CN117182095A - Silver palladium alloy powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Silver palladium alloy powder and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117182095A
CN117182095A CN202311400183.1A CN202311400183A CN117182095A CN 117182095 A CN117182095 A CN 117182095A CN 202311400183 A CN202311400183 A CN 202311400183A CN 117182095 A CN117182095 A CN 117182095A
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silver
alloy powder
palladium alloy
solution
agno
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雷驰
皮和木
操齐高
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Northwest Institute for Non Ferrous Metal Research
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Northwest Institute for Non Ferrous Metal Research
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Abstract

The invention discloses silver palladium alloy powder and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1. AgNO is to be carried out 3 And Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 Respectively dissolving in water to prepare AgNO 3 Solution and Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 A solution; 2. taking AgNO 3 Solution and Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 Uniformly mixing the solution with a solvent, and carrying out heating reaction to obtain a precipitate; 3. and filtering, separating, washing and drying the precipitate to obtain silver-palladium alloy powder. The invention adopts a solvothermal method to prepare silver-palladium alloy powder by directly reacting silver salt, palladium salt solution and solvent after mixing, and utilizes the solvent to have the functions of reducing agent and dispersing agent, thereby greatly reducing the raw material types, reducing the pollutant emission, recycling the solvent, avoiding the need of externally adding gas to generate high pressure, effectively simplifying the process, reducing the preparation cost and being difficult to introduce other preparation processesThe impurity is beneficial to improving the purity of the silver-palladium alloy powder, is green and environment-friendly, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Description

Silver palladium alloy powder and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of inorganic chemistry, and particularly relates to silver-palladium alloy powder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Ag/Pd conductive paste has emerged around the 50 s of the 20 th century and began to be applied to thick film integrated circuits. At this time, silver palladium alloy powder is used as a main conductive component in the conductive paste, and the preparation process of the silver palladium alloy powder is also a focus of attention in various countries. Then, as pure silver electrical contact materials are increasingly difficult to meet the requirement of high reliability under special service conditions, silver palladium alloy powder is also increasingly used for trial production of electrical contact materials. In view of the above needs, manufacturers at home and abroad have begun to explore various preparation processes of silver-palladium alloy powder. The mainstream methods used by most manufacturers at present are various methods improved based on the normal temperature liquid phase chemical reduction method. This path is used in both patents JPH7109505, CN 102554264B. However, due to the difference between the reduction potentials of silver and palladium, in order to enable the silver and palladium to be alloyed effectively, the chemical reduction method often needs to add a pH regulator to keep the pH value of the reaction system at a proper value. Meanwhile, in order to make the prepared powder have proper particle size, various dispersants are often required to be added in the chemical reduction method. Therefore, the chemical reduction method requires at least five raw materials (silver source, palladium source, reducing agent, pH regulator, dispersing agent) to complete the production, and the production process is easy to cause low alloying degree or unsatisfactory dispersibility of the product due to the factors of improper pH adjustment, improper proportion of the dispersing agent and the like. Patent US4500368 produces silver palladium alloy powder by a mechanical alloying method, but the degree of powder alloying is generally low. The silver powder and the palladium powder are physically mixed in the patent CN110714133A and then subjected to solid phase alloying reaction at low temperature and high pressure to prepare the silver-palladium alloy powder with the average particle size of 0.3-2 mu m. However, this method requires the introduction of a gas to generate high pressure, and although it is called "low temperature", the temperature required in the practical example is also more than 250 ℃. In the patent CN115041698A, an inverse microemulsion method is used to prepare ultrafine silver-palladium alloy powder, and although the method has the advantages of adjustable Ag/Pd ratio, controllable particle size, uniform distribution and high alloying degree, the biggest problem is that excessive oil-soluble solvents such as silicone oil are used to cause very inconvenient washing. As can be seen from the above, the widely used liquid phase chemical reduction method has a problem that the raw materials used are various and the process requirements are extremely strict. A small part of other technologies have the problems of excessive pollutant emission or the inconvenience of large-scale production due to the need of additional high pressure.
