CN117147391B - Device and method for monitoring drug delivery drift - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring drug delivery drift Download PDFInfo
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- CN117147391B CN117147391B CN202311404511.5A CN202311404511A CN117147391B CN 117147391 B CN117147391 B CN 117147391B CN 202311404511 A CN202311404511 A CN 202311404511A CN 117147391 B CN117147391 B CN 117147391B
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for monitoring drug delivery drift, which belong to the technical field of intelligent detection and comprise the following steps: a drift measuring unit consisting of a plurality of hollow columnar receiving stages; two adjacent receiving stages are connected through an inlet and an outlet; the fog drop charging unit is arranged at the inlet of the first section receiving stage, and the air suction unit is arranged at the outlet of the tail section receiving stage; a collecting disc is arranged in each receiving stage and is connected with an electrometer for detecting the charge quantity of mist drops deposited on the collecting disc; the data processing unit determines the number of collected droplets according to the received charge amounts detected by the electrometers. The invention realizes the on-line real-time monitoring of the drift amount of the field aviation pesticide application fogdrops, obtains the drift amount distribution of fogdrops with different particle sizes based on the number of fogdrops, the particle sizes of fogdrops and the corresponding drift amount, and has shorter detection time and more intelligent detection compared with the existing pesticide application drift detection method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural pesticide application, in particular to a pesticide application drift monitoring device and method.
Background
The aircraft is limited by the effective load of the aircraft, the aviation pesticide application mode is adopted mostly, the pesticide application amount per mu of unit area is lower than 0.5L/mu, the size of the fog drops is required to be small enough, the coverage of enough fine fog drops to a prevention and control area is ensured, and the pest and disease control effect is ensured. However, during the application process, the fine mist drips can drift to non-target working areas under the influence of environmental crosswind and aircraft wake flow, so that pesticide loss and ecological environment pollution are caused. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the drift of the medicinal liquid droplets during the administration process. On one hand, by detecting drift, different application systems or operation conditions can be evaluated, and data support is provided for the research and development of the accurate application device and the operation environment monitoring; on the other hand, by determining the amount and distance of drift of the fine mist droplets, support can be provided for the placement of the application buffer.
At present, the pesticide drift detection mode mainly adopts a sampling mode, and mainly comprises two modes:
the first mode is to arrange water-sensitive paper in the field, obtain a dyed fog drop point image by scanning the water-sensitive paper, calculate the fog drop point number of the surface of the water-sensitive paper by using image processing software, but only fog drops larger than 50 microns can normally change color on the surface of the water-sensitive paper, and fine fog drops smaller than 50 microns cannot be identified.
The second mode is to use a fluorescent tracing method, namely arranging a polyethylene wire, a Mylar film, a test tube brush and other fog drop collecting devices in the field, adding a fluorescent tracer into the spray liquid, and determining the concentration of the tracer on the surface of the fog drop collecting device by using a fluorescent analyzer to determine the deposition amount of fog drops, wherein the size information of drifting fog drops cannot be known.
The drift detection methods need to be used for sample distribution and sampling in the field, and the samples are taken back to a laboratory for measurement after being collected, so that the time and the labor are consumed, the measurement period of the laboratory is long, the whole detection period is long, and the intelligent degree is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for monitoring drug delivery drift, which are used for solving the problems of time consumption, labor consumption, long whole detection period and low intelligent degree of a drift detection method in the prior art.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides an administration drift monitoring apparatus comprising: the device comprises a fog drop charging unit, a drift measuring unit, an air suction unit and a data processing unit;
the drift measuring unit consists of a plurality of hollow columnar receiving stages, and an inlet and an outlet are formed in each receiving stage according to a preset angle; the two adjacent receiving stages are connected through the inlet and the outlet;
the fog drop charging unit is arranged at the inlet of the first section receiving stage, and the air suction unit is arranged at the outlet of the tail section receiving stage; under the action of the air suction unit, air enters from the inlet of the first section receiving stage and is discharged from the outlet of the tail section receiving stage; the first receiving stage is the first receiving stage of all receiving stages, and the tail receiving stage is the last receiving stage of all receiving stages;
a collecting disc is arranged in each receiving stage opposite to the inlet, and is connected with an electrometer which is used for detecting the charge quantity of mist drops deposited on the collecting disc;
the electrometer is connected with the data processing unit, and the data processing unit determines the quantity of fog drops collected in each receiving stage according to the received charge quantity detected by each electrometer.
