CN117143359A - 一种适用于血管类器官生长的水凝胶材料的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种适用于血管类器官生长的水凝胶材料的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种适用于血管类器官生长的水凝胶材料的制备方法及其应用,所述水凝胶材料的制备方法包括:(1)甲基丙烯酸酐化明胶的合成,(2)ns‑GelMA‑PEO的合成,所述水凝胶材料可以用于血管类器官的体外培养。本发明制备的ns‑GelMA‑PEO水凝胶材料能够显著提高血管类器官的存活及出芽能力,ns‑GelMA‑PEO为血管类器官的体外培养提供了新的解决方案,能够更好的支持类器官生长、分化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学组织工程领域,具体是一种适用于血管类器官生长的水凝胶材料的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
类器官(organoids)是一类由干细胞,包括多能干细胞(pluipotent stem cell,PSC)和成体干细胞(adult stem cell,ASC),在体外培养时形成的能够进行自我组装的微观三维结构,大小约在数百微米至数毫米级别。类器官可以复制出其对应器官或组织类似的复杂空间形态,并能够表现出细胞与细胞、以及细胞与基质之间的相互作用,并与体内分化的组织具有相似的生理功能。血管类器官是利用iPSC在体外三维培养所产生的具有管腔及复杂分支的仿天然血管样组织,其细胞组成包括内皮细胞、周细胞,具有与天然组织相似的合成血管性血友病因子(vWF)及摄取低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的功能,且能够合成基底膜网状结构的主要组成成分Ⅳ型胶原-。
目前血管类器官的体外培养依赖基质胶(Matrigel)和一型胶原。Matrigel是一种来源于小鼠肿瘤组织的天然水凝胶,其具备良好的生物相容性,然而,①Matrigel的批间组成难以控制,这种差异导致干细胞表现不一致;②基质胶中可能携带病原体或免疫原,培养的细胞、类器官难以实现临床转化;③Matrigel和一型胶原非常昂贵,5毫升的Matrigel基质胶或者100mg的一型胶原就要大约5000元人民币;④在实际操作过程中,Matrigel和一型胶原均是温敏性水凝胶,需要在37℃培养箱交联2小时才能成胶,时间成本高且无法利用3D打印等策略加工成型。因此,亟需开发新型的智能响应性水凝胶材料作为血管类器官的三维培养基质。
甲基丙烯酰明胶(GelMA)是一种明胶改性的可光固化水凝胶,仅需数十秒钟即可完成光交联过程,兼具了良好的生物相容性和优良的成型性能。交联后的GelMA内部孔隙由水凝胶网络内部聚合物链之间的距离决定,孔隙直径多在纳米级别内。这种大小的孔隙能够允许小分子物质的扩散,然而,大分子物质的转运、内部细胞的增殖及迁移、宿主细胞的浸润往往需要数十微米的孔径才能完成。传统的GelMA能够维持多种细胞的存活,但对于血管类器官这种细胞组分多样、空间结构复杂且体积较大(数百微米)的细胞团而言,GelMA难以支持其存活、分化及血管出芽。因此,为了改善GelMA内部血管类器官的存活情况,需要在不改变其机械性能及成型性能的同时进一步提高GelMA孔径大小并优化其配方。
与常规的细胞培养不同,类器官需要长时间的体外培养诱导。传统的水凝胶溶剂常为PBS等缓冲液,难以提供类器官长时间生长分化所需要的营养。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种适用于血管类器官生长的水凝胶材料的制备方法,改善类器官培养环境,促进类器官血管化,将新型水凝胶配方添加了更多的促类器官血管化培养基,以更好模拟体内微环境。
本发明提供的技术方案:一种适用于血管类器官生长的水凝胶材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)甲基丙烯酸酐化明胶的合成
按照质量体积比为1:10-20g/mL将A型明胶溶解在PBS缓冲液中,以明胶:甲基丙烯酸酐=1:0.6-0.8的质量比将甲基丙烯酸酐缓慢滴加到明胶溶液中,40-60℃搅拌反应1-3小时,通过去离子水对所得溶液40℃透析3-7天以去除未反应的甲基丙烯酸酐及副产物,将纯化的GelMA单体溶液经微孔滤膜无菌过滤,冷冻干燥后保存;
