CN117139994A - Housing and welding manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Housing and welding manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117139994A CN117139994A CN202310893417.4A CN202310893417A CN117139994A CN 117139994 A CN117139994 A CN 117139994A CN 202310893417 A CN202310893417 A CN 202310893417A CN 117139994 A CN117139994 A CN 117139994A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- NGONBPOYDYSZDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ar].[W] Chemical compound [Ar].[W] NGONBPOYDYSZDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 24
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
- F01D25/145—Thermally insulated casings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
The housing comprises a housing body, three sheet metal parts, a long rib plate, a short rib plate and two sheet metal parts; an inner supporting block which is distributed in an annular manner is arranged in the shell; an upper flange is arranged at the top of the shell, a lower flange is arranged at the bottom of the shell, a middle flange is arranged between the upper flange and the lower flange on the inner wall of the shell, and two sheet metal parts are arranged between the lower flange and the side wall of the shell; the side surfaces of the two sheet metal parts are connected with the side walls of the middle flange through arc-shaped connecting plates, an upper horizontal circular seam is formed at the joint of the connecting plates and the middle flange, and a lower horizontal circular seam is formed at the joint of the connecting plates and the two sheet metal parts; gaps are formed at the upper end and the lower end of the side wall of the shell, heat-insulating cotton sealing plates are filled in the gaps, and a layer of heat-insulating cotton is arranged on the inner wall of the shell. The design reduces the depth of the arc pit so as to effectively avoid the occurrence of arc pit crack defects, the manufacturing difficulty of structural parts is reduced, and the welding manufacturing quality of the wallboard and the housing is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an improvement of a wallboard welding manufacturing technology, belongs to the field of welding, and particularly relates to a housing and a welding manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The domestic 40 WM-level gas turbine casing wall plate-housing is formed by welding a plurality of parts such as flanges, housing, wall plates, rib plates, plates and the like by adopting various welding methods such as electron beam welding, argon arc welding and the like, and the casing has the characteristics of complex appearance and welding structure, and is easy to cause stress concentration and further weld cracks, so that the structural part is particularly difficult to manufacture.
The Chinese patent application with the application number of CN201910973000.2 and the application date of 2019, 10 months and 14 days discloses a welding fixture for a combustion chamber shell of a gas turbine, wherein the welding fixture comprises a base, a plurality of supporting blocks and a plurality of wedges, and the wedges are in one-to-one correspondence with the supporting blocks. The base includes two annular plates and connecting plate, and two annular plates set up relatively, and the connecting plate sets up between two annular plates, and with two annular plates fixed connection, the annular plate does not set up a plurality of bar guide way a on the surface of connecting plate, and the radial extension of annular plate is followed to every bar guide way a from the outer loop of annular plate, a plurality of bar guide way a and a plurality of supporting shoe one-to-one. Each supporting block comprises an arched supporting part and a strip-shaped guiding part, the first end of the strip-shaped guiding part is slidably arranged in a strip-shaped guiding groove a corresponding to the supporting block to which the strip-shaped guiding part belongs, and the wedge block is clamped between the first end of the strip-shaped guiding part included in the supporting block corresponding to the wedge block and the side face of the strip-shaped guiding groove a opposite to the first end of the strip-shaped guiding part. The second end of the strip-shaped guide part is vertically fixed on the plane of the arc-shaped support part included in the support block to which the strip-shaped guide part belongs, and the curved surface of the arc-shaped support part is used for propping against the shell of the combustion chamber, but the problem of high manufacturing difficulty of the structural part is not solved by the technology.
The disclosure of this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the general background of the present patent application and should not be taken as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of high difficulty in manufacturing structural members in the prior art, and provides a housing with low difficulty in manufacturing the structural members and a welding manufacturing method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: the housing comprises a housing body, three sheet metal parts, a long rib plate, a short rib plate and two sheet metal parts;
an inner supporting block which is distributed in an annular manner is arranged in the shell;
an upper flange is arranged at the top of the shell, a lower flange is arranged at the bottom of the shell, a middle flange is arranged between the upper flange and the lower flange on the inner wall of the shell, and two sheet metal parts are arranged between the lower flange and the side wall of the shell;
the side surfaces of the two sheet metal parts are connected with the side walls of the middle flange through arc-shaped connecting plates, an upper horizontal circular seam is formed at the joint of the connecting plates and the middle flange, and a lower horizontal circular seam is formed at the joint of the connecting plates and the two sheet metal parts;
gaps are formed at the upper end and the lower end of the side wall of the shell, heat-insulating cotton sealing plates are filled in the gaps, a layer of heat-insulating cotton is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and three sheet metal parts are arranged between the heat-insulating cotton and the heat-insulating cotton sealing plates;
the three sheet metal parts comprise long rib plates and short rib plates, and the long rib plates and the short rib plates are formed;
the long rib plate is positioned at the inner side of the heat preservation cotton, and the side face of the short rib plate is respectively connected with the heat preservation cotton, the heat preservation cotton sealing plate and the inner wall of the shell.
