CN117139753A - Curved hole alternate cathode and anode electrolytic machining device and machining method - Google Patents
Curved hole alternate cathode and anode electrolytic machining device and machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117139753A CN117139753A CN202311336159.6A CN202311336159A CN117139753A CN 117139753 A CN117139753 A CN 117139753A CN 202311336159 A CN202311336159 A CN 202311336159A CN 117139753 A CN117139753 A CN 117139753A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical compound [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical group [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
Abstract
According to the electrolytic machining device and method for the anode and cathode of the curved hole alternation, the curved hole is machined by electrolysis, and on the basis of ensuring the machining efficiency and the machining precision of the curved hole and ensuring that the surface of a formed workpiece has no residual stress and heat affected zone, the application range and the universality are improved and the implementation difficulty is reduced by different machining modes caused by the motion coordination between a tool and a workpiece blank and the switching of an anode and a cathode between the tool and the workpiece blank; meanwhile, the machining method is used for directly machining and forming the workpiece blank at one time without dividing the machining process into two working procedures of rough machining and finish machining, so that errors caused by disassembling and assembling the clamp are avoided, and the machining precision of the bent hole is effectively improved; in addition, the tool main body is designed into a four-layer laminated structure, and the profile shape of the copper-tungsten alloy layer is designed into different shapes, so that the tool can be suitable for machining curved holes with different curvatures and directions and multi-section complex curved holes, and the problem of low universality of the conventional electrolytic machining method is further solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical machining devices, and particularly relates to a curved hole alternate cathode and anode electrochemical machining device and a machining method.
Background
The bent hole structure frequently appears in high-precision equipment in the fields of fluid transmission, mold cooling, hydraulic element oil ways and military industry, and the quality and the production efficiency of products are obviously improved. However, the curved hole has complex structure appearance and high requirements on surface finish, contour accuracy and the like, and particularly after difficult-to-process materials with excellent performances such as titanium alloy, titanium aluminum alloy and the like are adopted, the curved hole processing technology and equipment are complex, and the processing difficulty is high.
The current bending hole processing method mainly comprises boring, electric spark forming processing, electron beam processing, laser processing, electrolytic processing and the like. The boring adopts a plurality of sections of straight holes to fit and process the bent holes, so that the problems of small curvature change, difficult chip removal, low processing efficiency and the like exist; the electric spark machining realizes the hole bending by designing an electric spark machining hole bending tool and a device, improving an electric spark machine tool and the like, and has the problems of electrode loss, recasting layers, low machining efficiency and the like; the electron beam processing utilizes the fact that the electron beam is influenced by a magnetic field to deviate, a curved hole with a certain curvature is processed on a workpiece blank, but the problems that the processing environment is high in requirement, residual stress exists locally and the like exist; laser processing generally utilizes the reflection of laser beams on the hole wall to realize the processing of a bent hole, but has the problems that a large number of experiments need to be carried out to debug the parameters of the laser beams for changing materials, the surface has processing defects and the like; the electrochemical machining needs to design complex machining tools, devices and the like to machine bent holes by utilizing electrochemical reaction, so that the application range is narrow, the universality is low and the implementation difficulty is high.
Therefore, it is needed to design a curved hole alternative cathode and anode electrolytic machining device and a machining method to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the electrolytic machining device and method for the anode and cathode of the curved hole alternation are provided, so that the problems of narrow application range, low universality and high implementation difficulty of the conventional electrolytic machining method for the curved hole can be solved.
The invention provides a curved hole alternate cathode and anode electrolytic machining device for achieving the purpose, which comprises a tool and a power supply, wherein the tool is connected with the anode and the cathode of the power supply through wires, the bottom of the tool is inserted into a workpiece blank for curved hole machining, the workpiece blank is also connected with the anode and the cathode of the power supply through wires, the workpiece blank is placed on a vibrating device, and a machine tool X displacement platform and a machine tool Y displacement platform are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the vibrating device from top to bottom so as to realize the adjustment of the position of the workpiece blank on a horizontal plane.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the tool comprises a machine tool spindle and a tool main body, wherein the bottom surface of the machine tool spindle is tightly combined with the top surface of the tool main body, the tool main body is driven by the machine tool spindle to move in the vertical direction, the side part of the tool main body is of a four-layer laminated structure, a first capillary quartz glass layer, a stainless steel layer, a second capillary quartz glass layer and a copper tungsten alloy layer are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, the bottom of the tool main body is of a three-layer laminated structure, the stainless steel layer, the second capillary quartz glass layer and the copper tungsten alloy layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the first capillary quartz glass layer and the second capillary quartz glass layer are both used as insulating layers and have the thickness of 0.02-0.04 mm, a liquid inlet is formed in one side of the machine tool spindle and used for introducing electrolyte, a hollow cavity is formed in the tool and is communicated with the liquid inlet and used for accommodating electrolyte, and a plurality of narrow slits are formed in the bottom of the tool main body and used for flowing out the electrolyte.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the first positive electrode switch and the first negative electrode switch are correspondingly arranged on the lead wire of the tool connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply, the second positive electrode switch and the second negative electrode switch are correspondingly arranged on the lead wire of the workpiece blank connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply, the machining voltage provided by the power supply is 0-40V, and the machining current is 0-10000A.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the copper-tungsten alloy layer in the tool main body is designed into different profile shapes, so that the tool can be correspondingly suitable for machining curved holes with different curvatures and directions and multi-section complex curved holes.