(2)ns-GelMA-PEO的合成
分别称取步骤(1)所得的GelMA及光引发剂LAP和聚环氧乙烷(PEO)将其溶解在混合溶剂中,经微孔滤膜过滤后得到含质量百分数为5-10%的GelMA、0.1-0.5%的光引发剂LAP、0.5-1.6%的聚环氧乙烷的ns-GelMA-PEO;
所述混合溶剂由按体积百分比计的82% PBS+6%10×DMEM培养基+1.2% HEPES+0.6% Glutamax+9.2% Ham’s F12培养基+1% NaOH溶液配制而成。
进一步的,所述微孔滤膜为0.22μm滤膜。
进一步的,所述聚环氧乙烷的分子量为7000-8000kDa。
本发明所制得的水凝胶材料用于对血管类器官进行体外培养。
水凝胶材料在血管类器官中的应用,所述血管类器官的体外培养方法包括如下步骤:
(1)人工诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)贴壁生长在1%基质胶包被过的六孔板,当细胞密度达到80%左右传代,加入0.5mM EDTA消化液,37℃培养箱孵育5~8分钟,倒置显微镜下95%以上细胞开始分离、变圆、变亮后即可吸弃消化液,使用含1:4000ATP竞争性ROCK通路抑制剂Y-27632的mTeSRTM1多能干细胞完全培养基轻柔重悬细胞,将细胞悬液接种至经基质胶包被过的六孔板中,置于37℃5% CO2培养箱内培养,第二天使用mTeSRTM1完全培养基换液去除未贴壁细胞;
(2)吸弃人工诱导多能干细胞原有培养基,加入0.6-1mL/孔0.5mM EDTA润洗后弃去,随后加入0.6-1mL/孔细胞解离海源酶(Accutase),37℃培养箱孵育3~5分钟,待细胞开始变圆、变亮后轻柔吹打至单细胞悬液,使用细胞聚集体培养基(aggregation medium)重悬细胞,以2-5×105/孔细胞密度接种至超低附着六孔板中,置于37℃5%CO2培养箱内培养,培养1~3天后iPSC形成表面光滑、直径>50~100μm的球状聚集体;
(3)使用N2B27培养基+12μM糖原合成酶激酶3β抑制剂CHIR99021+30ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白4(BMP-4)培养基重悬iPSC聚集体,培养3天以诱导中胚层分化,第3天在培养基内加入10ng/mL血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)和2μM毛喉素(forskolin),37℃5%CO2培养箱内继续培养2天,2天后将iPSC聚集体包埋至ns-GelMA-PEO基质中进行三维培养,ns-GelMA-PEO使用紫外光照射30秒后固化;每孔加入1mL 37℃充分预热的StemPro-34 SFM完全培养基,37℃5% CO2培养箱内培养1~3天后血管出芽形成血管网。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中细胞聚集体培养基由以下按体积百分数计的物质配制而成:77% KnockOut DMEM/F12培养基+19%KnockOut血清替代物(KnockOut SerumReplacement)+1% L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺二肽添加剂(Glutamax)+1%非必须氨基酸添加剂(NEAAs)+1%1:100 2-巯基乙醇(β-mercaptoethanol)稀释液+1%双抗(penicillin–streptomycin)。
进一步的,所述步骤(3)中StemPro-34 SFM完全培养基含体积百分数为15%的胎牛血清(FBS)、100ng/mL VEGF-A和100ng/mL成纤维细胞生长因子2(FGF-2)。
本发明制得的光敏水凝胶ns-GelMA-PEO(甲基丙烯酸明胶-聚(环氧乙烷)),其在5%的浓度下能够支持血管类器官的生长、分化及出芽。与传统的血管类器官培养基质(Matrigel、一型胶原)相比,其成本低、成分简单,且能够在紫外光下快速交联,具备良好的成型能力;与传统配方的GelMA相比,我们加入的致孔剂明显扩张了传统GelMA的凝胶内孔,ns-GelMA-PEO孔径更大,能够显著提高血管类器官的存活及出芽能力。ns-GelMA-PEO为血管类器官的体外培养提供了新的解决方案。