According to the device for monitoring the pesticide application drift, provided by the invention, a filter disc is arranged in each receiving stage and positioned in front of the collecting disc, and a plurality of through holes with consistent diameter sizes are formed in each filter disc;
and the diameter of the through hole gradually decreases from the first section receiving stage to the tail section receiving stage.
According to the device for monitoring the drift of the pesticide application provided by the invention, the diameter of the through hole on the filter disc in each receiving stage has the following relation with the particle size of the mist droplets expected to be collected:
；
wherein,stokes number as mist droplets flowing onto the filter tray; />Is the flow rate of air; />Is the diameter of the through hole on the filter disc; />Is the dynamic viscosity of air; />Is the firstnThe particle size of the fog drops flowing onto the filter disc in the stage receiving stage;
the particle size of the mist droplets collected by the flow through the filter disc is obtained based on wind tunnel test verification.
The invention provides a pesticide application drift monitoring device, which also comprises a wind direction indicating unit, wherein the wind direction indicating unit comprises a base, a rotating shaft, a wind vane rod and a tail wing;
the wind vane rod is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft far away from the base in a penetrating manner, the tail wing is arranged at one end of the wind vane rod, and the tail section receiving stage of the drift measuring unit is fixed at the other end of the wind vane rod;
the central axes of all receiving stages of the drift measuring unit, the central axis of the fogdrop charging unit, the central axis of the air suction unit, the extension surface of the tail wing and the axis of the rotating shaft are positioned in the same plane.
According to the device for monitoring the pesticide application drift provided by the invention, the following constraint conditions are satisfied among a first distance between the tail wing and the rotating shaft in the horizontal direction, the load mass of the rotating shaft, the area of the tail wing and a second distance between the center of mass of the drift measuring unit and the rotating shaft in the horizontal direction:
；
wherein,for the wind directionA damping ratio of the indication unit; />Is the air fluid density; />Is the first distance; />Is the second distance; />For the load mass; />Is the area of the tail wing; />Is constant.
According to the device for monitoring the pesticide application drift, the fog drop charging unit comprises a high-voltage electrostatic direct current generator, a receiving tube and an electrode ring;
the electrode ring is positioned at the air outlet side of the receiving pipe and is arranged at intervals with the receiving pipe;
the output end of the high-voltage electrostatic direct current generator is connected with the electrode ring;
the outer wall of the receiving tube is grounded.
According to the device for monitoring the drug delivery drift, the section of the pipe wall of the receiving pipe passing through the axis is in a blade wedge shape, and the pipe wall which is closer to the air inlet side is thinner.
According to the device for monitoring the drift of the application of the medicine provided by the invention, the distance between the air outlet side of the receiving tube and the electrode ring and the electric charge carried by the electrode ring meet the following constraint conditions:
；
wherein,an amount of charge carried by the electrode ring; />A charge voltage for the electrode ring;La distance between an air outlet side of the receiving tube and the electrode ring; />A semi-minor axis for the electrode ring; />Is a semi-major axis of the electrode ring;Kis constant (I)>Is the reference charge amount; epsilon is the dielectric constant of air.
According to the pesticide application drift monitoring device provided by the invention, two adjacent receiving stages are connected through a fog drop conveying pipeline;
the turning angle, the pipeline length and the pipeline diameter of each fog drop conveying pipeline meet the following constraint conditions:
；
wherein,is the flow rate of air; />Is an error coefficient; />The diameter of the mist conveying pipeline is the diameter of the mist conveying pipeline;L g the length of the fog drop conveying pipeline is equal to that of the fog drop conveying pipeline;θis the turning angle of the fog drop conveying pipeline.
According to the device for monitoring the drift of the pesticide application, the turning angle of the mist conveying pipeline is 90 degrees.
According to the device for monitoring the pesticide application drift, at least one surface of the collecting disc facing the fog drops is coated with conductive grease.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method of monitoring drift in administration, comprising:
acquiring the number of mist droplets collected in each receiving stage based on the dispensing drift monitoring device of any one of the above claims;
a droplet drift amount is determined based on the number of droplets collected in each receiving stage.
