CN117185489A - Constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117185489A CN117185489A CN202311026398.1A CN202311026398A CN117185489A CN 117185489 A CN117185489 A CN 117185489A CN 202311026398 A CN202311026398 A CN 202311026398A CN 117185489 A CN117185489 A CN 117185489A
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- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[La](Cl)Cl ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- JADCRDGLVKLKOG-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Al+3].[Cl-].[La+3].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] Chemical compound [Al+3].[Cl-].[La+3].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] JADCRDGLVKLKOG-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 56
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 gravel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a denitrification and dephosphorization filler for an artificial wetland and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the steps of activating volcanic rock by an activating agent and then crushing the volcanic rock into volcanic rock particles with the particle size of 10-30 mm; adding the prepared volcanic rock particles into the polyaluminium chloride lanthanum solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:20-30 g/mL, soaking at normal temperature for reaction for 1-5h, filtering, drying, roasting and grinding to obtain a nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent; adding the nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent, the biochar, the steel slag and the fly ash in proportion, fully stirring, transferring to forming equipment, pressing into fillers with different shapes, and air-drying. The filler prepared by the invention has a strong environment purification function, has a good denitrification and dephosphorization effect, has a certain adsorption capacity on heavy metals, can reduce the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in water, and reduces the input of heavy metals to the water. Can realize the virtuous circle of the ecological protection function of the constructed wetland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment materials, and particularly relates to a constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The constructed wetland is constructed and managed and controlled by manpower, and is a professional system engineering consisting of water, filler and aquatic organisms. The filler is the most important factor for realizing the denitrification and dephosphorization functions of the wetland, but the natural fillers (such as gravel, zeolite and the like) common in the market have lower denitrification and dephosphorization efficiency, and are generally difficult to realize the design requirements for projects with limited area or higher requirements on the quality of effluent (surface water IV and above). Therefore, for the problems of single performance of the constructed wetland filler, the requirement of combined filler and the like, the development of the high-performance denitrification and dephosphorization filler is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler and a preparation method thereof, so as to improve the denitrification and dephosphorization efficiency of the constructed wetland.
According to the first aspect of the invention, the constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler is prepared from nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent, biomass charcoal, steel slag, fly ash and volcanic rock particles with the particle size of 10-30mm, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent to the biological charcoal to the steel slag to the fly ash to the volcanic rock particles is 1 (0.1-0.5): 1-5: 2-5.
Preferably, the volcanic rock particles are subjected to an activator Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH activation, said activator Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH mass ratio = 1:2, the mass ratio of the volcanic rock to the activator is 10:1.
Preferably, the biochar is mainly straw plant carbonized particles.
Preferably, the carbonization process of the biochar comprises the following steps: crushing and granulating the straw into 10-30mm, then placing the straw into a carbonization furnace, carbonizing the straw for 2h at a high temperature of 400 ℃, heating the straw at a speed of 10 ℃/min, and cooling the straw to obtain the straw-stalk composite material.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a denitrification and dephosphorization filler for constructed wetland, comprising the steps of:
(1) Placing volcanic rock and an activating agent in a muffle furnace, roasting at normal pressure, cooling to room temperature, and crushing the volcanic rock and the activating agent into volcanic rock particles with the particle size of 10-30 mm;
(2) Adding volcanic rock particles prepared in the step (1) into a solution of poly aluminum lanthanum chloride (PLMB) according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20-30 g/mL, soaking at normal temperature for reaction for 1-5h, filtering, drying, roasting and grinding to obtain a nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent;
(3) And finally, adding the nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent, the biochar, the steel slag and the fly ash according to a proportion, fully stirring, transferring to forming equipment, pressing into fillers with different shapes, and finally, carrying out forced air drying.
Preferably, in the step (1), the roasting temperature is 400-600 ℃ and the roasting time is 2h.
Preferably, in the step (2), the drying temperature is 105 ℃, the drying time is 1h, the roasting temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the roasting time is 1h.
Preferably, the concentration of the polyaluminum lanthanum chloride (PLMB) solution is 0.5-1.0 wt%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of each component in the final preparation of the denitrification and dephosphorization filler is as follows: 5-10% of biochar and 1-10% of nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent.
