CN117143427A - 一种分子筛-茶树精油抑菌水凝胶、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种分子筛-茶树精油抑菌水凝胶、制备方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN117143427A
CN117143427A CN202311171949.3A CN202311171949A CN117143427A CN 117143427 A CN117143427 A CN 117143427A CN 202311171949 A CN202311171949 A CN 202311171949A CN 117143427 A CN117143427 A CN 117143427A
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essential oil
molecular sieve
tea tree
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易封萍
刘妍菲
薛招腾
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种分子筛‑茶树精油水凝胶、制备方法及其应用。本发明的分子筛‑茶树精油水凝胶具有不规则多孔海绵状结构，其制备方法为：先将MCM‑41分子筛包埋茶树精油；再用壳聚糖、明胶和聚乙烯醇作水凝胶基质，加入已包埋茶树精油的MCM‑41分子筛，混合均匀，通过冻融循环方法形成分子筛‑茶树精油水凝胶。该方法制备的水凝胶膨胀性能和抑菌性能好，在实际应用中，能大大吸收伤口血液和组织液，保证伤口干燥的同时，快速杀灭伤口细菌。本发明巧妙利用分子筛包埋茶树精油，选用无毒无害的水凝胶基质，利用物理交联方法合成水凝胶，制备方法简单，克服了植物精油易挥发、水凝胶基质生物相容性低、水凝胶抑菌功效欠缺的技术缺陷。

Description

一种分子筛-茶树精油抑菌水凝胶、制备方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种分子筛-茶树精油抑菌水凝胶、制备方法及其应用，属于功能性水凝胶材料技术领域。
背景技术
近年来，水凝胶因其优良的理化性质越来越多的应用于伤口止血和愈合。现有水凝胶大部分引入引发剂和交联剂并通过化学交联方法得到稳固的水凝胶三维网络结构。但是，引发剂和交联剂的存在和反应残留往往会降低水凝胶的生物相容性。并且，水凝胶本身是不具有抑菌功效的，无法清除伤口表面的细菌使得伤口快速愈合。所以，如何保证水凝胶安全无毒并具有抑菌功效是扩大水凝胶应用范围的关键。
植物精油(EOs)具有优异的抑菌功效广泛受到研究人员的关注。植物精油是从植物不同部位提取得到的具有高浓缩特点的芳香混合物。精油会因芳香化合物的种类和含量的不同表现出不同的生物功效。但与此同时，精油易挥发、不稳定的特点也是需要关注的。为了克服此缺点，不少专利提出不同的包埋精油方法和材料，如专利CN202310326327.7公开了一种利用包和剂(环糊精、甲基环糊精或羟丙基环糊精)和乳化剂(泊洛沙姆、PPG-13-癸基十四烷醇聚醚-24和二(月桂酰胺谷氨酰胺)赖氨酸钠)包埋精油的方法、专利CN201910035992.4公开了一种β-环糊精和玉米醇溶蛋白(或小麦醇溶蛋白)形成双层壁材包埋精油的方法。
分子筛是一类具有规则有序孔道结构的硅铝酸盐晶体，因其良好的物化性质和高的孔隙率和比表面积常用于封装。但是目前关于利用分子筛包埋精油制备水凝胶的相关报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明旨在提供一种具有无毒、高抑菌功效和良好生物相容性特点的分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶、制备方法及其应用；本发明以聚乙烯醇、明胶、壳聚糖和被分子筛包埋的茶树精油为原料，通过物理交联的简单方法合成高抑菌性水凝胶。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取了以下技术方案：
本发明的第一方面，提供一种分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶，所述水凝胶是以聚乙烯醇、明胶、壳聚糖和已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛为原料通过物理交联的方法制备而成，其具有不规则多孔海绵状结构。
优选地，所述聚乙烯醇、明胶与壳聚糖溶解后构成水凝胶基质；所述水凝胶基质中聚乙烯醇、明胶和壳聚糖的质量比为0.2：0.2：0.08；所述水凝胶基质与已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛的体积质量比为12mL：0～0.18g。
