CN116978764A - Ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler and design method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116978764A CN116978764A CN202310911754.1A CN202310911754A CN116978764A CN 116978764 A CN116978764 A CN 116978764A CN 202310911754 A CN202310911754 A CN 202310911754A CN 116978764 A CN116978764 A CN 116978764A
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- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
- H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
- H01J23/42—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit the interaction circuit being a helix or a helix-derived slow-wave structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler and a design method thereof, wherein the coupler comprises a straight waveguide communicated with a slow wave structure; a loading structure for modulating the electric field distribution; the loading structure is formed on the surface of one side of the straight waveguide far away from the electron beam channel. The coupler can solve the problems of small size and overlong axial size of the electron beam channel of the existing ribbon beam traveling wave tube coupler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave vacuum electronics. And more particularly to an ultra-compact ribbon beam traveling wave tube coupler and method of designing the same.
Background
The ribbon beam traveling wave tube is a vacuum amplifying device, has the characteristics of large transverse dimension and wide frequency band and high gain, and is widely paid attention to. How to realize the isolation of electron beam and microwave and the low-loss input and output of microwave is an important problem of research.
The existing coupler designs are mainly two, and are two-section designs of a gradual transition structure combined bending waveguide connector. The difference is that the isolation of microwaves and electron beams is achieved by optimizing the input matching and reducing the size of the electron beam channel through a double-ridge waveguide, see fig. 1. Another is to optimize input matching and add reflectors by cascading waveguides to achieve isolation, see fig. 2.
The existing design mainly has two problems which prevent the practical application. The pain point designed in fig. 1 is that the isolation of the electron beam and the microwaves is realized by reducing the area of the electron beam channel, while in engineering application, the large size of the electron beam channel is the key for ensuring the transmission of the high band-shaped beam flow rate in the prior art, and too small cross section area of the electron beam channel can lead to low band-shaped beam flow rate and cannot realize the design index of the device. The problem with the configuration of fig. 2 is that its axial dimension is too long, with a length of about 3 operating wavelengths, and the coupler needs to appear 4 times in a section of traveling wave tube circuit, which will occupy about 35% of the effective transmission distance of the strip, limiting the length of the interaction circuit and the output power of the device.
In addition, there are some non-mainstream ribbon-type injection coupler designs, such as porous couplers, E-plane curved couplers, chebyshev curve directional couplers, etc. They cannot meet the four-point design requirements of the coupler in engineering, namely, the axial length is as short as possible, the electron beam passage area is as large as possible, the input and output coupling is carried out from the H face, and the two-dimensional processing is convenient, so that the coupler cannot be practically applied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultra-compact band-shaped traveling wave tube coupler and a design method thereof to solve the problems of small electron beam channel size and overlong axial size of the existing band-shaped traveling wave tube coupler.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler, which comprises:
a straight waveguide in communication with the slow wave structure; and
a loading structure for modulating the electric field distribution;
the loading structure is formed on the surface of one side of the straight waveguide far away from the electron beam channel.
Preferably, the loading structure is formed by recessing a portion of the surface of the straight waveguide away from the electron beam channel.
Preferably, the section of the straight waveguide is rectangular; a chamfer is formed on the straight waveguide; the horizontal section of the chamfer is in a quarter circle shape.
Preferably, the horizontal section of the loading structure is circular; the circle center of the loading structure is close to the slow wave structure.
Preferably, the radius of the horizontal section of the chamfer is R, and R is more than or equal to 1.6mm and less than or equal to 1.8mm.
Preferably, the axis of the straight waveguide is perpendicular to the axis of the electron beam channel in the same horizontal plane.
Preferably, the plane of the bottom surface of the straight waveguide is in the same plane as the plane of the bottom surface of the electron beam channel of the slow wave structure.
The preferred scheme is that the horizontal distance between the center of the circle of the loading structure and the axis of the electron beam channel is x, and x is more than or equal to 1mm and less than or equal to 1.3mm;
the horizontal distance between the circle center of the loading structure and the side wall of the straight waveguide, which is close to the end part of the slow wave structure, is z, wherein z is more than or equal to 3mm and less than or equal to 3.3mm;
the radius of the loading structure is r, and r is more than or equal to 0.39mm and less than or equal to 0.43mm;
the thickness of the loading structure is t, and t is more than or equal to 0.15mm and less than or equal to 0.2mm.
Preferably, the coupler further comprises a Bragg reflector in communication with the electron beam channel; the Bragg reflector is located between the straight waveguide and the electron gun or between the straight waveguide and the collector.