A welding manufacturing method of a housing, the welding manufacturing method of the housing comprising the steps of:
step one, manufacturing a shell from a blank workpiece by adopting a uniform deformation method;
step two, manufacturing a two-sheet metal part by adopting a progressive stamping method on the two-blank workpiece;
step three, manufacturing a three-sheet metal part by adopting a numerical control pressing method for the three-blank workpiece;
and fourthly, welding the shell, the two sheet metal parts and the three sheet metal parts into the housing through a low-stress welding method and a mixed inert gas shielded welding method.
In the first step, a blank workpiece is manufactured into a shell by adopting a uniform deformation method, and the shell is:
the top and the bottom of a conical workblank workpiece are radially expanded, so that the thin end at the top and the thick end at the bottom of the workblank workpiece are supported and deformed into a semi-finished workpiece in a horn cylinder shape, and then the semi-finished workpiece is processed and molded to obtain the shell.
The processing and forming comprises coarse forming and fine forming, and an annealing process is adopted to eliminate internal stress in a region between the coarse forming and the fine forming after the completion of the coarse forming and the fine forming; the rough forming refers to the re-expansion of the rough end of a blank workpiece, and the finish forming refers to the re-expansion of the fine end of a blank workpiece;
the re-flaring refers to:
a. sequentially assembling the thick end and the thin end of a blank workpiece and the bulging machine in a corresponding manner;
b. sleeving a blank workpiece into a die, and locking a stop block at the top by using a screw;
c. setting expansion parameters, operating an expansion machine, and detecting the forming size of the machined part by using a pi ruler after the operation is finished;
d. and comparing the size of the processed part with the theoretical size, and continuously setting the expansion parameters until the theoretical size is reached.
In the second step, the progressive stamping method is adopted to manufacture the two sheet metal parts by the two blank workpieces, and the steps are as follows: firstly, stamping an inner molded line on two blank workpieces, then pressing the inner molded line through a die, stamping an outer molded line, and taking the two blank workpieces out of the die after stamping is finished to obtain the two sheet metal parts.
Before the inner molded line is stamped on the two blank workpieces, the two blank workpieces are required to be heated and maintained in pressure, and then the inner molded line is stamped after the pressure maintaining is finished;
the pressure maintaining time is not less than 2 hours, and the heating temperature is controlled to be 500-600 ℃;
and (3) after stamping the inner molded line, carrying out intermediate annealing to eliminate stress, wherein the heating temperature is 1100+/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15-30 min, and after air cooling, pressing the inner molded line through a die.
In the third step, the three blank workpiece is manufactured into a three sheet metal part by adopting a numerical control pressing method, and the three sheet metal part comprises the following steps:
before pressing by the numerical control pressing method, reserving machining allowance for the long rib plates and the short rib plates of the three-blank workpiece, simultaneously drawing a central pressing line on the three-blank workpiece, and then adjusting the width of a lower die of the numerical control flanging machine;
calculating the required pressing quantity of the upper die according to the width of the lower die of the numerical control flanging machine;
and (3) after the three blank workpieces are pressed, coloring and checking the front and back surfaces of the round corners, and cutting and removing redundant stub bars by adopting a laser cutting method after the coloring and checking are finished.
In the fourth step, the shell, the two sheet metal parts and the three sheet metal parts are welded into a housing through a low-stress welding method and a mixed inert gas shielded welding method, and the housing is as follows:
the low stress welding method comprises the following steps: firstly, welding an upper horizontal annular seam at the joint of a connecting plate and a middle flange through electron beam welding, and then welding a lower horizontal annular seam at the joint of the connecting plate and a two sheet metal part;
after the shell is welded, adopting medium-temperature annealing to eliminate weld stress of a plurality of horizontal circular seams;
the electron beam welding adopts non-penetrating technological parameters to weld, and electron beam pulse is added while welding, so that the welding heat input required under the same penetration depth is smaller.
The mixed inert gas shielded welding method comprises the following steps:
welding the shell, the three sheet metal parts and the heat-preservation cotton sealing plate which are welded with low stress into a housing by adopting a manual tungsten argon arc;
the side face of the shell subjected to low-stress welding is provided with three sheet metal parts, the inner side of the shell subjected to low-stress welding is filled with heat preservation cotton, and a heat preservation cotton sealing plate is arranged and welded at the gap of the shell;
A. cleaning and drying before welding;
B. the welding adopts intermittent welding;
C. adopting single-pass welding, wherein the welding height is 3+/-1 mm;
E. welding the housing by manual argon tungsten-arc welding;
F. the welding current is 90-120A, the welding speed is 10-20cm/min, the diameter of the nozzle is larger than 18mm, and the gas flow is 30-35L/min;
G. welding the welding seam of the long rib plate and then welding the welding seam of the short rib plate when the housing is welded;
H. hammering the welding seam part by adopting an R5 round-head hammer immediately after welding the housing;
I. welding the housing by adopting horizontal welding;
J. grinding the welding seam to smooth transition by adopting a pneumatic grinding wheel after welding the housing;
K. after the welding of the cover shell is finished, the surface of the cover shell is subjected to sand blasting
The hybrid inert gas shielded welding method further includes:
adopting He/Ar mixed gas as a protective gas for shell welding;
and welding the welding seams of the three sheet metal parts by adopting a discontinuous method, and pulling back and slightly stopping the electric arc when the arc is received.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the housing and the welding manufacturing method thereof, a sheet metal part, two sheet metal parts and a plurality of flanges are manufactured into a structural part by a low-stress welding method; welding a structural part and a three sheet metal part into a housing by a mixed inert gas shielded welding method, and welding the welding seams of the three sheet metal parts by adopting an intermittent method, so that the heat input of welding is greatly reduced, and the welding residual stress is reduced; when the arc is retracted, the arc is pulled back and stays slightly, the depth of the arc pit is reduced, the occurrence of arc pit crack defects is effectively avoided, the manufacturing difficulty of structural parts is reduced, and the welding manufacturing quality of the wallboard and the housing is obviously improved. Therefore, the manufacturing difficulty of the design is reduced, and the welding quality is improved.