In order to solve the problems, the invention develops a process which is simple in process, convenient for large-scale production and relatively less in pollutant emission and is used for producing silver-palladium alloy powder.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of silver-palladium alloy powder aiming at the defects in the prior art. According to the method, the silver salt, the palladium salt solution and the solvent are mixed and then directly reacted to prepare the silver-palladium alloy powder, the solvent has the functions of the reducing agent and the dispersing agent, the types of raw materials are greatly reduced, a complicated and fine pH adjusting process is not needed, high pressure is not needed to be generated in the reaction process, the process is effectively simplified, the pollutants are few, the cost is low, and the problems that the existing preparation method is multiple in raw material types, strict in process, excessive in pollutants and difficult to produce in a large-scale manner are solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the silver-palladium alloy powder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, agNO is carried out 3 And Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 Respectively dissolving in water to prepare AgNO 3 Solution and Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 A solution;
step two, taking AgNO prepared in the step one 3 Solution and Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 Mixing and stirring the solution and the solvent uniformly, and loading the mixture into a stainless steel reaction kettle for heating reaction to obtain a precipitate;
and thirdly, carrying out suction filtration and separation on the precipitate obtained in the second step, washing, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain the silver-palladium alloy powder.
The preparation method of the silver palladium alloy powder is characterized in that in the first step, agNO 3 Solution and Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 The concentration of the solution is 0.001mol/L to 0.5mol/L. The method ensures the smooth proceeding of the heating reaction by controlling the concentration of the two metal salts, avoids the safety risk of excessive gas generated by nitrate decomposition in the subsequent heating reaction process due to the over-high concentration, and reduces the product yield due to the over-low concentration.
The preparation method of the silver-palladium alloy powder is characterized by comprising the following step twoWherein the solvent is one or more than two of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, 1, 4-butanediol and polyethylene glycol, and the solvent is AgNO 3 Solution, pd (NO) 3 ) 2 The ratio of the amount of the substances of the total metal salt in the solution is 2-100:1. The preferred liquid polyol solvents of the invention all have suitable boiling points and reducibility, and the ratio of the solvent to the total metal salt is controlled to ensure complete reduction of the metal salt and improve the reaction space-time yield.
The preparation method of the silver-palladium alloy powder is characterized in that the temperature of the heating reaction in the second step is 120-180 ℃ and the time is 0.5-24 h. The invention avoids the solvent structure damage caused by the too high temperature and the waste caused by incomplete reduction of the metal salt due to the too low temperature and the insufficient reaction time, and simultaneously avoids the waste of energy consumption due to the overlong reaction time and reduces the reaction space-time yield by controlling the temperature and the time of the heating reaction.
The preparation method of the silver-palladium alloy powder is characterized in that the solvent separated in the third step is recycled in the mixing process in the second step.
In addition, the invention also discloses silver palladium alloy powder which is characterized by being prepared by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, a solvothermal method is adopted, silver salt, palladium salt solution and solvent are directly mixed and then react to prepare silver-palladium alloy powder, a polyol solvent is used as a reducing agent for preparing highly alloyed silver-palladium alloy powder, silver ions and palladium ions are slowly reduced at a basically matched rate, and polyol molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the generated silver-palladium alloy powder to play a role in dispersing, so that the polyol is used as a solvent, a raw material and a dispersing agent at the same time, the problems that the traditional liquid-phase chemical reduction method also needs to control the reduction rate of silver-palladium to be basically matched to form an alloy and needs to add a dispersing agent to avoid agglomeration of generated metal particles are avoided, the raw material types are greatly reduced, a complicated and fine pH adjustment process is not needed, the reaction process is simple, the high pressure is not needed to be generated by external gas, the process is effectively simplified, and the method is suitable for large-scale production.
2. Compared with a mechanical alloying method and an inverse microemulsion method, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that only the silver salt solution, the target salt solution and the solvent are added, the preparation process only involves stirring and processing operations, other impurities are not easy to introduce, and the purity of the silver-palladium alloy powder is improved.
