CN117150730A - Inhalation dose conversion factor estimation method considering particle size distribution after explosion accident - Google Patents
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- JFIOVJDNOJYLKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bithionol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1SC1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1O JFIOVJDNOJYLKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- JPMOKRWIYQGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N inh1 Chemical group CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CSC(NC(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 JPMOKRWIYQGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000036387 respiratory rate Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to an inhaled dose conversion factor estimation method considering particle size distribution after an explosion accident, dividing the explosion accident into an initial explosion stage and a second stage, wherein the initial explosion stage is within the preset time of the initial stage, the second stage is a continuous combustion process, and the initial explosion stage is used for estimating a first inhaled dose conversion factor according to the release amount of uranium-containing inhalable aerosol constructed according to the mass relation between explosion equivalent and uranium-containing metal; and in the second stage, according to the inhalation dose conversion factors of the staff involved in emergency given by the different particle size ratio relations, carrying out sectional estimation on the inhalation dose conversion factors of the staff after the explosion accident, thereby carrying out fine estimation on the inhalation dose of the staff after the accident. Compared with the traditional accident estimation method, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the estimation of the post-accident inhalation dose of the staff is more accurate and is closer to the actual situation, and the method is suitable for the fine estimation of the dose of the staff subjected to emergency accident treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of radioactive accident consequence evaluation, and particularly relates to an inhaled dose conversion factor evaluation method considering particle size distribution after an explosion accident aiming at the explosion accident caused by the occurrence of external factors of the current nuclear fuel circulation facilities.
Background
In the event of an explosion accident, the purification device and the exhaust facilities may be destroyed due to the action of the explosion stress. The explosion scene can be generally divided into two stages, namely a uranium aerosol forming process under the action of explosion load and a diffusion process in the atmosphere after the uranium aerosol is formed. The result of the first question is the input condition of the second question.
Since the 60 s of the 20 th century, experiments and theoretical researches are started on radioactive aerosol source items in nuclear accident scenes, and the research contents mainly comprise an oxidation reaction and aerosol generation mechanism of plutonium-containing materials, distribution characteristics of plutonium aerosol at accident sources after nuclear accidents and the like. Uranium and plutonium have many similarities in physical and chemical properties. In 1963, "Roller counter" was developed in LNLL nevada laboratories in the united states, and was a nuclear weapon internal chemical explosive detonation experiment.
The experiment placed explosive-and plutonium-containing structures in 4 different environments to simulate the diffusion of plutonium in the event of an accident in the different environments. The Roller counter experiment provides the following data: (1) meteorological conditions at the time of the test; (2) aerosol concentration at different points downwind; (3) deposition activities at different sites downwind; (4) aerosol particle size distribution at different heights; (5) explosive cloud shape and radioactivity distribution within the cloud. The experimental group reached the following conclusion by analysis of these data: (1) increasing the explosive mass promotes the initial height of the explosive cloud to be increased so as to reduce the radioactive hazard of the ground; (2) plutonium particle size distribution indicates that the respirable fraction mass is about 20% of the total plutonium; (3) the respirable fraction has an active median kinetic diameter of 5 μm and a geometric standard deviation of 2.5; (4) most of the plutonium material in the weapon structure is aerosolized. Many students later use the data of this experiment to further analyze the particle size distribution of plutonium aerosols.
And J.Sagartz simulates the generation rule of plutonium aerosol source items of a nuclear device under accident conditions through a PBX-9404 explosive loading silver spherical shell experiment, researches the conversion rate of silver sample aerosol under different explosive configuration conditions, analyzes the influence rule of explosive explosion energy on the silver aerosol conversion rate, and does not explain the basis of using metallic silver as a plutonium substitute material.