2. According to the housing and the welding manufacturing method thereof, the He/Ar mixed gas is used as the shielding gas for welding, so that the arc column energy is more concentrated, the viscosity of a molten pool is reduced, the fluidity is improved, better appearance molding is obtained, the brightness of the surface of a welding seam is ensured not to be blackened, the corner area of a rib plate is not welded, the stress concentration at the corner is effectively avoided, the cost is effectively reduced, and the stability of the appearance of a finished product is ensured to be better. Therefore, the design cost is lower, and the stability is strong.
3. In the shell and the welding manufacturing method thereof, a blank workpiece is welded into a structural part through electron beam welding, a sheet metal part, two sheet metal parts and a plurality of flanges are welded through non-penetrating process parameters, the electron beam pulse is added during welding, so that the welding heat input required under the same penetration depth is smaller, the non-penetrating process parameters are adopted for welding, the welding line energy is controlled to be minimum on the premise of ensuring the penetration depth, and the electron beam pulse is added on the other hand, so that the welding heat input required under the same penetration depth is smaller, and the welding stress is eliminated by adopting medium-temperature annealing after welding in order to avoid welding crack. Therefore, the design can avoid cracking and eliminate welding line stress.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a blank workpiece configuration in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a side view of a blank workpiece in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a semi-finished product of the housing of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a two-blank workpiece according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a three-blank workpiece in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a top view installation schematic of the present invention.
In the figure: the shell 1, the inner support block 2, the three sheet metal parts 3, the long rib plate 4, the short rib plate 5, the upper flange 61, the middle flange 62, the lower flange 63, the upper horizontal annular seam 64, the two sheet metal parts 65, the lower horizontal annular seam 66, the connecting plate 67, the heat insulation cotton 7, the gap 8, the heat insulation cotton sealing plate 9, the first blank workpiece A, the second blank workpiece B, the third blank workpiece C and the semi-finished workpiece D.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a cover case includes a case 1, a three-sheet metal member 3, a long rib 4, a short rib 5, and a two-sheet metal member 65;
an inner supporting block 2 which is distributed in an annular mode is arranged in the shell 1;
an upper flange 61 is arranged at the top of the shell 1, a lower flange 63 is arranged at the bottom of the shell 1, a middle flange 62 is arranged between the upper flange 61 and the lower flange 63 on the inner wall of the shell 1, and a two-sheet metal part 65 is arranged between the lower flange 63 and the side wall of the shell 1;
the side surfaces of the two sheet metal parts 65 are connected with the side walls of the middle flange 62 through arc-shaped connecting plates 67, an upper horizontal annular gap 64 is formed at the joint of the connecting plates 67 and the middle flange 62, and a lower horizontal annular gap 66 is formed at the joint of the connecting plates 67 and the two sheet metal parts 65;
gaps 8 are formed at the upper end and the lower end of the side wall of the shell 1, heat-insulating cotton sealing plates 9 are filled in the gaps 8, a layer of heat-insulating cotton 7 is arranged on the inner wall of the shell 1, and three sheet metal parts 3 are arranged between the heat-insulating cotton 7 and the heat-insulating cotton sealing plates 9;
the three sheet metal parts 3 comprise long rib plates 4 and short rib plates 5, and the long rib plates 4 and the short rib plates 5 are arranged in an L shape;
the long rib plate 4 is positioned at the inner side of the heat-insulating cotton 7, and the side surface of the short rib plate 5 is respectively connected with the heat-insulating cotton 7, the heat-insulating cotton sealing plate 9 and the inner wall of the shell 1;
a welding manufacturing method of a housing, the welding manufacturing method of the housing comprising the steps of:
firstly, manufacturing a shell 1 by adopting a blank workpiece A by adopting a uniform deformation method;
step two, manufacturing a two-sheet metal part 65 by adopting a progressive stamping method on the two-blank workpiece B;
step three, manufacturing a three-sheet metal part 3 by adopting a numerical control pressing method to the three-blank workpiece C;
and fourthly, welding the shell 1, the two sheet metal parts 65 and the three sheet metal parts 3 into a housing through a low-stress welding method and a mixed inert gas shielded welding method.