3. Compared with the conventional chemical reduction method, the preparation process does not need to use materials such as pH regulator such as ammonia water or nitrogenous reducer, and the solvent can be recovered and recycled, so that the emission of pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen is reduced; meanwhile, compared with the reverse microemulsion method, the preparation process of the invention does not need to use a large amount of surfactant to wash the product, so that the cost of the preparation method for treating pollutants can be reduced, and the preparation method has the advantages of environmental protection and cost.
4. The silver palladium alloy powder is spherical, and is suitable for preparing electronic paste or serving as a component of a 3D printing material.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD spectrum of silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the silver palladium alloy powder prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an XRD spectrum of the silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an XRD spectrum of the silver palladium alloy powder prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an XRD spectrum of the silver palladium alloy powder prepared in example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, agNO is carried out 3 And Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 Respectively dissolving in ultrapure water to prepare AgNO with silver content of 0.3g/mL 3 Solution and Pd (NO) with palladium content of 0.1g/mL 3 ) 2 A solution;
step (a)2. Taking 6.25mL of AgNO prepared in the step one 3 Solution and 10.00mL of Pd (NO 3 ) 2 Mixing the solution with 63.50mL of glycerol, stirring uniformly for 1h, and then placing the mixture into a 100mL stainless steel reaction kettle to perform heating reaction at 140 ℃ for 1h to obtain a precipitate;
and thirdly, carrying out suction filtration and separation on the precipitate obtained in the second step, washing, and drying at 80 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the silver-palladium alloy powder.
Fig. 1 is an XRD spectrum of the silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in this example, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the characteristic peak position of the silver-palladium alloy powder is between silver and target, which indicates that the silver-palladium alloy powder is silver-palladium alloy.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in this example, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the morphology of the silver-palladium alloy powder is nearly spherical particles with a particle size of about 0.4 μm.
The detection shows that the mass water content of the silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in the embodiment is below 0.5%, and the mass purity is above 98%.
Example 2
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the glycerol obtained by suction filtration and separation in the third step of example 1 is added into the second step and mixed as a solvent.
Fig. 3 is an XRD spectrum of the silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in this example, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the characteristic peak position of the silver-palladium alloy powder is between silver and target, which indicates that the silver-palladium alloy powder is silver-palladium alloy.
The detection shows that the mass water content of the silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in the embodiment is below 0.5%, and the mass purity is above 98%.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, agNO is carried out 3 And Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 Respectively dissolving in ultrapure water to prepare AgNO with silver content of 0.5g/mL 3 Solution and Pd (NO) with palladium content of 0.5g/mL 3 ) 2 A solution;
step two, taking 5.00mL of AgNO prepared in the step one 3 Solution and 5.00mL of Pd (NO 3 ) 2 Solution and 60.00mL of diethylene glycolMixing and stirring uniformly for 1h, and then placing the mixture into a 100mL stainless steel reaction kettle to carry out heating reaction for 3h at 160 ℃ to obtain a precipitate;
and thirdly, carrying out suction filtration and separation on the precipitate obtained in the second step, washing, and drying at 80 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the silver-palladium alloy powder.
Fig. 4 is an XRD spectrum of the silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in this example, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the characteristic peak position of the silver-palladium alloy powder is between silver and target, which indicates that the composition is silver-palladium alloy.
The detection shows that the mass water content of the silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in the embodiment is below 0.5%, and the mass purity is above 98%.
Example 4
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, agNO is carried out 3 And Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 Respectively dissolving in ultrapure water to prepare AgNO with silver content of 0.5g/mL 3 Solution and Pd (NO) with palladium content of 0.5g/mL 3 ) 2 A solution;
step two, taking 5.00mL of AgNO prepared in the step one 3 Solution and 5.00mL of Pd (NO 3 ) 2 Mixing the solution with 30.00mL of ethylene glycol and 30.00mL of 1, 4-butanediol, stirring uniformly for 1h, and then placing the mixture into a 100mL stainless steel reaction kettle for heating reaction at 180 ℃ for 12h to obtain a precipitate;
and thirdly, carrying out suction filtration and separation on the precipitate obtained in the second step, washing, and drying at 80 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the silver-palladium alloy powder.