Preferably, the activator is Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH, said activator Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH mass ratio = 1:2, the mass ratio of the volcanic rock to the activator is 10:1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler has a strong environment purification function, has a good denitrification and dephosphorization effect, has a certain adsorption capacity on heavy metals, reduces the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in a water body, and reduces the input of heavy metals into the water body. The good nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption performance of the filler provides nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients for the vegetation growth of the constructed wetland, has a promoting effect on the vegetation growth and development of the constructed wetland, and realizes the virtuous circle of the ecological protection function of the constructed wetland.
The constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler is formed by volcanic rock, has better strength and specific surface area, can resist water flow erosion and provide rich adsorption sites, thereby having better scouring resistance and denitrification and dephosphorization capability. In addition, volcanic rock is mine exploitation waste, and has the advantages of wide raw material sources, low cost and the like.
The constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler realizes the resource utilization of steel slag and fly ash, and reduces the secondary pollution and damage to the environment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Further, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic can be included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings, the cross-sectional view of the device structure is not to scale in the general sense for ease of illustration, and the drawings are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in actual fabrication.
The terms "mounted, connected, and coupled" should be construed broadly in this disclosure unless otherwise specifically indicated and defined, such as: can be fixed connection, detachable connection or integral connection; it may also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a direct connection, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be a communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The constructed wetland is constructed and managed and controlled by manpower, and is a professional system engineering consisting of water, filler and aquatic organisms. The filler is the most important factor for realizing the denitrification and dephosphorization functions of the wetland, but the natural fillers (such as gravel, zeolite and the like) common in the market have lower denitrification and dephosphorization efficiency, and are generally difficult to realize the design requirements for projects with limited area or higher requirements on the quality of effluent (surface water IV and above).
Therefore, for the problems of single performance of the constructed wetland filler, the requirement of combined filler and the like, the development of the high-performance denitrification and dephosphorization filler is urgent.
Volcanic rock is a common and commonly used natural filler, has wide production area distribution and large yield, and mainly comprises Al2O3 and SiO2, and also contains Fe2O3, caO, mgO and other components with different amounts. Because of its abundant and developed pore structure, it is often used as a matrix for artificial wetlands. Fly ash and steel slag are common industrial byproducts, have strong adsorption capacity to phosphorus and are not easy to desorb, but have less resource utilization, and are mainly used for building material aggregates at present.
Example 1
Based on the above, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment provides a method for preparing a denitrification and dephosphorization filler for an artificial wetland, comprising the steps of:
(1) 10g of volcanic rock and 5mL (1.0 mol/L) of an activating agent are placed in a muffle furnace, baked for 2 hours at the normal pressure of 450 ℃, cooled to room temperature, and crushed into 20mm volcanic rock particles.
(2) Adding volcanic rock particles prepared in the step (1) into PLMB solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:25g/ml, soaking at normal temperature for 2 hours, filtering, drying at 105 ℃ for 1 hour, roasting at 450 ℃ for 1 hour, and grinding to obtain the nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent. The concentration of the polyaluminum lanthanum chloride solution is 0.5wt%.
(3) Finally, volcanic rock particles prepared in the step (2) are mixed with 2.0g of biochar, 5.0g of steel slag and 3.0g of fly ash, the mixture is fully stirred and then transferred to forming equipment, the mixture is pressed into particle filler with the particle size of 10-30mm, and finally, the particle filler is subjected to forced air drying, so that the artificial wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler with excellent performance is obtained.
Example 2
The preparation process of this example was carried out according to the following steps:
(1) 10g of volcanic rock and 5mL (1.0 mol/L) of an activating agent are placed in a muffle furnace, baked for 4 hours at the normal pressure of 500 ℃, cooled to room temperature, and crushed into volcanic rock particles of 15 mm.