Liu Wenjie of institute of fluid physics of China engineering institute, etc., and silver is used as a substitute material for plutonium, and experiments of source of silver aerosol under explosive explosion condition are carried out to study particle size of below 10 μm (PM) 10 ) The feasibility of using silver to simulate the distribution of plutonium material aerosol source terms was explored. The experimental results show that: analysis of aerosol source generation has been developed primarily from two aspects: the mass distribution of the aerosol with each particle size is firstly, and the normalized accumulated mass distribution of the aerosol (the mass of the aerosol with a particle size is smaller than the percentage of the total mass of sampling). The particle size and mass distribution of the silver aerosol in 7 experiments have certain similarity. The results of each sampling show that the peak value of the silver aerosol content generated by detonation loading is in the particle size range of 1.1-3.3 mu m, and the peak value is changed in the two particle size ranges of 1.1-2.1 mu m and 2.1-3.3 mu m under different loading modes. After detonation time, the percentage of silver aerosol with the thickness of 0.7-3.3 mu m is 66.8%, 76.9%, 91.0%, 93.4%, 79.8%, 82.2% and 60.1%, respectively. The aerosol content with the particle size ranging from 0.7 μm to 3.3 μm accounts for more than 60% of the total amount in the whole sampling interval. This shows that when the metallic silver is subjected to detonation loading, the aerosol content which generates smaller particle size (0.7-3.3 μm) is higher, and even the aerosol content in the particle size range can reach more than 90% under the loading of RHT-901 Gao Meng explosive. The normalized accumulated mass distribution of the sampled silver aerosol 2h after detonation loading is zero has higher consistency with the plutonium aerosol data of ORC-DT external field diffusion test.
Liu Zhiyong the SPH method is adopted to carry out numerical simulation on the high-speed impact and explosion problems of the spherical charge detonation wave high-speed extrusion uranium materials and the like. The results show that: when the specific internal energy e of the uranium material reaches 2.0MJ/kg, the uranium material is converted into an aerosol. When the mass of uranium material is 49.3g, the aerosol conversion reaches 92.8%. The more energy the uranium material absorbs per mass under the action of an explosion load, the higher the aerosol conversion efficiency, namely the greater the specific internal energy of the uranium material after being subjected to the explosion, the higher the aerosol conversion rate, and the details are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 quality and conversion of uranium aerosols under different experimental conditions
| Numbering device | Uranium aerosol mass/g | Uranium shell mass/g | Conversion% |
| 1 | 6.2 | 225.7 | 2.75 |
| 2 | 34.8 | 208.6 | 16.68 |
| 3 | 43.3 | 187.9 | 23.03 |
| 4 | 86.3 | 160.2 | 43.87 |
| 5 | 67.2 | 128.5 | 52.29 |
| 6 | 53.6 | 91.8 | 58.38 |
| 7 | 55.2 | 80.6 | 68.48 |
| 8 | 48.2 | 75.6 | 83.75 |
| 9 | 53.8 | 60.6 | 88.91 |
| 10 | 45.7 | 49.3 | 92.80 |
In the evaluation of the dose of the inhalation route of the staff, the inhaled dose conversion factor is used based on the dose conversion factor in IAEA No. RS-G-1.2, professional irradiation evaluation caused by the ingestion of radionuclides and GB18871-2002, basic Standard for protection against ionizing radiation and radiation Source safety. The inhalation dose coefficient for AMAD of 5 μm (currently considered to be the most appropriate particle size default for radionuclides in the workplace) is given in the standard; dose conversion factors of 1 μm for AMAD, which is the default value used in publication No. 30 ICRP, staff intake radionuclide limit, are also given, as are default values for public dose conversion factors.
It follows that if the inhaled dose conversion factor in the standard is used singly, the two processes of explosion are ignored. The first step is the initiation of the explosion, which forms a larger mushroom cloud, when the mass of uranium-containing metal is larger, the explosion equivalent is smaller, the aerosol conversion rate formed is very low, and the particle size of <5 μm finds 60%; and when the mass of uranium-containing metal is smaller, the conversion rate of the formed aerosol is higher and higher with the increase of the explosion equivalent. The second process of explosion is that aerosol particles diffuse along the downwind direction along with the hot smoke mass of explosion, but only particles with the particle size of <10 μm can be inhaled by staff, other particles with the particle size of >20 μm are settled to the ground within the near area (300 m) of the factory, but in the emergency process, a small amount of particles can be re-suspended in a form of re-suspension to an air belt inhaled by staff due to artificial disturbance, and the requirement of fine evaluation of the inhaled dose of emergency accident handling staff cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an inhaled dose conversion factor estimation method considering particle size distribution after an explosion accident, according to particle size distribution rules of uranium-containing aerosols at different explosion time points determined by different uranium metal masses, explosion equivalent weights, explosion core temperatures and the like, and according to the particle size distribution rules, the inhaled dose conversion factors given according to the distribution rules are considered when the inhaled dose of workers after the explosion accident is estimated, so that the inhaled dose of accident handling workers after the explosion can be accurately estimated.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method of estimating an inhalation dose conversion factor taking into account particle size distribution after an explosion event, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, after an explosion accident, dividing the explosion accident into an initial explosion stage and a second stage, wherein the initial explosion stage is within a preset time of an initial stage, and the second stage is a continuous combustion process;
s2, constructing a first inhalation dose conversion factor according to the mass relation between explosion equivalent and uranium-containing metal in the initial explosion stage;
s3, in the second stage, calculating a second inhalation dose conversion factor according to the different particle size ratios.