A processing method of an electrolytic processing device for cathode and anode by using curved holes comprises the following steps:
step one, a first negative electrode switch and a second positive electrode switch are closed, the first positive electrode switch and the second negative electrode switch are opened, a workpiece blank is taken as an anode, a tool is taken as a cathode, a tool main body is driven by a main shaft of a machine tool to vertically and downwards feed at a constant speed, the workpiece blank is driven by an X displacement platform of the machine tool to horizontally move at a constant speed, and the workpiece blank is driven by a vibration device to vibrate up and down; electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet, flows out from the narrow slit through the hollow cavity, processes the workpiece blank through electrochemical reaction, and cuts off the first negative electrode switch and the second positive electrode switch and closes the vibration device and the X displacement platform of the machine tool when a primary processing cavity is formed;
step two, increasing electrolyte pressure to enable the electrolyte to continuously wash out a first capillary quartz glass layer in the tool main body, so that the first capillary quartz glass layer is completely broken, and stopping introducing the electrolyte into the liquid inlet when the tool main body is changed into a three-layer superposition structure of a stainless steel layer, a second capillary quartz glass layer and a copper tungsten alloy layer from outside to inside;
step three, closing a first positive electrode switch and a second negative electrode switch, wherein the first negative electrode switch and the second positive electrode switch are opened, a workpiece blank is taken as a cathode, a tool is taken as an anode, a tool main body is kept stationary, the workpiece blank moves left and right under the drive of a machine tool X displacement platform, and simultaneously the workpiece blank moves back and forth under the drive of a machine tool Y displacement platform; electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet and flows out from the narrow slit through the hollow cavity, a stainless steel layer in the tool main body is corroded and separated in electrochemical reaction, and when the tool main body is converted into a two-layer laminated structure of a second capillary quartz glass layer and a copper tungsten alloy layer from outside to inside, the first positive electrode switch and the second negative electrode switch are disconnected, and the machine tool X displacement platform and the machine tool Y displacement platform are closed;
step four, increasing electrolyte pressure to enable electrolyte to continuously wash out a second capillary quartz glass layer in the tool main body, so that the second capillary quartz glass layer is completely broken, and stopping introducing the electrolyte into the liquid inlet when the tool main body is converted into a copper-tungsten alloy layer;
step five, closing a first negative electrode switch and a second positive electrode switch, wherein the first positive electrode switch and the second negative electrode switch are opened, a workpiece blank is taken as an anode, a tool is taken as a cathode, a tool main body is kept stationary, the workpiece blank moves left and right under the drive of a machine tool X displacement platform, and simultaneously the workpiece blank moves back and forth under the drive of a machine tool Y displacement platform; and (3) enabling electrolyte to flow in from the liquid inlet, flow out from the narrow slit through the hollow cavity, and processing the primary processing cavity obtained in the step (I) through electrochemical reaction until the target cavity is reached, switching off the first negative electrode switch and the second positive electrode switch, and closing the machine tool X displacement platform and the machine tool Y displacement platform.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the feeding speed in the first step is 0.0-2.0 mm/min, and the initial gap is 0.00-1.00 mm.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the temperature of the electrolyte is 0-50 ℃, and the electrolyte pressure at the liquid inlet is 0.00-2.00 MPa.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the electrolyte is sodium nitrate or sodium chloride solution.
