CN117136135A - 具有选择性区域可调节雾度的窗 - Google Patents

具有选择性区域可调节雾度的窗 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117136135A
CN117136135A CN202280025276.8A CN202280025276A CN117136135A CN 117136135 A CN117136135 A CN 117136135A CN 202280025276 A CN202280025276 A CN 202280025276A CN 117136135 A CN117136135 A CN 117136135A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
layer
window
light
light guide
adjustable
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202280025276.8A
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English (en)
Inventor
D·E·金曼
A·J·戈克
P·F·马舍林
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Apple Inc
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Apple Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of CN117136135A publication Critical patent/CN117136135A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

一种光导可嵌入在窗中。该光导可具有包层和嵌入在该包层中的光导芯层。该光导芯层可包括被配置为接收来自光源的光的聚合物层。该光导芯层中的选择性区域可调节雾度层可具有分段透明电极,该分段透明电极可被控制以使得可调节雾度层的一个或多个选定区域变得模糊。来自光源的光可根据全内反射原理在被引导穿过光导芯层内的窗。当引导光到达选择性区域可调节雾度层的动态调节模糊部分时,引导光将被散射出光导。

Description

具有选择性区域可调节雾度的窗
本专利申请要求于2021年4月8日提交的美国临时专利申请第63/172,459号的优先权,该美国临时专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本文整体涉及使光穿过的结构,并且更具体地涉及窗。
背景技术
窗用于建筑物和车辆中。窗可由玻璃或其他透明材料形成。
发明内容
系统(诸如建筑物或车辆)中的窗可具有内窗层和外窗层。光导可形成在内窗层与外窗层之间。该光导可具有包层和嵌入在该包层中的光导芯层。该光导芯层可包括被配置为接收来自光源的光的聚合物层。
选择性区域可调节雾度层可包括在光导芯层中。该选择性区域可调节雾度层可具有可单独控制的分段透明电极。这允许可调节雾度层的一个或多个期望区域被选择性地置于模糊状态。
来自光源的光可根据全内反射原理在被引导穿过光导芯层内的窗。当引导光到达选择性区域可调节雾度层的动态调节模糊部分时,引导光将被散射出光导。散射光可在窗的内部和/或外部产生可见形状,并且可用作系统的内部和/或外部照明。任何合适的形状可用于可调节雾度区域。例如,可调节雾度形状可以是矩形的,可具有细长条形状,可具有标志或图标的形状,或者其他合适的形状。
附图说明
图1是根据一个实施方案的具有窗的例示性系统的横截面视图。
图2是根据一个实施方案的例示性可调节雾度层的横截面侧视图。
图3是根据一个实施方案的例示性窗的横截面侧视图。
图4是根据一个实施方案的例示性窗的顶视图。
图5是根据一个实施方案的包括可调节镜面层的例示性窗的横截面侧视图。