According to the method for monitoring the drift of the application of the pesticide, the drift amount of the fogdrops is determined based on the following formula:
;
;
;
wherein,a drift amount for the mist droplets; />Is the firstnCollecting the total charge of the mist droplets in the stage receiving stage; />Is the firstnCollecting the particle size of the fog drops in the stage receiving stage; />Is the dielectric constant of air; />Is the surface tension of fog drops; />Is the firstnCollecting the total number of droplets in the stage receiving stage; />The charge amount for each droplet.
According to the device and the method for monitoring the drift of the pesticide application in the field, the mist drops with certain size can be collected by the collecting disc in each receiving stage, the quantity of the mist drops in each receiving stage is obtained through statistics of the quantity of the electric charges, the drift quantity of the mist drops is determined through the quantity of the electric charges collected by each receiving stage and the particle size of the mist drops collected by the receiving stage, on-line real-time monitoring of the drift quantity of the mist drops applied in the field is achieved, meanwhile, the drift quantity distribution of the mist drops with different particle sizes is obtained based on the quantity of the mist drops, the particle sizes of the mist drops and the corresponding drift quantity, and compared with the existing pesticide application drift detection method, the detection time is shorter, and the detection is more intelligent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of an administration drift monitoring apparatus (external) provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of each receiving stage (inside) of the medication drift monitor apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a droplet charging unit in the device for monitoring drift in application according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the filter disc in different embodiments of the device for monitoring drift in application of drugs according to the present inventionStkA lower filtration efficiency schematic;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing interaction between an electrometer and an upper computer in the device for monitoring drift of drug delivery provided by the invention;
fig. 7 is a graph showing the size distribution of drifts of droplets monitored at different receiving stages of the device for monitoring drift of application provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that in the description of embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. The orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or elements in question must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The terms "first," "second," and the like in this application are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged, as appropriate, such that embodiments of the present application may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein, and that the objects identified by "first," "second," etc. are generally of a type and not limited to the number of objects, e.g., the first object may be one or more. In addition, "and/or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character "/", generally indicates that the associated object is an "or" relationship.
The embodiment of the invention provides a device for monitoring drug delivery drift, the specific structure of which is shown in figures 1-4, and the device comprises: the device comprises a fog drop charging unit, a drift measuring unit, an air sucking unit and a data processing unit.
The drift measuring unit is composed of a plurality of hollow columnar receiving stages 1, an inlet and an outlet are formed in each receiving stage 1 according to a preset angle, and two adjacent receiving stages 1 are connected through the inlet and the outlet. As shown in fig. 1 and 3, a schematic diagram of an administration drift monitoring apparatus having six receiving stages 1 is shown.
The fog drop charging unit is arranged at the inlet of the first section receiving stage 1, and the air suction unit is arranged at the outlet of the tail section receiving stage 1; under the action of the air suction unit, air enters from the inlet of the first section receiving stage 1 and is discharged from the outlet of the tail section receiving stage 1. The air sucking unit can be an air sucking pump 5, the air sucking pump 5 sucks ambient air, the ambient air flows in the pesticide application drift monitoring device according to a certain speed, fog drops in the atmosphere are sucked into the fog drop charging unit first, and when the fog drops pass through the fog drop charging unit, the fog drops are charged, and then enter the drift measuring unit to carry out charge measurement.
A collecting tray 2 is arranged in each receiving stage 1 opposite to the inlet, the collecting tray 2 is connected with an electrometer 3, and the electrometer 3 is used for detecting the charge quantity of mist drops deposited on the collecting tray 3.
The electrometer 3 is connected with the data processing unit, and the data processing unit determines the quantity of the mist droplets collected in each receiving stage 1 according to the received charge quantity of the mist droplets detected by each electrometer 3. As shown in fig. 6, the data processing unit may be a computer 12, the charge value measured by each electrometer 3 is wirelessly transmitted to the coordinator 11 through a wireless transmitter 31, the coordinator 11 transmits to the computer 12, and the computer 12 calculates the number of droplets of a specific size and the amount of droplet drift corresponding to each receiving stage 1 in real time.