与传统配方的水凝胶溶剂(PBS等缓冲液)相比,本发明优化了水凝胶的溶剂配方以支持类器官的生长活力。为了改善类器官培养环境,促进类器官血管化,将新型水凝胶配方添加了更多的促类器官血管化培养基,以更好模拟体内微环境,溶剂中包含6%10×DMEM培养基+9.2% Ham’s F12培养基+0.6% Glutamax+1.2% HEPES+1% NaOH。DMEM一种广泛使用的基础培养基,可用于支持很多种类的哺乳动物细胞生长,本发明中使用10×DMEM培养基作为水凝胶溶剂的基础成分,为类器官的生长提供基础营养的同时维持水凝胶内渗透压与细胞一致;Ham’s F12培养基为类器官提供锌、腐胺、次黄嘌呤、胸苷等营养元素;Glutamax是一种二肽(L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺),随着细胞逐渐释放氨基肽酶,后者可以水解Glutamax并缓慢释放L-丙氨酸和L-谷氨酰胺到水凝胶中,然后,L-谷氨酰胺和L-丙氨酸可以被细胞吸收,并用于蛋白质生产及TCA循环,因此Glutamax可以为类器官的长时间体外培养分化提供细胞必须的氨基酸,提高类器官活力并延长其寿命;HEPES(N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N-2-乙烷磺酸)是一种两性离子有机化学缓冲剂,因为类器官培养及诱导操作复杂,需要长时间在CO2培养箱外长时间进行处理细胞,所以需要添加HEPES为水凝胶提供额外的缓冲能力;少量的NaOH用于调节pH,使水凝胶维持中性。使用本溶剂配制的ns-GelMA-PEO水凝胶与常规溶剂PBS配制的PBS-GelMA-PEO水凝胶相比,能够更好的支持类器官生长、分化。
附图说明
图1是本发明制得的GelMA-PEO与GelMA的光敏性对比图;
图2是本发明制得的GelMA-PEO与GelMA的孔隙率对比图;
图3是不同水凝胶内类器官生长状态对比(从左至右:Matrigel+Col I→GelMA→ns-GelMA-PEO);
图4是不同溶剂的GelMA-PEO水凝胶内类器官生长状态对比图;
图5是ns-GelMA-PEO中的血管类器官发育过程图(A:第0、1、5天光镜低倍图;B:第5天光镜高倍图;C:免疫荧光染色,CD31阳性的内皮细胞排列为网状结构);
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细阐述,以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解,从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明所保护的范围。
实施例1
一种适用于血管类器官生长的水凝胶材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)使用100mL PBS溶解10g A型明胶,将甲基丙烯酸酐缓慢滴加至明胶溶液中(明胶:甲基丙烯酸酐质量比为1:0.6),50℃搅拌反应3小时,通过去离子水对所得溶液40℃透析5天以去除未反应的甲基丙烯酸酐及副产物,将纯化的GelMA单体溶液无菌过滤(0.22μm),冷冻干燥并在4℃保存;
(2)分别称取步骤(1)所得的GelMA及光引发剂LAP和聚环氧乙烷将其溶解在混合溶剂中,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤后得到含质量百分数为5%的GelMA、0.2%的光引发剂LAP、1.6%的PEO的ns-GelMA-PEO;
所述混合溶剂由按体积百分比计的82% PBS+6%10×DMEM培养基+1.2% HEPES+0.6% Glutamax+9.2% Ham’s F12培养基+1% NaOH溶液配制而成。
实施例2
一种适用于血管类器官生长的水凝胶材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)使用100mL PBS溶解5g A型明胶,将甲基丙烯酸酐缓慢滴加至明胶溶液中(明胶:甲基丙烯酸酐质量比为1:0.6),55℃搅拌反应1小时,通过去离子水对所得溶液40℃透析3天以去除未反应的甲基丙烯酸酐及副产物,将纯化的GelMA单体溶液无菌过滤(0.22μm),冷冻干燥并在4℃保存;