图6是根据一个实施方案的具有水平延伸的可调雾度条的例示性窗的侧视图。
具体实施方式
系统可设置有窗。可通过将多个透明层层压在一起来形成窗。例如,窗可由用粘合剂层压在一起的两个或更多个玻璃层形成。
图1示出了可包括窗的类型的例示性系统。系统10可以是车辆、建筑物或其他类型的系统。在交通工具(诸如汽车)中提供窗的例示性构造有时在本文中可被描述为示例。这仅为例示性的。窗可形成在任何合适的系统中。
如图1中所示,系统10可具有用于支撑一个或多个窗的支撑结构(诸如主体12)。主体12可以是包括车门、行李箱结构、发动机罩、侧车身面板、车顶和/或其他车身结构的车身。主体12可被配置为围绕并且封闭内部区域(内部)18。系统10可包括安装有车轮、可包括推进和转向系统以及可包括其他车辆系统的底盘。座椅可形成在主体12的内部区域18。窗14(其可以是车窗)和主体12的部分可用于将系统10的内部区域18与围绕系统10的外部环境(外部区域16)分开。
窗(诸如窗14)可联接到主体12并且可被配置为覆盖主体12中的开口。如果需要,联接到主体12的机动窗定位器可用于打开和关闭窗14。系统10中的窗(诸如窗14)可包括安装在位于车辆前部的主体12的开口内的前窗、在车辆顶部的一些或全部上延伸的天窗(遮阳窗)或其他窗、位于车辆后部上的后窗和/或位于车辆侧部上的侧窗。窗14可以是平坦的(例如,窗14可位于图1的X-Y平面上),或者窗14可具有一个或多个弯曲部分(例如,窗14可具有弯曲的横截面轮廓,并且可被取向成大致平行于X-Y平面,使得窗14的凸表面在图1的方向Z上面向外)。系统10中的每个窗14的面积可以是至少0.1m2、至少0.5m2、至少1m2、至少5cm2、至少10m2、小于20m2、小于10m2、小于5m2或小于1.5cm2(作为示例)。
系统10可包括控制电路和输入输出设备。系统10中的控制电路可包括一个或多个处理器(例如,微处理器、微控制器、专用集成电路等)和存储装置(例如,易失性和/或非易失性存储器)。系统10中的输入输出设备可包括显示器、传感器、按钮、发光二极管和其他发光设备、触觉设备、扬声器和/或用于提供输出和/或用于收集环境测量结果和/或用户输入的其他设备。系统可包括环境光传感器、触摸传感器、力传感器、接近传感器、光学传感器、电容传感器、电阻传感器、超声传感器、麦克风、三维和/或二维图像传感器、射频传感器和/或其他传感器。输出设备可用于向用户提供触觉输出、音频输出、视觉输出(例如,所显示内容、光等)和/或其他合适的输出。在操作期间,系统10中的控制电路可收集用户输入(例如,来自嵌入在系统10的窗或其他部分中的触摸传感器的触摸输入)、环境信息和来自传感器和/或其他输入-输出设备的其他信息,并且可基于该收集的信息来控制系统10中的可调节部件。
窗14可由一层或多层透明玻璃、透明聚合物(例如,聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸树脂等)、聚合物粘合剂和/或其他层形成。例如,窗14可由用粘合剂层压在一起的两个玻璃层或三个玻璃层形成。玻璃层可经化学或热回火(例如,以在玻璃层的表面上产生压缩应力,该压缩应力有助于强化玻璃层)。在图1的例示性构造中,窗14由外窗层20和内窗层24(例如,外结构玻璃层和内结构玻璃层和/或其他透明材料层)形成。层20和24的厚度可以是例如0.5mm至3mm、至少0.3mm、至少0.5mm、小于4mm、小于3mm、或其他合适的厚度。外层20和内层24可使用聚合物层(诸如插入的粘合剂层22(例如,一个表面粘合到外窗层20的面向内的表面,而相对表面粘合到内窗层24的面向外的表面的粘合剂层))层压在一起。粘合剂层22可具有与层20和24的折射率匹配的折射率(例如,在0.1内、在0.07内、在0.05内或在0.03内),或者可具有比层20和24更低或更高的折射率(例如,低或高至少0.1、至少0.15、至少0.2等)。可用于形成粘合剂层22的聚合物的示例包括热塑性聚氨酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。如果需要,层22可包括被配置为提供声音衰减的聚合物(例如,软聚乙烯醇缩丁醛子层或嵌入层22内的其他声学膜)。
