of each measuring point of detecting area.Because the ATEM observation field is the stack of transition induction field and induced polarization (IP) field, satisfy superposition principle, therefore, on same observation time point, ATEM electric field (or magnetic field) component die-away curve with actual observation deducts electric field (or magnetic field) the component die-away curve that inverting is obtained, and then remanent field is that time domain swashs electric field.Use time-domain induced polarization method and ask for the polarizability parameter, utilize deep resistivity parameter and polarizability parameter to realize the detection and the evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing pool.
Further specify embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the electric field decay characteristics variation diagram of half space model with the polarizability variation that evenly polarize.Semispace (resistivity and polarizability) model with even polarization is tested, is supposed: ρ
0Resistivity, τ time constant, c frequency correlation coefficient, m polarizability, the homogeneous half space model parameter is:
ρ
0＝100Ω·m，τ＝1s，c＝0.5，m＝0，0.05，0.2，0.4，
The result shows that swashing electric spectrum can successfully extract, and ATEM induction field tail Zhi Zhiliang improves simultaneously.As seen from Figure 1, when dielectric polorization, swash the electric field performance during evening obviously.Even during polarizability m=0.05, tail props up curve and also obviously slows down, and coverage is from 10
-3Just very obvious after second.For deep prospecting, 10
-3To 1 second was important exploration window, as not eliminating the influence of IP, certainly will influence the data interpretation of ATEM.In like manner also can calculate the electric field curve of stratiform dielectric model, its feature is to above-mentioned similar.
Fig. 2 is with the die-away curve of ATEM secondary resultant field, induced polarization field and the induction field of observation (solid line indicates the secondary resultant field, and dotted line (thick line) is represented the induced polarization field, and dotted line is represented the die-away curve of induction field).The available Cole-Cole model in induced polarization field by the calculating of (4) formula is described, thereby can comparatively accurately ask for the polarization parameter of underground medium.
Specific embodiment:
The test site of choosing is the wide three sections heavy oil blocks in Tan Kou oil field.The Tan Kou oil field is positioned at Wang Chang town, Qianjiang City, Hubei Province and opens Xinxiang, and construction location is positioned at the northern northern zone of fracture stage casing of diving of basin, Jiang-Han Area Qianjiang Depression.Wide three sections viscous oil areas mainly are distributed in 34 wellblocks, pool, Tan Kou oil field and outer rim thereof, are one to have the structure stratiform heavy crude reservoir of gas cap gas.The Qianjiang Formation of 34 wellblocks, pool and the wide three sections angled unconformability of wide magnificent temple group, Qianjiang Formation oil gas are built up in the grit rock of Guang Huasi group bottom by the plane of denudation loss that makes progress, and have formed the wide three sections viscous crude of present Tan Kou.Reservoir buried depth is 620.2-625.2m only.These oil field characteristics are that oil reservoir is single and buried depth is shallow, as the test site, help checking electromagnetic method to detect the effect of remaining oil.
Position, ATEM collection point distribution plan as shown in Figure 3.Arrange 18 of surveys line altogether, 50 meters of line-spacings; 28 physical points of every survey line, point is apart from 50 meters.The total number of measuring point is 504.ATEM surveys the district and is positioned at HYDROCARBON-BEARING REGION structure top east northeast side.
The ATEM measurement parameter is:
● three-component is measured (Ex, Ey, Hz)
● power supply AB utmost point dipole moment: 2000 meters
● transmitting-receiving distance: 3000-4500 rice
● transmitter current: 30 amperes
● emissive power: 30 kilowatts
● measuring point spacing: 50 meters
● spread of electrodes: 50 meters
● the emission cycle: 4 seconds
● writing time:＞45 minutes
Induced polarization anomaly extraction effect: at first the ATEM data in Tan Kou oil field, basin, Jiang-Han Area has been carried out the resistivity inverting of the high resolution capacity of well logging constraint, and carried out cutting into slices along layer resistivity, the resistivity anomaly that has provided this district's reservoir distributes, as shown in Figure 4, find 4 of resistivity anomalies (being numbered: R01, R02, R03, R04) altogether.The ATEM data is carried out time domain swashed the extraction of electricity spectrum, obtained the sharp electricity spectrum parameter plane distribution plan of this district's steam flood inspissated pool, as shown in Figure 5, found 5 of induced polarization anomalies (being numbered IP-1, IP-2, IP-3, IP-4, IP-5).Comparison diagram 4 and Fig. 5 find, except that IP-1 does not have the correspondence unusually, IP-2, IP-3, IP-4, IP-5 induced polarization anomaly and R01, R02, R03, R04 resistivity anomaly are very identical, the unusual polarizability maximum of IP-5 wherein, and scope is maximum also.Obviously result of study has important directive significance to next step oil and gas development.
Claims (2)
1. one kind is used long offset distance transient electromagnetic Array Method to carry out the method for oil and gas detection, it is characterized in that
Earlier search coverage is carried out ATEM observation, obtain ATEM observation field data;
When unstripped induced polarization field, choose the measuring point that electric field component does not have obvious distortion or negative anomaly, utilize the ATEM data inverting of well logging constraint in the detecting area, obtain the high-resolution stratiform resistivity models of detecting area;
Carry out ATEM then and just drill, obtain the transition induction field or the field decay curve of each measuring point of detecting area;
On same observation time point, deduct above-mentioned electric field or the magnetic-field component die-away curve that obtains of just drilling with the ATEM electric field or the magnetic-field component die-away curve of actual observation, then remanent field is that time domain swashs electric field, obtains time domain thus and swashs the electricity spectrum;
Swashing the electricity spectrum with time domain is inverted parameters, uses time-domain induced polarization method, i.e. the equivalent resistivity method of layered medium, and the polarizability of underground medium is obtained in inverting;
By utilizing deep resistivity parameter and polarizability parameter to realize the detection and the evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing pool.
2. carry out the method for oil and gas detection by the long offset distance transient electromagnetic of the described utilization of claim 1 Array Method, it is characterized in that the directly existence of Indication of Oil-Gas Tibetan of described evaluation.
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