When the whole device works, the direction of the fog drop charging unit is adjusted to enable the fog drop charging unit to be arranged facing the wind direction, so that the fog drops can enter along the axial direction of each receiving stage 1. Since the suction pump 5 is arranged at the outlet of the last receiving stage 1, the suction force of the receiving stage 1 lying further forward is smaller. After the fog drops are sucked into the first-stage receiving stage 1 along with the airflow, the airflow turns rapidly when approaching to an entrance and exit between the first stage and the second stage, but the fog drops with larger mass or larger than a certain particle size keep inertia, the movement direction is not changed, the fog drops are collected by the collecting tray 2 of the first-stage receiving stage 1, and the rest of the fog drops enter the second-stage receiving stage 1. According to the theory, the larger the suction force is, the faster the fog drop speed is, the larger the inertia force of the fog drops is, and the fog drops with larger particle size (large mass and large inertia) can fall into the collecting disc 2 of the receiving stage 1, and the smaller the particle size of the fog drops collected by the collecting disc 2 is in the receiving stage 1, so that the classified collection according to the particle size of the fog drops is realized. For each receiving stage 1, the electrometer 3 counts the charge amount of the collecting tray 2 in the receiving stage 1, and sends the charge amount of each receiving stage 1 to the data processing unit, the data processing unit determines the number of mist droplets collected in each receiving stage 1 based on the total charge amount of all mist droplets in the receiving stage 1 (namely, the charge amount collected by the collecting tray 2 in the receiving stage 1) and the charge amount of single mist droplets, and determines the drift amount of mist droplets based on the total charge amount of all mist droplets in the receiving stage 1 and the particle size of the mist droplets collected by the receiving stage 1, and the size distribution of the drift mist droplets can be obtained based on the drift amounts of mist droplets with different particle sizes. For each receiving stage 1, the number of droplets and the amount of droplet drift can be determined as follows:
;
;
;
wherein,a drift amount (μl) for the mist droplets; />Is the firstnThe total charge (C) of the collected droplets in the stage receiving stage can be measured by the electrometer 3; />Is the firstnCollecting the particle size (μm) of the mist droplets in the stage receiving stage; />Is the dielectric constant of air; />The surface tension (mN/m) of the mist drops can be obtained by measuring the mist in advance; />Is the firstnCollecting the total number of droplets in the stage receiving stage; />The charge amount (C) for each droplet.
Wherein,the method can be obtained based on wind tunnel test verification, specifically, trace particle drift measurement experiments are carried out in wind tunnels, fog drops captured by the collecting discs 2 of each receiving stage 1 are measured by utilizing a microscope under the irradiation of ultraviolet lamplight, and the particle size of the fog drops collected by each receiving stage 1 is verified>Wherein->The average value of the particle sizes of all the mist drops of the collecting tray 2 in each receiving stage 1 can be adopted, or dv.5 is adopted, namely, all the mist drops of the collecting tray 2 are sequentially accumulated from small to large according to the volume size, and when the accumulated value is equal to 50% of the total volume of all the mist drops, the particle sizes of the mist drops corresponding to the accumulated value are adopted.
Wherein,represent the firstnThe stage receives the particle size of the collected mist droplets of stage 1. It should be noted that: because the airflow inlet of the pesticide application drift monitoring device is relatively small, the wind speed relative to the air suction pump is negligible, and the wind tunnel wind speed is mainly set to generate the power of the fogdrop drift.
The structure of the pesticide application drift monitoring device can realize that each receiving stage 1 can collect mist drops with certain size through the collecting disc 2, the mist drop quantity of each receiving stage 1 is obtained through statistics of electric charge quantity, the mist drop drift quantity is determined through the electric charge quantity collected by each receiving stage 1 and the particle size of the mist drops collected by the receiving stage 1, on-line real-time monitoring of the field aviation pesticide application mist drop drift quantity is realized, meanwhile, drift quantity distribution of mist drops with different particle sizes is obtained based on the mist drop quantity, the mist drop particle size and corresponding drift quantity, compared with the existing pesticide application drift detection method, the detection time is shorter, and the detection is more intelligent.