外窗层20可由单层结构窗玻璃形成,或者可包括多个子层(诸如一层或多层玻璃、光学透明粘合剂和/或聚合物膜)。内窗层24同样可由单层结构窗玻璃形成,或者可包括多个子层,诸如一层或多层玻璃、光学透明粘合剂和/或聚合物膜。在本示例中,层20和24是由玻璃形成的玻璃层,该玻璃层具有一个或多个具有平面表面的区域和/或一个或多个具有弯曲横截面轮廓的区域(例如,窗14的面向外的表面是凸起的部分)。
如果需要,任选的固定和/或可调节光学部件可结合到窗14中。如图1中所示,例如,一个或多个光学部件(诸如光学层28)可结合到窗14中(例如,一个或多个层(诸如层28)可嵌入到粘合剂层22中)。每个层28可以是固定和/或可调节光学层,该固定和/或可调节光学层提供固定和/或可调节量的不透明度、偏振、反射、色偏、雾度和/或其他光学特性。层28中的每一层可由在窗14的大部分或全部上均匀的单层形成,或者可由具有不同区域的分段层形成,这些不同区域提供不同的固定和/或可调节特性。作为示例,固定层可具有覆盖窗14的第一半区域的第一半,并且可具有覆盖窗14的非重叠的第二半区域的非第二半,并且第一半和第二半的特征可以是不同固定量的不透明度、偏振、反射、色偏、雾度和/或其他光学特性。作为另一示例,电可调节层可具有覆盖窗14的第一半区域的第一半,并且可具有覆盖窗14的第二半区域的第二半,并且第一半和第二半可被独立地电调节以向第一半区域和第二半区域提供期望的相应量的不透明度、偏振、反射、色偏、雾度和/或其他光学特性。也可使用其中窗14具有多于两个具有不同的固定和/或可调节部件的区域的构造(例如,窗14可具有N个具有固定和/或可调节光学特性的不同区域,其中作为示例,N的值为至少3、至少5、至少10、至少15、小于50、小于25、小于20或小于10)。
在一些布置中,层28可包括由透明材料层(例如,透明光导芯)形成的光导。例如,层28可具有接收来自光源26的光的光导。光源可包括一个或多个发光装置,诸如发光二极管和/或激光二极管(例如,沿着窗14的一个或多个边缘布置的多个发光装置)。光源26可提供可见光,该可见光通过全内反射被引导穿过光导内的窗14。
光散射结构可设置在窗14的一个或多个区域中,以从光导提取一些引导光(例如,向内以产生对内部区域18的照明和/或向外)。光散射结构可由具有固定和/或可调节雾度的一层或多层材料提供。在例示性构造中,窗14的一个或多个部分被可调节雾度层重叠(例如,层28可以是可调节雾度层)。
可调节雾度层可具有可独立调节的不同区域。例如,可调节雾度层可具有第一区域30、第二区域32和第三区域34,它们可各自独立地调节以提供对应的期望雾度量和相关联的光散射。作为示例,如果将区域30和34调节为不表现出雾度,而将区域32调节为产生雾度,则在层28的光导内传播的来自光源26的光将在区域32中而不是在区域30和34中从层28向外和/或向内散射。
在一些布置中,可省略光源26(例如,使得可在窗14中调节雾度而不将光散射出窗14中的光导)。如果需要,也可使用包括具有固定光散射结构的一个或多个区域的窗14的布置。在有时在本文中作为示例描述的例示性构造中,层28包括接收来自光源26的光的光导,并且窗14具有分段的可调节雾度层,该可调节雾度层可被调节以在期望区域处将光散射出光导。
系统10中的窗可以是完全平面的(例如,窗14的内表面和外表面可以是平坦的)和/或系统10中的一些或全部窗可具有表面曲率。每个窗的内表面和外表面可作为示例具有复合曲率(例如,通过沿着图1的X和Y方向截取的弯曲截面轮廓来表征的不可展表面)和/或可具有可展表面(可被展平而无变形的具有零高斯曲率的表面)。可通过加热玻璃直到玻璃足够软以形成期望形状(例如,在重力作用下和/或使用模具)来产生弯曲的窗形状。其中窗14是平面的例示性布置有时可在本文中作为示例描述。然而,一般而言,窗14可包括一个或多个平面区域和/或具有弯曲横截面轮廓的一个或多个区域。