(2)分别称取步骤(1)所得的GelMA及光引发剂LAP和聚环氧乙烷将其溶解在混合溶剂中,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤后得到含质量百分数为7%的GelMA、0.15%的光引发剂LAP、1%的PEO的ns-GelMA-PEO;
所述混合溶剂由按体积百分比计的82% PBS+6%10×DMEM培养基+1.2% HEPES+0.6% Glutamax+9.2% Ham’s F12培养基+1% NaOH溶液配制而成。
血管类器官的体外培养
(1)iPSC贴壁生长在1%基质胶包被过的六孔板。当细胞密度达到80%左右传代(1:2),加入0.5mM EDTA消化液,37℃培养箱孵育5~8分钟,倒置显微镜下95%以上细胞开始分离、变圆、变亮后即可吸弃消化液,使用含1:4000Y-27632的mTeSRTM1完全培养基轻柔重悬细胞,将细胞悬液接种至经基质胶包被过的六孔板中,置于37℃5% CO2培养箱内培养。第二天使用mTeSRTM1完全培养基换液去除未贴壁细胞。
(2)iPSC聚集体制备:吸弃iPSC原有培养基,加入0.6mL/孔0.5mM EDTA润洗后弃去,随后加入0.6mL/孔Accutase,37℃培养箱孵育3~5分钟,待细胞开始变圆、变亮后轻柔吹打至单细胞悬液。使用aggregation medium(培养基构成:77% KnockOut DMEM/F12+19% KnockOut Serum Replacement+1% Glutamax+1% NEAAs+1%1:100β-mercaptoethanol稀释液+1%penicillin–streptomycin)重悬细胞,以2×105/孔细胞密度接种至超低附着六孔板中,置于37℃5%CO2培养箱内培养。培养1~3天后iPSC形成表面光滑、直径>50~100μm的球状聚集体。
(3)使用N2B27+12μM CHIR99021+30ng/mL BMP-4培养基重悬iPSC聚集体,培养3天以诱导中胚层分化,第3天在培养基内加入10ng/mL VEGF-A和2μM forskolin,37℃5% CO2培养箱内继续培养2天。2天后将iPSC聚集体包埋至Matrigel-Collagen I混合基质或ns-GelMA-PEO基质中进行三维培养,Matrigel-Collagen I可在培养箱静置2小时后固化,ns-GelMA-PEO使用紫外光照射30秒后固化;每孔加入1mL 37℃充分预热的StemPro-34 SFM完全培养基(含15% FBS+100ng/mL VEGF-A+100ng/mL FGF-2)。37℃5% CO2培养箱内培养1~3天后血管出芽形成血管网。光镜及免疫荧光染色对比两种基质中类器官的生长及分化状态。Matrigel-collagen I是文献中报道的可以成功培养血管类器官的基质,在此作为阳性对比。血管类器官的体外培养中所用培养基和试剂为购买得到的商品。
由图1可见,本发明制得的GelMA-PEO具有良好的光敏性,可在紫外光照下发生交联。
由图2可见,GelMA结构致密,孔隙率低;GelMA-PEO结构疏松,孔隙率高,具有大量相互连通的孔隙。
由图3可见,ns-GelMA-PEO中的血管类器官与Matrigel+Col I中的血管类器官增殖情况较好,体积均在200μm左右,且边缘具有明显的血管出芽效应(空心箭头示);GelMA中的细胞球体边缘光滑,无明显的血管出芽,且体积较小(实心箭头示)。
由图4可见,本专利提出的溶剂配制的GelMA-PEO水凝胶(ns-GelMA-PEO)中血管类器官,体积较大,且边缘具有明显的血管出芽效应;PBS溶解配制的GelMA-PEO(PBS-GelMA-PEO)水凝胶中细胞球体积较小,无明显的血管出芽。
本溶剂配制的ns-GelMA-PEO水凝胶与常规溶剂PBS配制的PBS-GelMA-PEO水凝胶相比,能够更好的支持类器官生长、分化。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种适用于血管类器官生长的水凝胶材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)甲基丙烯酸酐化明胶的合成
