CN117153647A - H-face ultra-compact strip-shaped traveling wave tube coupler with arc resonator - Google Patents
H-face ultra-compact strip-shaped traveling wave tube coupler with arc resonator Download PDFInfo
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- CN117153647A CN117153647A CN202311033726.0A CN202311033726A CN117153647A CN 117153647 A CN117153647 A CN 117153647A CN 202311033726 A CN202311033726 A CN 202311033726A CN 117153647 A CN117153647 A CN 117153647A
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- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
- H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
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Abstract
The invention provides an H-plane ultra-compact strip-shaped traveling wave tube coupler with an arc resonator, which comprises a straight waveguide communicated with a slow wave structure; and a circular arc resonator formed on the straight waveguide; the axis of the straight waveguide is mutually perpendicular to the axis of the electron beam channel of the slow wave structure in the same horizontal plane; the circular arc resonator penetrates the straight waveguide in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the straight waveguide and the axis of the electron beam channel. The coupler can solve the problems of small size and overlong axial size of the electron beam channel of the existing ribbon beam traveling wave tube coupler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave vacuum electronics. And more particularly to an H-plane ultra-compact strip beam traveling wave tube coupler with a circular arc resonator.
Background
The ribbon beam traveling wave tube is a vacuum amplifying device, has the characteristics of large transverse dimension and wide frequency band and high gain, and is widely paid attention to. How to realize the isolation of electron beam and microwave and the low-loss input and output of microwave is an important problem of research.
The existing coupler mainly has the following two modes in the aspects of realizing electron beam and microwave isolation. One is to achieve isolation by reducing the size of the beam channel. As shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a curved dual-ridge waveguide coupler is provided, which is an example of achieving good isolation by reducing the electron beam channel. In engineering application, the large electron beam channel size is a key for ensuring the transmission of the high band-shaped injection flow rate in the prior art, and too small electron beam channel sectional area can lead to very low band-shaped injection flow rate and can not realize device design indexes.
The second way is to achieve isolation by adding a bragg resonator to the beam path. As shown in fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a cascaded bragg resonator coupler is presented, which is typical of the isolation achieved with bragg resonators. This approach does not reduce the size of the beam channel, but increases the length of the coupler beyond 3 wavelengths in axial dimension, and too long a circuit can adversely affect the beam flow rate. Because the coupler needs to appear 4 times in a section of traveling wave tube circuit, the coupler occupies about 35% of the effective transmission distance of the strip beam, and the excessive length limits the electron beam rate and increases the loss.
In addition to these, there are some non-mainstream ribbon-type injection coupler designs, such as porous couplers, E-plane curved couplers, chebyshev curve directional couplers, polarization rotating couplers, etc. They cannot meet the four-point design requirements of the coupler in engineering, namely, the axial length is as short as possible, the electron beam passage area is as large as possible, the input and output coupling is carried out from the H face, and the two-dimensional processing is convenient, so that the coupler cannot be practically applied.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an H-face ultra-compact band-shaped traveling wave tube coupler with an arc resonator to solve the problems of small electron beam channel size and overlong axial size of the existing band-shaped traveling wave tube coupler.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an H-face ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler with an arc resonator, which comprises the following components:
a straight waveguide in communication with the slow wave structure; and
a circular arc resonator formed on the straight waveguide;
the axis of the straight waveguide is mutually perpendicular to the axis of the electron beam channel of the slow wave structure in the same horizontal plane;
the circular arc resonator penetrates the straight waveguide in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the straight waveguide and the axis of the electron beam channel.
Preferably, the circular arc resonator penetrates through the straight waveguide and the electron beam channel simultaneously.
Preferably, the coupler further comprises a loading structure for modulating electric field distribution, and the loading structure is formed on the surface of one side of the straight waveguide far away from the electron beam channel; the horizontal section of the loading structure is circular; the circle center of the loading structure is close to the slow wave structure.
Preferably, a chamfer is formed on the straight waveguide; the horizontal section of the chamfer is in a quarter circle shape; the dimension range of the horizontal section radius of the chamfer is 2.564 mm-3.134 mm.
The preferred scheme is that the circle center corresponding to the chamfer is mutually overlapped with the circle center corresponding to the arc edge of the arc resonator.
Preferably, the arc resonator comprises an inner arc edge and an outer arc edge; the size range of the inner radius corresponding to the inner arc edge is 2.065 mm-2.523 mm; the size range of the outer radius corresponding to the outer arc edge is 2.492 mm-3.046 mm.