任何合适的可调节光学部件层可用于提供具有可调节雾度的层28。可使用的可调节雾度层的示例包括可调节液晶雾度层,诸如聚合物分散液晶层(具有分散液晶材料液滴的聚合物层)和聚合物网络液晶层(由聚合物网络稳定的液晶材料)。
作为示例,考虑图2的可调节雾度层36(例如,聚合物分散液晶层)。如图2的横截面侧视图所示,可调节雾度层36可包括聚合物层,诸如包含嵌入的液晶材料液滴40的聚合物层38。电极42和44可形成在层38的相对表面上。电极42和44可由透明导电材料(例如,足够薄以对可见光透明的金属、氧化铟锡或其他透明导电材料等)形成。当使用层38的相对表面上的电极跨层38施加电压时,电场被施加到液滴40中的液晶材料。这将液滴40中的液晶取向,并且改变液滴40对于穿过窗14的光的折射率。在第一状态下,跨相对电极施加第一电压,并且液滴40的折射率与层38中的聚合物材料的折射率匹配。在该第一状态下,层36处于低雾度操作模式(例如,在液滴40与层38之间不存在折射率差,因此光不会被散射,并且层36不会模糊)。在第二状态下,跨相对电极施加第二电压,并且液滴40的折射率与层38的折射率不匹配。在该状态下,液滴40用作光散射结构并且层36变得模糊。如果需要,层36也可在中间电压水平下操作,其中产生对应的中间量的雾度。
电极42和44可覆盖窗14的全部表面,或者可仅覆盖窗14的一部分。电极42和/或44可由连续的不间断电极层形成或者可以是分段的。如图2中所示,例如,电极(诸如电极42)可以是未分段的,而另一电极(诸如电极44)可以是分段的(例如,在该示例中形成左电极段和右电极段)。该分段布置允许层36的左部分和右部分被单独地调节并且相应地呈现不同量的雾度。
可调节雾度部件(诸如可调节雾度层)可附接到窗14的内表面或外表面和/或可嵌入在结构窗层之间。作为示例,层20和24可以是结构玻璃层(例如,外玻璃窗层和内玻璃窗层),并且可使用聚合物层(诸如聚合物粘合剂22)将层20和24层压在一起以形成窗14。在该类型的布置中,可调节雾度层(诸如可调节雾度层36)可嵌入在层20与24之间的窗14内(例如,在粘合剂层22中和/或在外层20的面向内的表面与内层24的相对面向外的表面之间的其他地方。)。如果需要,可将光导结构(诸如透明聚合物膜)放置在可调节雾度层附近以有助于引导光。
作为示例,考虑图3的窗14。如图3的窗14的横截面视图所示,窗14可包括外窗层20和内窗层24。光导层52可由透明聚合物层(例如,聚合物膜)形成。可调节雾度层36可邻近层52定位(例如,在层52上方或下方),并且可使用粘合剂的中间层和/或使用热和/或压力将层52和36层压在一起而附接到层52。层54和56可用于将层20和24附着到窗14的其他层。层54和56可由聚合物(例如,粘合剂22)形成和/或可包括一种或多种不同材料。例如,层54和56中的每一者可包括一个或多个材料子层,诸如热塑性聚氨酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、光学透明粘合剂、一个或多个聚合物膜等。
层36可以是选择性区域可调节雾度层(有时称为分段的可调节雾度层和/或图案化可调节雾度层等)。在图3的示例中,可调节雾度层36具有三个单独可调节的非重叠区域,诸如区域36-1、36-2和36-3(各自具有单独的电极)。一般来讲,层36可具有任何合适数量的区域(例如,至少两个、至少五个、至少十个、至少25个、至少50个、少于250个、少于100个、少于40个、少于30个等),并且作为示例,这些区域中的每一者可具有为至少1cm2、至少10cm2、至少100cm2、至少1000cm2、小于100,000cm2、小于10,000cm2、小于5000cm2或小于500cm2的尺寸。
层52和层36可具有相似或相同的折射率值。例如,层52和层36的折射率可相差小于0.05(作为示例)。层54可用于将层20附着到层52,并且层56可用于将层24附着到层36。