In some embodiments, a filter disc 4 is disposed in each receiving stage 1 in front of the collecting disc 2, and a plurality of through holes with uniform diameter sizes are formed in each filter disc 4. The diameter of the through hole gradually decreases from the first section receiving stage 1 to the last section receiving stage 1. Because the smaller the particle size of the fog drops (the smaller the mass, the smaller the inertia) is, in order to avoid that the fog drops in the following receiving stage 1 are mostly or even completely sucked into the next receiving stage 1 due to the small inertia, a filter disc 4 is additionally arranged in front of the collecting disc 2 of each receiving stage 1, the apertures of each stage in the filter disc 4 are gradually reduced, and the filter disc 4 is additionally arranged, so that the fog drop speed is faster and faster, the inertia force of the fog drops is also gradually increased, and the fog drops with slightly larger particle size can be ensured to be sucked into the next receiving stage 1 due to the inertia of the fog drops with smaller particle size falling into the collecting disc 2 of the receiving stage 1, thus the fog drops can be classified better according to the particle size.
Specifically, the diameter of the through holes in the filter disc 4 in each of the receiving stages 1 has the following relationship with the particle size of the mist droplets desired to be collected:
wherein,stokes number as mist droplets flowing onto the filter tray 4; />Is the flow rate (m/s) of air; />Diameter (μm) of the through hole on the filter disc 4; />Is the dynamic viscosity (m 2 /s）；/>Is the firstnFlow to the stage receiving stageParticle diameter (μm) of mist droplets on the filter disk 4. Stokes numberStkIs a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of the characteristic time of a particle to the characteristic time of a flow or obstruction. Based on inertial collision mechanism (assuming that particles are mass particles with no volume, the particles move along the original movement direction and collide with the filter unit to be collected by the collecting plate when the air flow passes through the filter unit because the mass of the particles is large and does not change along with the change of the air flow line. In this process, inertial collisions are more pronounced for large particle size particles and weaker for small particle size particles. Stokes numbers are often used to describe the strength of the inertial collision effect, as can be seen from FIG. 5,/>The value is more than 1.1, the filtering efficiency of the filter disc 4 is highest and can reach more than 95 percent, namely more than 95 percent of fog drops with corresponding particle diameters can pass through the filter disc 4, < >>The value can be 1.1-1.5. The particle size of the mist droplets collected by the filter disc is obtained based on wind tunnel test verification, and under the condition that the air quantity of the air pump 5 is fixed, the air speed at each receiving stage 1 can be measured based on +.>The relation between the particle size of the mist droplets collected by each receiving stage 1 and the diameter of the through holes on the filter disc 4 can be determined in the range of values, and support is provided for the setting of the diameter of the through holes on the filter disc 4.
In some embodiments, the medication drift monitoring device further comprises a wind direction indication unit comprising: base 6, axis of rotation 7, fan pole 8 and fin 9.
The rotation shaft 7 is vertically arranged on the base 6, the wind vane rod 9 penetrates through one end, away from the base 6, of the rotation shaft 7, the tail wing 9 is arranged at one end of the wind vane rod 9, and the tail section receiving stage 1 of the drift measuring unit is fixed at the other end of the wind vane rod 9.
The central axes of all receiving stages 1 of the drift measuring unit, the central axis of the fogdrop charging unit, the central axis of the air suction unit, the extension surface of the tail wing 9 and the axis of the rotating shaft 7 are positioned in the same plane.
In this embodiment, the windward area of the head of the vane post 8 is small, the windward area of the tail 9 is relatively large, and the wind pressure perpendicular to the tail 9 generates wind pressure moment due to inconsistent wind pressure, so that the whole device rotates around the rotation shaft 7 until the direction of the tail 9 is consistent with the ambient wind direction, and the vane post 8 is stable in a certain direction due to balanced stress on both sides of the tail 9, so that the inlet of the droplet charging unit faces the windward direction (namely, the inlet of the droplet charging unit is opposite to the direction indicated by the vane), namely, the drifting direction of the droplet is opposite to the manually adjusting direction, and the inlet direction of the droplet charging unit is not required to be manually adjusted, and is more accurate than the manually adjusting direction.