In the first step, a blank workpiece A is manufactured into a shell 1 by adopting a uniform deformation method, and the shell 1 is formed by the following steps:
the top and the bottom of a conical workblank A are radially expanded, so that the thin end at the top and the thick end at the bottom of the workblank A are supported and deformed into a semi-finished workpiece D in a horn cylinder shape, and then the semi-finished workpiece D is processed and molded to obtain the shell 1.
The processing and forming comprises coarse forming and fine forming, and an annealing process is adopted to eliminate internal stress in a region between the coarse forming and the fine forming after the completion of the coarse forming and the fine forming; the rough forming refers to the re-expansion of the rough end of a blank workpiece A, and the fine forming refers to the re-expansion of the fine end of the blank workpiece A;
the re-flaring refers to:
a. the thick end and the thin end of a blank workpiece A are correspondingly and sequentially assembled with the bulging machine;
b. sleeving a blank workpiece A into a die, and locking a stop block at the top by using a screw;
c. setting expansion parameters, operating an expansion machine, and detecting the forming size of the machined part by using a pi ruler after the operation is finished;
d. and comparing the size of the processed part with the theoretical size, and continuously setting the expansion parameters until the theoretical size is reached.
In the second step, the step of manufacturing the two sheet metal parts 65 by using the progressive stamping method from the two blank workpieces B is as follows: firstly, stamping an inner molded line on the two blank workpieces B, then pressing the inner molded line through a die, stamping an outer molded line, and taking the two blank workpieces B out of the die after stamping is finished to obtain the two sheet metal parts 65.
Before the inner molded line is stamped on the two blank workpieces B, the two blank workpieces B are required to be heated and pressurized, and then the inner molded line is stamped after the pressure is maintained;
the pressure maintaining time is not less than 2 hours, and the heating temperature is controlled to be 500-600 ℃;
and (3) after stamping the inner molded line, carrying out intermediate annealing to eliminate stress, wherein the heating temperature is 1100+/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15-30 min, and after air cooling, pressing the inner molded line through a die.
In the third step, the three blank workpiece C is manufactured into a three-sheet metal part 3 by adopting a numerical control pressing method, and the three-sheet metal part is as follows:
before pressing by the numerical control pressing method, reserving machining allowance for the long rib plates 4 and the short rib plates 5 of the three-blank workpiece C, simultaneously drawing a central pressing line on the three-blank workpiece C, and then adjusting the width of a lower die of the numerical control flanging machine;
calculating the required pressing quantity of the upper die according to the width of the lower die of the numerical control flanging machine;
and (3) after the three-blank workpiece C is pressed, coloring and checking the front and back surfaces of the round corners, and cutting and removing redundant stub bars by adopting a laser 3D cutting method after the coloring and checking are finished.
In the fourth step, the shell 1, the two metal plates 65 and the three metal plates 3 are welded into a housing through a low-stress welding method and a mixed inert gas shielded welding method, and the housing is as follows:
the low stress welding method comprises the following steps: firstly, welding an upper horizontal circular seam 64 at the joint of a connecting plate 67 and a middle flange 62 by electron beam welding, and then welding a lower horizontal circular seam 66 at the joint of the connecting plate 67 and a two sheet metal part 65;
after the shell 1 is welded, adopting medium-temperature annealing to eliminate weld stress of a plurality of horizontal circular seams;
the electron beam welding adopts non-penetrating technological parameters to weld, and electron beam pulse is added while welding, so that the welding heat input required under the same penetration depth is smaller.
The mixed inert gas shielded welding method comprises the following steps:
the shell 1, the three sheet metal parts 3 and the heat preservation cotton sealing plate 9 which are welded with low stress are welded into a housing by adopting a manual tungsten argon arc;
the side face of the shell 1 after low-stress welding is provided with three sheet metal parts 3, the inner side of the shell 1 after low-stress welding is filled with heat preservation cotton 7, and a gap 8 of the shell 1 is provided with a heat preservation cotton sealing plate 9;
A. cleaning and drying before welding;
B. the welding adopts intermittent welding;
C. adopting single-pass welding, wherein the welding height is 3+/-1 mm;
E. welding the housing by manual argon tungsten-arc welding;
F. the welding current is 90-120A, the welding speed is 10-20cm/min, the diameter of the nozzle is larger than 18mm, and the gas flow is 30-35L/min;
G. when the housing is welded, welding the welding seam of the long rib plate 4 and then welding the welding seam of the short rib plate 5;
H. hammering the welding seam part by adopting an R5 round-head hammer immediately after welding the housing;
I. welding the housing by adopting horizontal welding;
J. grinding the welding seam to smooth transition by adopting a pneumatic grinding wheel after welding the housing;
K. after the welding of the cover shell is finished, the surface of the cover shell is subjected to sand blasting
The hybrid inert gas shielded welding method further includes:
adopting He/Ar mixed gas as a protective gas for welding the shell 1;
the welding seam of the three sheet metal parts 3 is welded by adopting a discontinuous method, and the arc is pulled back and stays slightly when the arc is received.