Preferably, the height of the arc resonator in the vertical direction is in the range of 2.889 mm-3.531 mm.
Preferably, the circular arc resonator comprises a first part positioned above the straight waveguide and a second part positioned below the straight waveguide; the height of the first portion in the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the second portion in the vertical direction.
The preferred scheme is that the dimension range of the horizontal distance between the center of the circle of the loading structure and the axis of the electron beam channel is 1.031 mm-1.126 mm; the dimension range of the horizontal distance between the circle center of the loading structure and the side wall of the straight waveguide, which is close to the end part of the slow wave structure, is 0.687 mm-0.839 mm; the radius of the loading structure ranges from 0.525mm to 0.653mm; the thickness of the loading structure ranges from 0.276mm to 0.338mm.
The invention also provides a design method of the H-plane ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler with the arc resonator, which comprises the following steps:
designing an initial coupler, wherein the initial coupler comprises a straight waveguide communicated with a slow wave structure; the axis of the straight waveguide is mutually perpendicular to the axis of the electron beam channel of the slow wave structure in the same horizontal plane; and a circular arc resonator penetrating the straight waveguide along the direction perpendicular to the axis of the straight waveguide and the axis of the electron beam channel is designed on the straight waveguide to realize the isolation of microwaves and electron beams.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention realizes the isolation of the microwave and the electron beam channel by not shrinking the electron beam channel, but integrating the arc resonator on the straight waveguide communicated with the slow wave structure, so that the electron beam channel does not need to be shrunk, thereby ensuring the flow rate of the strip beam when entering and outputting the high-frequency circuit; the invention greatly shortens the longitudinal length of the coupler, reduces the length of the interaction circuit of the band-shaped traveling wave tube from about three working wavelengths of the existing design to one wavelength, and particularly has more remarkable circuit shortening effect on the band-shaped traveling wave tube with lower frequency band (long wavelength).
Drawings
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art curved dual ridge waveguide coupler.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art cascaded bragg resonant coupler.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the coupling of the present invention in combination with a slow wave structure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of a cascaded bragg resonant coupler with a slow wave structure.
Fig. 5A is a front view of the coupler of the present invention mated with a slow wave structure.
Fig. 5B is a side view of the coupler of the present invention mated with a slow wave structure.
Fig. 5C is one of the top views of the coupler of the present invention when mated with a slow wave structure.
Fig. 5D is a second top view of the coupler of the present invention mated with a slow wave structure.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the variation of S11 parameters according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the variation of S21 parameter according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the variation of S31 parameter in the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing a change in electric field intensity distribution at 100GHz in the coupler of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
The problems of small size and overlong axial size of an electron beam channel of the existing ribbon beam traveling wave tube coupler are solved. The invention provides an H-plane ultra-compact strip-shaped traveling wave tube coupler with an arc resonator, which is shown in combination with fig. 1 to 9, and specifically comprises the following components: a straight waveguide 1 in communication with the slow wave structure 5; and a circular arc resonator 2 formed on the straight waveguide 1; the axis of the straight waveguide 1 is mutually perpendicular to the axis of the electron beam channel 4 of the slow wave structure 5 in the same horizontal plane; the circular arc resonator 2 penetrates the straight waveguide 1 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the straight waveguide 1 and the axis of the electron beam passage 4.
In terms of isolating electromagnetic waves and electron beam channels, the invention cancels the structure of the existing Bragg resonator, isolates the electromagnetic waves and the electron beam by integrating the arc resonator 2 on the straight waveguide 1 communicated with the slow wave structure 5, and greatly shortens the axial length of the coupler under the condition of not reducing the electron beam channels.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the axis direction of the electron beam channel 4 is set along the z direction, the x direction is perpendicular to the z direction, the axis of the straight waveguide 1 is set along the z direction, the y direction is perpendicular to both the x direction and the z direction, and the circular arc resonator 2 penetrates the straight waveguide 1 along the y direction.
The design of the invention focuses on how to make the isolation of microwaves and electron beams without reducing the size of an electron beam channel or additionally arranging a Bragg resonator, and the invention creatively integrates the circular arc resonator 2 and the straight waveguide 1 by introducing the circular arc resonator 2, thereby completing the isolation of microwaves and electron beams without additionally occupying axial length. More specifically, the circular arc resonator 2 penetrates through the straight waveguide 1 and the electron beam channel 4 at the same time, and the horizontal section of the circular arc resonator 2 is circular arc.