Further, step S2 comprises the sub-steps of:
s21, determining the mass relation between explosion equivalent and uranium-containing metal substances according to the mass relation and the calorific value relation of the uranium-containing metal substances;
s22, constructing a power exponent relation between explosion equivalent and conversion rate duty ratio of uranium aerosol according to the mass relation between the explosion equivalent and uranium-containing metal substances, and further determining the duty ratio condition of aerosol with the conversion rate of uranium aerosol being less than 5 mu m in 3min at the initial stage of explosion;
s23, determining a first inhalation dose conversion factor estimated for radioactive particles with AMAD of <5 mu m deposited in each region of the respiratory tract according to the respiratory tract model of ICRP.
Further, the relation between the explosion equivalent and the uranium-containing metal material mass determined in step S21 is
W TNT ＝α·W·Q v /Q TNT
Wherein, the efficiency factor of the alpha-steam cloud explosion indicates the fraction of the combustible gas involved in the explosion, which is generally 3% or 4%;
w-is the mass of uranium metal substances;
Q V -uranium species calorific value;
Q TNT the explosion heat of TNT is generally 4.52X10 6 J/kg；
W TNT Explosive equivalent of uranium metal species.
Further, in step S22, a power exponent relationship between the explosion equivalent and the uranium aerosol conversion ratio is constructed as
y＝(-2E-11)x 6 +(2E-08)x 5 -(8E-06)x 4 +0.0016x 3 -0.1574x 2 +6.6739x
Wherein y is the uranium aerosol conversion ratio and x is the explosion equivalent.
Further, step S3 includes obtaining a second inhalation dose conversion factor for different combustion conditions by using the established combustion temperature and aerosol duty cycle law for different particle sizes.
Further, the second inhaled dose conversion factor calculation formula obtained in step S3 is
DCF inh2 ＝a×f n1 +b×f n2 +c×f n3
Wherein f n1 Is that<Particle size ratio of 1 μm (AED); f (f) n2 Particle size ratio of 1-5 μm (AED); f (f) n3 Particle size ratio of 5-10 μm (AED); f (f) n4 Is that>Particle size ratio of 10 μm (AED), number of times of temperature measured with the development of fire, and a value of AMAD in GB18871<A dose conversion factor of 1 μm; b is a dose conversion factor of 1-5 mu m for AMAD in GB 18871; the c value is an inhalation dose conversion factor estimated for radioactive particles of 5-10 μm deposited in each region of the respiratory tract for AMAD determined from the respiratory tract model of ICRP.
Further, the second inhalation dose conversion factor calculation formula in step S3 is obtained by simulating an aerosol particle size ratio combustion experiment at different combustion temperatures.
Further, the method comprises the steps of:
in the initial explosion stage, the method for estimating the inhaled dose of the emergency rescue workers comprises the following steps:
wherein E is inh1,j Is effective dose to be accumulated or equivalent dose to be accumulated of a certain organ or tissue caused by the radionuclide inhaled into the smoke plume when the smoke mass passes through;
b is the respiration rate of the person;
DCF inh1，j is the effective dose to be accumulated or the equivalent dose to be accumulated caused by inhaling the unit activity radionuclide j, namely a first inhaled dose conversion factor;
C aj (t) is the outdoor air discharge at time tThe activity concentration of radionuclide j;
t is the duration of the initial explosion, typically 3min, i.e. 180s.
Further, the method comprises the steps of:
in the second stage, the method for estimating the inhaled dose of the emergency rescue workers comprises the following steps:
wherein E is inh2，j Is effective dose to be accumulated or equivalent dose to be accumulated of a certain organ or tissue caused by the radionuclide inhaled into the smoke plume when the smoke mass passes through;
DCF inh2，j is the effective dose to be accumulated or the equivalent dose to be accumulated caused by inhaling the unit activity radionuclide j, namely a second inhaled dose conversion factor; t is the time that the puff stays outdoors as it passes.
