CN117161284B - Processing method for hot forging forming of star-shaped sleeve - Google Patents
Processing method for hot forging forming of star-shaped sleeve Download PDFInfo
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- CN117161284B CN117161284B CN202311446152.XA CN202311446152A CN117161284B CN 117161284 B CN117161284 B CN 117161284B CN 202311446152 A CN202311446152 A CN 202311446152A CN 117161284 B CN117161284 B CN 117161284B
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a processing method for hot forging forming of an star-shaped sleeve, which comprises a high-frequency heating device, punching equipment, a first manipulator device and a second manipulator device, wherein the punching equipment comprises a workbench, a stamping end, a lower die assembly and an upper die assembly, a forging station is formed between the workbench and the stamping end, and the forging station and the lower die assembly are arranged at intervals. The metal column heated by the secondary impact of the punching device is forged and pressed at the end part of the metal column at the forging and pressing station, so that the size precision and the end part shape of the metal column can be improved, the axial diameter requirement of the metal column is reduced, the material waste is reduced, the internal stress structure of the metal column can be improved through forging and pressing, and the lateral extrusion deformation performance of the metal column is improved. The lower die assembly folds and extrudes the blank under the pushing of the upper die assembly so as to form a roller way structure on the peripheral wall of the blank, enhance the appearance strength of the blank and improve the surface hardness of the star cover.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging, in particular to a processing method for hot forging forming of an star-shaped sleeve.
Background
The star-shaped sleeve is an important component of the universal transmission device for the vehicle, and the outer peripheral wall of the star-shaped sleeve is provided with a plurality of roller ways and is connected with the spherical shell through steel balls in the roller ways so as to realize universal rotation and power transmission.
Chinese application CN 116408609a discloses a precision forming method of star-shaped sleeve parts, which discloses a forming method and steps of star-shaped sleeve processing. Chinese publication CN210702295U discloses a slant lane star cover mold, which discloses the processing characteristics of the star cover mold.
However, the above-mentioned method for forging an inner race requires a large diameter of material, is complicated to process, requires a plurality of processes for processing the material, is costly and has a long process flow, and causes a technical problem of complicated processing, and thus improvement is required.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the embodiment of the invention provides a processing method for hot forging forming of an inner race, which is used for solving the technical problems of high cutting processing cost and complex processing flow of the inner race.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a processing method of hot-forging forming of an inner race, to which an inner race hot-forging forming line is applied, the inner race hot-forging forming line including a high-frequency heating device, a punching apparatus including a table, a punching end, a lower die assembly mounted to the table, and an upper die assembly mounted to the punching end, a forging station being formed between the table and the punching end, the forging station being spaced apart from the lower die assembly;
the processing method comprises the following steps:
s101, integrally heating a columnar metal column through the high-frequency heating device;
s102, the first manipulator device clamps the peripheral wall of the metal column and moves to the forging station, and the stamping end moves towards the direction of the workbench and impacts the end part of the metal column so as to preliminarily forge the metal column into a rough blank; the forging station is used for forging and pressing the end face shape and the physical dimension of the metal column, wherein the end face shape comprises a right circular end face formed on the end face of the metal column and a spherical groove positioned in the center of the right circular end face, the physical dimension comprises the outer diameter dimension of the rough blank which is larger than the outer diameter dimension of the metal column, and the axial length dimension of the rough blank is smaller than the axial length dimension of the metal column;
s103, the first manipulator device moves the rough blank again and sends the rough blank into the lower die assembly, and the lower die assembly centers the rough blank;
s104, the stamping end moves towards the direction of the workbench and pushes the upper die assembly to push the lower die assembly to die-close and forge the rough blank, so that the rough blank is forged to form a blank;
s105, the stamping end drives the upper die assembly to be far away from the lower die assembly, the lower die assembly sends the blank out of the workbench, and the second manipulator device clamps the blank out of the lower die assembly;
repeating the steps S101-S105 to perform continuous production.
In one embodiment, the stamping end drives the upper die assembly to have a clamping stroke to the lower die assembly greater than or equal to a stamping stroke of the forging station.
In an embodiment, the lower die assembly comprises a base, a plurality of forming blocks sliding along the radial direction of the base, a driving plate parallel to the base, a radial reset assembly connecting the forming blocks with the base, an elastic reset mechanism connecting the base with the driving plate, wherein the driving plate is provided with a driving hole, a plurality of inclined guide grooves are distributed on the wall of the driving hole at intervals, the forming blocks are inserted into the driving hole, each forming block comprises a guide surface matched with the guide groove and a forming surface matched with a blank, the upper die assembly pushes against the driving plate to overcome the elastic force of the elastic reset mechanism to move, and a plurality of forming blocks slide along the guide grooves and are synchronously folded towards the center, and the forming surfaces squeeze-forge the blank.
In an embodiment, the shaping piece is configured with main part and protrusion the cantilever part of main part, constitute step structure between main part and the cantilever part, the shaping face set up in the cantilever part is towards one side of central direction, the shaping face includes arcwall face and slope protrusion the raceway muscle of arcwall face, the raceway muscle is from the top of shaping piece sets up to the slope of base direction.