The invention also provides a design method of the ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler, which comprises the following steps: designing an initial coupler, wherein the initial coupler comprises a straight waveguide communicated with a slow wave structure; and a loading structure is designed on the surface of one side of the straight waveguide, which is far away from the electron beam channel, so as to modulate electric field distribution and realize good matching.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention eliminates the complex gradual change structure of the existing coupler, adopts a mode of directly connecting a rectangular straight waveguide with a strip-shaped slow wave injection structure to carry out microwave input and output, and adds a loading structure on the straight waveguide to modulate electric field distribution, thereby realizing good matching.
Drawings
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art curved dual ridge waveguide coupler.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art cascaded bragg resonant coupler.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the coupling of the present invention in combination with a slow wave structure.
Fig. 4A is a graph of electric field distribution variation in the YOZ plane of the straight waveguide without the loading structure.
Fig. 4B is a graph showing the electric field distribution in the YOZ plane of the straight waveguide according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of a cascaded bragg resonant coupler with a slow wave structure.
Fig. 6A is a front view of the coupler of the present invention mated with a slow wave structure.
Fig. 6B is a side view of the coupler of the present invention mated with a slow wave structure.
Fig. 6C is a top view of the coupler of the present invention mated with a slow wave structure.
Fig. 7 is an S-parameter variation diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing a change in electric field intensity distribution at 100GHz in the coupler of the present invention.
Fig. 9A is a graph showing the influence of processing errors on the S11 parameter of the present invention.
Fig. 9B is a graph showing the influence of the processing error on the S21 parameter of the present invention.
Fig. 9C is a graph showing the influence of the processing error on the S31 parameter of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a W-band traveling wave tube interaction circuit comprised of the coupler, attenuator and interleaved dual-gate slow wave structure of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a graph of output power curves of a W-band-type interaction circuit using the coupler of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
The problems of small size and overlong axial size of an electron beam channel of the existing ribbon beam traveling wave tube coupler are solved. The invention provides an ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler, which is shown in combination with fig. 1 to 11, and specifically comprises: a rectangular straight waveguide 1 communicating with the slow wave structure 6 for inputting and outputting signals; and a loading structure 2 for modulating the electric field distribution; the loading structure 2 is formed on one side surface of the rectangular straight waveguide 1 far away from the electron beam channel 5; the axis of the rectangular straight waveguide 1 and the axis of the electron beam channel 5 are mutually perpendicular in the same horizontal plane. The invention cancels the traditional gradual transition structure, adopts the mode that the rectangular straight waveguide 1 with the H surface is directly connected with the strip-shaped slow wave injection circuit to carry out microwave input and output, and optimizes the isolation degree and ensures the large area of the electron beam channel by adding the Bragg reflector at the electron beam channel 5. It should be noted that the coupler is simple and effective, the axial length is extremely short, and the coupler is expected to become a main angle for future band-shaped traveling wave tube coupler engineering application, and for convenience of reference, the novel coupler provided by the invention can be called as a variant slot coupler. As shown in fig. 3, the direction of the electron beam passage axis is along the z direction, the x direction is perpendicular to the z direction, and the y direction is perpendicular to both the x direction and the z direction.
The design of the invention focuses on how to make the matching in the case that the slow wave circuit and the input/output waveguide are at 90 degrees. Specifically, the invention provides a method for modulating electric field distribution by adding a metal loading structure 2 on the E surface of an input/output waveguide by analyzing the distribution conditions of an electric field, a magnetic field and wall current in a coupler, and realizes good matching. Fig. 4A and 4B show a plane cross-sectional view of yoz of the electric field distribution in the coupler before and after adding the loading structure 2, it can be seen that the peak of the electric field is closer to the side of the slow wave structure after adding the loading structure 2, and the z-direction electric field is excited.
It will be appreciated that the coupler comprises an input coupler and an output coupler; the input coupler and the output coupler have the same structure and are distributed at two ends of the slow wave structure; the coupler further comprises a bragg reflector 4 in communication with the electron beam channel 5; when the coupler is an input coupler, the Bragg reflector 4 is positioned between the rectangular straight waveguide 1 and the electron gun; when the coupler is an output coupler, the Bragg reflector 4 is located between the rectangular straight waveguide 1 and the collector.