Further, the inhaled dose of the emergency personnel is the sum of the initial explosion and the second stage dose: e (E) inh,j ＝DCF inh1，j +DCF inh2，j 。
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: according to the method for estimating the inhaled dose conversion factor considering the particle size distribution after the explosion accident, when the uranium-containing metal is subjected to the explosion accident, the explosion accident is divided into two stages, wherein the initial stage is the initial stage of the explosion within 3 minutes, and the dose conversion factor of the staff is estimated according to the explosion equivalent. The second stage is a fire sustaining stage, and the sub-stage carries out estimation of the inhaled dose conversion factor according to the core temperature of combustion.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for estimating an inhaled dose conversion factor considering a particle size distribution after an explosion accident according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
Example 1
When an explosion accident occurs to uranium-containing metal, emergency rescue can be carried out by workers at the accident site. In the embodiment of the invention, the explosion accident is divided into two stages, wherein the initial stage is within 3 minutes of the initial explosion, and the adopted dose estimation method is to estimate the dose of the staff according to the explosion equivalent. The second stage is a fire sustaining stage, and the sub-stage carries out the estimation of the inhaled dose according to the core temperature of combustion.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an inhalation dose conversion factor estimation method considering particle size distribution after an explosion accident, the method comprising the steps of:
1. method for estimating inhaled dose conversion factor and inhaled dose of worker in early explosion stage
And determining the mass relation between the explosion equivalent and the uranium-containing metal substance according to the mass relation and the calorific value relation of the uranium-containing metal substance.
W TNT ＝α·W·Q v /Q TNT
Wherein, the efficiency factor of the alpha-steam cloud explosion indicates the fraction of the combustible gas involved in the explosion, which is generally 3% or 4%;
w-is the mass (kg) of uranium metal substances;
Q V -uranium species calorific value (KJ/kg);
Q TNT the explosion heat of TNT is generally 4.52X10 6 J/kg；
W TNT The trientine equivalent (kg) of uranium metal species.
A power exponent relationship between TNT equivalent and conversion ratio of uranium aerosol constructed according to the present invention:
y＝(-2E-11)x 6 +(2E-08)x 5 -(8E-06)x 4 +0.0016x 3 -0.1574x 2 +6.6739x
determining the aerosol conversion rate of the explosion initiation stage within 3min of the initial explosion<5 μm aerosol. From the above, it was concluded that the determination of AMAD based on the respiratory tract model of ICRP was used in the evaluation of emergency personnel in the initial explosion<Inhalation dose transitions estimated by 5 μm radioactive particle deposition in regions of the respiratory tractConversion factors, i.e. inhalation dose conversion factor DCF for workers at the workplace recommended in GB18871 inh1 。
In the accident handling process, the method for estimating the inhaled dose of the emergency rescue workers comprises the following steps:
wherein E is inh1,j Is effective dose to be accumulated or equivalent dose to be accumulated of a certain organ or tissue caused by the radionuclide inhaled into the smoke plume when the smoke mass passes through, sv;
b is the respiration rate of the person, m 3 S; respiratory rate is related to sex, age and activity of the person, and ICRP gives a typical value of respiratory rate in different states of different age group members of the public in its technical report No. 71 for comparison and dose evaluation. In addition, the respiratory rate of the adult of different age groups for 1 day is also provided, and the respiratory rate of the adult of 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years and the adult are respectively 2.86, 5.16, 8.72, 15.3, 20.1 and 22.2m 3 /d。
DCF inh1，j Is the effective dose to be accumulated or the equivalent dose to be accumulated caused by inhaling the radioactive nuclide j with unit activity, and is Sv/Bq; this dose-conversion factor is not only age-related but also particle size of the inhaled aerosol.
C aj (t) is the activity concentration of radionuclide j in the outdoor air at time t, bq/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In general, the activity concentration of radionuclides in air is not only time dependent, but also the height from the ground. In general, for the purpose of internal irradiation hazard assessment, the monitoring of radionuclides in the air is performed with a plurality of acquisitions 1.5m above the ground, i.e. the respiratory belt height air when an adult stands up.
t is the duration of the initial explosion, typically 3min, i.e. 180s.
2. Second stage, inhaled dose conversion factor and inhaled dose estimation of continuously burning staff
After explosion, uranium metal in the center of the explosion point continues to burn, and according to the burning temperature of the core, the established burning and aerosol duty ratio rules with different particle sizes are adopted, so that the inhaled dose conversion factors under different burning conditions are further refined along with the time.