在第一例示性光引导布置中,窗14形成光导(例如,窗14的所有层共同用作光导芯)并且用于光导芯的包层由窗14的内表面和外表面上的空气提供。利用该类型的布置,光50通过全内反射在窗14内被引导,并且倾向于在外窗层20的面向外的表面与内窗层24的相对面向内的表面之间被引导。为了在该类型的布置中最小化在窗14中的不同材料层之间的界面处的光反射,在每个层间界面处的折射率差可小于0.2、小于0.1、小于0.05或其他合适的值。例如,层54和56可由粘合剂22形成,并且其折射率可与层52的折射率和/或层20和24的折射率匹配(例如,在0.1内、在0.05内等),以有助于减少在层52与层54和56之间的界面处的反射并且有助于减少在层20与54之间的界面处以及在层24与层56之间的界面处的反射。当期望从窗14向内和/或向外散射光时,层36的给定区域可从其不模糊(透明)状态切换到模糊状态。当被引导穿过窗14的光50到达层36的模糊区域时,该光将被散射出窗14(例如,以用作系统10的内部照明和/或用作向外指向的照明)。模糊区域将通常表现为明亮的照明区域,而非模糊窗区域表现为透明的。如果需要,可使用层36在特定区域中提供选择性隐私(例如,通过激活给定区域的雾度,即使在不存在光50的情况下)。
在图3中示出的第二例示性光引导布置中,光导层52和可调节雾度层36一起用作用于光导的光导芯层。在该构造中,层52和层36可具有匹配的折射率值(例如,在0.1内、在0.5内等),并且层54和56的折射率值比芯的折射率低(例如,作为示例,低至少0.07、至少0.1、至少0.15或至少0.2)。层54和56的相对较低的折射率值允许层54和56用作用于光导的包层(包覆层)。
在操作期间,光50将被引导穿过光导芯层内的窗14,除非被层36中的光散射结构向外散射。通过选择比芯层的折射率低(例如,低至少0.07、至少0.1、至少0.15、至少0.2等)的包层(例如,可由粘合剂22形成和/或可包括一层或多层其他聚合物和/或其他透明材料的层54和56)的折射率值来确保芯层内的全内反射。在该第二例示性布置中,作为示例,包层可具有与层20和24的折射率值匹配的折射率值,可具有低于层20和24的折射率,或者可具有高于层20和24的折射率值。
如图3中所示,由光源26发射到光导芯的边缘中的光50通过由层52和层36组成的光导芯层(芯)内的全内反射被引导穿过窗14(例如,在X-Y平面中),前提条件是层36处于其透明(非模糊)状态。
如果需要,用户可调节层36。例如,设备10中的控制电路可使用触摸传感器、麦克风或其他输入设备来接收用户输入。用户输入可指定窗14的中间部分(诸如对应于图3的区域36-2的窗14的部分)应当被选择性地置于其模糊状态。作为响应,控制电路可跨区域36-1和36-3中的可调节雾度层36的电极调节电压,以将区域36-1和36-3中的层36置于透明(非模糊)状态,同时跨区域36-2中的可调节雾度层36的电极调节电压以将区域36-2中的层36置于模糊状态。行进通过由层52和层36形成的光导芯层的光50通常将通过全内反射被限制在该层内。然而,在区域36-2中,光50的一部分将与在区域36-2中形成的光散射结构相互作用,并且因此将被散射出波导(向外和/或向内),如散射光线50'所示(例如,全内反射将在区域36-2内被局部地消除)。向内散射光可用作系统10的内部区域18的内部照明。向外散射光可到达外部(外部)区域16中的对象和观看者。从外部观看窗14的外部区域16中的观看者和/或从内部区域18观看窗14的内部区域18中的系统10的占用者将观察到窗14的外(或内)表面上的漫射照明区域,该漫射照明区域具有与区域36-2的轮廓匹配的形状。如果需要,层36(和/或与层36相邻的辅助光学膜)可用于有助于在特定方向上(例如,向外或向内)引导散射光。层36还可被配置为在向外和向内方向上同等地散射光。
