CN117189467A - Vertical wind motor system and wind power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a vertical wind power system and a wind power generation system. The vertical wind motor system is provided with a longitudinal wind motor shaft, and a wind barrel formed by arc-shaped blades for starting and a wind wheel for high-speed rotation are arranged on the wind motor shaft. The wind motor of the vertical wind power generation system adopts the vertical wind motor system, the generator adopts a vertical outer rotor generator, and the outer rotor motor is connected with a rotating system consisting of a wind wheel and a blade wind barrel. The invention can improve the stability of the high-speed running of the air motor, reduce vibration and noise and optimize the output characteristic while realizing the low-wind speed self-starting of the air motor.

Description

Vertical wind motor system and wind power generation system

Technical Field

The invention relates to a vertical wind power system and a vertical wind power generation system adopting the vertical wind power system.

Background

The wind power machine (or called a wind turbine) is equipment for converting wind energy into rotary mechanical energy in a wind power generation system, and mainly can be divided into a horizontal shaft form and a vertical shaft form according to the arrangement mode/gesture of a rotating shaft, wherein the vertical shaft wind power machine is not influenced by wind direction, a yaw system is not required to be arranged, and the wind power machine has stronger advantages in certain occasions, particularly in a region with relatively low wind speed.

Vertical axis wind turbines are divided into two main types, namely drag type and lift type, wherein the drag type wind turbine is typically a Savonius (Savonius or Savonius) wind turbine, the rotation of the wind wheel is pushed by using the pressure difference formed by the air flow in front of and behind the blades, and the reverse moment generated by the drag type wind turbine blades in the upwind area is larger, so that the wind energy utilization rate is lower, and the application is limited. At present, lift type wind turbines are more commonly used, and are typically Darrieus (or Darrieus) wind turbines, and all lift type vertical axis wind turbines are considered to be classified as Darrieus type wind turbines. The darrieus wind power generator is the earliest lift type vertical axis wind power generator, is invented by a name of G.J.M. Darrieus engineer, obtains a patent in 1931, but is not paid attention to, and has practical value only through great research conducted in an aerodynamic laboratory of Canadian countries and a sandia laboratory in America, and the wind power generator of the darrieus wind power generator is known to have the highest wind power utilization coefficient compared with all vertical axis wind power generators.

In order to obtain better performance, people are continuously improved on the basis of a classical Darlier wind driven generator. For example, chinese patent document CN106032791a discloses a lift complementary type vertical axis wind turbine, which comprises a wind wheel, a disk generator, a main shaft and a connecting piece, wherein the wind wheel is a combined wind wheel, that is, a Savonius wind wheel and a Darrieus wind wheel are combined, the Savonius wind wheel comprises two micro S-shaped blades and an upper circular supporting plate and a lower circular supporting plate for fixing the blades, the two micro S-shaped blades are correspondingly distributed on the circular supporting plate in parallel and are symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the wind wheel, the outer plate surfaces of the upper circular supporting plate and the lower circular supporting plate are respectively provided with 4 reinforcing ribs, an included angle of 90 ° is formed between the 4 reinforcing ribs, the Darrieus wind wheel is a Darrieus phi wind wheel, three arc plates are adopted as the blades, and the arc plates comprise an arc part positioned at the middle section and straight line parts positioned at two ends of the arc part, and the advantages of the two wind wheels are exerted through the combined form, so that the low wind speed self-starting is realized, and the power generation efficiency is improved. For another example, chinese patent document CN115539294a discloses a wind-solar supplementary vertical axis wind turbine generator system, which comprises an impeller set and a support column for mounting the impeller set, wherein the blades of the impeller set are attached to and mounted with a photovoltaic panel set, the blades are approximately in the shape of an arc of a vertical plane, the number of the blades is three, the blades are distributed at equal intervals, a conductive sleeve ring is arranged below the impeller set, and the conductive sleeve ring is mounted on the support column and is used for electrically communicating the photovoltaic panel set with a storage battery, so that two energy sources of wind energy and light energy are utilized, and the power supply capability and the power supply stability are improved.