(2) Adding volcanic rock particles prepared in the step (1) into a polyaluminum chloride lanthanum solution according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20g/ml, soaking the volcanic rock particles at normal temperature for 2 hours, filtering the volcanic rock particles, drying the volcanic rock particles at 105 ℃ for 1 hour, roasting the volcanic rock particles at 470 ℃ for 1 hour, and grinding the roasted volcanic rock particles to obtain the nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent. The concentration of the polyaluminum lanthanum chloride solution is 1.0wt%.
(3) And finally, mixing volcanic rock particles prepared in the step (2) with 5.0g of steel slag and 3.0g of fly ash, fully stirring, transferring to forming equipment, pressing into particle filler with the particle size of 10-30mm, and finally, carrying out forced air drying to obtain the constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler with excellent performance.
Example 3
The preparation process of this example was carried out according to the following steps:
(1) 20g of volcanic rock and 10mL of an activating agent are placed in a muffle furnace, baked for 2 hours at the normal pressure of 550 ℃, cooled to room temperature, and crushed into volcanic rock particles of 20 mm.
(2) Adding volcanic rock particles prepared in the step (1) into a polyaluminum lanthanum chloride solution according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25g/ml, soaking at normal temperature for reaction for 3 hours, filtering, drying at 105 ℃ for 1 hour, roasting at 500 ℃ for 1 hour, and grinding to obtain a nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent, wherein the concentration of the polyaluminum lanthanum chloride solution is 0.7%.
(3) Finally, mixing volcanic rock particles in the step (2) with 4.5g of biochar, 9.0g of steel slag and 8.0g of fly ash, fully stirring, transferring to forming equipment, pressing into particle filler with the particle size of 10-30mm, and finally carrying out forced air drying to obtain the constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler with excellent performance.
Example 4
The preparation process of this example was carried out according to the following steps:
(1) Volcanic rock 22g and 11mL of an activating agent are placed in a muffle furnace, baked for 2 hours at the normal pressure of 600 ℃, cooled to room temperature, and crushed into 25mm volcanic rock particles.
(2) Adding volcanic rock particles prepared in the step (1) into a polyaluminum lanthanum chloride solution according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25g/ml, soaking at normal temperature for reaction for 3 hours, filtering, drying at 105 ℃ for 1 hour, roasting at 500 ℃ for 1 hour, and grinding to obtain a nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent, wherein the concentration of the polyaluminum lanthanum chloride solution is 0.5%.
(3) Finally, mixing volcanic rock particles in the step (2) with 5.0g of biochar, 10.0g of steel slag and 10.0g of fly ash, fully stirring, transferring to forming equipment, pressing into particle filler with the particle size of 10-30mm, and finally carrying out forced air drying to obtain the constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler with excellent performance.
Nitrogen-phosphorus adsorption test
5g of the constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler (example 1), gravel, steel slag, filler without adding biochar and filler without loading nitrogen and phosphorus adsorbent are respectively weighed and placed in a 250mL conical flask, 100mL nitrogen and phosphorus solutions with different concentrations are respectively added, the residual concentration after adsorption is measured, and the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is calculated, so that the result is shown in Table 1.
The preparation method of the filler without adding biochar is basically the same as that of example 1, except that: 2.0g of biochar need not be added during the preparation of the mixture:
the process for preparing the filler without nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent was substantially the same as in example 1, except that: the activated volcanic rock particles are not soaked in the polyaluminum lanthanum chloride so as to generate chemical reaction.
In the test, the adsorption conditions of different fillers to nitrogen and phosphorus are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by different fillers
In the adsorption test of nitrogen and phosphorus by different fillers, compared with the filler without adding biochar and without loading nitrogen and phosphorus adsorbent, the filler in the embodiment 1 of the invention can be seen that in the initial solutions with the nitrogen concentration and the initial phosphorus concentration of 10mg/L, 20mg/L, 30mg/L, 40mg/L, 50mg/L and 100mg/L, the gravel adsorption capacity is only between 0.08 and 0.55mg/L, the steel slag adsorption capacity is only between 0.12 and 0.67mg/L, and the adsorption capacity of the non-loading nitrogen and phosphorus adsorbent is between 0.21 and 1.29mg/L, so that the adsorption capacity of the non-loading nitrogen and phosphorus adsorbent on nitrogen and phosphorus is stronger than that of single gravel or steel slag.