In a specific embodiment, the loading structure 2 is formed by recessing a part of the surface of the rectangular straight waveguide 1 away from the electron beam channel 5, that is, by a part of the surface of an upper grating body near the top surface of the rectangular straight waveguide 1 protruding downward to form the loading structure 2 on the rectangular straight waveguide 1, or by a part of the surface of a lower grating body near the bottom surface of the rectangular straight waveguide 1 protruding upward to form the loading structure 2 on the rectangular straight waveguide 1.
In a specific embodiment, in order to further optimize the matching, to make the matching better, a chamfer 3 is formed on the rectangular straight waveguide 1; the horizontal section of the chamfer 3 is in a quarter circle shape; the radius of the horizontal section of the chamfer 3 is R, R is more than or equal to 1.6mm and less than or equal to 1.8mm; preferably, r= 1.733mm.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate processing, the horizontal section of the loading structure 2 is circular, and the whole loading structure is a metal round platform; the centre of the circle of the loading structure 2 is closer to the slow wave structure 6 in the Z-direction.
In the embodiment, for the design position and the design size of the loading structure 2, the horizontal distance between the center of the circle of the loading structure 2 and the axis of the electron beam channel 5 is x, and x is more than or equal to 1mm and less than or equal to 1.3mm; the horizontal distance between the circle center of the loading structure 2 and the side wall of the rectangular straight waveguide 1, which is close to the end part of the slow wave structure 6, is z, wherein z is more than or equal to 3mm and less than or equal to 3.3mm; the radius of the loading structure 2 is r, and r is more than or equal to 0.39mm and less than or equal to 0.43mm; the thickness of the loading structure 2 is t, and t is more than or equal to 0.15mm and less than or equal to 0.2mm. Further, the plane of the bottom surface of the rectangular straight waveguide 1 is in the same plane as the plane of the bottom surface of the electron beam channel 5 of the slow wave structure 6.
More specifically, as shown in connection with fig. 6A to 6C, wherein the long side a=2.120 mm and the wide side dimension b=0.908 mm of the rectangular straight waveguide 1; the loading structure 2 is positioned with x=1.165 mm, z=3.147 mm, radius r=0.414 mm, thickness t=0.166 mm; length a of bragg reflector 4 2 =3.125 mm, width b 2 2.797mm, thickness d 3 =0.805 mm; the coupler of the present invention has a length a of electron beam tunnel formed by the Bragg reflector 4 3 =2 mm, width b 3 = 2.797mm; the total length l=3.16 mm of the coupler of the present invention is approximately equal to the corresponding wavelength of the device center frequency (95 GHz). It is noted that the electron beam tunnel area formed by the coupler of the present invention is 2.27 times that of the slow wave structure, while the electron beam tunnel formed by the curved double-ridge waveguide coupler is only 0.7 times that of the slow wave structure matched with the curved double-ridge waveguide coupler, which is contrary to engineering requirements.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of the S parameter variation of the present invention, in the operating frequency band (90-100 GHz) of the slow wave structure 6, the input reflection S11 of the novel coupler is less than-25 dB, the transmission coefficient S21 is greater than-0.07 dB, the isolation S31 is less than-22 dB, and the coupling effect is significantly improved.
As can be seen from fig. 8, the electromagnetic wave is well input into the slow wave structure 6, the bragg reflector 4 can effectively reflect the electromagnetic wave, and the electric field distribution in the input waveguide of the coupler is very similar to that in the slow wave structure, so that the interference to the electron beam is small.
Whether the coupler is sensitive to machining errors is an important index for evaluating the design. Fig. 9A-9C show the S parameter variation of the coupler of the present invention with a thickness, radius and position variation of 10um of the loading structure 2. In the frequency range of 90-100GHz, the processing errors have little effect on the coupler of the present invention.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 10, the present invention designs a W-band interaction circuit to verify the actual operation capability of the coupler, wherein part 1 includes 29 slow wave structure periods, part 2 includes 36 slow wave structure periods, and part 3 includes 10 phase rate jump periods. As compared to cascaded bragg resonator couplers, it is shown in connection with fig. 11 that the interaction circuit using the coupler of the present invention has a more stable power output at the same number of cycles, mainly because the interaction circuit employing the coupler of the present invention has no disturbances of the power plant in the graded structure and can therefore reach saturation in slow wave structures with a smaller number of cycles. Thus, in the 96-100GHz range, circuits using the coupler of the present invention can be saturated and therefore have higher output power.