本发明的第二方面，提供本发明第一方面所述的分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶的制备方法，包括：先取MCM-41分子筛包埋茶树精油，再将聚乙烯醇、明胶、壳聚糖溶解后和已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛混合均匀，经过冻融循环，即获得分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶。
优选地，所述已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛的制备过程具体为：
将茶树精油溶于无水乙醇中，加入MCM-41分子筛，搅拌得到乳白色悬浊液，之后离心，得到已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛。
更优选地，所述茶树精油和乙醇的体积比为1：10，所述茶树精油与MCM-41分子筛的体积质量比为1mL：0.3g；所述搅拌的温度为20～30℃，速度为200～400rpm，时间为4～8h。
优选地，所述分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶的制备过程具体为：
分别将聚乙烯醇和明胶溶解于去离子水中得到聚乙烯醇溶液和明胶溶液，将壳聚糖溶解于乙酸溶液中得到壳聚糖溶液；之后将聚乙烯醇溶液、明胶溶液、壳聚糖溶液和已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛搅拌混合均匀，倒入模具；放置在-20℃环境中冷冻20h，再放置在室温环境下解冻4h，冻融循环多次；最后用去离子水清洗水凝胶表面残留的酸性物质，得到分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶。
更优选地，所述聚乙烯醇溶液和明胶溶液的浓度分别为0.05g/mL；所述乙酸溶液的质量浓度为1wt％，所述壳聚糖溶液的浓度为0.02g/mL；所述聚乙烯醇溶液、明胶溶液与壳聚糖溶液构成水凝胶基质，所述水凝胶基质与已包埋茶树精油的分子筛的体积质量比为12mL：0～0.18g；所述搅拌的温度为20～30℃，搅拌速度为200～400rpm，时间为1～3h。
本发明的第三方面，提供本发明第一方面所述的分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶在制备抑菌产品、伤口止血产品和伤口愈合产品中的应用。
优选地，所述抑菌产品包括抑制大肠杆菌和/或抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的产品。
本发明利用分子筛封装精油，再将其添加入无毒无害的水凝胶基质中，通过简单的物理交联方式制备成水凝胶，本发明制备的水凝胶不但能解决合成水凝胶常用原料的生物毒性和精油强挥发性的问题，而且具有优越的抑菌功效；这对伤口敷料领域具有十分重要的意义。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明提供的水凝胶，巧妙利用分子筛封装茶树精油，与明胶、壳聚糖和聚乙烯醇交联的同时，使该水凝胶具有对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌优越的抑菌功效，其中，对大肠杆菌的抑制效果超过阳性对照对大肠杆菌的抑制效果；
(2)本发明提供的水凝胶在制备的过程中，通过改变添加分子筛的量，可以间接改变添加茶树精油的含量，从而改变水凝胶的交联密度和抑菌性；
(3)本发明提供的水凝胶的原料无毒无害，利用简单的物理交联方法合成，且合成步骤简单易行，便于生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的分子筛-茶树精油抑菌水凝胶的扫描电镜图；
图2为本发明制备的分子筛-茶树精油抑菌水凝胶的傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱图；
图3为本发明制备的分子筛-茶树精油抑菌水凝胶的膨胀性能图；
图4为本发明制备的分子筛-茶树精油抑菌水凝胶的溶解性能图；
图5为本发明制备的分子筛-茶树精油抑菌水凝胶的抑菌效果图；
图6为本发明制备的分子筛-茶树精油抑菌水凝胶的细胞毒性结果图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂，兹以优选实施例，并配合附图作详细说明如下。
以下各实施例中，若无特别说明，则表明所采用的试剂均为常规市售商品。
实施例1
制备水凝胶(不含茶树精油)
将0.2g的明胶和0.2g的聚乙烯醇分别溶解于4mL去离子水中，将0.08g壳聚糖溶解于4mL 1％乙酸溶液中。然后将4mL明胶溶液、4mL聚乙烯醇溶液、4mL壳聚糖溶液混合，20℃搅拌2h(300rpm)。之后倒入模具中，放置在-20℃环境中冷冻20h，再放置在室温环境下解冻4h，冻融循环四次。最后用去离子水清洗水凝胶表面残留的酸性物质，得到水凝胶，标记为Hydrogel(1)。
实施例2
制备分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶
将1mL的茶树精油溶解于10mL的无水乙醇中，加入0.3g MCM-41分子筛，20℃搅拌6h(300rpm)，之后离心，在常温环境下干燥24h即得到已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛。
将0.2g的明胶和0.2g的聚乙烯醇分别溶解于4mL去离子水中，将0.08g壳聚糖溶解于4mL 1％乙酸溶液中。然后将4mL明胶溶液、4mL聚乙烯醇溶液、4mL壳聚糖溶液与0.06g已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛混合，20℃搅拌2h(300rpm)。之后倒入模具中，放置在-20℃环境中冷冻20h，再放置在室温环境下解冻4h，冻融循环四次。最后用去离子水清洗水凝胶表面残留的酸性物质，得到分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶，标记为Hydrogel(2)。
实施例3
制备分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶
将1mL的茶树精油溶解于10mL的无水乙醇中，加入0.3g MCM-41分子筛，20℃搅拌6h(300rpm)，之后离心，在常温环境下干燥24h即得到已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛。
将0.2g的明胶和0.2g的聚乙烯醇分别溶解于4mL去离子水中，将0.08g壳聚糖溶解于4mL 1％乙酸溶液中。然后将4mL明胶溶液、4mL聚乙烯醇溶液、4mL壳聚糖溶液与0.12g已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛混合，20℃搅拌2h(300rpm)。之后倒入模具中，放置在-20℃环境中冷冻20h，再放置在室温环境下解冻4h，冻融循环四次。最后用去离子水清洗水凝胶表面残留的酸性物质，得到分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶，标记为Hydrogel(3)。
实施例4
制备分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶
将1mL的茶树精油溶解于10mL的无水乙醇中，加入0.3g MCM-41分子筛，20℃搅拌6h(300rpm)，之后离心，在常温环境下干燥24h即得到已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛。
将0.2g的明胶和0.2g的聚乙烯醇分别溶解于4mL去离子水中，将0.08g壳聚糖溶解于4mL 1％乙酸溶液中。然后将4mL明胶溶液、4mL聚乙烯醇溶液、4mL壳聚糖溶液与0.18g已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛混合，20℃搅拌2h(300rpm)。之后倒入模具中，放置在-20℃环境中冷冻20h，再放置在室温环境下解冻4h，冻融循环四次。最后用去离子水清洗水凝胶表面残留的酸性物质，得到分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶，标记为Hydrogel(4)。
实施例5
形貌表征
将实施例4制备得到的水凝胶进行形貌表征：将制备得到的水凝胶充分溶胀后快速浸没在液氮中，并冻干24h。喷金处理，用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其截面微观结构，如图1所示。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示：明胶、聚乙烯醇和壳聚糖成功交联，形成不规则的多孔结构，使水凝胶具有透气性和吸水性。
实施例6
结构表征
将实施例1-4制备得到的水凝胶进行内部微观交联分析：将制备得到的水凝胶充分溶胀后快速浸没在液氮中，并冻干24h。用傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱法(ATR-FTIR)检测水凝胶内部交联与茶树精油封装情况。
傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱法(ATR-FTIR)结果显示：因茶树精油萜烯类化合物C＝C的存在，在1760cm-1到1550cm-1范围内出现了弱吸收峰；1454cm-1和1367cm-1处的强峰对应芳香化合物常具有的C＝C和-C H2-、-C H3。在1400cm-1和1030cm-1处的C-O、C-N拉伸振动峰表明PVA、明胶和壳聚糖的存在；PVA、明胶和壳聚糖在3600cm-1至3050cm-1处也表现出-O H和C-H的拉伸振动峰以及N-H的不对称振动峰，且该峰较宽且不尖锐，说明PVA、明胶和壳聚糖通过分子内和分子间氢键相连。
实施例7
膨胀和溶解能力表征