In an embodiment, the base comprises a bottom plate, an annular seat surrounding the bottom plate and a supporting seat fixed on the bottom plate, the cantilever part slides on the top of the supporting seat, the supporting seat is movably provided with a positioning pin, and the positioning pin positions the center of the rough blank.
In an embodiment, the upper die assembly comprises a mounting plate, an upper pressing plate, a positioning column and a plurality of elastic mechanisms distributed on the mounting plate and the upper pressing plate, wherein each elastic mechanism comprises a plurality of inner ring springs and outer ring springs distributed around the positioning column and a spacing block fixed on the mounting plate and used for separating the inner ring springs from the outer ring springs, the spacing block protrudes towards the direction of the upper pressing plate, the upper pressing plate and the lower die assembly are oppositely arranged, and the positioning column is used for positioning the center of the blank.
In an embodiment, the forging station comprises a lower positioning groove arranged on the workbench and an upper positioning groove distributed on the stamping end, the groove wall of the lower positioning groove gradually increases from the groove bottom to the opening direction, the partial protrusion of the groove bottom of the lower positioning groove is spherical, and the lower positioning groove and the upper positioning groove are symmetrically arranged.
In an embodiment, the star-shaped sleeve hot forging forming assembly line further comprises a sorting channel connected with the high-frequency heating device and the punching machine equipment, the high-frequency heating device comprises a heating zone and a conveying channel penetrating through the heating zone, the sorting channel is located in the extending direction of the conveying channel, the height of the heating zone is higher than that of the workbench, the sorting channel is obliquely connected to the workbench, a sorting mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the sorting channel, and the metal column at the foremost end is erected by the sorting mechanism.
In an embodiment, the sorting mechanism comprises a stop block and a rotatable sorting frame, an inclined surface and an arc-shaped surface positioned at the tail end of the inclined surface are arranged on the side direction of the stop block, a plurality of spacing grooves are distributed at intervals on the outer edge of the sorting frame, one spacing groove can drive a metal column to enter the stop block, the sorting frame and the arc-shaped surface are folded and clamped to the metal column, and the central line of the sorting frame is inclined relative to the workbench.
In an embodiment, the star cover hot forging forming assembly line includes feeding mechanism, cooling mechanism and discharge mechanism are located the range of motion of second manipulator device, cooling mechanism is used for carrying out the cooling quenching to the blank, discharge mechanism accomodates the blank.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can comprise the following beneficial effects: the metal column heated by the secondary impact of the punching device is forged and pressed at the end part of the metal column at the forging and pressing station, so that the size precision and the end part shape of the metal column can be improved, the axial diameter requirement of the metal column is reduced, the material waste is reduced, the internal stress structure of the metal column can be improved through forging and pressing, and the lateral extrusion deformation performance of the metal column is improved. The lower die assembly folds and extrudes the blank under the pushing of the upper die assembly so as to form a roller way structure on the peripheral wall of the blank, enhance the appearance strength of the blank and improve the surface hardness of the star cover. The lower die assembly can send out blanks and take the blanks away through the second manipulator, so that continuous operation is formed, and the forging efficiency is high. The metal column is integrally heated by the high-frequency heating device, and is secondarily forged and pressed by the forging station and the lower die assembly, so that the processing technology is simplified, and the flow is short.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a structure of a hot forging line of an inner race according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a front structure of a punching machine apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a structure in which a lower die assembly and an upper die assembly are disposed opposite to each other according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a lower die assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a lower die assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 6 is an exploded view of an upper die assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a sorting mechanism provided with a sorting rack according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a sorting mechanism provided with a buffer plate according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a back structure of a punching apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.
In the figure, a punching apparatus 10; a work table 11; a lower die assembly 12; a drive plate 121; a drive hole 1211; guide slots 1212; a molding block 122; a main body 1221; a guide surface 1222; a cantilever portion 1223; raceway ribs 1224; molding surface 1225; a positioning pin 123; an elastic return mechanism 124; a radial reset assembly 125; a base 126; a bottom plate 1261; an annular seat 1262; a support base 1263; a forging station 13; a stamped end 14; an upper die assembly 15; an upper platen 151; an elastic mechanism 152; an outer ring spring 1521; an inner ring spring 1522; a spacer 153; a mounting plate 154; a positioning column 155; a high-frequency heating device 20; a heating zone 21; a conveying path 211; a sorting channel 22; a sorting rack 23; a spacing groove 231; a stopper 24; an arcuate surface 241; an inclined surface 242; a carrying seat 25; a buffer plate 26; a sensing member 27; a first manipulator device 30; a moving member 31; a gripper jaw 32; a second manipulator device 40; a feeding mechanism 50; a loading and unloading structure 51; a discharge mechanism 60; metal posts 70.
Detailed Description
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to be limiting of the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the apparatus or elements being referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so that the terms describing the positional relationships in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present patent, and that the specific meaning of the terms described above may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific circumstances.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the term "coupled" or the like should be interpreted broadly, as it may be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally formed, as indicating the relationship of components; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between the two parts or interaction relationship between the two parts. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a processing method of hot-forging forming of an inner race, to which a hot-forging forming line of an inner race is applied.