The design advantages of the invention mainly include the following three points: firstly, a resonant cavity is added at an electron beam channel, so that the isolation degree is improved, the area of the electron beam channel is enlarged, the area of the electron beam channel which is multiple times that of the existing band-shaped beam traveling wave tube coupler is obtained, and the flow rate of the band-shaped beam when entering and outputting a high-frequency circuit is ensured; the invention greatly shortens the longitudinal length of the coupler, reduces the length of the interaction circuit of the band-shaped beam traveling wave tube from about 3 working wavelengths to about 1 wavelength in the existing design, and particularly has more remarkable effect of shortening the circuit for the band-shaped beam traveling wave tube with lower frequency band (long wavelength); the coupler is simple and effective in structure, convenient to process, insensitive to processing errors, and PIC simulation results show that the coupler can well complete microwave coupling and simultaneously shorten an interaction circuit.
In particular, as a brand new ribbon beam traveling wave tube coupler, the structure has great room for improvement. For example, its longitudinal dimension can be further reduced even less than one operating wavelength. For another example, a circular hole can be added at the waveguide connection part, and reflection of a low frequency band can be further reduced.
In addition, the invention also provides a design method of the ultra-compact strip beam traveling wave tube coupler, the method specifically comprises the steps of designing an initial coupler, wherein the initial coupler comprises a rectangular straight waveguide 1 communicated with a slow wave structure 6, and the axis of the designed rectangular straight waveguide 1 and the axis of an electron beam channel 5 are mutually perpendicular in the same horizontal plane; a loading structure 2 is designed on the surface of one side of the rectangular straight waveguide 1 far away from the electron beam channel 5 to modulate electric field distribution, so that good matching is realized; the bragg reflector 4 is added to the end part of the electron beam channel 5 to optimize the isolation and ensure a large electron beam channel sectional area.
In summary, the invention eliminates the complex gradual change structure of the existing coupler, adopts the mode that the rectangular straight waveguide is directly connected with the strip slow wave injection structure to carry out microwave input and output, and adds a loading structure on the rectangular straight waveguide to modulate electric field distribution, thereby realizing good matching.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are provided merely for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler, comprising:
a straight waveguide in communication with the slow wave structure; and
a loading structure for modulating the electric field distribution;
the loading structure is formed on the surface of one side of the straight waveguide far away from the electron beam channel.
2. The ultra-compact strip beam traveling wave tube coupler of claim 1, wherein the loading structure is formed by a portion of the surface of the straight waveguide facing away from the beam channel being recessed inwardly.
3. The ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler of claim 1, wherein the straight waveguide is rectangular in cross-section; a chamfer is formed on the straight waveguide; the horizontal section of the chamfer is in a quarter circle shape.
4. The ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler of claim 1, wherein the loading structure is circular in horizontal cross section; the circle center of the loading structure is close to the slow wave structure.
5. The ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler of claim 3, wherein the chamfer has a horizontal cross-sectional radius R of 1.6mm +.r +.1.8 mm.
6. The ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler of claim 1, wherein the axis of the straight waveguide is in the same horizontal plane as the electron beam channel axis.
7. The ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler of claim 1, wherein the plane of the bottom surface of the straight waveguide is in the same plane as the plane of the bottom surface of the electron beam channel of the slow wave structure.
8. The ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler of claim 4, wherein the horizontal distance between the center of the circle of the loading structure and the axis of the electron beam channel is x, and x is 1 mm-1.3 mm;
the horizontal distance between the circle center of the loading structure and the side wall of the straight waveguide, which is close to the end part of the slow wave structure, is z, wherein z is more than or equal to 3mm and less than or equal to 3.3mm;
the radius of the loading structure is r, and r is more than or equal to 0.39mm and less than or equal to 0.43mm;
the thickness of the loading structure is t, and t is more than or equal to 0.15mm and less than or equal to 0.2mm.
9. The ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler of claim 1, further comprising a bragg reflector in communication with the electron beam channel; the Bragg reflector is located between the straight waveguide and the electron gun or between the straight waveguide and the collector.
10. The design method of the ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
designing an initial coupler, wherein the initial coupler comprises a straight waveguide communicated with a slow wave structure; and a loading structure is designed on the surface of one side of the straight waveguide, which is far away from the electron beam channel, so as to modulate electric field distribution and realize good matching.
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| CN202310911754.1A CN116978764A (en) | 2023-07-24 | 2023-07-24 | Ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler and design method thereof |
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| CN202310911754.1A CN116978764A (en) | 2023-07-24 | 2023-07-24 | Ultra-compact strip traveling wave tube coupler and design method thereof |
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