In some embodiments, to increase the sensitivity of the wind direction indication unit, the wind vane damping ratioηIs set to be between 0.4 and 0.7, and the first distance between the tail 9 and the rotating shaft 7 in the horizontal direction, the load mass of the rotating shaft 7, the area of the tail 9 and the second distance between the center of mass of the drift measuring unit and the rotating shaft 7 in the horizontal direction meet the following constraint conditions:
；
wherein,a damping ratio for the wind direction indicating unit; />Is air fluid density (kg/m) 3 ）；/>Is the first distance (mm); />For said second distance (mm)；/>For the area (mm) of the tail 2 ）；/>Is constant and is related to the shape of the tail, e.g. the shape of the tail is quadrilateral or nearly quadrilateral, +.>The value is 1.6; />As the load mass (g) of the rotating shaft 7, the load mass of the rotating shaft 7 includes the masses of the vane lever 8, the tail 9, the droplet charging unit, the drift measuring unit, and the air suction unit carried on the rotating shaft 7. In order to reduce the load mass and improve the wind direction indication sensitivity, the shell of the whole pesticide application drift monitoring device can be made of carbon fiber materials.
As shown in fig. 4, the droplet charging unit includes a high voltage electrostatic direct current generator (not shown), a receiving tube 9, and an electrode ring 10, and the electrode ring 10 may be elliptical. The electrode ring 10 is located on the air outlet side of the receiving tube 9 and is spaced apart from the receiving tube 9. The output end of the high-voltage electrostatic direct current generator is connected with the electrode ring 10 so as to enable the electrode ring 10 to be electrified, and the outer wall of the receiving tube 9 is grounded. The fog drop charging unit has a simple integral structure and is easy to realize. Specifically, the mist charging unit charges mist as follows:
the fog drops are sucked by the suction unit and enter the fog drop charging unit, pass through the receiving tube 9 and the electrode ring 10 in sequence, according to the electrostatic induction theory, after the fog drops pass through the electrode ring 10, negative charges in the fog drops move to one end far away from the electrode ring 10 under the repulsive interaction of the electrodes of the electrode ring 10, and are led into the ground through the grounded receiving tube 9, and the fog drops are positively charged due to the loss of negative charges. The charge carried by the single droplet is:q=4πεσd；εthe dielectric constant of air, typically 1.00053,σthe surface tension of the mist drops can be obtained by measuring the spraying liquid in advance,dto drift fogParticle size of the droplets.
In some embodiments, the wall of the receiving tube 9 is wedge-shaped in cross-section through the axis, with the wall being thinner nearer the air inlet side. The wedge-shaped pipe wall of the cutting edge can reduce the interference to the air flow, reduce the probability that the fog drops strike the pipe wall section, prevent to change the distribution of the fog drop particle diameter entering into the chemical application drift monitoring device, and enable the final monitoring result to be more accurate.
In some embodiments, the distance between the air outlet of the receiving tube 9 and the electrode ring 10LIs a key parameter affecting the charge quantity of the mist droplets, and the distance from the air outlet side of the receiving tube 9 to the electrode ring 10 is set to ensure that all mist droplets can be chargedLThe following constraints are satisfied with the amount of charge carried by the electrode ring 10:
；
wherein,an amount of charge (C) carried by the electrode ring 10; />A charge voltage (kV) for the electrode ring 10;Ldistance (mm) between the air outlet side of the receiving tube 9 and the electrode ring 10; />Is the semi-minor axis (mm) of the electrode ring 10; />Is the semi-major axis (mm) of the electrode ring 10;Kthe value is constant and can be measured by a preliminary test, and the value range is 0.68-1.49; />Is the reference charge amount (C); epsilon is the dielectric constant of air. Wherein the charging voltage of the electrode ring 10UShould be less than 12kV, prevent corona generation, and reduce charge effect。
In some embodiments, two adjacent receiving stages 1 are connected by a droplet delivery pipe, and in order to collect droplets of a certain size in each receiving stage 1, the following constraints are satisfied among the turning angle, the pipe length and the pipe diameter of each droplet delivery pipe:
；
wherein,is the flow rate (m/s) of air; />As an error coefficient, by checking; />Diameter (mm) of the droplet delivery conduit;L g length (mm) of the droplet delivery conduit;θis the turning angle of the fog drop conveying pipeline.
The turning angle of the fog drop conveying pipeline is not easy to be overlarge, preferably 90 degrees, when the turning angle is designed to be 90 degrees, the collecting efficiency of fog drops is highest, when the turning angle is overlarge (larger than 90 degrees), the deflection degree of air flow in a channel is reduced, the centrifugal force to which the fog drops are subjected is reduced, so that part of large-size fog drops flow to the next stage along with the air flow, and the quantity of the fog drops which should be collected in the stage is reduced, so that the measuring error is caused. As can also be seen from fig. 5, in the case of the filter disc 4, when the turning angle is 90 °, the filtering efficiency of the filter disc 4, i.e., the collecting efficiency of mist droplets, is highest.
