CN117191425A - Vehicle moving load loading device suitable for indoor model test - Google Patents
Vehicle moving load loading device suitable for indoor model test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种适用于室内模型试验的车辆移动荷载加载装置，所述车辆移动荷载加载装置包括车道模型，所述车道模型上设置有用于对所述车道模型产生荷载的小车模型以及用于带动所述小车模型移动的牵引装置。本发明能够准确模拟真实的车辆荷载，通过在车身设置不同的荷载位置可以模拟真实车辆前轻后重的荷载分布，通过在小车不同的荷载位置控制铁片的数量可以控制荷载的大小。
This application discloses a vehicle moving load loading device suitable for indoor model testing. The vehicle moving load loading device includes a lane model. The lane model is provided with a trolley model for generating loads on the lane model and a device for loading the lane model. A traction device that drives the car model to move. The invention can accurately simulate real vehicle loads. By setting different load positions on the car body, it can simulate the load distribution of light front and rear heavy loads of a real vehicle. By controlling the number of iron sheets at different load positions of the car, the size of the load can be controlled.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本申请属于土木工程室内模型试验技术领域，具体涉及一种适用于室内模型试验的车辆移动荷载加载装置。This application belongs to the technical field of indoor model testing of civil engineering, and specifically relates to a vehicle moving load loading device suitable for indoor model testing.
背景技术Background technique
土木工程可以简单理解为是研究结构与荷载的学科，而室内模型试验是土木工程科学研究过程中必不可少的环节，因此，如何在模型试验中考虑荷载，也就是如何设计荷载加载装置是试验设计过程中至关重要的一环。Civil engineering can be simply understood as a discipline that studies structures and loads, and indoor model testing is an essential link in the scientific research process of civil engineering. Therefore, how to consider loads in model tests, that is, how to design load loading devices, is a test A vital part of the design process.
在土木工程中，荷载可分为静荷载和动荷载，车辆移动荷载是动荷载中常见的一类。目前，在室内模型试验中，基本是采用激振器来施加移动循环往复荷载，但采用激振器一来设备成本费用高昂，二来对车辆荷载的模拟不准确，且并不直观。In civil engineering, loads can be divided into static loads and dynamic loads. Vehicle moving loads are a common type of dynamic loads. At present, in indoor model tests, shakers are basically used to apply moving cyclic reciprocating loads. However, the equipment cost of using shakers is high, and secondly, the simulation of vehicle load is inaccurate and not intuitive.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明公开了一种适用于土木工程室内模型试验的车辆移动荷载加载装置，其解决了现有的模型试验中的移动荷载加载装置存在的设备成本高昂、荷载模拟不准确、车辆模拟直观性不强的问题，从而可以有效解决背景技术中涉及的至少一个技术问题。The invention discloses a vehicle moving load loading device suitable for indoor model testing of civil engineering, which solves the problems of high equipment cost, inaccurate load simulation, and lack of intuitive vehicle simulation of existing mobile load loading devices in model testing. A strong problem, so that at least one technical problem involved in the background technology can be effectively solved.
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above objects, the technical solution of the present invention is:
一种适用于室内模型试验的车辆移动荷载加载装置，包括车道模型，所述车道模型上设置有用于对所述车道模型产生荷载的小车模型以及用于带动所述小车模型移动的牵引装置，其中：A vehicle moving load loading device suitable for indoor model testing, including a lane model. The lane model is provided with a trolley model for generating loads on the lane model and a traction device for driving the trolley model to move, wherein :
所述小车模型包括数量为两根且间隔设置的长钢条以及安装固定于两根长钢条之间用于模拟车辆不同荷载位置的短钢条，所述短钢条上开设有通孔，所述通孔内安装固定有长螺钉，在所述长螺钉上放置有用于调整荷载大小的荷载铁片；The car model includes two long steel bars arranged at intervals and short steel bars installed and fixed between the two long steel bars for simulating different load positions of the vehicle. The short steel bars are provided with through holes. A long screw is installed and fixed in the through hole, and a load iron piece for adjusting the load is placed on the long screw;
所述牵引装置包括固定架、传动带、同步惰轮以及滑动带，所述固定架通过老虎卡固定于所述车道模型的侧边，所述固定架上安装有电机，所述电机上安装有转轮，所述传动带一端设于所述转轮上，另一端与所述同步惰轮连接，所述同步惰轮通过固定杆与所述车道模型固定，所述滑动带一端设于所述同步惰轮上，另一端与所述小车模型连接。The traction device includes a fixed frame, a transmission belt, a synchronous idler wheel and a sliding belt. The fixed frame is fixed to the side of the lane model through a slotted card. A motor is installed on the fixed frame, and a rotating wheel is installed on the motor. wheel, one end of the transmission belt is provided on the runner, and the other end is connected to the synchronous idler. The synchronous idler is fixed to the lane model through a fixed rod, and one end of the sliding belt is provided on the synchronous idler. on the wheel, and the other end is connected to the car model.