Example 1:
a housing comprising a housing 1, three sheet metal parts 3, a long rib plate 4, a short rib plate 5 and two sheet metal parts 65; an inner supporting block 2 which is distributed in an annular mode is arranged in the shell 1; an upper flange 61 is arranged at the top of the shell 1, a lower flange 63 is arranged at the bottom of the shell 1, a middle flange 62 is arranged between the upper flange 61 and the lower flange 63 on the inner wall of the shell 1, and a two-sheet metal part 65 is arranged between the lower flange 63 and the side wall of the shell 1; the side surfaces of the two sheet metal parts 65 are connected with the side walls of the middle flange 62 through arc-shaped connecting plates 67, an upper horizontal annular gap 64 is formed at the joint of the connecting plates 67 and the middle flange 62, and a lower horizontal annular gap 66 is formed at the joint of the connecting plates 67 and the two sheet metal parts 65; gaps 8 are formed at the upper end and the lower end of the side wall of the shell 1, heat-insulating cotton sealing plates 9 are filled in the gaps 8, a layer of heat-insulating cotton 7 is arranged on the inner wall of the shell 1, and three sheet metal parts 3 are arranged between the heat-insulating cotton 7 and the heat-insulating cotton sealing plates 9; the three sheet metal parts 3 comprise long rib plates 4 and short rib plates 5, and the long rib plates 4 and the short rib plates 5 are arranged in an L shape; the long rib plate 4 is positioned at the inner side of the heat preservation cotton 7, and the side surface of the short rib plate 5 is respectively connected with the heat preservation cotton 7, the heat preservation cotton sealing plate 9 and the inner wall of the shell 1.
A welding manufacturing method of a housing, the welding manufacturing method of the housing comprising the steps of:
firstly, manufacturing a shell 1 by adopting a blank workpiece A by adopting a uniform deformation method;
step two, manufacturing a two-sheet metal part 65 by adopting a progressive stamping method on the two-blank workpiece B;
step three, manufacturing a three-sheet metal part 3 by adopting a numerical control pressing method to the three-blank workpiece C;
and fourthly, welding the shell 1, the two sheet metal parts 65 and the three sheet metal parts 3 into a housing through a low-stress welding method and a mixed inert gas shielded welding method.
Example 2:
example 2 is substantially the same as example 1 except that:
as shown in fig. 2 to 4, a method for manufacturing a welded shell, in which a blank workpiece is manufactured into a shell by adopting a uniform deformation method, comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of pre-manufacturing a conical-tube blank workpiece A of a shell 1 from a steel plate with the thickness of 3mm and the material GH4099HB5332, expanding the conical blank workpiece A into a horn-tube-shaped semi-finished workpiece D by synchronously expanding the inner support blocks 2 outwards, and then performing machining forming on the semi-finished workpiece D, wherein the machining forming comprises coarse forming and fine forming, the coarse forming amount is large, and the fine forming amount is small; the annealing procedure is adopted between the rough forming and the finish forming to eliminate internal stress, the total diameter expansion amount is set to be 6mm, the setting to be 6mm mainly considers the stroke of diameter expansion equipment and the elongation of materials, the larger the stroke of the diameter expansion equipment is, the larger the elongation of the materials is, the larger the upper limit of the total diameter expansion amount can be set, and in principle, the diameter expansion amount is not more than half of the elongation, because the larger the value is, the more severe the cold work hardening of the materials is, the larger the value is, the diameter expansion amount is set to be 4mm, the intermediate annealing is carried out after the diameter expansion, the annealing temperature is 1100 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 30min, and the air cooling and tapping are carried out; setting the diameter-enlarging amount to be 2mm, measuring the average diameter tolerance of the cylinder body after diameter enlargement to be 0 to +0.5mm pi, then processing and removing the margins at two ends, wherein the larger the ratio of the coarse diameter enlargement to the fine diameter enlargement is, the smaller the residual internal stress after diameter enlargement is;
the rough forming refers to the re-expansion of the rough end of a blank workpiece, and the finish forming refers to the re-expansion of the fine end of a blank workpiece; the re-flaring refers to:
a. sequentially assembling the thick end and the thin end of a blank workpiece and the bulging machine in a corresponding manner;
b. sleeving a blank workpiece into a die, and locking a stop block at the top by using a screw;
c. setting expansion parameters, operating an expansion machine, and detecting the forming size of the machined part by using a pi ruler after the operation is finished;
d. and comparing the size of the processed part with the theoretical size, and continuously setting the expansion parameters until the theoretical size is reached.