In some embodiments, the collecting tray 2 may be made of polycarbonate with smooth material, at least one surface of the collecting tray 2 facing the mist drops is coated with conductive grease, and the conductive grease is used for preventing the mist drops from bouncing, breaking and other actions unfavorable to target on the surface of the collecting tray, so that the mist drops entering the receiving stage 1 can target, namely, fall on the collecting tray 2 perfectly, the charge amount obtained by the electrometer 3 is more accurate, the quantity of finally collected mist drops is more accurate, and the drift amount obtained by monitoring is more accurate.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the following description is made in connection with a droplet drift monitoring device having six receiving stages 1. Drift test experiments are carried out in the wind tunnel, and the device is used for monitoring the drift amount and the size distribution of the drifts. The nozzle used in the test is ST11003 nozzle, the spraying flow is set to be 0.6L/min, the wind speed of the wind tunnel is set to be 1m/s, the air quantity of the air pump is set to be 80L/min, the drift monitoring device is arranged at the position of 6m of the downwind direction, and the sampling time is 30 seconds.
As shown in table 1 and fig. 7, it is clear from fig. 7 that the different receiving stages of the device realize the monitoring of the particle size distribution and the drift amount of the drifted mist droplets, the monitoring particle size range is 0.5 μm-14 μm, wherein the first receiving stage 1 monitors the particle size of the mist droplets to be 14 μm, the sixth receiving stage 1 monitors the particle size of the mist droplets to be 0.5 μm, the monitored particle size is the largest of the mist droplets with the particle size of 8 μm, accounting for 30% of the volume distribution of the drifted mist droplets, namely, the proportion of the mist droplets with the particle size of 8 μm in all the drifted mist droplets is about 30%, which means that the proportion of the mist droplets with the diameter of less than 10 μm should be reduced by adjusting the spraying pressure or changing the spray nozzle under the spraying condition. The broken line represents the cumulative volume distribution of droplets of each particle size. The drift amount of the fog drop corresponding to each stage can be measured, and the measured total drift amount of the fog drop is 1697035.078 multiplied by 10 -9 μL。
TABLE 1 drift data for different reception stage monitoring
The invention also provides a method for monitoring the pesticide application drift, which is realized based on the device for monitoring the pesticide application drift and comprises the following steps:
by means of the described drift monitoring device the number of droplets collected in each receiving stage is obtained, in particular as shown in fig. 6, the method can be performed by means of the computer 12.
A droplet drift amount is determined based on the number of droplets collected in each receiving stage.
Specifically, the mist drift amount is determined based on the following formula:
;
;
;
wherein,a drift amount for the mist droplets; />Is the firstnCollecting the total charge of the mist droplets in the stage receiving stage; />Is the firstnCollecting the particle size of the fog drops in the stage receiving stage; />Is the dielectric constant of air; />Is the surface tension of fog drops; />Is the firstnCollecting the total number of droplets in the stage receiving stage; />For the charge quantity per droplet, wherein +.>And the test result can be obtained based on wind tunnel test verification.