The star-shaped sleeve hot forging line includes a high-frequency heating apparatus 20, a punching apparatus 10, a first manipulator apparatus 30, and a second manipulator apparatus 40, the high-frequency heating apparatus 20 being used to heat the metal column 70 so that the metal column 70 is at an operating temperature suitable for forging processing. For example, the metal column 70 is a steel column, and the heating temperature is 950 ℃ to 1200 ℃. The first manipulator device 30 and the second manipulator device 40 are respectively located at two sides of the punching device 10, wherein the first manipulator device 30 is used for clamping the heated metal column 70 into the processing area of the punching device 10, and the second manipulator device 40 is used for clamping the forged metal column 70 out of the processing area of the punching device 10.
The punching apparatus 10 includes a table 11, a punching end 14, a lower die assembly 12 mounted to the table 11, and an upper die assembly 15 mounted to the punching end 14, the lower die assembly 12 being mounted to the table 11, the upper die assembly 15 being mounted to the punching end 14 and disposed opposite the lower die assembly 12. The punching end 14 is driven by a power mechanism to drive the upper die assembly 15 to move and can impact the metal column 70 of the lower die assembly 12 to forge the star-shaped sleeve. Further, a forging station 13 is formed between the table 11 and the coin end 14, and the forging station 13 is spaced apart from the lower die assembly 12. The forging station 13 and the lower die assembly 12 are both located in the range of the workbench 11, and the stamping end 14 is matched with the workbench 11 to construct the forging station 13, so that the metal column 70 is subjected to axial size precision forging and the forming processing of the end face positioning structure of the metal column 70, and the forging processing effect of the metal column 70 is improved.
The processing method of the star-shaped sleeve hot forging forming comprises the following steps:
in step S101, the columnar metal pillar 70 is entirely heated by the high-frequency heating apparatus 20. The high-frequency heating device 20 adopts high-frequency induction heating, can uniformly heat the whole metal column 70, and has high heating efficiency and good heating effect.
In step S102, the first manipulator device 30 clamps the outer peripheral wall of the metal column 70 and moves to the forging station 13, and the coining end 14 moves toward the table 11 and impacts the end of the metal column 70 to preliminarily forge the metal column 70 into a blank. The forging station 13 is used for forging and pressing an end face shape and a physical dimension of the metal column 70, wherein the end face shape comprises a right circular end face formed on the end face of the metal column 70 and a spherical groove located in the center of the right circular end face, the physical dimension comprises an outer diameter dimension of a rough blank which is larger than the outer diameter dimension of the metal column 70, and an axial length dimension of the rough blank is smaller than the axial length dimension of the metal column 70. The forging station 13 is forged and machined in the axial direction of the metal column 70 to constitute a preliminary forging. The stamping end 14 is used for stamping the end part of the metal column 70 at the stamping station 13, so that the size precision and the end part shape of the metal column 70 are improved, the metal column 70 is shortened and thickened under the impact of the stamping end 14, and the shaft diameter requirement of the raw material of the metal column 70 can be reduced. The strength of the metal post 70 becomes short and thick under the forging and pressing of the coined end 14, the internal stress structure of the metal post 70 is improved, and the lateral extrusion deformation performance of the metal post 70 is improved. And, the metal post 70 is small in size, high in molding accuracy, and capable of reducing material waste. After forging and cooling, the end face of the metal post 70 has an improved structure density and high structural strength.
In step S103, the first manipulator device 30 moves the blank again and feeds the blank into the lower die assembly 12, and the lower die assembly 12 centers the blank. The forging station 13 forges the end part of the rough blank to form a centered spherical groove, the lower die assembly 12 centers the spherical groove, and the right circular end face of the rough blank is limited at the same time, so that the dual positioning of the edge and the center can be achieved, the coincidence of the center of the rough blank and the center of the lower die assembly 12 can be ensured, and the positioning precision is high.
In step S104, the stamping end 14 moves toward the table 11 and pushes the upper die assembly 15 to push the lower die assembly 12 to die-close and forge the blank, so as to forge the blank into a blank. The lower die assembly 12 closes the outer peripheral wall of the extruded blank to form a roller channel structure in the peripheral wall of the blank. The punch apparatus 10 secondarily impacts the heated metal column 70 to further improve the overall strength of the preform and the structural strength of the pressed portion of the outer peripheral wall. Specifically, the lower die assembly 12 folds the press-forged blank under the pushing of the upper die assembly 15 to form a roller structure on the outer peripheral wall of the blank, and to enhance the outer strength of the blank and improve the surface hardness of the star cover.
In step S105, the stamping end 14 drives the upper die assembly 15 away from the lower die assembly 12, the lower die assembly 12 sends the blank out of the table 11, and the second manipulator device 40 clamps the blank off the lower die assembly 12. The lower die assembly 12 can feed out the blank and take it away by the second robot device 40, thereby constituting a continuous operation, and forging efficiency is high.
Repeating the steps S101-S105 to perform continuous production. The metal column 70 is heated integrally by the high-frequency heating device 20, and is forged and pressed twice by the forging station 13 and the lower die assembly 12, so that the processing technology is simplified, and the flow is short.