对实施例1-4制备得到水凝胶的膨胀和溶解能力进行评价：切取10-20mg已冻干水凝胶加入2mL PBS，在37℃环境下吸水膨胀24h，记录膨胀前后水凝胶质量，计算膨胀率：膨胀率(％)＝(m膨胀后-m膨胀前)/m膨胀前×100％；切取10-20mg已冻干水凝胶加入2mL PBS，在37℃环境下吸水溶解7天，记录溶解前后水凝胶质量，计算溶解率：溶解率(％)＝(m溶解前-m溶解后)/m溶解前×100％。结果如图3、4所示，从图3、4可以看出，已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛为水凝胶带来了更好的膨胀性和稳定性；随着加入已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛质量的增加，水凝胶稳定性增强，溶解率降低，且水凝胶孔隙率增加，使得膨胀率上升。
实施例8
抑菌性能表征
对实施例1-4制备得到水凝胶的体外抑菌能力进行评价：在48孔板每个孔中加入300μL水凝胶原料冻融制成直径为1cm的圆柱形水凝胶，配置浓度为108CFU/mL的大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)菌液，将水凝胶放置在涂布了菌液的培养基上培养，0.25mg/mL的阿莫西林溶液做阳性对照，观察抑菌圈大小；在上述含有Hydrogel(1)和Hydrogel(2)水凝胶的48孔板的每个孔中加入500μL 104CFU/mL的大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌菌液，37℃培养5分钟后吸取孔内50μL菌液涂平板培养，观察抑菌效果，计菌落数，计算抑菌率。抑菌圈大小如表1所示，抑菌效果如图5所示。结果表明，本发明制备的水凝胶具有极佳的抑菌功效，实施例4制备的水凝胶对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果(16.77±0.90)超过阳性对照对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果(15.79±0.55)；与未添加分子筛的水凝胶相比，已包埋茶树精油的分子筛的加入一方面增强了水凝胶的抑菌功效，另一方面可通过改变添加分子筛的量改变和控制水凝胶的抑菌效果。
表1
实施例9
生物相容性表征
对实施例1-4制备得到水凝胶的细胞毒性进行评价：根据GB/T16886.5-2017，用MTT法进行细胞毒性测试。用含有10％FBS的MEM培养液浸提水凝胶24h，所得浸提液立即用于1×105个/mL L-929细胞的培养。经过24h 37℃培养后，测定570nm处的OD值，计算细胞存活率：细胞存活率(％)＝OD样品/OD空白×100％。结果如图6所示：实施例1-4制备得到的水凝胶浸提液对L-929细胞未显示潜在的细胞毒性，说明与未加分子筛-茶树精油的水凝胶相比，分子筛-茶树精油的加入在为水凝胶带来优异抑菌效果的同时不会对水凝胶基质的生物相容性产生较大影响，分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶可为抑菌及伤口敷料领域提供新思路。
对比例1
制备水凝胶(不含茶树精油)，制备方法同实施例1，只是将冻融循环改为1-3次，所得的产品物理交联不彻底，不成形。
对比例2
制备分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶，制备方法同实施例3，不同的是将冻融循环改为1-3次，所得的产品物理交联不彻底，不成形。
对比例3
制备分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶同实施例3，不同的是将包埋茶树精油的分子筛换成ZSM-5分子筛，所得产品因ZSM-5孔径小包埋率低，导致抑菌效果差。
对比例4
制备分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶，制备方法同实施例2，不同的是将4mL明胶溶液、4mL聚乙烯醇溶液与4mL壳聚糖溶液改为3mL明胶溶液、3mL聚乙烯醇溶液与6mL壳聚糖溶液，即该对比例中具体是将0.15g的明胶和0.15g的聚乙烯醇分别溶解于3mL去离子水中，将0.12g壳聚糖溶解于6mL 1％乙酸溶液中。然后将3mL明胶溶液、3mL聚乙烯醇溶液、6mL壳聚糖溶液与0.06g已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛混合(其余操作同实施例2)，所得产品物理交联不彻底，不成形。
对比例5
制备分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶，制备方法同实施例2，不同的是将4mL明胶溶液、4mL聚乙烯醇溶液与4mL壳聚糖溶液改为4.8mL明胶溶液、4.8mL聚乙烯醇溶液与2.4mL壳聚糖溶液，即该对比例中具体是将0.24g的明胶和0.24g的聚乙烯醇分别溶解于4.8mL去离子水中，将0.048g壳聚糖溶解于2.4mL 1％乙酸溶液中，然后将4.8mL明胶溶液、4.8mL聚乙烯醇溶液、2.4mL壳聚糖溶液与0.06g已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛混合(其余操作同实施例2)，所得产品抑菌效果差。
结合上述实施例1-4和对比例1-2说明，合成水凝胶时，需进行至少四次的冻融循环，多次的冻融循环过程是成功交联合成水凝胶的关键；