In a specific embodiment, the coupler further comprises a loading structure 3 for modulating electric field distribution, wherein the loading structure 3 is formed on the surface of one side of the straight waveguide 1, which is far away from the electron beam channel 4; the horizontal section of the loading structure 3 is circular; the circle center of the loading structure 3 is close to the slow wave structure 5; the electric field distribution is modulated by adding a loading structure 3 to the straight waveguide 1 and a good match can be achieved.
Further, regarding the design position and the design size of the loading structure 3, the size range of the horizontal distance x between the center of the circle of the loading structure 3 and the axis of the electron beam channel 4 is 1.031 mm-1.126 mm; the dimension range of the horizontal distance z between the center of the loading structure 3 and the side wall of the straight waveguide 1, which is close to the end part of the slow wave structure 5, is 0.687 mm-0.839 mm; radius r of the loading structure 3 hole The size range of (2) is 0.525 mm-0.653 mm; the thickness t of the loading structure 3 in the y-direction ranges from 0.276mm to 0.338mm in size.
More specifically, as shown in connection with fig. 5A to 5D, where the long side a= 2.380mm and the wide side b=1.109 mm of the straight waveguide 1; the position of the loading structure 3 is x=1.458 mm, and z=0.763 mm; radius r of loading structure 3 hole =0.594 mm, thickness t=0.307 mm; length a of electron beam channel 4 3 =1.76 mm, width b 3 =0.3 mm. The total length of the coupler of the present invention is 2.38mm, about three-quarters of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the device (95 GHz).
In a specific embodiment, in order to further optimize the matching, the straight waveguide 1 is formed with a chamfer; the horizontal section of the chamfer is in a quarter circle shape; the chamfer has a horizontal cross-sectional radius R ranging in size from 2.564mm to 3.134mm, preferably r= 2.849mm. Further, the circle center corresponding to the chamfer is coincident with the circle center corresponding to the arc edge of the arc resonator 2.
In the above embodiment, the circular arc resonator 2 includes an inner arc side and an outer arc side; the inner radius r corresponding to the inner arc edge 3 In the size range of 2.065mm to 2.523mm, preferably r 3 ＝2.294mm; the outer radius r corresponding to the outer arc edge 2 The size of (2) is 2.492-3.046 mm, preferably r 2 = 2.769mm; height b of the circular arc resonator 2 in the vertical direction (y-direction) 2 The size of (a) is in the range of 2.889mm to 3.531mm, preferably b) 2 ＝3.21mm。
In order to achieve better isolation effect on microwaves, the circular arc resonator 2 comprises a first part positioned above the straight waveguide 1 and a second part positioned below the straight waveguide 1; the height of the first portion in the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the second portion in the vertical direction.
Fig. 6 to 8 show the variation of the S parameter in the present invention, and fig. 6 to 8 show that in the operating frequency band (90 to 100 GHz) of the slow wave structure 5, S11 is less than-20 dB, S21 is greater than-0.1 dB, S31 is less than-19.5 dB, and the coupling effect is good.
Fig. 9 shows the transmission of 100GHz electromagnetic waves in the coupler and the slow wave structure 5, from which it can be seen that the electromagnetic waves are well input into the slow wave structure 5, and that the integrated circular arc resonator 2 can effectively reflect the electromagnetic waves, and that the reasonable conditions of electron waves and electron beam are good.
The invention also provides a design method of the H-plane ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler with the arc resonator, which comprises the following steps: designing an initial coupler comprising a straight waveguide 1 in communication with a slow wave structure 5; the axis of the straight waveguide 1 is mutually perpendicular to the axis of the electron beam channel 4 of the slow wave structure 5 in the same horizontal plane; the circular resonator 2 penetrating the straight waveguide 1 along the direction perpendicular to the axis of the straight waveguide 1 and the axis of the electron beam channel 4 is designed on the straight waveguide 1 to realize the isolation of microwaves and electron beams. The coupler of the invention cancels the common Bragg resonator structure, adopts an arc resonator 2 integrated on a straight waveguide 1 for microwave input and output to realize the reflection of electromagnetic waves, thereby realizing the isolation of electromagnetic waves and electron beam, and completing the input and output coupling of the band-shaped traveling wave tube in a length smaller than one wavelength.