The forging and pressing station 13 and the die station are arranged at intervals, and different steps of processing are realized by using the same punch equipment 10, so that equipment investment is reduced. In addition, the distance between the forging station 13 and the die station is set to reduce the moving distance of the metal column 70, so that the problem that the temperature of the metal column 70 affects the forging quality is reduced, particularly, the moving distance is increased, the metal column 70 is always in a cooling state, the problem that the metal column is difficult to form due to too low forging temperature is easily caused, and the energy waste is caused by repeated heating. In this embodiment, the forging station 13 is spaced from the die station, so that the moving and processing efficiency is greatly improved, the temperature difference in the moving process of the metal column 70 is reduced, and the forming quality is improved.
Preferably, the coining end 14 drives the upper die assembly 15 to a die closing stroke of the lower die assembly 12 greater than or equal to the coining stroke of the forging station 13. The closing stroke is the same as or different from the coining stroke, and the punch apparatus 10 drives the coining end 14 in a consistent manner to improve the consistency of the closing drive of the forging station 13 and the die. Wherein, after the first manipulator device 30 clamps the metal column 70 and enters the forging station 13 to forge, the blank is clamped and enters the die to form the peripheral wall, so that the forging processing of the end face and the peripheral wall of the star-shaped sleeve is realized, the forging precision of each angle is high, and the strength of the forging surface is high.
In one embodiment, the forging station 13 includes a lower positioning groove disposed on the working table 11 and an upper positioning groove disposed on the stamping end 14, wherein the groove wall of the lower positioning groove gradually increases from the groove bottom to the opening direction, the groove bottom of the lower positioning groove partially protrudes to be spherical, and the lower positioning groove and the upper positioning groove are symmetrically disposed. The upper locating groove of the forging station 13 is arranged at intervals with the upper die assembly 15, and the lower locating groove is arranged at intervals with the lower die assembly 12. The forging and pressing station 13 and the die station are arranged in parallel, and the same stamping equipment is used, so that one machine is multipurpose, and the assembly line structure is simplified.
The upper positioning groove and the lower positioning groove are arranged opposite to each other, and the end surface shape and the physical dimension of the metal column 70 can be shaped and adjusted. Specifically, the lower positioning groove has a groove structure to position the periphery and end position of the metal post 70. The metal column 70 deforms under the forging action and fills the whole lower positioning groove to adapt to the shape of the lower positioning groove, and the positioning effect is good. Preferably, the upper positioning groove and the lower positioning groove are symmetrically arranged to form a symmetrical positioning structure at two ends. Alternatively, the upper positioning groove is provided with a groove structure and a convex ball structure to position and shape the top of the metal column 70, thereby realizing the corresponding hot forging of the two ends of the metal column 70.
The forging apparatus drives the forging of the forging station 13 and the die station, and the punch apparatus 10 can employ the same frequency forging to move the metal column 70 by the first manipulator device 30 to accommodate different processing steps. Preferably, the lower die assembly 12 is mounted to the table 11 as a forming structure of the star-shaped cover, and the upper die assembly 15 is fixed to the punching end 14 and pushes the lower die assembly 12 to move so that the lower die assembly 12 actively forges the blank member to form a blank member of the star-shaped cover.
As shown in fig. 3-5, in one embodiment, the lower die assembly 12 includes a base 126, a plurality of molding blocks 122 that slide radially along the base 126, and a radial return assembly 125 that connects the molding blocks 122 and the base 126. The plurality of molding blocks 122 are folded to form a groove-shaped cavity structure, and the inner cavity wall of the cavity structure is matched with the outer peripheral wall of the star-shaped sleeve. The forming blocks 122 are provided with a plurality of blocks, preferably four, five, six or eight forming blocks 122, and each forming block 122 moves along the radial direction of the lower die assembly 12 to realize folding press forging forming, and the radial resetting assembly 125 drives the forming blocks 122 to move away from the center along the radial direction under the action of elastic force after the upper die assembly 15 is separated from the lower die assembly 12 to loosen the star cover. Optionally, the radial return assembly 125 comprises a slide bar connected to the molding block 122, a return spring connected to the slide bar and the base 126, the return spring acting on the elastic pre-load of the molding block 122 away from the center of the cavity through the slide bar. Preferably, the central line of the slide rod intersects the center of the cavity to form a radial displacement structure.
The lower die assembly 12 includes a driving plate 121 parallel to the base 126, an elastic restoring mechanism 124 connecting the base 126 and the driving plate 121, the driving plate 121 is provided with a driving hole 1211, and a plurality of inclined guide grooves 1212 are spaced apart from the wall of the driving hole 1211. The driving plate 121 is disposed opposite to the base 126 and is separated by an elastic restoring mechanism 124, and the upper die assembly 15 is disposed opposite to the driving plate 121. The upper die assembly 15 impacts the driving plate 121 under the driving of the punching end 14 and performs press forging against the elastic pre-tightening force of the elastic restoring mechanism 124. The molding block 122 is inserted into the driving hole 1211, the molding block 122 includes a guiding surface 1222 matching the guiding slot 1212 and a molding surface 1225 matching the blank, the molding surface 1225 faces the center area of the cavity, and the guiding surface 1222 faces the hole wall of the driving hole 1211 and slides against the guiding slot 1212.