结合上述实施例1-4和对比例3说明，分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶合成过程中，MCM-41分子筛的选择是使合成的水凝胶具有优异抑菌功效的关键；
结合上述实施例1-4和对比例4-5说明，合成水凝胶时，需精准控制明胶溶液、聚乙烯醇溶液和壳聚糖溶液的比例，壳聚糖含量过高，水凝胶基质酸性过强，不成形，过低水凝胶抑菌效果差。
尽管上述实施例对本发明做出了详细的描述，但该描述是为了便于研究人员理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域的研究人员显然可以容易地根据本实施例做出各种修改以获取其他实施例，因此，不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都属于本发明保护范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶，其特征在于，所述水凝胶是以聚乙烯醇、明胶、壳聚糖和已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛为原料通过物理交联的方法制备而成，其具有不规则多孔海绵状结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶，其特征在于，所述聚乙烯醇、明胶与壳聚糖溶解后构成水凝胶基质；所述水凝胶基质中聚乙烯醇、明胶和壳聚糖的质量比为0.2：0.2：0.08；所述水凝胶基质与已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛的体积质量比为12mL：0～0.18g。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：先取MCM-41分子筛包埋茶树精油，再将聚乙烯醇、明胶、壳聚糖溶解后和已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛混合均匀，经过冻融循环，即获得分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶。
4.根据权利要求3所述的分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于，所述已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛的制备过程具体为：
将茶树精油溶于无水乙醇中，加入MCM-41分子筛，搅拌得到乳白色悬浊液，之后离心，得到已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛。
5.根据权利要求4所述的分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于，所述茶树精油和乙醇的体积比为1：10，所述茶树精油与MCM-41分子筛的体积质量比为1mL：0.3g；所述搅拌的温度为20～30℃，速度为200～400rpm，时间为4～8h。
6.根据权利要求3所述的分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于，所述分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶的制备过程具体为：
分别将聚乙烯醇和明胶溶解于去离子水中得到聚乙烯醇溶液和明胶溶液，将壳聚糖溶解于乙酸溶液中得到壳聚糖溶液；之后将聚乙烯醇溶液、明胶溶液、壳聚糖溶液和已包埋茶树精油的MCM-41分子筛搅拌混合均匀，倒入模具；放置在-20℃环境中冷冻20h，再放置在室温环境下解冻4h，冻融循环多次；最后用去离子水清洗水凝胶表面残留的酸性物质，得到分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶。
7.根据权利要求6所述分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚乙烯醇溶液和明胶溶液的浓度分别为0.05g/mL；所述乙酸溶液的质量浓度为1wt％，所述壳聚糖溶液的浓度为0.02g/mL；所述聚乙烯醇溶液、明胶溶液与壳聚糖溶液构成水凝胶基质，所述水凝胶基质与已包埋茶树精油的分子筛的体积质量比为12mL：0～0.18g；所述搅拌的温度为20～30℃，搅拌速度为200～400rpm，时间为1～3h。
8.权利要求1或2所述的分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶在制备抑菌产品、伤口止血产品和伤口愈合产品中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述分子筛-茶树精油水凝胶的应用，其特征在于，所述抑菌产品包括抑制大肠杆菌和/或抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的产品。
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