In summary, the invention does not realize the isolation of microwaves and electron beam channels by shrinking the electron beam channels, but realizes the isolation by integrating the arc resonator on the straight waveguide communicated with the slow wave structure, so that the electron beam channels do not need to be shrunk, thereby ensuring the flow rate of the strip beam when entering and outputting the high-frequency circuit; the invention greatly shortens the longitudinal length of the coupler, reduces the length of the interaction circuit of the band-shaped traveling wave tube from about three working wavelengths of the existing design to one wavelength, and particularly has more remarkable circuit shortening effect on the band-shaped traveling wave tube with lower frequency band (long wavelength).
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are provided merely for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An H-plane ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler with a circular arc resonator, comprising:
a straight waveguide in communication with the slow wave structure; and
a circular arc resonator formed on the straight waveguide;
the axis of the straight waveguide is mutually perpendicular to the axis of the electron beam channel of the slow wave structure in the same horizontal plane;
the circular arc resonator penetrates the straight waveguide in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the straight waveguide and the axis of the electron beam channel.
2. The H-plane ultra-compact strip beam traveling wave tube coupler with circular arc resonator of claim 1, wherein the circular arc resonator extends through both the straight waveguide and the electron beam channel.
3. The H-plane ultra-compact strip beam traveling wave tube coupler with circular arc resonator according to claim 1, further comprising a loading structure for modulating electric field distribution, the loading structure being formed on a side surface of the straight waveguide remote from the electron beam channel; the horizontal section of the loading structure is circular; the circle center of the loading structure is close to the slow wave structure.
4. The H-plane ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler with arc resonator of claim 1, wherein the straight waveguide has a chamfer formed thereon; the horizontal section of the chamfer is in a quarter circle shape; the dimension range of the horizontal section radius of the chamfer is 2.564 mm-3.134 mm.
5. The H-plane ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler with circular arc resonator according to claim 4, wherein the center of the circle corresponding to the chamfer is coincident with the center of the circle corresponding to the arc edge of the circular arc resonator.
6. The H-plane ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler with circular arc resonator of claim 5, wherein the circular arc resonator comprises an inner arc edge and an outer arc edge; the size range of the inner radius corresponding to the inner arc edge is 2.065 mm-2.523 mm; the size range of the outer radius corresponding to the outer arc edge is 2.492 mm-3.046 mm.
7. The H-plane ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler with circular arc resonator of claim 1, wherein the circular arc resonator has a height in the vertical direction in the size range of 2.889mm to 3.531mm.
8. The H-plane ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler with circular arc resonator of claim 1, wherein the circular arc resonator comprises a first portion above the straight waveguide and a second portion below the straight waveguide; the height of the first portion in the vertical direction is smaller than the height of the second portion in the vertical direction.
9. The H-plane ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler with arc resonator of claim 3, wherein the horizontal distance between the center of the circle of the loading structure and the axis of the electron beam channel ranges in size from 1.031mm to 1.126mm; the dimension range of the horizontal distance between the circle center of the loading structure and the side wall of the straight waveguide, which is close to the end part of the slow wave structure, is 0.687 mm-0.839 mm; the radius of the loading structure ranges from 0.525mm to 0.653mm; the thickness of the loading structure ranges from 0.276mm to 0.338mm.
10. The design method of the H-plane ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler with the arc resonator is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
designing an initial coupler, wherein the initial coupler comprises a straight waveguide communicated with a slow wave structure; the axis of the straight waveguide is mutually perpendicular to the axis of the electron beam channel of the slow wave structure in the same horizontal plane; and a circular arc resonator penetrating the straight waveguide along the direction perpendicular to the axis of the straight waveguide and the axis of the electron beam channel is designed on the straight waveguide to realize the isolation of microwaves and electron beams.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311033726.0A CN117153647A (en) | 2023-08-16 | 2023-08-16 | H-face ultra-compact strip-shaped traveling wave tube coupler with arc resonator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311033726.0A CN117153647A (en) | 2023-08-16 | 2023-08-16 | H-face ultra-compact strip-shaped traveling wave tube coupler with arc resonator |
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| CN117153647A true CN117153647A (en) | 2023-12-01 |
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| CN202311033726.0A Pending CN117153647A (en) | 2023-08-16 | 2023-08-16 | H-face ultra-compact strip-shaped traveling wave tube coupler with arc resonator |
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2023
- 2023-08-16 CN CN202311033726.0A patent/CN117153647A/en active Pending
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