The punching end 14 drives the upper die assembly 15 to move, the upper die assembly 15 pushes the driving plate 121 to overcome the elastic force of the elastic reset mechanism 124, the plurality of forming blocks 122 slide along the guide groove 1212 and synchronously fold towards the center, and the forming surface 1225 presses the forged blank. In an embodiment, the driving hole 1211 has a non-circular hole structure, and the guide groove 1212 has a curved structure distributed in the driving hole 1211. Each guide groove 1212 defines a forming block 122, and the guide grooves 1212 are concave curved surfaces obliquely arranged along the radial direction of the driving hole 1211, so that the sliding direction of the forming block 122 can be defined, the forming block 122 can be prevented from deflecting relative to the guide grooves 1212, and the controllability of the guiding movement of the forming block 122 is improved.
The upper die assembly 15 drives the driving plate 121 to move towards the base 126 under the driving of the punching end 14, and the guide surface 1222 of the forming block 122 moves towards the center of the cavity under the action of the oblique force of the guide slot 1212, so that the forming block 122 presses the outer peripheral wall of the blank from the circumferential direction. When the plurality of molding blocks 122 are extruded in place, the side wall of each molding block 122 is attached to the adjacent molding block 122, so that a completely closed structure is formed, and the structure is controlled by the inclination and the angle of the guide groove 1212, so that the repeatability is good. In addition, the inclination of the guide groove 1212 controls the folding position of the molding block 122, so that the problem that the lateral direction of the molding block 122 cannot be folded due to errors of the molding block 122 can be avoided, and the folding effect is good.
Preferably, the ratio of the inclined surface length of the guide groove 1212 to the inclined surface length of the molding block 122 is K.ltoreq.K.ltoreq.0.5. The guide groove 1212 has a large width to support the movement of the molding block 122 and to maintain the movement direction and pressing force of the molding block 122 balanced. When the thickness of the driving plate 121 is set to be 20 mm-30 mm, the size of the forming block 122 at the inclined surface portion may be set to be 40 mm-150 mm.
In one embodiment, the molding block 122 is configured with a body portion 1221 and a cantilever portion 1223 protruding from the body portion 1221, and a step structure is formed between the body portion 1221 and the cantilever portion 1223. The main body 1221 and the cantilever 1223 have a stepped structure, wherein the main body 1221 is a guide portion for planar movement and support, the cantilever 1223 is a folding portion protruding from the main body 1221, and the molding surface 1225 is disposed on one side of the cantilever 1223 in the center direction. The wire guide surface extends obliquely from the cantilever portion 1223 toward the main body portion 1221 to constitute an inclined guide structure.
The lower surface of cantilever portion 1223 is configured to be a plane or a curved surface, base 126 includes a base plate 1261, an annular seat 1262 surrounding base plate 1261, and a supporting seat 1263 fixed to base plate 1261, cantilever portion 1223 slides on top of supporting seat 1263, supporting seat 1263 is movably provided with a positioning pin 123, and positioning pin 123 positions the center of the blank. The lower surface of the cantilever part 1223 abuts against the top of the supporting seat 1263 to form a surface supporting and positioning device with good positioning effect. A groove-shaped cavity structure is formed between the molding surface 1225 of the cantilever portion 1223 and the top surface of the support base 1263, wherein the top surface of the support base 1263 supports and positions the blank. The positioning pin 123 performs matching centering on the spherical groove at the center of the blank, thereby realizing an automatic centering structure.
The base plate 1261 and the annular seat 1262 form a flange-shaped space, and the main body part 1221 and the cantilever part 1223 form an approximate Z-shaped structure, so that the main body part 1221 is limited to the flange-shaped space, and the bottom of the main body part 1221 and the cantilever part 1223 form linear movement, so that the movement guiding effect is good.
The molding surface 1225 includes an arcuate surface 241 and a raceway rib 1224 protruding obliquely from the arcuate surface 241, and the raceway rib 1224 is disposed obliquely from the top end of the molding block 122 toward the base 126. All the molding blocks 122 form an annular surface on the arc surface 241 in the folding posture, and the rollaway nest ribs 1224 are convex rib structures distributed on the annular surface at intervals. The raceway bars 1224 are arranged in an inclined configuration, preferably with the intermediate points of the raceway bars 1224 intersecting the intermediate points of the cantilever portions 1223 to constitute a centrally symmetrical stress, the positions of the raceway bars 1224 being adapted to the raceway positions of the outer peripheral wall of the star-shaped sleeve.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, the upper die assembly 15 is driven by the stamping end 14 to move towards the driving plate 121, and pushes the driving plate 121 to drive the forming blocks 122 to synchronously move and fold, so that the high-temperature blank is synchronously formed by extrusion of the forming surface 1225, and the deformation amount and the deformation direction are consistent. It is worth mentioning that the rough blank extruded by the molding surface 1225 has compact tissue corresponding to the extruded part, and improves the surface strength of the rough blank, so that the surface molding quality of the rough blank is high, the required cutting processing amount is small, thereby reducing the cost and improving the product quality.