In the embodiments defined or given in the prior art, the number of the blades of the Darrieus wind wheel is 3, and the blades are uniformly distributed at equal intervals (angular distances) of 120 degrees, which is also a typical Darrieus blade arrangement mode of the Darrieus wind machine in practice, and the number and arrangement mode of the blades can achieve good effects under the condition that no other structures interfere with airflow. Other problems may arise when there is interference with the airflow by other structures. For example, in the technical solution disclosed in the foregoing CN106032791a, since the Savonius wind wheel blocks the wind flowing through the Darrieus wind wheel, the wind force and the direction of the blades of the Darrieus wind wheel on the windward side and the leeward side may be obviously different, which affects the stability of the operation of the Darrieus wind wheel, resulting in an increase of vibration and noise, and also adversely affecting the mechanical energy output characteristics of the wind turbine and the electrical energy output characteristics of the generator.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the vertical wind power system and the vertical wind power generation system adopting the vertical wind power system, so that the running stability of the wind power system is improved, the vibration and the noise are reduced, and the output characteristic is optimized while the low wind speed self-starting of the wind power system is realized.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the vertical wind motor system (called vertical wind motor for short, or wind motor for short) is provided with a longitudinal (usually vertical in use) fan shaft, wind cylinders (such as Savonius wind cylinders or Savonius wind wheels) formed by arc-shaped blades (called S-shaped blades) for starting and wind wheels (such as Darrieus wind wheels, especially phi-shaped Darrieus wind wheels) for high-speed rotation are arranged on the fan shaft, the number of blades of the wind wheels (which are main blades of the wind motor, the blades of the Darrieus wind wheels or the blades of the vertical wind wheels in other suitable forms) is 4, the equal angular distance (namely, the equal angular distance) is distributed (namely, adjacent blades are 90 degrees), the wind cylinders are positioned on the inner side of the wind wheels, an integrated wind power rotation system is formed by the wind cylinders and the wind wheels, the number of the wind cylinders is one or more, and the wind cylinders are distributed up and down in sequence.

The wind cylinders can be fixedly arranged on the fan shaft (or the main body part of the fan shaft), a plurality of wind cylinders can be fixedly connected, an integrated wind cylinder group is formed, and the wind cylinders can be not directly connected with each other.

Preferably, the vertical span (or longitudinal span, referring to the dimension in the direction of extension of the fan axis, also referred to as the height of all Savonius cylinders, for short the total cylinder height) of all cylinders (said one or more cylinders) coincides with (or corresponds to, or is equal to) the vertical span in the middle of the space inside the wind rotor, except for the parts occupied by other elements/structures, and including the case of practically allowable assembly gaps, etc. without substantial negative effects.

Preferably, the blades of the wind turbine (the main body portion of the blade) employ a symmetrical airfoil, that is, a cross-section (a cross-section perpendicular to the extending direction of the blade) having the same/similar shape as the airfoil cross-section of the symmetrical airfoil; alternatively, the blades of the wind wheel adopt concave-convex wing shapes, that is, the cross-sectional shape of the blades is the same as/similar to the cross-sectional shape of the wing of the concave-convex wing shape, and the convex surface faces outwards.

Preferably, the blades of the rotor are arranged in such a manner (attitude) that the lift force is zero at both lateral side positions (both end positions in the blade sweep plane perpendicular to the vertical axis and the external airflow direction).

Preferably, the wind drum radius (the radius of the blade sweep of the wind drum) is one seventh to one fifth (inclusive) of the wind wheel radius (the radius of the largest horizontal cross section of the blade sweep of the wind wheel).

Preferably, the number of the air cylinders is three, the three air cylinders are the same air cylinders, and the air cylinders are distributed at intervals of 120 degrees in the circumferential direction (the angular distance/angular difference in the circumferential direction of the adjacent air cylinders is 120 degrees).

Preferably, the upper and lower ends of the blades of the wind wheel are provided with horizontal connecting sections, and the horizontal connecting sections and the main body part are in smooth transition.

Preferably, the upper ends of the blades of the wind wheel are in floating rotary connection with the fan shaft.

Further, the fan shaft adopts a longitudinal fixed shaft (which is vertical in a use state), a floating shaft which is vertically and slidingly connected with the longitudinal fixed shaft is arranged on the longitudinal fixed shaft, and the upper ends of the blades of the wind wheel are rotationally connected with the floating shaft, so that the floating rotational connection of the blades of the wind wheel and the fan shaft is realized.

The vertical wind power generation system is provided with a wind power machine and a generator driven by the wind power machine, wherein the wind power machine adopts any vertical wind power machine system disclosed by the invention.

Preferably, the generator is an outer rotor generator, the fan shaft (longitudinal fixed shaft) is connected with the stator shaft of the generator coaxially up and down (the axes are positioned on the same straight line) (including adopting an integrated structure), and the lower ends of blades of the wind wheel and the wind barrel are fixedly connected with the outer rotor of the generator.