Example 3:
example 3 is substantially the same as example 1 except that:
as shown in fig. 5, in a case welding manufacturing method, in the second step, two blank workpieces B are manufactured into two sheet metal parts 65 by adopting a progressive stamping method: firstly, stamping an inner molded line of a workpiece B of two blanks, then pressing the inner molded line through a die, then stamping an outer molded line, taking the workpiece B of the two blanks out of the die after stamping, and respectively reserving 10mm of machining allowance before welding according to the radius of the inner circle and the outer circle of a bus lofting by adopting an annular steel plate with the thickness of 3mm and GH4099/HB5332, lofting the blank without reserving the allowance, cutting and blanking by adopting laser, and stamping the inner molded line by utilizing a concave-convex die after blanking, and adopting hot stamping, wherein the specific method is as follows: firstly, placing an annular two-blank workpiece B in a groove of a first female die, and enabling a bolt to enable a blank holder to press an area within 100mm of the outer circle of an annular steel plate by tightening torque of 350 N.m; then, two people are circumferentially and symmetrically distributed with stations, each hand holds a flame gun, after ignition, the annular two blank workpieces B are heated back and forth by utilizing outer flames, the flame gun is scanned in a fan shape, the plate surface within the length range of an inner line to be punched is heated to 500+/-50 ℃ relatively uniformly, the temperature of a contact thermocouple detection plate is adopted, after the completion, the first concave-convex die is tightly closed, the pressure is maintained for 2 hours, after the completion, the workpieces are taken out from the concave-convex die, the intermediate annealing stress relief is carried out in a heat treatment workshop, the heating temperature is 1100+/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15-30 minutes, the workpieces are cooled and discharged, after the workpieces are cooled to room temperature, the workpieces are placed in the second concave-convex die, the inner line is compressed by adopting a blank holder, after the heating operation is repeated, the second concave-convex die is tightly closed, the pressure is maintained for 2 hours, and the workpieces are taken out from the concave-convex die after the completion, and the two sheet metal parts 65 are obtained.
Example 4:
example 4 is substantially the same as example 1 except that:
as shown in fig. 6, in the third step, a three-blank workpiece C is manufactured by adopting a numerical control pressing method, machining allowance is reserved on a long rib plate 4 and a short rib plate 5 of the three-blank workpiece C before pressing by adopting the numerical control pressing method, a central pressing line is simultaneously marked on the three-blank workpiece C, the long rib plate 4 and the short rib plate 5 are of an L-shaped angle steel structure, the material is GH4099/HB5332, the thickness is 3mm, the three-blank workpiece C adopts a GH4099 steel plate with the thickness of 3mm, the machining allowance and the pressing straight edge allowance are reserved in width, a marking needle is adopted to mark the central pressing line before pressing, the width of a lower die of a numerical control flanging machine is adjusted to be 20mm, the pressing amount required by an upper die is calculated according to the width of the lower die of the numerical control flanging machine, the pressing amount of the upper die is corrected through test pressing, and then all the long rib plates 4 and the short rib plates 5 are pressed by adopting a curing process, all the long rib plates 4 and the short rib plates 5 are enabled to obtain consistent round angles, the round angles and other molding sizes are obtained, the front and back surfaces and the round angles are subjected to 100% coloring inspection, and the laser cutting of the round angles is removed after the cutting is completed by adopting the laser cutting method.
Example 5:
example 5 is substantially the same as example 1 except that:
as shown in fig. 7, in the fourth step, the casing 1, the two metal plates 65, and the three metal plates 3 are welded into the casing by a low-stress welding method and a mixed inert gas shielded welding method, and the casing is:
the low stress welding method comprises the following steps: firstly, welding an upper horizontal circular seam 64 at the joint of a connecting plate 67 and a middle flange 62 by electron beam welding, and then welding a lower horizontal circular seam 66 at the joint of the connecting plate 67 and a two sheet metal part 65;
after the shell 1 is welded, adopting medium-temperature annealing to eliminate weld stress of a plurality of horizontal circular seams;
the electron beam welding adopts non-penetrating technological parameters to weld, so that welding line energy is controlled to be minimum on the premise of ensuring penetration, and electron beam pulse is added while welding, so that welding heat input required under the same penetration is smaller.