The method is realized based on the pesticide application drift monitoring device, so that the technical effect corresponding to the pesticide application drift monitoring device can be achieved, namely, the on-line real-time monitoring of the field aviation pesticide application droplet drift amount is realized, meanwhile, the drift amount distribution of the droplets with different particle sizes is obtained based on the droplet number, droplet particle size and corresponding drift amount, and compared with the existing pesticide application drift detection method, the detection time is shorter, and the detection is more intelligent.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An administration drift monitoring device, comprising: the device comprises a fog drop charging unit, a drift measuring unit, an air suction unit and a data processing unit;
the drift measuring unit consists of a plurality of hollow columnar receiving stages, and an inlet and an outlet are formed in each receiving stage according to a preset angle; the two adjacent receiving stages are connected through the inlet and the outlet;
the fog drop charging unit is arranged at the inlet of the first section receiving stage, and the air suction unit is arranged at the outlet of the tail section receiving stage; under the action of the air suction unit, air enters from the inlet of the first section receiving stage and is discharged from the outlet of the tail section receiving stage;
a collecting disc is arranged in each receiving stage opposite to the inlet, and is connected with an electrometer which is used for detecting the charge quantity of mist drops deposited on the collecting disc;
the data processing unit determines the quantity of fog drops collected in each receiving stage according to the received charge quantity detected by each electrometer;
the fog drop charging unit comprises a high-voltage electrostatic direct current generator, a receiving tube and an electrode ring;
the electrode ring is positioned at the air outlet side of the receiving pipe and is arranged at intervals with the receiving pipe;
the output end of the high-voltage electrostatic direct current generator is connected with the electrode ring;
the outer wall of the receiving tube is grounded;
the distance between the air outlet side of the receiving tube and the electrode ring and the amount of charge carried by the electrode ring satisfy the following constraint:
；
wherein,an amount of charge carried by the electrode ring; />A charge voltage for the electrode ring;La distance between an air outlet side of the receiving tube and the electrode ring; />A semi-minor axis for the electrode ring; />Is a semi-major axis of the electrode ring;Kis constant (I)>Is the reference charge amount; epsilon is the dielectric constant of air;
a filter disc is arranged in each receiving stage and positioned in front of the collecting disc, and a plurality of through holes with consistent diameter sizes are formed in each filter disc;
the diameter of the through hole is gradually reduced from the first section receiving stage to the tail section receiving stage;
the diameter of the through holes on the filter discs in each receiving stage has the following relation with the particle size of the mist droplets which are expected to be collected:
；
wherein,stokes number as mist droplets flowing onto the filter tray; />Is the flow rate of air; />Is the diameter of the through hole on the filter disc; />Is the dynamic viscosity of air; />Is->The particle size of the fog drops flowing onto the filter disc in the stage receiving stage;
the particle size of the mist droplets collected by the flow through the filter disc is obtained based on wind tunnel test verification.
2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a wind direction indicator unit comprising a base, a rotating shaft, a vane post, and a tail;
the wind vane rod is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft far away from the base in a penetrating manner, the tail wing is arranged at one end of the wind vane rod, and the tail section receiving stage of the drift measuring unit is fixed at the other end of the wind vane rod;
the central axes of all receiving stages of the drift measuring unit, the central axis of the fogdrop charging unit, the central axis of the air suction unit, the extension surface of the tail wing and the axis of the rotating shaft are positioned in the same plane.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein a first distance in a horizontal direction between the tail and the axis of rotation, a load mass of the axis of rotation, an area of the tail, and a second distance in a horizontal direction between a centroid of the drift measurement unit and the axis of rotation satisfy the following constraints:
；
wherein,a damping ratio for the wind direction indicating unit; />Is the air fluid density; />Is the first distance;is the second distance; />For the load mass; />Is the area of the tail wing; />Is constant.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the tube wall of the receiving tube through the axis is in the form of a knife-edge wedge, the wall being thinner nearer the air inlet side.
5. The device of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein two adjacent receiving stages are connected by a droplet delivery conduit;
the turning angle, the pipeline length and the pipeline diameter of each fog drop conveying pipeline meet the following constraint conditions:
；
wherein,is the flow rate of air; />Is an error coefficient; />The diameter of the mist conveying pipeline is the diameter of the mist conveying pipeline;L g the length of the fog drop conveying pipeline is equal to that of the fog drop conveying pipeline;θis the turning angle of the fog drop conveying pipeline.
6. The device of claim 5, wherein the mist delivery conduit turns at 90 °.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein at least one side of the collection tray facing the droplets is coated with a conductive grease.
8. A method of monitoring drift in administration comprising:
acquiring the number of mist droplets collected in each receiving stage based on the dosing drift monitoring device of any one of claims 1-7;
a droplet drift amount is determined based on the number of droplets collected in each receiving stage.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the amount of droplet drift is determined based on the following equation:
;
;
;
wherein,a drift amount for the mist droplets; />Is the firstnCollecting the total charge of the mist droplets in the stage receiving stage; />Is the firstnCollecting the particle size of the fog drops in the stage receiving stage; />Is the dielectric constant of air; />Is the surface of fog dropTension; />Is the firstnCollecting the total number of droplets in the stage receiving stage; />The charge amount for each droplet.
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