按照质量体积比为1:10-20g/mL将A型明胶溶解在PBS缓冲液中,以明胶:甲基丙烯酸酐=1:0.6-0.8的质量比将甲基丙烯酸酐缓慢滴加到明胶溶液中,40-60℃搅拌反应1-3小时,通过去离子水对所得溶液40℃透析3-7天以去除未反应的甲基丙烯酸酐及副产物,将纯化的GelMA单体溶液经微孔滤膜无菌过滤,冷冻干燥后保存;
(2)ns-GelMA-PEO的合成
分别称取步骤(1)所得的GelMA及光引发剂LAP和聚环氧乙烷将其溶解在混合溶剂中,经微孔滤膜过滤后得到含质量百分数为5-10%的GelMA、0.1-0.5%的光引发剂LAP、0.5-1.6%的聚环氧乙烷的ns-GelMA-PEO;
所述混合溶剂由按体积百分比计的82%PBS+6%10×DMEM培养基+1.2%HEPES+0.6%Glutamax+9.2%Ham’s F12培养基+1%NaOH溶液配制而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于血管类器官生长的水凝胶材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述微孔滤膜为0.22μm滤膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于血管类器官生长的水凝胶材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚环氧乙烷的分子量为7000-8000kDa。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水凝胶材料在血管类器官中的应用,其特征在于,所述水凝胶材料用于对血管类器官进行体外培养。
5.根据权利要求4所述的水凝胶材料在血管类器官中的应用,其特征在于所述血管类器官的体外培养方法包括如下步骤:
(1)人工诱导多能干细胞贴壁生长在1%基质胶包被过的六孔板,当细胞密度达到80%左右传代,加入0.5mM EDTA消化液,37℃培养箱孵育5~8分钟,倒置显微镜下95%以上细胞开始分离、变圆、变亮后即可吸弃消化液,使用含1:4000ATP竞争性ROCK通路抑制剂Y-27632的mTeSRTM1多能干细胞完全培养基轻柔重悬细胞,将细胞悬液接种至经基质胶包被过的六孔板中,置于37℃5%CO2培养箱内培养,第二天使用mTeSRTM1完全培养基换液去除未贴壁细胞;
(2)吸弃人工诱导多能干细胞原有培养基,加入0.6-1mL/孔0.5mM EDTA润洗后弃去,随后加入0.6-1mL/孔细胞解离海源酶,37℃培养箱孵育3~5分钟,待细胞开始变圆、变亮后轻柔吹打至单细胞悬液,使用细胞聚集体培养基重悬细胞,以2-5×105/孔细胞密度接种至超低附着六孔板中,置于37℃5%CO2培养箱内培养,培养1~3天后iPSC形成表面光滑、直径>50~100μm的球状聚集体;
(3)使用N2B27培养基+12μM糖原合成酶激酶3β抑制剂CHIR99021+30ng/mL骨形态发生蛋白4培养基重悬iPSC聚集体,培养3天以诱导中胚层分化,第3天在培养基内加入10ng/mL血管内皮生长因子A和2μM毛喉素,37℃5%CO2培养箱内继续培养2天,2天后将iPSC聚集体包埋至ns-GelMA-PEO基质中进行三维培养,使用紫外光照射30秒后固化,每孔加入1mL 37℃充分预热的StemPro-34SFM完全培养基,37℃5%CO2培养箱内培养1~3天后血管出芽形成血管网。
6.根据权利要求5所述的水凝胶材料在血管类器官中的应用,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中细胞聚集体培养基由以下按体积百分数计的物质配制而成:77%KnockOut DMEM/F12培养基+19%KnockOut血清替代物+1%L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺二肽添加剂+1%非必须氨基酸添加剂+1%1:100 2-巯基乙醇稀释液+1%双抗。
7.根据权利要求5所述的水凝胶材料在血管化脂肪构建中的应用,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中StemPro-34 SFM完全培养基含体百分数为15%的胎牛血清、100ng/mL血管内皮生长因子A和100ng/mL成纤维细胞生长因子2。
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