Under the condition of different combustion conditions,<particle diameter ratio f of 1 μm (AED) n1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Particle diameter ratio f of 1-5 μm (AED) n2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Particle diameter ratio f of 5-10 μm (AED) n3 ；>Particle diameter ratio f of 10 μm (AED) n4 。
Wherein f n1 +f n2 +f n3 +f n4 ＝1(n＝1，2，3，4……)
Wherein n represents the number of times of temperature measurement with the development of fire.
Given the definition, set the a value to AMAD in GB18871 as<A dose conversion factor of 1 μm; setting the b value as a dose conversion factor of 1-5 mu m of AMAD in GB 18871; the value c is set to be an inhalation dose conversion factor estimated for the deposition of radioactive particles of 5 to 10 μm in AMAD on each region of the respiratory tract, which is determined based on the respiratory tract model of ICRP. In the estimation of inhaled dose conversion factor, it is considered that>10 μm uranium particles do not enter the respiratory tract of accident handling staff, so f is required for evaluation n4 This portion is snapped off.
Then, during the combustion accident handling in the late explosion period, the staff member's inhaled dose conversion factor estimation:
DCF inh2 ＝a×f n1 +b×f n2 +c×f n3
in summary, during the whole explosion process, the inhaled dose conversion factor and inhaled dose estimation of the staff are divided into two parts, i.e. the explosion initiation stage is generally less than 3min, and DCF is adopted inh1 Making an estimate of the inhaled dose; the second stage is continuous combustion stage, and adopts DCF inh2 The estimation of the inhaled dose of the fire burning part is continued.
In the later-stage fire disaster treatment process of the accident, the method for estimating the inhaled dose of the emergency rescue workers comprises the following steps:
wherein E is inh2，j Is effective dose to be accumulated or equivalent dose to be accumulated of a certain organ or tissue caused by the radionuclide inhaled into the smoke plume when the smoke mass passes through, sv;
DCF inh2，j is the effective dose to be accumulated or the equivalent dose to be accumulated caused by inhaling the radioactive nuclide j with unit activity, and is Sv/Bq; this dose-conversion factor is not only age-related but also particle size of the inhaled aerosol.
t is the time the bolus stays outdoors as it passes, s.
In estimating the inhaled dose to which the emergency personnel is exposed, the process is divided into 1 and 2, and the final inhaled dose is the sum of the doses in two stages: e (E) inh,j ＝DCF inh1，j +DCF inh2，j
According to the method for estimating the inhaled dose conversion factor taking the particle size distribution into consideration after the explosion accident, the explosion accident is divided into an initial explosion stage and a second stage, the initial explosion is within the preset time of the initial stage, the second stage is a continuous combustion process, and the initial explosion is based on the release amount of uranium-containing inhalable aerosol constructed according to the mass relation between the explosion equivalent and uranium-containing metal, so that the first inhaled dose conversion factor is estimated; and in the second stage, according to the inhalation dose conversion factors of the staff involved in emergency given by the different particle size ratio relations, carrying out sectional estimation on the inhalation dose conversion factors of the staff after the explosion accident, thereby carrying out fine estimation on the inhalation dose of the staff after the accident. Compared with the traditional accident estimation method, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the estimation of the post-accident inhalation dose of the staff is more accurate and is closer to the actual situation, and the method is suitable for the fine estimation of the dose of the staff subjected to emergency accident treatment.
The method according to the present invention is not limited to the examples described in the specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments according to the technical solution of the present invention, which also belong to the technical innovation scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of estimating an inhalation dose conversion factor taking into account particle size distribution after an explosion event, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, after an explosion accident, dividing the explosion accident into an initial explosion stage and a second stage, wherein the initial explosion stage is within a preset time of an initial stage, and the second stage is a continuous combustion process;
s2, constructing a first inhalation dose conversion factor according to the mass relation between explosion equivalent and uranium-containing metal in the initial explosion stage;
s3, in the second stage, calculating a second inhalation dose conversion factor according to the different particle size ratios.
2. The method for estimating an inhalation dose conversion factor taking into account the particle size distribution after an explosion event according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises the sub-steps of:
s21, determining the mass relation between explosion equivalent and uranium-containing metal substances according to the mass relation and the calorific value relation of the uranium-containing metal substances;
s22, constructing a power exponent relation between explosion equivalent and conversion rate duty ratio of uranium aerosol according to the mass relation between the explosion equivalent and uranium-containing metal substances, and further determining the duty ratio condition of aerosol with the conversion rate of uranium aerosol being less than 5 mu m in 3min at the initial stage of explosion;
s23, determining a first inhalation dose conversion factor estimated for radioactive particles with AMAD of <5 mu m deposited in each region of the respiratory tract according to the respiratory tract model of ICRP.