选择性区域可调节雾度层36可具有任何合适形状和/或尺寸的单独可调节区域(段)。例如,考虑图4的窗14。如图4中所示,层36可具有被划分成区域(诸如区域36A(例如,星形区域)、区域36B(例如,矩形贴片)和区域36C(例如,一系列平行条纹))的电极。如果需要,细导电线(诸如线60)(例如,足够窄以减少或消除肉眼可见性的线和/或由透明导电材料形成的线)可用于将控制信号从联接到窗的边缘的端子分配到层36的单独可调节电极区域。单独可调节电极区域可包括与其他可调节电极区域隔离的区域(例如,由层36的不可调节部分围绕的电极岛和/或由窗14的不存在层36的部分围绕的电极岛)和/或单独可调节电极区域可包括多个电极以一维或二维阵列彼此相邻放置的部分。当以这种方式对层36的电极进行像素化时,单独电极可形成字母数字字符的相应部分、状态标志的相应部分和/或其他可视项目的其他部分(例如,形成图标的多部分可视标志等)。如果需要,单独电极形状也可被配置为通过它们自身呈现信息。例如,层36的单个段或一起被控制的层36的多个相关段可被成形为形成标识、图标、单词或其他视觉标志。
图标和其他视觉标志可呈现系统10的占用者感兴趣的信息和/或系统10附近的人感兴趣的信息。作为示例,警告图标可在车辆运动时被呈现并且可在车辆不运动时被移除,警告图标(诸如开门状态标志)可在车辆的门打开时被呈现并且可在门全部关闭时被移除等。
如果需要,可在外层20与内层24之间嵌入一个或多个附加的可调节光学部件层。作为示例,考虑图5的窗14的布置。在图5的示例中,光导层52和可调节雾度层36形成用于光导的光导芯层。在操作期间,光导芯层接收来自光源26的光50。层56形成用于光导的内包覆层。胆甾相液晶层54'可结合到层20与层52之间的窗14中,代替图3的层54。图5的层54'可由夹在一对相对电极之间的液晶材料层形成。系统10的控制电路可通过使用电极调节跨液晶层施加的电压来控制该层中液晶的对齐。通过调节电压,可调节层54'的反射率(例如,从其中层54是透明的并且不吸收穿过窗14的大量光的透明状态到镜面状反射状态)。在反射状态下,来自外部16的光被反射回外部16(例如,从系统10的外部看,窗14将具有镜面状外观)。同时,在该状态下的层54'的反射率将有助于将光50限制在层52内(例如,通过防止光50通过层54'向外逃逸)。
当层36的区域36-1、36-2和36-3是透明的(例如,处于它们的非模糊状态)时,光50将根据全内反射的原理被引导穿过光导内的窗14。当期望局部消除全内反射时,可调节层36以在其可调节区域中一者或多者中表现出雾度。例如,区域36-2可被置于模糊状态。这将散射来自光导的光,以为内部18提供内部照明。内部18中的系统10的占用者也将能够观察到对应于模糊区域的照明形状。层54'可保持在镜面状态(例如,以为系统10的占用者提供隐私并且阻挡向外指向的散射光),或者层54'的一些或全部可被置于透明状态。例如,层54'可具有分段的单独可调节电极,使得层54'的给定部分(例如,与区域36-2重叠的图标形状的区域)可被选择性地置于透明状态,以允许被区域36-2中的层36的光散射颗粒向外散射的一些光向外穿过层54'的该给定部分,以供外部区域16中的人观看。
如果需要,层36的分段区域可被配置为覆盖窗14(例如,以紧密间隔的非重叠贴片的一维或二维阵列)。贴片可以是正方形、六边形、细长条和/或其他形状的贴片。作为示例,考虑图6中的窗14的一维阵列配置。在图6的示例中,从系统10的内部观看窗14。窗14中的层36具有细长的水平延伸的平行条状电极36E,电极中的每个电极具有平行于水平(X)轴延伸的对应的纵轴。电极36E堆叠在彼此的顶部上,使得所有窗14被覆盖(在该示例中)。电极36E中的每个电极可从控制电路接收单独的单独调节控制信号。这允许窗14的雾度以条为单位进行调节。在操作期间,希望调节窗14的系统10的占用者可向窗14中的触摸传感器条提供用户输入和/或可向麦克风或其他输入设备提供用户输入。作为响应,系统10的控制电路可向电极36E中的每个电极发出对应的控制信号,该控制信号将层36的对应的部分置于期望雾度状态。
作为示例,如果用户需要隐私,则可调节层36中的所有电极,使得所有窗14都是模糊的。这将有助于遮蔽外部观察者对内部18中占用者的视野。光源26还可用于向窗14中的光导提供光50,使得所有窗14将发射漫射光(例如,漫射内部照明)。如果需要,可关闭光源26。
当用户不需要隐私时,可调节窗14中的所有电极,使得所有窗14都是完全透明的。