作为本发明的一种优选改进，所述短钢条下方通过所述长螺钉固定有车轮。As a preferred improvement of the present invention, the wheel is fixed below the short steel bar through the long screw.
作为本发明的一种优选改进，所述长钢条的两外侧通过螺丝安装固定有滑动带固定条，所述滑动带与所述滑动带固定条连接。As a preferred improvement of the present invention, sliding belt fixing bars are installed and fixed on both outer sides of the long steel bar through screws, and the sliding belt is connected to the sliding belt fixing bar.
作为本发明的一种优选改进，所述小车模型还包括导向轮，所述导向轮设置在所述长钢条的端部以用于与所述车道模型的内壁贴合滚动。As a preferred improvement of the present invention, the trolley model further includes guide wheels, which are provided at the ends of the long steel bars for rolling in close contact with the inner wall of the lane model.
作为本发明的一种优选改进，相邻所述短钢条两两设为一组，一组短钢条上设有四个长螺钉，所述荷载铁片四角开孔与四个所述长螺钉套牢安装。As a preferred improvement of the present invention, the adjacent short steel bars are arranged in a group of two, and four long screws are provided on a group of short steel bars. The four corner openings of the load-bearing iron plate are connected with the four long screws. Install the screws securely.
作为本发明的一种优选改进，所述车道模型由顶部敞开的双腔模型箱组成。As a preferred improvement of the present invention, the lane model is composed of a double-chamber model box with an open top.
本发明的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1、本发明通过在车身设置不同的荷载位置，可以模拟真实车辆前轻后重的荷载分布，并且通过在小车不同的荷载位置控制铁片的数量，可以控制荷载的大小；1. By setting different load positions on the car body, the present invention can simulate the load distribution of a real vehicle with light front and heavy rear, and by controlling the number of iron sheets at different load positions of the car, the size of the load can be controlled;
2、利用牵引装置连接小车模型，实现小车随滑动带往复运动，从而可以模拟车辆的循环往复移动荷载；2. Use the traction device to connect the car model to realize the reciprocating movement of the car with the sliding belt, thereby simulating the cyclic reciprocating moving load of the vehicle;
3、本发明提供的车辆移动荷载加载装置设计简单，易于安装和使用，相对于常见的激振器加载装置，成本更低；3. The vehicle mobile load loading device provided by the present invention is simple in design, easy to install and use, and has lower cost than common exciter loading devices;
4、本发明提供的车辆移动荷载加载装置设计直观，能准确模拟真实的车辆荷载，并能调整车辆荷载大小及分布情况；4. The vehicle moving load loading device provided by the present invention has an intuitive design, can accurately simulate real vehicle loads, and can adjust the size and distribution of vehicle loads;
5、本发明提供的车辆移动荷载加载装置适用性强，不仅能模拟包括循环荷载在内的多种类车辆荷载情况，还能模拟不同车道数的情况。5. The vehicle moving load loading device provided by the present invention has strong applicability and can not only simulate various types of vehicle load conditions including cyclic loads, but also simulate conditions with different lane numbers.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为小车模型未放置荷载铁片的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the car model without loading iron plates;
图2为小车模型放置了荷载铁片的结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the car model with load iron plates placed on it;
图3为小车模型的部分零件示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of some parts of the car model;
图4为电机组装的结构示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the motor assembly;
图5为电机组装各零件示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the various parts of the motor assembly;
图6为本发明的整体结构示意图；Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
图7为牵引装置的结构示意图；Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the traction device;
图8为牵引装置与小车模型的连接示意图；Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the traction device and the car model;
图9为模型试验示意图。Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the model test.
图中：1-小车模型，11-长钢条，12-短钢条，13-车轮，14-长螺钉，15-导向轮，16-滑动带固定条，17-荷载铁片，2-牵引装置，21-电机，22-转轮，23-固定架，24-老虎卡，25-传动带，26-滑动带，27-固定杆，28-同步惰轮，3-车道模型，4-模型箱。In the picture: 1-car model, 11-long steel bar, 12-short steel bar, 13-wheel, 14-long screw, 15-guide wheel, 16-sliding belt fixed bar, 17-loading iron plate, 2-traction Device, 21-motor, 22-runner, 23-fixed frame, 24-tiger card, 25-transmission belt, 26-sliding belt, 27-fixed rod, 28-synchronous idler, 3-lane model, 4-model box .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示（诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……）仅用于解释在某一特定姿态（如附图所示）下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relationship between components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). Relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc., if the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.