The combination of the air mover and the engine may be fixedly mounted on the post or any other suitable mounting basis. When the fan is mounted on the upright, the axes of the upright and the fan shaft are preferably the same vertical straight line.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: because the wind wheel is provided with 4 blades distributed at equal angular intervals, when one blade is positioned on the windward side (or the forefront end of the blade sweep surface in the windward direction), the other blade opposite to the one blade (positioned on the same diameter) is positioned on the leeward side (or the rearrear end of the blade sweep surface in the windward direction), namely, the stress condition of the whole wind wheel is consistent with the stress condition of the whole wind wheel when any blade is positioned on the windward side and the stress condition of the whole wind wheel when the blade is positioned on the leeward side (the conditions such as rotating speed, wind force and the like are not changed), and therefore, although the stress condition of the blade on the windward side is different from the stress condition on the leeward side due to the interference of a wind barrel, the stress condition of the whole wind wheel is not changed, additional vibration and noise are not generated due to the change of the stress condition of the wind wheel, and fluctuation of wind machine output and generator output is not generated due to the change of the stress condition of the wind wheel; the height (vertical span) of the wind barrel combination is identical (basically identical) with the height (vertical span) of the wind wheel, so that the blocking effect on the wind of the horizontal wind direction is basically the same at different height positions, vertical (vertical) turbulence caused by blocking the horizontal wind only at the middle part or the lower part (vertical middle part or lower part) is reduced or avoided, the stress condition of the wind wheel blades at the leeward side (and nearby) is improved, and the forward moment is improved; in addition, the number and the solidity of the blades of the wind wheel are properly increased, and the wind energy utilization coefficient of the wind driven generator is effectively improved and the power generation capacity is increased through reasonable size matching with the wind cylinder. According to the comparative experiments in a plurality of northern areas, under the condition that other conditions/structures are unchanged, the solar power generation capacity is improved by about 20 percent under reasonable control relative to the corresponding wind driven generators with 3 blades and 2 wind cylinders (single wind cylinders).

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a wind turbine according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a (front view) schematic construction of a wind power generation system according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of a (front view) structure of a wind power generation system according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1-3, the wind power machine (or wind turbine) and the wind power generator of the present invention are all arranged vertically. The wind motor shaft 1 is a vertical shaft (also may be referred to as a longitudinal shaft, and is usually vertical in use state), and blades 3 (may be referred to as wind blades) of a phi-type Darrieus wind wheel (or other suitable form of wind wheel, and the same applies hereinafter) and Savonius wind wheels (or other suitable form of wind drums capable of starting at low wind speed, and the same applies hereinafter) 4 are arranged on the wind motor shaft, and can be regarded as a wind motor combined by the Darrieus wind wheel and the Savonius wind wheel, wherein the Savonius wind wheel can adopt any suitable prior art, and is selected according to the requirements of starting wind power/wind speed, size matching and cooperative work with the Darrieus wind wheel, and the like. The Savonius wind wheel is arranged in an area (a sweeping surface) surrounded by the Darrieus wind wheel blades, and the two wind wheels are fixedly connected and further rotate together. The two parts can be directly and fixedly connected at a certain position, or fixedly connected through a connecting piece, or fixedly connected to other pieces so as to realize the relative fixation between the two parts, and the two parts are not obstructed. The two wind wheels (Savonius wind wheel and Darrieus wind wheel) can be rotatably connected (e.g. connected by a bearing) with the fan shaft according to the movement relation with the fan shaft so as to allow the two wind wheels to rotate relative to the fan shaft; the two wind wheels can also be fixedly connected with the fan shaft to drive the fan shaft to rotate together.

The number of Savonius wind cylinders may be one, and the height (vertical dimension) of the Savonius wind cylinders should meet the requirement of the total height (vertical span of all Savonius wind cylinders) of the Savonius wind cylinders. The number of the Savonius wind cylinders can also be multiple, and the multiple Savonius wind cylinders are sequentially connected into a whole, the whole can be called a Savonius wind cylinder group (or a Savonius wind wheel group), and the total height (vertical dimension) of the Savonius wind cylinders meets the requirement on the total height of the Savonius wind cylinders.

As a preferred embodiment, the number of Savonius wind cylinders is three, and the three Savonius wind cylinders are distributed at intervals of 120 ° in the circumferential direction, that is, the angular distance/angular difference in the circumferential direction of adjacent Savonius wind cylinders is 120 °, so as to reduce the fluctuation of the overall stress in the rotation process, improve the running stability, and avoid the excessively complex structure.