需要部分隐私和/或部分照明的用户可调节层36,使得被第一组相应电极36E重叠的层36的第一区域将是模糊的(例如,被电极36E的下部M覆盖的区域),并且使得被第二组相应电极36E重叠的层36的剩余第二区域将是透明的并且呈现较低的雾度(例如,被剩余电极36E覆盖的下部M电极36E上方的区域)。数量M可由用户动态地调节,从而有效地允许用户提高和降低车辆或其他系统中的模糊的电子调节窗面板。面板的模糊部分可不被照亮或者可使用来自光源26的光被照亮。
根据一个实施方案,提供了一种系统,该系统包括支撑结构;发射光的光源;以及支撑结构中的窗,该窗包括光导,该光导通过全内反射引导光穿过窗并且具有选择性区域可调节雾度层。
根据另一实施方案,支撑结构包括车身;选择性区域可调节雾度层包括选自由以下组成的组的可调节层:聚合物分散液晶层和聚合物网络液晶层;窗具有外玻璃层和内玻璃层;以及光导包括与选择性区域可调节雾度层相邻的聚合物层。
根据另一实施方案,窗包括外玻璃层和内玻璃层。
根据另一实施方案,光导包括透明聚合物层,并且该透明聚合物层和选择性区域可调节雾度层形成用于光导的光导芯层。
根据另一实施方案,光导包括包层。
根据另一实施方案,包层包括选自由以下组成的组的聚合物:热塑性聚氨酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
根据另一实施方案,系统包括与光导芯层相邻的电可调节胆甾相液晶层。
根据另一实施方案,选择性区域可调节雾度层包括在窗的不同相应区域中的多个单独可调节电极。
根据另一实施方案,电极包括多个平行细长带状电极。
根据另一实施方案,窗包括具有左边缘和右边缘的车窗,并且多个平行细长条形电极从左边缘水平延伸到右边缘。
根据另一实施方案,系统包括光源,该光源被配置为将光发射到光导的边缘中,支撑结构包括车身,窗具有内玻璃层和外玻璃层,并且光导位于内玻璃层与外玻璃层之间。
根据一个实施方案,提供了一种车辆,该车辆包括车身;以及车窗,该车窗被配置为覆盖车身中的开口,车窗具有通过聚合物彼此附接的第一结构窗层和第二结构窗层,并且在该聚合物中具有光导层,并且该光导层包括选择性区域可调节雾度层。
根据另一实施方案,可调节雾度层具有多个单独可调节区域,该多个单独可调节区域中的每一者具有相应透明电极并且该多个单独可调节区域中的每一者具有能够电调节的雾度状态。
根据另一实施方案,透明电极中的一个透明电极具有图标形状。
根据另一实施方案,透明电极跨窗以一维阵列布置。
根据另一实施方案,第一结构窗层和第二结构窗层包括相应的外玻璃层和内玻璃层。
根据另一实施方案,车辆包括被配置为将光发射到光导层中的光源,该光导层包括光导芯层,光导层包括用于光导芯层的包层,该包层至少部分地由聚合物形成,并且选择性区域可调节雾度层形成光导芯层的一部分。
根据另一实施方案,光导芯层包括与选择性区域可调节雾度层相邻的聚合物层,并且选择性区域可调节雾度层具有覆盖车窗的不同的相应区域的电极。
根据一个实施方案,提供了一种车窗,该车窗包括内玻璃层和外玻璃层;并且内玻璃层和外玻璃层之间的光导包括包层;以及嵌入该包层中的光导芯层,该光导芯层被配置为接收来自光源的光,光导芯层具有聚合物层和液晶可调节雾度层,该液晶可调节雾度层具有覆盖不同的相应区域的单独控制的分段电极。
根据另一实施方案,包层的至少一部分包括选自由以下组成的组的聚合物材料:热塑性聚氨酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
前述内容仅为示例性的并且可对所述实施方案作出各种修改。前述实施方案可独立实施或可以任意组合实施。

Claims (20)

1.一种系统,所述系统包括:
支撑结构;
发射光的光源;以及
所述支撑结构中的窗,所述窗包括光导,所述光导通过全内反射引导光穿过所述窗并且具有选择性区域可调节雾度层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中:
所述支撑结构包括车身;
所述选择性区域可调节雾度层包括选自由以下组成的组的可调节层:聚合物分散液晶层和聚合物网络液晶层;