As a further improvement of the above solution, the judgment criteria for the total breakage of the first capillary silica glass layer in the second step and the second capillary silica glass layer in the fourth step are as follows: the surface of the side surface contour and the surface of the bottom surface contour in the tool main body are divided into more than 10 areas, the universal meter is used for touching different areas of the surfaces of the side surface contour and the bottom surface contour in the tool main body under the condition of power failure, and if the resistance value displayed by the universal meter is a non-1 value, the first capillary quartz glass layer and the second capillary quartz glass layer are completely separated.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the judging standard of all corrosion detachment of the stainless steel layer in the third step is as follows: the method comprises the steps of dividing the surfaces of a side surface contour and a bottom surface contour in a tool main body into more than 10 areas, touching different areas of the surfaces of the side surface contour and the bottom surface contour in the tool main body by using a universal meter under the condition of power failure, and if the resistance value displayed by the universal meter is 1, completely removing the stainless steel layer.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the prior art, the bending hole alternating cathode and anode electrolytic machining device and the machining method provided by the invention have the advantages that the bending hole machining is performed by adopting electrolytic machining, on the basis that the bending hole machining efficiency, the machining precision and the forming workpiece surface are ensured to have no residual stress and heat affected zone, different machining modes caused by the motion coordination between the tool and the workpiece blank and the switching of the cathode and anode between the tool and the workpiece blank are adopted, and compared with the existing electrolytic machining method, complex machining tools, devices and the like are not required to be designed, so that the application range and the universality are improved, and the implementation difficulty is reduced; meanwhile, the machining method is used for directly machining and forming the workpiece blank at one time without dividing the machining process into two working procedures of rough machining and finish machining, so that errors caused by disassembling and assembling the clamp are avoided, and the machining precision of the bent hole is effectively improved; in addition, the side part of the tool main body in the tool is designed into a four-layer laminated structure of a first capillary quartz glass layer, a stainless steel layer, a second capillary quartz glass layer and a copper tungsten alloy layer, and the profile shape of the copper tungsten alloy layer is designed into different shapes, so that the tool can be suitable for processing curved holes with different curvatures and different directions and multi-section complex curved holes, and the problem of low universality of the conventional electrolytic processing method is further solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an alternative anode and cathode electrolytic machining device with curved holes;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tool in the curved hole alternative cathode and anode electrolytic machining device provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first step in the processing method according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third step in the processing method according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of circle A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fifth step in the processing method according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of circle B of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a curved hole prepared by the processing method provided by the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the present invention for machining curved holes of different curvatures, different directions and multiple complex curved holes;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of areas defined by the side profile and the bottom profile of the tool body in the second, third and fourth steps of the processing method according to the present invention.
Wherein 1-the tool; 2-a workpiece blank; 3-a vibration device; 4-a machine tool X displacement platform; 5-a Y-displacement platform of the machine tool; 6-power supply; 11-a machine tool spindle; 12-a first capillary quartz glass layer; 13-stainless steel layer; 14-a second capillary quartz glass layer; 15-a copper tungsten alloy layer; 16-a hollow cavity; 17-side profile; 18-narrow slits; 19-floor profile; 61-a first positive electrode switch; 62-a first negative switch; 63-a second positive electrode switch; 64-second negative electrode switch.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate in further detail:
as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a curved hole alternate cathode-anode electrolytic machining device, which comprises a tool 1 and a power supply 6, wherein the tool 1 is connected with the anode and the cathode of the power supply 6 through wires, the bottom of the tool 1 is inserted into a workpiece blank 2 for curved hole machining, the workpiece blank 2 is also connected with the anode and the cathode of the power supply 6 through wires, the workpiece blank 2 is placed on a vibrating device 3, and a machine tool X displacement platform 4 and a machine tool Y displacement platform 5 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the vibrating device 3 from top to bottom so as to realize the adjustment of the position of the workpiece blank 2 on a horizontal plane; the tool 1 is correspondingly provided with a first positive electrode switch 61 and a first negative electrode switch 62 on wires connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply 6, the workpiece blank 2 is correspondingly provided with a second positive electrode switch 63 and a second negative electrode switch 64 on wires connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply 6, the machining voltage provided by the power supply 6 is 0-40V, and the machining current is 0-10000A.