另外，在本发明中如涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。In addition, descriptions such as "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”等应做广义理解，例如，“固定”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "connection", "fixing", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixing" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interactive relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
另外，本发明各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on what a person of ordinary skill in the art can implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be realized, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions is possible. It does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present invention.
请参阅图1至图8所示，本实施例提出了一种适用于室内模型试验的车辆移动荷载加载装置，包括车道模型3，所述车道模型3上设置有用于对所述车道模型3产生荷载的小车模型1以及用于带动所述小车模型1移动的牵引装置2。Referring to Figures 1 to 8, this embodiment proposes a vehicle moving load loading device suitable for indoor model testing, including a lane model 3. The lane model 3 is provided with a device for generating a load on the lane model 3. A loaded trolley model 1 and a traction device 2 used to drive the trolley model 1 to move.
所述小车模型1的车身由长钢条11和短钢条12组成基本框架。具体的，所述长钢条11数量为两根且平行间隔设置，所述短钢条12安装固定在两根所述长钢条11之间，所述短钢条12和长钢条11上均匀开设有通孔，位于所述短钢条12两端的通孔内安装固定有长螺钉14，车轮13通过所述长螺钉14固定在所述短钢条12的下方。The body of the car model 1 is composed of a long steel bar 11 and a short steel bar 12 to form a basic frame. Specifically, the number of the long steel bars 11 is two and they are arranged at parallel intervals. The short steel bars 12 are installed and fixed between the two long steel bars 11. The short steel bars 12 and the long steel bars 11 are Through holes are evenly provided, and long screws 14 are installed and fixed in the through holes at both ends of the short steel bar 12. The wheel 13 is fixed below the short steel bar 12 through the long screws 14.
在具体实施时，长钢条11、短钢条12和车轮13所开孔径大小应该一致，组装时将开孔对准并以螺丝固定。During specific implementation, the diameters of the openings of the long steel bar 11, the short steel bar 12 and the wheel 13 should be consistent. During assembly, the openings should be aligned and fixed with screws.
所述长螺钉14上放置有荷载铁片17，需要进一步说明的是，所述长钢条11间安装固定有多根短钢条12，一根短钢条12上安装有两根长螺钉14，相邻的短钢条12两两为一组，即一组短钢条包括四根长螺钉，具体的，所述荷载铁片17四角开孔与四个所述长螺钉套牢安装在一组短钢条上。A load-bearing iron piece 17 is placed on the long screw 14. It should be further explained that a plurality of short steel bars 12 are installed and fixed between the long steel bars 11, and two long screws 14 are installed on one short steel bar 12. , adjacent short steel bars 12 form a group in pairs, that is, a group of short steel bars includes four long screws. Specifically, the four corner openings of the load iron plate 17 are fastened with the four long screws and installed in a group. on short steel bars.
在本实施例中，可以通过设置不同的荷载位置来模拟真实车辆的荷载分布情况，同时，可以通过放置不同数量的荷载铁片来模拟不同的车辆荷载大小。In this embodiment, the load distribution of a real vehicle can be simulated by setting different load positions, and at the same time, different vehicle load sizes can be simulated by placing different numbers of load iron pieces.
所述小车模型1还包括导向轮15，所述导向轮15设置在车身侧面，在控制小车运动方向的同时也尽量减少小车与车道模型内壁的摩擦。The trolley model 1 also includes guide wheels 15, which are arranged on the side of the vehicle body to control the movement direction of the trolley while also minimizing the friction between the trolley and the inner wall of the lane model.
所述牵引装置2包括电机21、转轮22、固定架23、传动带25、滑动带26和同步惰轮28，所述转轮22安装于所述电机21上，所述电机21通过螺丝固定在所述固定架23上，所述固定架23通过老虎卡24固定于所述车道模型3的两侧，所述同步惰轮28通过固定杆27与所述车道模型3固定，所述传动带25一端设于所述转轮22上，另一端与所述同步惰轮28连接，所述滑动带26一端设于所述同步惰轮28上，另一端与所述小车模型1连接。The traction device 2 includes a motor 21, a runner 22, a fixed frame 23, a transmission belt 25, a sliding belt 26 and a synchronous idler 28. The runner 22 is installed on the motor 21, and the motor 21 is fixed on the motor 21 with screws. On the fixed frame 23, the fixed frame 23 is fixed to both sides of the lane model 3 through tiger clips 24, the synchronous idler 28 is fixed to the lane model 3 through a fixed rod 27, and one end of the transmission belt 25 The sliding belt 26 is provided on the runner 22 and the other end is connected to the synchronous idler 28. The sliding belt 26 has one end provided on the synchronous idler 28 and the other end is connected to the car model 1.