所述窗具有外玻璃层和内玻璃层;以及
所述光导包括与所述选择性区域可调节雾度层相邻的聚合物层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述窗包括外玻璃层和内玻璃层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中所述光导包括透明聚合物层,并且其中所述透明聚合物层和所述选择性区域可调节雾度层形成用于所述光导的光导芯层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其中所述光导包括包层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其中所述包层包括选自由以下组成的组的聚合物:
热塑性聚氨酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
7.根据权利要求4所述的系统,所述系统进一步包括与所述光导芯层相邻的电可调节胆甾相液晶层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述选择性区域可调节雾度层包括在所述窗的不同相应区域中的多个单独可调节电极。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统,其中所述电极包括多个平行细长带状电极。
10.根据权利要求8所述的系统,其中所述窗包括具有左边缘和右边缘的车窗,并且其中所述多个平行细长条形电极从所述左边缘水平延伸到所述右边缘。
11.根据权利要求1所述的系统,所述系统进一步包括被配置为将光发射到所述光导的边缘中的光源,其中所述支撑结构包括车身,其中所述窗具有内玻璃层和外玻璃层,并且其中所述光导在所述内玻璃层与所述外玻璃层之间。
12.一种车辆,所述车辆包括:
车身;以及
车窗,所述车窗被配置为覆盖所述车身中的开口,其中所述车窗具有通过聚合物彼此附接的第一结构窗层和第二结构窗层,并且在所述聚合物中具有光导层,并且其中所述光导层包括选择性区域可调节雾度层。
13.根据权利要求12所述的车辆,其中所述可调节雾度层具有多个单独可调节区域,所述多个单独可调节区域中的每一者具有相应透明电极并且所述多个单独可调节区域中的每一者具有能够电调节的雾度状态。
14.根据权利要求13所述的车辆,其中所述透明电极中的一个透明电极具有图标形状。
15.根据权利要求13所述的车辆,其中所述透明电极跨所述窗以一维阵列布置。
16.根据权利要求13所述的车辆,其中所述第一结构窗层和所述第二结构窗层包括相应的外玻璃层和内玻璃层。
17.根据权利要求13所述的车辆,所述车辆进一步包括被配置为将光发射到所述光导层中的光源,其中所述光导层包括光导芯层,其中所述光导层包括用于所述光导芯层的包层,所述包层至少部分地由所述聚合物形成,并且其中所述选择性区域可调节雾度层形成所述光导芯层的一部分。
18.根据权利要求17所述的车辆,其中所述光导芯层包括与所述选择性区域可调节雾度层相邻的聚合物层,并且其中所述选择性区域可调节雾度层具有覆盖所述车窗的不同的相应区域的电极。
19.一种车窗,所述车窗包括:
内玻璃层和外玻璃层;以及
所述内玻璃层与所述外玻璃层之间的光导,所述光导包括:
包层;以及
嵌入所述包层中的光导芯层,所述光导芯层被配置为接收来自光源的光,其中所述光导芯层具有聚合物层和液晶可调节雾度层,所述液晶可调节雾度层具有覆盖不同的相应区域的单独控制的分段电极。
20.根据权利要求19所述的车窗,其中所述包层的至少一部分包括选自由以下组成的组的聚合物材料:热塑性聚氨酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
CN202280025276.8A 2021-04-08 2022-04-05 具有选择性区域可调节雾度的窗 Pending CN117136135A (zh)

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