As shown in fig. 2, the tool 1 comprises a machine tool spindle 11 and a tool main body, wherein the bottom surface of the machine tool spindle 11 is tightly combined with the top surface of the tool main body, so that the tool main body is driven to move in the vertical direction by utilizing the machine tool spindle 11, the side part of the tool main body is of a four-layer laminated structure, a first capillary quartz glass layer 12, a stainless steel layer 13, a second capillary quartz glass layer 14 and a copper tungsten alloy layer 15 are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, the bottom of the tool main body is of a three-layer laminated structure, the stainless steel layer 13, the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 and the copper tungsten alloy layer 15 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, a liquid inlet is arranged on one side of the machine tool spindle 11 and is used for introducing electrolyte, a hollow cavity 16 is formed in the tool 1 and is communicated with the liquid inlet and is used for accommodating the electrolyte, a plurality of narrow slits 18 are formed in the bottom of the tool main body and are used for flowing out of the electrolyte, and the first capillary quartz glass layer 12 and the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 are used as insulating layers and have the thickness of 0.02-0.04 mm.
As shown in fig. 9, the copper-tungsten alloy layer 15 in the tool body is designed into different profile shapes, which can be correspondingly suitable for processing curved holes with different curvatures and directions and multiple sections of complex curved holes.
A processing method of an electrolytic processing device for cathode and anode by using curved holes comprises the following steps:
step one, as shown in fig. 3, the first negative electrode switch 62 and the second positive electrode switch 63 are closed, the first positive electrode switch 61 and the second negative electrode switch 64 are opened, at this time, the workpiece blank 2 is an anode, the tool 1 is a cathode, the tool 1 is obliquely fed at a certain angle relative to the workpiece blank 2, that is, the tool main body is driven by the machine tool spindle 11 to vertically feed downwards at a certain feeding speed, the workpiece blank 2 is driven by the machine tool X displacement platform 4 to horizontally move at a uniform speed, and meanwhile, the workpiece blank 2 is driven by the vibration device 3 to vibrate up and down for improving the stability of a machining flow field; electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet, flows out from the narrow slit 18 through the hollow cavity 16, processes the workpiece blank 2 through electrochemical reaction while taking away the electrolytic product in the processing area until the first negative electrode switch 62 and the second positive electrode switch 63 are disconnected and the vibration device 3 and the machine tool X displacement platform 4 are closed when a primary processing cavity is formed;
step two, increasing electrolyte pressure to enable electrolyte to continuously wash the first capillary quartz glass layer 12 in the tool main body, so that the first capillary quartz glass layer 12 is completely broken, and stopping introducing the electrolyte into the liquid inlet when the tool main body is changed into a three-layer stacked structure of the stainless steel layer 13, the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 and the copper-tungsten alloy layer 15 from outside to inside; the judgment criteria for the total breakage of the first capillary silica glass layer 12 and the second capillary silica glass layer 14 in the fourth step are as follows: as shown in fig. 10, the surfaces of the side surface profile 17 and the bottom surface profile 19 in the tool main body are divided into 10 or more areas, and when the multimeter touches different areas of the surfaces of the side surface profile 17 and the bottom surface profile 19 in the tool main body under the condition of power failure, if the resistance value displayed by the multimeter is a value other than 1, the first capillary quartz glass layer 12 and the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 are completely separated.
Step three, as shown in fig. 4, the first positive electrode switch 61 and the second negative electrode switch 64 are closed, the first negative electrode switch 62 and the second positive electrode switch 63 are opened, at this time, the workpiece blank 2 is a cathode, the tool 1 is an anode, the tool main body is kept stationary, the workpiece blank 2 moves left and right under the drive of the machine tool X displacement platform 4, and simultaneously the workpiece blank 2 moves back and forth under the drive of the machine tool Y displacement platform 5; electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet and flows out from the narrow slit 18 through the hollow cavity 16, the stainless steel layer 13 in the tool main body is corroded and separated in the electrochemical reaction, and when the tool main body is changed into a two-layer laminated structure of the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 and the copper-tungsten alloy layer 15 from outside to inside as shown in fig. 5, the first positive electrode switch 61 and the second negative electrode switch 64 are disconnected, and the machine tool X displacement platform 4 and the machine tool Y displacement platform 5 are closed; the judgment criteria for the total corrosion detachment of the stainless steel layer 13 are as follows: as shown in fig. 10, the surfaces of the side profile 17 and the bottom profile 19 in the tool main body are divided into 10 or more areas, and when the multimeter touches different areas of the surfaces of the side profile 17 and the bottom profile 19 in the tool main body in the event of power failure, the stainless steel layer 13 is completely removed if the resistance value displayed by the multimeter is 1.