As a preferred embodiment, the total height of the Savonius wind tunnel should be matched to the vertical span of the middle of the inner space of the Darrieus wind tunnel (the height of the inner space of the Darrieus wind tunnel sweep in the middle area), so that the Savonius wind tunnel (or wind tunnel group) can effectively block all areas (except the areas occupied by other objects) near the inner axis (or fan axis) of the Darrieus wind tunnel in the vertical direction. Because the Savonius wind cylinder is completely shielded in the vertical direction, for horizontal incoming wind, the stress conditions (airflow directions, speeds and pressures) of the main body parts of the blades positioned on the leeward side in different vertical positions are approximately the same in the Darrieus wind wheel, so that the difference of the stress conditions in different vertical positions is effectively reduced, especially, the vertical turbulence (vertical component of turbulence) caused by the arrangement of the Savonius wind cylinder in the area where the blades of the leeward side wind wheel are positioned is effectively reduced, the energy loss is reduced, the lift force and the forward torque of the wind wheel blades rotating to the leeward side (and the nearby area) are improved, and the optimization design and the processing and the manufacturing of the wind wheel blades are facilitated.

The total height of the Savonius wind cylinder can be set according to the space height between the upper end and the lower end (and the adjacent part, if appropriate) of the blade (or called a wind wheel blade) without other solid parts/solid structures, and in practice, a certain gap which does not have substantial negative influence, such as an assembling gap, can be reserved according to processing and assembling conditions. In general, the Savonius wind tunnel should not be in contact with the main body portion of the blade unless it is determined that the contact with each other is made at some place for some purpose, for example, the upper and lower ends of the blade should be in contact with/connected to each other with the Savonius wind tunnel depending on the connection manner, or a connection bar for connecting/tying the middle portion of the blade is provided as in some earlier prior arts. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the blades are allowed to deform during operation (mainly under centrifugal force), in which case a certain distance/clearance should be left to ensure that the blades (body part) remain out of contact with the Savonius duct after deformation during operation, avoiding interference with each other.

The wind turbine blade may be of any suitable prior art, and a convenient preferred embodiment is to use symmetrical wing profiles for the blade (the main body of the blade), i.e. the cross-section (the cross-section perpendicular to the direction of extension of the blade) is the same as/similar to the cross-section of a wing of a symmetrical wing profile, and in the case of undisturbed wind (or air flow) the lift or forward torque of such a blade on the windward side and on the leeward side is the same, so that an optimal analysis and design is facilitated, and in general satisfactory output can be obtained.

Another preferred embodiment is to use a concave-convex airfoil for the blade, i.e. with a cross-sectional shape identical/similar to the cross-sectional shape of the airfoil of the concave-convex airfoil and with the convex surface facing outwards. The blades are beneficial to obtaining large lift force/torque, and particularly, as the Saranius wind cylinder is arranged in the Darrieus wind wheel and is blocked on a straight line path/channel between the windward side and the leeward side, the air flow field where the blades positioned on the leeward side are positioned is obviously different from the air flow field where the blades positioned on the windward side are positioned, and according to experiments, under the common wind force condition, the blades with concave-convex wing shapes have larger output and are more stable to operate.

As a preferred embodiment, the blades of the concave-convex airfoil are preferably arranged in such a way that the lift force at the two lateral sides is zero, and the angle between the chord line and the radial direction (radius, or radius of the sweep in the horizontal direction) of the Darrieus wind wheel at the corresponding position is determined experimentally, and is usually not 90 °. The included angle between the chord line of the symmetrical wing type blade and the radial direction of the Darrieus wind wheel at the corresponding position can be 90 DEG

Due to the blocking/interference of the Savonius wind cylinder on the air flow, the Savonius wind cylinder and the Darrieus wind wheel are appropriately sized and proportioned, so that the air flow pushing or bypassing the Savonius wind cylinder has an optimized action effect on the blades positioned on the leeward side, and higher torque, higher running stability, better starting performance and the like are obtained. According to experiments, the relatively suitable size ratio capable of meeting the requirements is that the radius of the Savonius wind wheel is between one seventh and one fifth of the radius of the Darrieus wind wheel.

The upper and lower both ends of wind turbine blade all are equipped with horizontal linkage segment 4, and the horizontal linkage segment of blade and the main part smooth transition of blade are connected (including direct connection and indirect connection through other realization) with the fan axle through upper and lower horizontal linkage segment, and this kind of blade structure and corresponding connected mode can obviously reduce or avoid the stress concentration at the junction, prevents the cracked phenomenon of junction that easily appears under high rotational speed.

The connection of the upper ends of the rotor blades to the wind turbine shaft may be by any suitable connection, such as a rotational connection (e.g. via a bearing connection) that does not allow for vertical movement (relative movement). A preferred embodiment is that the upper ends of the blades are in floating and rotating connection with the fan shaft, so that the blades are allowed to have different deformation amounts at different rotating speeds through the up-and-down floating of the connection part, and damage to the blades and the connection structure between the blades and the fan shaft due to deformation stress is avoided.