The mixed inert gas shielded welding method comprises the following steps:
the shell 1, the three sheet metal parts 3 and the heat preservation cotton sealing plate 9 which are welded with low stress are welded into a housing by adopting a manual tungsten argon arc;
the side face of the shell 1 subjected to low-stress welding is provided with three sheet metal parts 3, the inner side of the shell 1 subjected to low-stress welding is filled with heat preservation cotton 7, a gap part 8 of the shell 1 is provided with a heat preservation cotton sealing plate 9, aging is performed at 900 ℃ after welding, and flaw detection is performed after aging, and machining is performed by a rotary machine;
A. cleaning and drying before welding;
B. the welding adopts intermittent welding;
C. adopting single-pass welding, wherein the welding height is 3+/-1 mm;
E. welding the housing by manual argon tungsten-arc welding, and performing direct current positive connection, wherein the gas is mixed gas with the purity of 75 percent Ar+25 percent He and 99.99 percent;
F. the welding current is 90-120A, the welding speed is 10-20cm/min, the diameter of the nozzle is larger than 18mm, and the gas flow is 30-35L/min;
G. when the housing is welded, welding the welding seam of the long rib plate 4 and then welding the welding seam of the short rib plate 5;
H. hammering the welding seam part by adopting an R5 round-head hammer immediately after welding the housing;
I. welding the housing by adopting horizontal welding;
J. grinding the welding seam to smooth transition by adopting a pneumatic grinding wheel after welding the housing;
K. after the welding of the housing is finished, the surface of the housing is subjected to sand blasting treatment, an Al2O3 abrasive with 110-220 meshes is adopted for sand blasting, the surface cleanliness after sand blasting reaches Sa3 level, the surface roughness is 15-30 mu m, the surface of a welding seam can be in a compressive stress state by sand blasting, and the cracking probability of the welding seam is reduced
The hybrid inert gas shielded welding method further includes:
the He/Ar mixed gas is used as the protective gas for welding the shell 1, and is used as the protective gas for welding, so that the energy of an arc column is more concentrated, the viscosity of a molten pool is reduced, the fluidity is improved, better appearance molding is obtained, and the surface of a welding seam is ensured to be bright and not blackened;
the welding seam of the three sheet metal parts 3 is welded by adopting a discontinuous method, and the arc is pulled back and stays slightly when the arc is received, so that the heat input of the welding is greatly reduced, and the welding residual stress is reduced; when the arc is retracted, the arc is pulled back and stays slightly, the depth of the arc pit is reduced, and the occurrence of arc pit crack defects is effectively avoided; the area within 20mm of the corner of the rib plate is not welded, so that stress concentration at the corner is effectively avoided.
The above description is merely of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but all equivalent modifications or variations according to the present disclosure will be within the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A housing, characterized in that: the housing comprises a shell (1), three sheet metal parts (3), a long rib plate (4), a short rib plate (5) and two sheet metal parts (65);
an inner supporting block (2) which is distributed in an annular mode is arranged in the shell (1);
an upper flange (61) is arranged at the top of the shell (1), a lower flange (63) is arranged at the bottom of the shell (1), a middle flange (62) is arranged between the upper flange (61) and the lower flange (63) on the inner wall of the shell (1), and two sheet metal parts (65) are arranged between the lower flange (63) and the side wall of the shell (1);
the side surfaces of the two sheet metal parts (65) are connected with the side walls of the middle flange (62) through arc-shaped connecting plates (67), an upper horizontal circular seam (64) is formed at the joint of the connecting plates (67) and the middle flange (62), and a lower horizontal circular seam (66) is formed at the joint of the connecting plates (67) and the two sheet metal parts (65);
gaps (8) are formed at the upper end and the lower end of the side wall of the shell (1), heat-insulating cotton sealing plates (9) are filled in the gaps (8), a layer of heat-insulating cotton (7) is arranged on the inner wall of the shell (1), and three sheet metal parts (3) are arranged between the heat-insulating cotton (7) and the heat-insulating cotton sealing plates (9);
the three sheet metal parts (3) comprise long rib plates (4) and short rib plates (5), and the long rib plates (4) and the short rib plates (5) are arranged in an L shape;
the long rib plate (4) is positioned at the inner side of the heat preservation cotton (7), and the side surface of the short rib plate (5) is respectively connected with the heat preservation cotton (7), the heat preservation cotton sealing plate (9) and the inner wall of the shell (1).
2. A method of manufacturing a welded enclosure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the welding manufacturing method of the housing comprises the following steps:
step one, manufacturing a shell (1) by adopting a blank workpiece (A) by adopting a uniform deformation method;
step two, manufacturing a two-sheet metal part (65) by adopting a progressive stamping method on the two blank workpieces (B);
step three, manufacturing a three-sheet metal part (3) by adopting a numerical control pressing method to the three-blank workpiece (C);
and fourthly, welding the shell (1), the two sheet metal parts (65) and the three sheet metal parts (3) into a housing through a low-stress welding method and a mixed inert gas shielded welding method.
3. A method of manufacturing a weld to a housing as defined in claim 2, wherein: in the first step, a blank workpiece (A) is manufactured into a shell (1) by adopting a uniform deformation method, and the method comprises the following steps:
the top and the bottom of a conical workblank workpiece (A) are radially expanded, so that the thin end at the top and the thick end at the bottom of the workblank workpiece (A) are supported and deformed into a semi-finished workpiece (D) in a horn shape, and then the semi-finished workpiece (D) is processed and molded to obtain the shell (1).
4. A method of manufacturing a weld to a housing as defined in claim 3, wherein: the processing and forming comprises coarse forming and fine forming, and an annealing process is adopted to eliminate internal stress in a region between the coarse forming and the fine forming after the completion of the coarse forming and the fine forming; the rough forming refers to the re-expansion of the rough end of a blank workpiece (A), and the fine forming refers to the re-expansion of the fine end of the blank workpiece (A);
the re-flaring refers to:
a. sequentially assembling the thick end and the thin end of a blank workpiece (A) and the bulging machine correspondingly;
b. sleeving a blank workpiece (A) into a die, and locking a stop block at the top by using a screw;
c. setting expansion parameters, operating an expansion machine, and detecting the forming size of the machined part by using a pi ruler after the operation is finished;
d. and comparing the size of the processed part with the theoretical size, and continuously setting the expansion parameters until the theoretical size is reached.