In one embodiment, the upper die assembly 15 includes a mounting plate 154, an upper platen 151, a positioning post 155, and a plurality of elastic mechanisms 152 distributed between the mounting plate 154 and the upper platen 151, wherein the upper platen 151 is disposed opposite to the lower die assembly 12, and the positioning post 155 positions the center of the blank. After the upper pressing plate 151 is abutted to the driving plate 121, the positioning column 155 is pressed and connected to the spherical groove at the top of the blank from top to bottom, so that the top is automatically centered. The center line of the positioning column 155 coincides with the center line of the positioning pin 123, preferably, the end face of the positioning column 155 is set to be a spherical surface, the end face of the positioning pin 123 is set to be a spherical surface, and in the crimping process of the positioning column 155 and the positioning pin 123, the centering positioning precision of the rough blank is high and can be automatically corrected. Preferably, the positioning column 155 is configured as an elastic telescopic structure, the positioning pin 123 is configured as an elastic telescopic structure, and the positioning pin 123 and the positioning column 155 can be abutted against and positioned on the rough blank before the pressing of the upper pressing plate 151 and the driving plate 121, so that the positioning is performed first, and the precise positioning is realized. Then, the driving plate 121 and the upper pressing plate 151 are pressed together, and the plurality of molding blocks 122 are synchronously gathered and hot-forged to mold the outer peripheral wall shape of the blank, so that the molding accuracy is high.
The elastic mechanism 152 is arranged between the mounting plate 154 and the upper pressing plate 151, so that the mounting plate 154 and the upper pressing plate 151 have the same interval distance and have balanced elastic force. Specifically, the elastic mechanism 152 includes a plurality of inner ring springs 1522 and outer ring springs 1521 distributed around the positioning posts 155, and spacer blocks 153 fixed to the mounting plate 154 and separating the inner ring springs 1522 and the outer ring springs 1521, the spacer blocks 153 protruding toward the upper platen 151. The spacer 153 separates adjacent inner and outer coil springs 1522, 1521 to keep the inner and outer coil springs 1522, 1521 straight up and down and also limit the maximum compression length. The inner ring springs 1522 are disposed in plurality and circumferentially spaced around the positioning posts 155 and the outer ring springs 1521 are disposed in plurality and circumferentially spaced around the positioning posts 155. The inner ring spring 1522 is located in the surrounding area of the outer ring spring 1521, and the inner ring spring 1522 and the outer ring spring 1521 are arranged in a dislocation manner, so as to improve the pressure balance and the high elastic pressure of the upper pressure plate 151.
As shown in fig. 1 and 7, in one embodiment, the high-frequency heating apparatus 20 includes a heating zone 21 and a conveying path 211 penetrating the heating zone 21, and the heating zone 21 is higher than the table 11. The high-frequency heating device 20 adopts the principle of electromagnetic induction to heat, realizes non-contact heating, has high heating efficiency of the metal column 70 and is convenient to move along the conveying channel 211. The high-level setting of the heating zone 21 can prolong the heating time and improve the space utilization rate.
The star-shaped sleeve hot forging line further includes a sorting passage 22 connecting the high-frequency heating apparatus 20 and the punch apparatus 10, the sorting passage 22 being located in the extending direction of the conveying passage 211, the sorting passage 22 being connected to the table 11 in an inclined manner, the end of the sorting passage 22 being provided with a sorting mechanism. The sorting channel 22 is located at the output end of the conveying channel 211 and can receive and screen out the metal column 70 of the high-frequency heating apparatus 20 in a high-temperature state. Wherein the sorting channel 22 comprises a pass channel and at least one reject channel, the end of the pass channel being provided with a sorting mechanism. The tail end of the disqualified channel is provided with a feed back box for collecting the feed back. Preferably, the assembly line further comprises an image collector facing the conveying channel 211, the image collector can collect image information of the metal column 70 on the conveying channel 211, and the controller determines whether the shape profile and the size parameter of the metal column 70 meet the set requirements or not based on the image information of the metal column 70, so that automatic screening is realized, the labor intensity of operators is simplified, and the qualification rate of blanks is improved. Preferably, the image pickup device may be configured as an industrial camera, and may be disposed in an input direction or an output direction of the high-frequency heating apparatus 20.
Preferably, a deflector rod is provided at the junction of the pass and fail channels, the deflector rod switching the output channel of the metal column 70 based on the electrical signal of the controller to shunt the metal column 70.
The sorting mechanism erects the foremost metal column 70 to facilitate the first manipulator device 30 to grasp the metal column 70 centrally. That is, the sorting mechanism vertically sets up the heated metal posts 70 in an orientation, and the sorting mechanism sets up the metal posts 70 at intervals one by one to avoid the first robot device 30 from erroneously grabbing.
As shown in fig. 1 and 7, in one embodiment, the sorting mechanism includes a stop 24 and a rotatable sorting rack 23, the stop 24 being located at the end of the sorting channel 22 to guide the reversing and stopping of the metal column 70. Wherein the stopper 24 is laterally provided with an inclined surface 242 and an arc surface 241 at the end of the inclined surface 242. The inclined surface 242 may be provided as an inclined surface or a curved surface to guide the side surface of the metal post 70 to move to the area of the curved surface 241. Arcuate surface 241 is an arcuate structure having a radius greater than the radius of metal post 70. In a preferred embodiment, the end of the sort channel 22 is provided with a recessed upstanding slot with a height drop between the upstanding slot and the sort channel 22, and the metal column 70 is flipped over after one end of the column 70 is suspended above the upstanding slot as it moves along the sort channel 22 above the upstanding slot so that one of the sections drops into the upstanding slot first. Optionally, a landing ramp is provided at the end of the sort channel 22 to guide the metal column 70 into the upstanding slot after the landing ramp has slowed down.