A preferable floating connection mode is that a fan shaft adopts a longitudinal fixed shaft, a floating shaft which is vertically and slidably connected with the longitudinal fixed shaft is arranged on the longitudinal fixed shaft, the floating shaft can be a sliding sleeve sleeved on the longitudinal fixed shaft or a sliding shaft which is inserted on the longitudinal fixed shaft, the floating shaft can slide up and down relative to the fan shaft and cannot shake/swing, and the upper ends of blades are rotatably connected with the floating shaft (for example, are connected through bearings), so that the floating rotation connection of the blades and the fan shaft is realized.

Spline fit, particularly long spline fit, can be adopted between the floating shaft and the longitudinal fixed shaft.

The wind motor can be used for a wind power generation system, the input shaft of the generator 5 is fixedly connected with a fan shaft or connected with the fan shaft through a transmission mechanism, and the generator is driven to rotate through the wind motor to generate electricity.

The generator is preferably arranged vertically, and the input shaft faces vertically upwards. Thus, a vertical wind power generation system is formed, wherein the wind power machine and the generator are vertically arranged.

As a preferred embodiment, the generator adopts an outer rotor generator, in which case, the lower ends of the blades and the lower end of the Savonius wind barrel can be fixedly connected with the outer rotor of the generator to drive the outer rotor to rotate, the fan shaft is set as a fixed shaft, and the lower end of the fan shaft (for example, the lower end of the longitudinal fixed shaft) is coaxially connected with the stator shaft of the generator (the axes are positioned on the same straight line) up and down (including adopting an integral structure) to form an integral fixed shaft.

The wind motor and the generator form a main body (working part or working part) of the wind power generator system, and the combination of the wind motor and the generator can be arranged on a stand column, or on a platform type installation foundation arranged on a roof, or on a ground three-dimensional bracket. For example, a box 6 provided with a framework can be used as a ground three-dimensional support, a door 7 is arranged on the box, a wind motor and a generator are assembled and installed on the top of the box, and an energy storage device and a corresponding control circuit and/or a controller are arranged in the box, so that a power supply unit based on wind power generation is formed.

The preferred and optional technical means disclosed in the present invention may be arbitrarily combined to form a plurality of different specific embodiments unless otherwise specified and when one preferred or optional technical means is further defined as another technical means.

Claims (10)

1. The vertical wind motor system is provided with a longitudinal wind motor shaft, and wind cylinders and wind wheels for high-speed rotation, which are formed by arc-shaped blades for starting, are arranged on the wind motor shaft, and the vertical wind motor system is characterized in that the number of the blades of the wind wheels is 4, the wind cylinders are distributed at equal angles, are positioned on the inner side of the wind wheels, form an integrated wind power rotation system with the wind wheels, the number of the wind cylinders is one or more, and the wind cylinders are distributed up and down in sequence.

2. The vertical wind turbine system of claim 1, wherein the vertical span of all wind cylinders coincides with the vertical span of the middle of the space inside the wind wheel.

3. The vertical wind turbine system of claim 1, wherein the blades of the rotor are arranged with zero lift at lateral side positions.

4. The vertical wind turbine system of claim 1, wherein the wind tunnel radius is one seventh to one fifth of the wind wheel radius.

5. The vertical air motor system according to claim 1, wherein the number of the air cylinders is three, the three air cylinders are the same air cylinders, and the air cylinders are distributed at 120 degrees in the circumferential direction.

6. The vertical wind turbine system of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower ends of the blades of the wind wheel are each provided with a horizontal connecting section, the horizontal connecting section being smoothly transited to the main body portion.

7. The vertical wind turbine system of claim 6, wherein the upper ends of the blades of the rotor are floatingly rotatably coupled to the fan shaft.

8. The vertical wind turbine system of claim 7, wherein the fan shaft is a longitudinal fixed shaft, a floating shaft vertically slidably connected to the longitudinal fixed shaft is provided on the longitudinal fixed shaft, and the upper ends of the blades of the wind wheel are rotatably connected to the floating shaft, thereby realizing a floating rotation connection of the blades of the wind wheel and the fan shaft.

9. A vertical wind power generation system provided with a wind power mechanism and a generator driven by the wind power mechanism, characterized in that the wind power mechanism adopts the vertical wind power system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The vertical wind power generation system of claim 9, wherein the generator is an external rotor generator, the shaft of the generator is coaxially connected with the stator shaft of the generator up and down, and the lower wind cylinders of the blades of the wind wheel and the lower ends of the wind cylinder groups are fixedly connected with the external rotor of the generator.