5. A method of manufacturing a weld to a housing as defined in claim 2, wherein: in the second step, the two blank workpieces (B) are manufactured into two sheet metal parts (65) by adopting a progressive stamping method, and the steps are as follows: firstly, stamping an inner molded line on the two blank workpieces (B), then pressing the inner molded line through a die, stamping an outer molded line, and taking the two blank workpieces (B) out of the die after stamping is finished to obtain the two sheet metal parts (65).
6. The method for manufacturing a welded cover according to claim 5, wherein: before the inner molded line is stamped on the two blank workpieces (B), the two blank workpieces (B) are required to be heated and maintained in pressure, and after the pressure maintaining is finished, the inner molded line is stamped again;
the pressure maintaining time is not less than 2 hours, and the heating temperature is controlled to be 500-600 ℃;
and (3) after stamping the inner molded line, carrying out intermediate annealing to eliminate stress, wherein the heating temperature is 1100+/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15-30 min, and after air cooling, pressing the inner molded line through a die.
7. A method of manufacturing a weld to a housing as defined in claim 2, wherein: in the third step, the three blank workpiece (C) is manufactured into a three sheet metal part (3) by adopting a numerical control pressing method, and the three sheet metal part comprises the following steps:
before pressing, the numerical control pressing method leaves machining allowance for the long rib plates (4) and the short rib plates (5) of the three blank workpieces (C), simultaneously marks a central pressing line on the three blank workpieces (C), and then adjusts the width of a lower die of the numerical control flanging machine;
calculating the required pressing quantity of the upper die according to the width of the lower die of the numerical control flanging machine;
and (3) after the three-blank workpiece (C) is pressed, coloring and checking the front and back surfaces of the round corners, and cutting and removing redundant stub bars by adopting a laser 3D cutting method after the coloring and checking are finished.
8. A method of manufacturing a weld to a housing as defined in claim 2, wherein: in the fourth step, the shell (1), the two sheet metal parts (65) and the three sheet metal parts (3) are welded into a housing through a low-stress welding method and a mixed inert gas shielded welding method, and the housing is as follows:
the low stress welding method comprises the following steps: firstly, welding an upper horizontal circular seam (64) at the joint of a connecting plate (67) and a middle flange (62) through electron beam welding, and then welding a lower horizontal circular seam (66) at the joint of the connecting plate (67) and a two-sheet metal part (65);
after the shell (1) is welded, adopting medium-temperature annealing to eliminate weld stress of a plurality of horizontal circular seams;
the electron beam welding adopts non-penetrating technological parameters to weld, and electron beam pulse is added while welding, so that the welding heat input required under the same penetration depth is smaller.
9. The method for manufacturing a welded cover according to claim 8, wherein: the mixed inert gas shielded welding method comprises the following steps:
the shell (1), the three sheet metal parts (3) and the heat preservation cotton sealing plate (9) which are welded with low stress are welded into a housing by adopting a manual tungsten argon arc;
the side face of the shell (1) after low-stress welding is provided with a three-sheet metal part (3), the inner side of the shell (1) after low-stress welding is filled with heat preservation cotton (7), and a gap (8) of the shell (1) is provided with a heat preservation cotton sealing plate (9);
A. cleaning and drying before welding;
B. the welding adopts intermittent welding;
C. adopting single-pass welding, wherein the welding height is 3+/-1 mm;
E. welding the two structural members by adopting manual argon tungsten-arc welding;
F. the welding current is 90-120A, the welding speed is 10-20cm/min, the diameter of the nozzle is larger than 18mm, and the gas flow is 30-35L/min;
G. when the housing is welded, welding seams of the long rib plates (4) are welded firstly, and then welding seams of the short rib plates (5) are welded;
H. hammering the welding seam part by adopting an R5 round-head hammer immediately after welding the housing;
I. welding the housing by adopting horizontal welding;
J. grinding the welding seam to smooth transition by adopting a pneumatic grinding wheel after welding the housing;
K. and (5) carrying out sand blasting on the surface of the housing after the welding of the housing is finished.
10. A method of manufacturing a weld to a housing as defined in claim 9, wherein: the hybrid inert gas shielded welding method further includes:
He/Ar mixed gas is used as a protective gas for welding the shell (1);
the welding seam of the three sheet metal parts (3) is welded by adopting a discontinuous method, and the arc is pulled back and stays slightly when the arc is received.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310893417.4A CN117139994A (en) | 2023-07-20 | 2023-07-20 | Housing and welding manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310893417.4A CN117139994A (en) | 2023-07-20 | 2023-07-20 | Housing and welding manufacturing method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117139994A true CN117139994A (en) | 2023-12-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310893417.4A Pending CN117139994A (en) | 2023-07-20 | 2023-07-20 | Housing and welding manufacturing method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117139994A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-07-20 CN CN202310893417.4A patent/CN117139994A/en active Pending
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