具体的，所述长钢条11的两外侧通过螺丝安装固定有滑动带固定条16，所述滑动带26与所述滑动带固定条16连接。Specifically, sliding belt fixing bars 16 are installed and fixed on both outer sides of the long steel bar 11 through screws, and the sliding belt 26 is connected to the sliding belt fixing bar 16 .
所述车道模型3由顶部敞开的双腔模型箱组成，在具体实施时，可以定制不同数量腔室的敞顶箱来模拟多车道情况。The lane model 3 is composed of a double-cavity model box with an open top. During specific implementation, open-top boxes with different numbers of chambers can be customized to simulate multi-lane situations.
如图9所示，将本发明提供的车辆移动荷载加载装置放置于模型箱4上进行试验，模型箱4中根据试验目的填土、打模拟桩或模拟地下空间。As shown in Figure 9, the vehicle moving load loading device provided by the present invention is placed on the model box 4 for testing. The model box 4 is filled with soil, driven with simulated piles or simulated underground space according to the purpose of the test.
当所述牵引装置2的电机21启动时，转轮22开始转动，传动带25也随转轮22运动，通过同步惰轮28带动滑动带26运动，滑动带26通过滑动带固定条16牵引小车模型1运动。When the motor 21 of the traction device 2 starts, the runner 22 starts to rotate, and the transmission belt 25 also moves with the runner 22, driving the sliding belt 26 to move through the synchronous idler 28, and the sliding belt 26 pulls the car model through the sliding belt fixing bar 16 1 movement.
当小车模型1开始运动时，导向轮15与车道模型3内壁贴合滚动，保证小车模型1在平行于车道模型3的方向上移动。When the trolley model 1 starts to move, the guide wheels 15 roll closely with the inner wall of the lane model 3 to ensure that the trolley model 1 moves in a direction parallel to the lane model 3 .
本实施例中，可编制不同的程序来控制电机21，从而实现模拟不同车速、不同往复循环次数的车辆移动荷载。In this embodiment, different programs can be compiled to control the motor 21, thereby simulating vehicle moving loads with different vehicle speeds and different numbers of reciprocating cycles.
本发明的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1、本发明通过在车身设置不同的荷载位置，可以模拟真实车辆前轻后重的荷载分布，并且通过在小车不同的荷载位置控制铁片的数量，可以控制荷载的大小；1. By setting different load positions on the car body, the present invention can simulate the load distribution of a real vehicle with light front and heavy rear, and by controlling the number of iron sheets at different load positions of the car, the size of the load can be controlled;
2、利用牵引装置连接小车模型，实现小车随滑动带往复运动，从而可以模拟车辆的循环往复移动荷载；2. Use the traction device to connect the car model to realize the reciprocating movement of the car with the sliding belt, thereby simulating the cyclic reciprocating moving load of the vehicle;
3、本发明提供的车辆移动荷载加载装置设计简单，易于安装和使用，相对于常见的激振器加载装置，成本更低；3. The vehicle mobile load loading device provided by the present invention is simple in design, easy to install and use, and has lower cost than common exciter loading devices;
4、本发明提供的车辆移动荷载加载装置设计直观，能准确模拟真实的车辆荷载，并能调整车辆荷载大小及分布情况；4. The vehicle moving load loading device provided by the present invention has an intuitive design, can accurately simulate real vehicle loads, and can adjust the size and distribution of vehicle loads;
5、本发明提供的车辆移动荷载加载装置适用性强，不仅能模拟包括循环荷载在内的多种类车辆荷载情况，还能模拟不同车道数的情况。5. The vehicle moving load loading device provided by the present invention has strong applicability and can not only simulate various types of vehicle load conditions including cyclic loads, but also simulate conditions with different lane numbers.
上面结合附图对本申请的实施例进行了描述，但是本申请并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的启示下，在不脱离本申请宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，均属于本申请的保护之内。The embodiments of the present application have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations. The above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative and not restrictive. Those of ordinary skill in the art will Inspired by this application, many forms can be made without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope protected by the claims, all of which fall within the protection of this application.
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