Step four, increasing electrolyte pressure to enable electrolyte to continuously wash the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 in the tool main body, so that the second capillary quartz glass layer 14 is completely broken, and stopping introducing the electrolyte into the liquid inlet when the tool main body is converted into the copper-tungsten alloy layer 15 only as shown in fig. 7;
step five, as shown in fig. 6, the first negative electrode switch 62 and the second positive electrode switch 63 are closed, the first positive electrode switch 61 and the second negative electrode switch 64 are opened, at this time, the workpiece blank 2 is an anode, the tool 1 is a cathode, the tool main body is kept stationary, the workpiece blank 2 moves left and right under the drive of the machine tool X displacement platform 4, and simultaneously the workpiece blank 2 moves back and forth under the drive of the machine tool Y displacement platform 5; the electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet, flows out from the narrow slit 18 through the hollow cavity 16, processes the primary processing cavity obtained in the step one through electrochemical reaction until the target cavity is reached, then turns off the first negative electrode switch 62 and the second positive electrode switch 63, closes the machine tool X displacement platform 4 and the machine tool Y displacement platform 5, and finally turns off the curved hole as shown in fig. 8.
In addition, the feeding speed in the first step is 0.0-2.0 mm/min, and the initial gap is 0.00-1.00 mm.
The temperature of the electrolyte is 0-50 ℃, the electrolyte pressure at the liquid inlet is 0.00-2.00 MPa, and the electrolyte is sodium nitrate or sodium chloride solution.
The above embodiments are not limited to the technical solution of the embodiments, and the embodiments may be combined with each other to form a new embodiment. The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered in the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electrolytic machining device for curved hole alternate cathodes and anodes, which is characterized in that: the automatic bending machine comprises a tool (1) and a power supply (6), wherein the tool (1) is connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply (6) through wires, the bottom of the tool (1) is inserted into a workpiece blank (2) for bending, the workpiece blank (2) is also connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply (6) through wires, the workpiece blank (2) is placed on a vibrating device (3), and a machine tool X displacement platform (4) and a machine tool Y displacement platform (5) are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the vibrating device (3) from top to bottom so as to realize the adjustment of the position of the workpiece blank (2) on a horizontal plane.
2. The curved hole alternate anode and cathode electrolytic machining device according to claim 1, wherein: the tool comprises a machine tool main shaft (11) and a tool main body, wherein the bottom surface of the machine tool main shaft (11) is tightly combined with the top surface of the tool main body, the tool main body is driven by the machine tool main shaft (11) to move in the vertical direction, the side part of the tool main body is of a four-layer laminated structure, a first capillary quartz glass layer (12), a stainless steel layer (13), a second capillary quartz glass layer (14) and a copper tungsten alloy layer (15) are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, the bottom of the tool main body is of a three-layer laminated structure and sequentially arranged into the stainless steel layer (13), the second capillary quartz glass layer (14) and the copper tungsten alloy layer (15) from bottom to top, the first capillary quartz glass layer (12) and the second capillary quartz glass layer (14) are both used as insulating layers, the thickness is 0.02-0.04 mm, one side of the machine tool main shaft (11) is provided with a liquid inlet for introducing electrolyte, a hollow cavity (16) is formed in the tool (1) and is communicated with the liquid inlet for containing electrolyte, and a plurality of narrow slits (18) are formed in the bottom of the tool main body.
3. The curved hole alternate anode and cathode electrolytic machining device according to claim 2, wherein: the tool is characterized in that a first positive electrode switch (61) and a first negative electrode switch (62) are correspondingly arranged on leads connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a power supply (6) of the tool (1), a second positive electrode switch (63) and a second negative electrode switch (64) are correspondingly arranged on leads connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply (6) of the workpiece blank (2), machining voltage provided by the power supply (6) is 0-40V, and machining current is 0-10000A.
4. A curved hole alternate anode and cathode electrolytic machining device according to claim 3, wherein: the copper-tungsten alloy layer (15) in the tool main body is designed into different profile shapes, so that the tool is correspondingly applicable to machining of curved holes with different curvatures and directions and multi-section complex curved holes.