The sorting rack 23 is located at the end of the sorting channel 22 and is rotatable relative to itself. The outer edge of the sorting frame 23 is provided with a plurality of spacing grooves 231 at intervals, and along with the rotation of the sorting frame 23, the spacing grooves 231 sequentially enter the movable range of the vertical grooves, so that the sorting frame 23 can take away the metal columns 70 one by one, the metal columns 70 can be kept at the same position, and the clamping position of the first manipulator device 30 is improved. Specifically, one of the spacing grooves 231 can drive the metal column 70 to enter the stop block 24, and the sorting frame 23 and the arc-shaped surface 241 are folded to clamp the metal column 70. The spacer slots 231 cooperate with the arcuate surfaces 241 to form a snap-in defining metal post 70 and to provide centering. For example, the sorting rack 23 is provided with three, four, five, six spacing grooves 231, and a partition plate between the spacing grooves 231 separates the metal posts 70.
Preferably, the center line of the sorting rack 23 is obliquely arranged relative to the workbench 11, the sorting rack 23 is obliquely arranged to realize lateral component force in the process of pushing against the metal column 70, so as to form a correction force from top to bottom in the process of moving the metal column 70, realize automatic correction of the metal column 70, and have good standing effect. Preferably, the edges of the spacing slots 231 are configured as arcuate surfaces 241 to provide for smooth toggling, combined with the angled rotational arrangement of the sorting rack 23 and the stop blocks 24 to provide for upright positioning and high precision loading of the metal posts 70.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 8, the sorting mechanism includes a carrying seat 25, a buffer plate 26 hinged to the carrying seat 25, and a sensing member 27 mounted on the carrying seat 25, wherein the sensing member 27 is connected to the high-frequency heating device 20 to control the output frequency of the metal column 70. One end of the buffer plate 26 is tilted toward the end of the sorting channel 22 by gravity and is flush to the bearing seat 25 by crimping of the metal posts 70 to form a buffer receiving metal post 70 and to maintain the upright posture of the metal post 70. The buffer plate 26 adopts an asymmetric structure and is flattened to the bearing seat 25 under the compression joint of the metal posts 70. The buffer plate 26 automatically tilts when the metal posts 70 are removed to form a buffer receiving structure. The first manipulator device 30 can clamp the metal column 70 from the space between the end of the sorting channel 22 and the buffer plate 26, improving the accuracy of the clamping.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, the first robot device 30 is configured with a moving part 31 and a gripper jaw 32 mounted to the moving part 31, the gripper jaw 32 gripping the metal column 70 into the forging station 13, the gripper jaw 32 having a thickness less than the thickness of the blank.
The moving part 31 can drive the clamping claw 32 to move to any position in the movable area, the clamping claw 32 clamps and moves the metal column 70, and the clamping claw 32 always keeps clamping the metal column 70 when the metal column 70 moves from the sorting mechanism to the forging station 13. The contact portion between the clamping claw 32 and the metal column 70 is provided with an elastic pre-tightening structure, so that the metal column 70 can still maintain a clamping posture after the forging station 13 is processed. Wherein the clamping jaw 32 is provided with a spring pretension or a link pretension mechanism.
As shown in fig. 1 and 9, in one embodiment, the star-shaped sleeve hot forging line includes a feeding mechanism 50, a cooling mechanism, and a discharging mechanism 60, and the feeding mechanism 50 provides continuous metal pieces for a high-frequency cooling device to achieve continuous processing. Optionally, the feeding structure includes a bin structure and a loading and unloading structure 51 assembled on the bin structure, the bin structure can accommodate a plurality of metal columns 70, and the loading and unloading structure 51 can lift and convey the metal columns 70 to the conveying channel 211. The loading and unloading structure 51 comprises a plurality of layers of step frames which are arranged in a superposition manner, and adjacent step frames are arranged at different heights. The step frame of the next layer moves to the previous layer and is level under the power drive to convey the metal column 70 to the previous layer, and the metal column 70 is pushed layer by layer to form the metal column 70 conveying.
The cooling mechanism is used for cooling and quenching the blank, wherein the cooling component is used for spraying cooling liquid or quenching liquid to the die station and the forging station 13 so as to quench the peripheral wall of the blank. Alternatively, the cooling unit outputs the quenching liquid in the direction of the lower die unit 12 to form the outer peripheral wall of the preform by forging and press molding, and the surface molding quality is high. The lower die assembly 12 forges and presses the rough blank under the environment that the cooling assembly outputs quenching liquid, so that the die damage caused by overheating of the upper die assembly 15 can be avoided, smooth demolding can be realized, the overall temperature is consistent, and the structural form of the die is consistent.