In addition, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent without adding the biochar is between 0.29 and 2.95mg/L, and compared with the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent without loading the nitrogen and the phosphorus, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent without adding the biochar on the nitrogen and the phosphorus is stronger than that of the adsorbent without loading the nitrogen and the phosphorus.
Finally, comparing the adsorption filler in the invention with the above comparison groups, it can be seen that the adsorption capacity of the filler in the invention to nitrogen and phosphorus reaches 0.4-3.5mg/L, and under the same condition, compared with the adsorption filler without adding biochar, the adsorption capacity of the filler in the invention to nitrogen and phosphorus is 1.5-2 times that of the comparison filler without adding biochar.
In addition, aiming at heavy metals in the water body, the heavy metal adsorption test is continuously carried out according to the control group set in the test, and the test process is as follows:
5g (example 2) of the constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler (example 1), gravel, steel slag, filler without adding biochar and filler without loading nitrogen and phosphorus adsorbent are respectively weighed and placed in a 250mL conical flask, 100mL heavy metal solutions with different concentrations are respectively added, the residual concentration after adsorption is measured, and the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is calculated. In the test, the adsorption conditions of different fillers on heavy metals Cd and Sb are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 adsorption of heavy metals Cd and Sb by different fillers
In the adsorption test of heavy metals Cd and Sb by different fillers, compared with the filler without adding biochar and without loading nitrogen and phosphorus adsorbent, the filler in the embodiment 1 of the invention can show that the adsorption capacity of the non-loaded nitrogen and phosphorus adsorbent on nitrogen and phosphorus is stronger than that of single gravel or steel slag in the Cd initial concentration and the Sb initial concentration with the concentrations of 1mg/L, 2mg/L and 3mg/L, and the adsorption capacity of the steel slag is only between 0.01 and 0.021mg/L, and the adsorption capacity of the non-loaded nitrogen and phosphorus adsorbent is between 0.010 and 0.086 mg/L.
In addition, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent without adding biochar is between 0.019 and 0.089mg/L, and compared with the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent without loading nitrogen and phosphorus, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent without adding biochar on nitrogen and phosphorus is stronger than that of the adsorbent without loading nitrogen and phosphorus.
Finally, comparing the adsorption filler in the invention with the above comparison groups, it can be seen that the adsorption capacity of the filler in the invention to nitrogen and phosphorus reaches 0.030-0.144mg/L, and under the same condition, compared with the adsorption filler without adding biochar, the adsorption capacity of the filler in the invention to nitrogen and phosphorus is 1.5-2 times that of the comparison filler without adding biochar.
Through the two experiments, the filler prepared by the invention has greatly improved adsorption capacity to nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals compared with the traditional single-component filler, and simultaneously can obtain that the biochar prepared and added by the invention has a larger adsorption effect to nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals.
In the study, the filler was prepared by using different activators according to the method of example 1 of the present invention, the activators were respectively set to a mass ratio of Ca (OH) 2 Naoh=1: 1 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH, mass ratio = 1:2.5 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH, mass ratio = 1:1.5 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH, respectively carrying out adsorption tests on heavy metals Cd and Sb and adsorption tests on nitrogen and phosphorus on the fillers prepared by different activator groups after preparing the fillers, wherein the adsorption test results on the heavy metals Cd and Sb are shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3 adsorption of fillers prepared with different activators to heavy metals Cd and Sb
As can be seen from the test results, the activator used Ca (OH) alone 2 Group or NaOH alone group, 1:1 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH group, 1:2.5 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH group and 1:1.5 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH groups, the adsorption capacities of heavy metals Cd and Sb are not obviously different, and compared with the test results in the table 2, the method adopts 1:2.5 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH group and 1:1.5 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH groups, the mass ratio of the adsorption capacity of heavy metals Cd and Sb to the mass ratio adopted in the table 1 is 1:2 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH group to the adsorption capacity of heavy metals Cd and Sb, under the same conditions, 1:2 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH activator group compared to other activator groups, 1:2 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH activator groups are 1.5-2 times more absorbent than the other groups.
The adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by the fillers prepared with different groups of activators is shown in Table 4 below.
TABLE 4 adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by fillers prepared with different activators
As can be seen from the test results, the activator used Ca (OH) alone 2 The group or the separate NaOH group did not differ significantly from the adsorption capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus, 1:1 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH group, 1:2.5 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH group and 1:1.5 Ca (OH) 2 The adsorption capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus is not obviously different from that of NaOH, but 1: c of 1a(OH) 2 And NaOH group, 1:2.5 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH group and 1:1.5 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH groups have significantly higher adsorption capacities for nitrogen and phosphorus than Ca (OH) alone 2 The adsorption capacity of the group or the independent NaOH group to nitrogen and phosphorus; comparison with the test results in table 1 shows that 1:2.5 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH group and 1:1.5 Ca (OH) 2 And the adsorption capacity of NaOH group to nitrogen and phosphorus, and the mass ratio of the NaOH group to the NaOH group is 1:2 Ca (OH) 2 And the adsorption capacity of NaOH group to nitrogen and phosphorus, under the same condition, the mass ratio is 1:2 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH activator group compared to other activator groups, 1:2 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH activator groups have 1.5-4 times the adsorption capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus than other groups, and the difference is more obvious with the increase of the initial concentration of N or P, which shows that the mass ratio of the N or P is 1:2 Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH activator group has outstanding effect on the activation of volcanic rock, and is especially suitable for water bodies with higher N, P concentration in water bodies.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The artificial wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler is characterized by being prepared from nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent, biomass charcoal, steel slag, fly ash and volcanic rock particles with the particle size of 10-30mm, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent to the biomass charcoal to the steel slag to the fly ash to the volcanic rock particles is 1 (0.1-0.5) (1-5) (2-5).
2. The artificial wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler according to claim 1, wherein the volcanic rock particles pass through an activator Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH activation, said activator Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH mass ratio = 1:2, the mass ratio of the volcanic rock to the activator is 10:1.
3. The constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler according to claim 1, wherein the biochar is straw plant carbonized particles.
4. The constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler according to claim 3, wherein the carbonization process of the biochar is as follows: and (3) crushing and granulating the straws to 10-30mm, then placing the crushed and granulated straws into a carbonization furnace, carbonizing the straws for 2 hours at a high temperature of 400 ℃, heating the straws at a speed of 10 ℃/min, and cooling the straws to obtain the straw.
5. The preparation method of the constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Placing volcanic rock and an activating agent in a muffle furnace, roasting at normal pressure, cooling to room temperature, and crushing the volcanic rock and the activating agent into volcanic rock particles with the particle size of 10-30 mm;
(2) Adding volcanic rock particles prepared in the step (1) into a solution of poly aluminum lanthanum chloride (PLMB) according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20-30 g/mL, soaking at normal temperature for reaction for 1-5h, filtering, drying, roasting and grinding to obtain a nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent;
(3) And finally, adding the nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent, the biochar, the steel slag and the fly ash according to a proportion, fully stirring, transferring to forming equipment, pressing into fillers with different shapes, and finally, carrying out forced air drying.
6. The method for preparing the artificial wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler according to claim 5, wherein the concentration of the polyaluminum lanthanum chloride (PLMB) solution in the step (2) is 0.5-1.0wt%.
7. The method for preparing a filler for denitrification and dephosphorization in constructed wetland according to claim 5, wherein in step (1), the activator is Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH, said activator Ca (OH) 2 And NaOH mass ratio = 1:2, the mass ratio of the volcanic rock to the activator is 10:1.
8. The method for preparing a nitrogen and phosphorus removal filler for constructed wetlands according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the roasting temperature is 400-600 ℃ and the roasting time is 2 hours.
9. The method for preparing the constructed wetland denitrification and dephosphorization filler according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of each component in the finally prepared denitrification and dephosphorization filler is as follows: 5-10% of biochar and 1-10% of nitrogen-phosphorus adsorbent.
10. The method for preparing a filler for denitrification and dephosphorization in constructed wetland according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the drying temperature is 105 ℃, the drying time is 1h, the roasting temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the roasting time is 1h.
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