5. A processing method using the curved hole alternative anode-cathode electrolytic processing device according to claim 4, comprising the steps of:
step one, a first negative electrode switch (62) and a second positive electrode switch (63) are closed, a first positive electrode switch (61) and a second negative electrode switch (64) are opened, at the moment, a workpiece blank (2) is an anode, a tool (1) is a cathode, a tool main body is driven by a machine tool main shaft (11) to vertically and downwards feed at a constant speed, the workpiece blank (2) is driven by a machine tool X displacement platform (4) to horizontally move at a constant speed, and meanwhile, the workpiece blank (2) is driven by a vibration device (3) to vibrate up and down; electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet, flows out from the narrow slit (18) through the hollow cavity (16), processes the workpiece blank (2) through electrochemical reaction, and cuts off the first negative electrode switch (62) and the second positive electrode switch (63) and closes the vibration device (3) and the machine tool X displacement platform (4) when a primary processing cavity is formed;
step two, increasing electrolyte pressure to enable the electrolyte to continuously wash out a first capillary quartz glass layer (12) in the tool main body, so that the first capillary quartz glass layer (12) is completely broken, and when the tool main body is changed into a three-layer superposition structure of a stainless steel layer (13), a second capillary quartz glass layer (14) and a copper tungsten alloy layer (15) from outside to inside, stopping introducing the electrolyte into the liquid inlet;
step three, a first positive electrode switch (61) and a second negative electrode switch (64) are closed, a first negative electrode switch (62) and a second positive electrode switch (63) are opened, at the moment, a workpiece blank (2) is a cathode, a tool (1) is an anode, a tool main body is kept stationary, the workpiece blank (2) moves left and right under the driving of a machine tool X displacement platform (4), and meanwhile, the workpiece blank (2) moves back and forth under the driving of a machine tool Y displacement platform (5); electrolyte flows in from a liquid inlet, flows out from a narrow slit (18) through a hollow cavity (16), and is corroded and separated from a stainless steel layer (13) in a tool main body in electrochemical reaction, when the tool main body is changed into a two-layer laminated structure of a second capillary quartz glass layer (14) and a copper-tungsten alloy layer (15) from outside to inside, a first positive electrode switch (61) and a second negative electrode switch (64) are disconnected, and a machine tool X displacement platform (4) and a machine tool Y displacement platform (5) are closed;
step four, increasing electrolyte pressure to enable electrolyte to continuously wash out a second capillary quartz glass layer (14) in the tool main body, so that the second capillary quartz glass layer (14) is completely broken, and stopping introducing the electrolyte into the liquid inlet when the tool main body is converted into a copper-tungsten alloy layer (15) only;
step five, a first negative electrode switch (62) and a second positive electrode switch (63) are closed, a first positive electrode switch (61) and a second negative electrode switch (64) are opened, at the moment, a workpiece blank (2) is an anode, a tool (1) is a cathode, a tool main body is kept stationary, the workpiece blank (2) moves left and right under the driving of a machine tool X displacement platform (4), and meanwhile, the workpiece blank (2) moves back and forth under the driving of a machine tool Y displacement platform (5); and (3) electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet, flows out from the narrow slit (18) through the hollow cavity (16), processes the primary processing cavity obtained in the step one through electrochemical reaction, and cuts off the first negative electrode switch (62) and the second positive electrode switch (63) and closes the machine tool X displacement platform (4) and the machine tool Y displacement platform (5) after reaching the target cavity.
6. The method for electrolytic machining of the curved hole alternate anode and cathode according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding speed in the first step is 0.0-2.0 mm/min, and the initial gap is 0.00-1.00 mm.
7. The method for electrolytic machining of the curved hole alternate anode and cathode according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the electrolyte is 0-50 ℃, and the electrolyte pressure at the liquid inlet is 0.00-2.00 MPa.
8. The method for electrolytic machining of the curved hole alternate anode and cathode according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the electrolyte is sodium nitrate or sodium chloride solution.
9. The method for electrolytic machining of the curved hole alternate anode and cathode according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the judgment standards of all the breakage of the first capillary quartz glass layer (12) in the second step and the second capillary quartz glass layer (14) in the fourth step are as follows: the surface of the side surface profile (17) and the bottom surface profile (19) in the tool main body is divided into more than 10 areas, when the multimeter is used for touching different areas of the surfaces of the side surface profile (17) and the bottom surface profile (19) in the tool main body under the condition of power failure, if the resistance value displayed by the multimeter is a non-1 value, the first capillary quartz glass layer (12) and the second capillary quartz glass layer (14) are completely separated.
10. The method for electrolytic machining of the curved hole alternate anode and cathode according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the judgment standard of all corrosion detachment of the stainless steel layer (13) in the third step is as follows: the surfaces of the side surface profile (17) and the bottom surface profile (19) in the tool main body are divided into more than 10 areas, the multimeter is used for touching different areas of the surfaces of the side surface profile (17) and the bottom surface profile (19) in the tool main body under the condition of power failure, and if the resistance value displayed by the multimeter is 1, the stainless steel layer (13) is completely removed.
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