3. A method of estimating an inhalation dose conversion factor taking into account particle size distribution after an explosion event as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the relation between the explosion equivalent and the uranium-containing metal mass determined in step S21 is
W TNT ＝α·W·Q v /Q TNT
Wherein, the efficiency factor of the alpha-steam cloud explosion indicates the fraction of the combustible gas involved in the explosion, which is generally 3% or 4%;
w-is the mass of uranium metal substances;
Q V -uranium species calorific value;
Q TNT the explosion heat of TNT is generally 4.52X10 6 J/kg；
W TNT Explosive equivalent of uranium metal species.
4. A method of estimating an inhalation dose conversion factor taking into account particle size distribution after an explosion event as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in step S22, constructing a power exponent relation between explosion equivalent and uranium aerosol conversion ratio as
y＝(-2E-11)x 6 +(2E-08)x 5 -(8E-06)x 4 +0.0016x 3 -0.1574x 2 +6.6739x
Wherein y is the uranium aerosol conversion ratio and x is the explosion equivalent.
5. A method of estimating an inhalation dose conversion factor taking into account particle size distribution after an explosion event as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step S3 comprises adopting established combustion temperature and aerosol duty ratio rules of different particle sizes to obtain second inhalation dose conversion factors under different combustion conditions.
6. The method for estimating an inhalation dose conversion factor taking into account particle size distribution after an explosion event according to claim 5, wherein: the second inhaled dose conversion factor calculated in step S3 is given by
DCF inh2 ＝a×f n1 +b×f n2 +c×f n3
Wherein f n1 Is that<Particle size ratio of 1 μm (AED); f (f) n2 Particle size ratio of 1-5 μm (AED); f (f) n3 Particle size ratio of 5-10 μm (AED); f (f) n4 Is that>Particle size ratio of 10 μm (AED), number of times of temperature measured with the development of fire, and a value of AMAD in GB18871<A dose conversion factor of 1 μm; b is a dose conversion factor of 1-5 mu m for AMAD in GB 18871; cThe value is an inhalation dose conversion factor estimated for the deposition of radioactive particles of 5-10 μm in AMAD on each region of the respiratory tract, determined from the respiratory tract model of ICRP.
7. The method for estimating an inhalation dose conversion factor taking into account particle size distribution after an explosion event according to claim 6, wherein: the second inhalation dose conversion factor calculation formula in the step S3 is obtained by simulating an aerosol particle size ratio combustion experiment at different combustion temperatures.
8. A method of estimating an inhalation dose conversion factor taking into account particle size distribution after an explosion event as claimed in claim 1, wherein said method further comprises the steps of:
in the initial explosion stage, the method for estimating the inhaled dose of the emergency rescue workers comprises the following steps:
wherein E is inh1,j Is effective dose to be accumulated or equivalent dose to be accumulated of a certain organ or tissue caused by the radionuclide inhaled into the smoke plume when the smoke mass passes through;
b is the respiration rate of the person;
DCF inh1，j is the effective dose to be accumulated or the equivalent dose to be accumulated caused by inhaling the unit activity radionuclide j, namely a first inhaled dose conversion factor;
C aj (t) is the activity concentration of radionuclide j in the outdoor air at time t;
t is the duration of the initial explosion, typically 3min, i.e. 180s.
9. A method of estimating an inhalation dose conversion factor taking into account particle size distribution after an explosion event as claimed in claim 8, wherein said method further comprises the steps of:
in the second stage, the method for estimating the inhaled dose of the emergency rescue workers comprises the following steps:
wherein E is inh2，j Is effective dose to be accumulated or equivalent dose to be accumulated of a certain organ or tissue caused by the radionuclide inhaled into the smoke plume when the smoke mass passes through;
DCF inh2，j is the effective dose to be accumulated or the equivalent dose to be accumulated caused by inhaling the unit activity radionuclide j, namely a second inhaled dose conversion factor; t is the time that the puff stays outdoors as it passes.
10. A method of estimating an inhalation dose conversion factor taking into account particle size distribution after an explosion event as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the inhaled dose of the emergency personnel is the sum of the initial explosion dose and the second stage dose: e (E) inh,j ＝DCF inh1，j +DCF inh2，j 。
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