The second manipulator device 40 clamps and outputs the blank formed by the lower die assembly 12 to the discharging mechanism 60, the cooling mechanism and the discharging mechanism 60 are located in the movable range of the second manipulator device 40, and the discharging mechanism 60 accommodates the blank.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, which have been described above, and that various modifications and changes may be effected without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The processing method for the hot forging forming of the star-shaped sleeve is characterized in that the hot forging forming assembly line of the star-shaped sleeve comprises a high-frequency heating device, punching equipment, a first manipulator device and a second manipulator device, wherein the punching equipment comprises a workbench, a punching end, a lower die assembly arranged on the workbench and an upper die assembly arranged on the punching end, a forging station is formed between the workbench and the punching end, and the forging station is arranged at intervals with the lower die assembly;
the lower die assembly comprises a base, a plurality of forming blocks sliding along the radial direction of the base, a driving plate parallel to the base, a radial reset assembly connecting the forming blocks and the base, and an elastic reset mechanism connecting the base and the driving plate, wherein the driving plate is provided with a driving hole, a plurality of inclined guide grooves are distributed on the wall of the driving hole at intervals, the forming blocks are inserted into the driving hole, the forming blocks comprise guide surfaces matched with the guide grooves and forming surfaces matched with blank pieces, the upper die assembly pushes the driving plate to overcome the elastic force of the elastic reset mechanism to move, and the forming blocks slide along the guide grooves and are synchronously folded towards the center, and the forming surfaces squeeze the forged blank pieces;
the molding block is provided with a main body part and a cantilever part protruding out of the main body part, a step structure is formed between the main body part and the cantilever part, the molding surface is arranged on one side of the cantilever part facing the center direction, the molding surface comprises an arc-shaped surface and a rollaway nest rib protruding out of the arc-shaped surface in an inclined manner, and the rollaway nest rib is obliquely arranged from the top end of the molding block to the direction of the base;
the upper die assembly comprises a mounting plate, an upper pressing plate, a positioning column and a plurality of elastic mechanisms distributed on the mounting plate and the upper pressing plate, wherein the elastic mechanisms comprise a plurality of inner ring springs and outer ring springs distributed around the positioning column, and spacing blocks which are fixed on the mounting plate and separate the inner ring springs from the outer ring springs, the spacing blocks protrude towards the direction of the upper pressing plate, the upper pressing plate and the lower die assembly are arranged oppositely, and the positioning column is used for positioning the center of the blank;
the processing method comprises the following steps:
s101, integrally heating a columnar metal column through the high-frequency heating device;
s102, the first manipulator device clamps the peripheral wall of the metal column and moves to the forging station, and the stamping end moves towards the direction of the workbench and impacts the end part of the metal column so as to preliminarily forge the metal column into the rough blank; the forging station is used for forging and pressing the end face shape and the physical dimension of the metal column, wherein the end face shape comprises a right circular end face formed on the end face of the metal column and a spherical groove positioned in the center of the right circular end face, the physical dimension comprises the outer diameter dimension of the rough blank which is larger than the outer diameter dimension of the metal column, and the axial length dimension of the rough blank is smaller than the axial length dimension of the metal column;
s103, the first manipulator device moves the rough blank again and sends the rough blank into the lower die assembly, and the lower die assembly centers the rough blank;
s104, the stamping end moves towards the direction of the workbench and pushes the upper die assembly to push the lower die assembly to die-close and forge the rough blank, so that the rough blank is forged to form a blank;
s105, the stamping end drives the upper die assembly to be far away from the lower die assembly, the lower die assembly sends the blank out of the workbench, and the second manipulator device clamps the blank out of the lower die assembly;
repeating the steps S101-S105 to perform continuous production.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the coining end drives the upper die assembly to a die closing stroke of the lower die assembly greater than or equal to a coining stroke of the forging station.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the base comprises a bottom plate, an annular seat surrounding the bottom plate, and a support seat fixed to the bottom plate, the cantilever portion slides on top of the support seat, the support seat is movably provided with a positioning pin, and the positioning pin positions the center of the blank.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forging station includes a lower positioning groove provided on the table and an upper positioning groove distributed on the punching end, a groove wall of the lower positioning groove gradually increases from a groove bottom to an opening direction, a groove bottom part of the lower positioning groove protrudes to be spherical, and the lower positioning groove and the upper positioning groove are symmetrically provided.
5. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the star-shaped sleeve hot forging line further includes a sorting passage connecting the high-frequency heating apparatus and the punch press device, the high-frequency heating apparatus includes a heating zone and a conveying passage penetrating the heating zone, the sorting passage is located in an extending direction of the conveying passage, a height of the heating zone is higher than a height of the table, the sorting passage is connected to the table in an inclined manner, a sorting mechanism is provided at a terminal end of the sorting passage, and the sorting mechanism stands the metal column at a forefront end.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the sorting mechanism comprises a stopper and a rotatable sorting frame, an inclined surface and an arc surface positioned at the tail end of the inclined surface are arranged on the side direction of the stopper, a plurality of spacing grooves are distributed at intervals on the outer edge of the sorting frame, one spacing groove can drive a metal column to enter the stopper, the sorting frame and the arc surface are folded and clamped to the metal column, and the center line of the sorting frame is inclined relative to the workbench.
7. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the star-shaped sleeve hot forging line includes a feeding mechanism, a cooling mechanism and a discharging mechanism, the cooling mechanism and the discharging mechanism are located in a movable range of the second manipulator device, the cooling mechanism is used for cooling and quenching the blank, and the discharging mechanism receives the blank.
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| CN202311446152.XA CN117161284B (en) | 2023-11-02 | 2023-11-02 | Processing method for hot forging forming of star-shaped sleeve |
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