Fig. 5 is an XRD spectrum of the silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in this example, and as can be seen from fig. 5, the characteristic peak position of the silver-palladium alloy powder is between silver and target, which indicates that the silver-palladium alloy powder is silver-palladium alloy.
The detection shows that the mass water content of the silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in the embodiment is below 0.5%, and the mass purity is above 95%.
Example 5
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, agNO is carried out 3 And Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 Respectively dissolving in ultrapure water to prepare silver contentAgNO 0.001g/mL 3 Solution and Pd (NO) in an amount of 0.001g/mL 3 ) 2 A solution;
step two, taking 10.00mL of AgNO prepared in the step one 3 Solution and 10.00mL of Pd (NO 3 ) 2 Mixing and stirring the solution with 17.50mL of polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 600 uniformly for 1h, and then placing the mixture into a 100mL stainless steel reaction kettle to perform heating reaction at 180 ℃ for 0.5h to obtain a precipitate;
and thirdly, centrifugally separating and washing the precipitate obtained in the second step, and drying the precipitate at 80 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the silver-palladium alloy powder.
The detection shows that the mass water content of the silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in the embodiment is below 0.5%, and the mass purity is above 90%.
Example 6
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, agNO is carried out 3 And Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 Respectively dissolving in ultrapure water to prepare AgNO with silver content of 0.5g/mL 3 Solution and Pd (NO) with palladium content of 0.5g/mL 3 ) 2 A solution;
step two, taking 20.00mL of AgNO prepared in the step one 3 Solution and 20.00mL of Pd (NO 3 ) 2 Mixing the solution with 22.40mL of glycerol, stirring uniformly for 1h, and then placing the mixture into a 100mL stainless steel reaction kettle to perform heating reaction at 120 ℃ for 24h to obtain a precipitate;
and thirdly, carrying out suction filtration and separation on the precipitate obtained in the second step, washing, and drying at 80 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain silver-palladium alloy powder.
The detection shows that the mass water content of the silver-palladium alloy powder prepared in the embodiment is below 0.5%, and the mass purity is above 98%.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modification, variation and equivalent variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. The preparation method of the silver-palladium alloy powder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, agNO is carried out 3 And Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 Respectively dissolving in water to prepare AgNO 3 Solution and Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 A solution;
step two, taking AgNO prepared in the step one 3 Solution and Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 Mixing and stirring the solution and the solvent uniformly, and loading the mixture into a stainless steel reaction kettle for heating reaction to obtain a precipitate;
and thirdly, separating and washing the precipitate obtained in the second step, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain the silver-palladium alloy powder.
2. The method for preparing silver palladium alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein said AgNO in step one 3 Solution and Pd (NO) 3 ) 2 The concentration of the solution is 0.001mol/L to 0.5mol/L.
3. The method for preparing silver-palladium alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the solvent in the second step is one or more of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, 1, 4-butanediol and polyethylene glycol, and the solvent is the same as AgNO 3 Solution, pd (NO) 3 ) 2 The ratio of the amount of the substances of the total metal salt in the solution is 2-100:1.
4. The method for preparing silver-palladium alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the heating reaction temperature in the second step is 120-180 ℃ and the time is 0.5-24 h.
5. The method for producing silver-palladium alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the solvent separated in the third step is recycled for the mixing process in the second step.
6. Silver palladium alloy powder, characterized in that it is prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
CN202311400183.1A 2023-10-26 2023-10-26 Silver palladium alloy powder and preparation method thereof Pending CN117182095A (en)

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CN202311400183.1A CN117182095A (en) 2023-10-26 2023-10-26 Silver palladium alloy powder and preparation method thereof

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311400183.1A CN117182095A (en) 2023-10-26 2023-10-26 Silver palladium alloy powder and preparation method thereof

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CN117182095A true CN117182095A (en) 2023-12-08

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