CN117134401B - DC/DC converter for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle - Google Patents

DC/DC converter for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117134401B
CN117134401B CN202311397711.2A CN202311397711A CN117134401B CN 117134401 B CN117134401 B CN 117134401B CN 202311397711 A CN202311397711 A CN 202311397711A CN 117134401 B CN117134401 B CN 117134401B
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China
Prior art keywords
switching tube
active bridge
voltage
bridge
converter
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CN202311397711.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN117134401A (en
Inventor
吴家辉
柴克谦
李博阳
王波
卢钢
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ZHEJIANG HRV ELECTRIC CO Ltd
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ZHEJIANG HRV ELECTRIC CO Ltd
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to the power electronics field, discloses a DC/DC converter for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, include: a controller, a three-active bridge converter, wherein the three-active bridge converter comprises: primary side active bridge, high side active bridge, low side active bridge; the input end of the primary side active bridge is connected with a power grid so as to exchange energy with the power grid, and the output end of the high-voltage side active bridge is connected with a high-voltage storage battery; the output end of the low-voltage side active bridge is connected with a low-voltage storage battery; the controller is used for acquiring a user instruction and controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three active bridge converters according to the user instruction so as to control the working state of the DC/DC converter. The switching tube on-off time of the three active bridge converters is controlled by the controller, so that the working state of the charger is changed, an additional DC/DC converter is not needed, the equipment cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the charging device can realize the multidirectional flow of energy between a power grid and a battery, so that the performance of the power grid is optimized.

Description

DC/DC converter for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of power electronics, and in particular, to a DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.
Background
The battery of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle typically includes a high voltage power battery that powers the motor drive and a low voltage battery that powers the onboard equipment. When charging an electric vehicle battery, an active power factor correction (Active Power Factor Correction, APFC) circuit is generally used to convert alternating current into direct current, and a DC/DC converter between the APFC circuit and a high-voltage power battery, and between the high-voltage power battery and a low-voltage battery is used to realize energy transfer, so as to charge the low-voltage battery. In this process, a plurality of DC/DC converters are required, increasing the cost of the apparatus. And the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle cannot participate in the power grid performance adjustment work, so that the resource waste is caused.
It can be seen that how to provide a DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle with lower cost is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of this application is in order to solve among the prior art and to use a plurality of DC/DC converters in order to charge for the battery and lead to equipment cost higher and the hydrogen fuel cell car can't participate in the condition that causes the wasting of resources in the electric wire netting performance adjustment work, consequently, this application provides a hydrogen fuel cell car DC/DC converter and hydrogen fuel cell car to reduce charger equipment cost, use electric automobile's battery to participate in the electric wire netting simultaneously, thereby realize the multidirectional flow of energy between electric wire netting and battery, in order to optimize electric wire netting performance.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides a DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, including:
a controller, a three-active bridge converter, wherein the three-active bridge converter comprises: primary side active bridge, high side active bridge, low side active bridge;
the input end of the primary side active bridge is connected with a power grid to acquire a power grid signal, and the midpoints of all bridge arms of the primary side active bridge are connected with the primary side of the transformer;
the middle points of all bridge arms of the high-voltage side active bridge are connected with the secondary side of the transformer, and the output end of the high-voltage side active bridge is connected with a high-voltage storage battery;
the middle points of all bridge arms of the low-voltage side active bridge are connected with the secondary side of the transformer, and the output end of the low-voltage side active bridge is connected with a low-voltage storage battery;
the controller is used for acquiring a user instruction and controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three active bridge converters according to the user instruction so as to control the working state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.
Preferably, the primary active bridge comprises:
the first capacitor, the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube;
the control ends of the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected with the controller;
the first end of the first switch tube, the first end of the third switch tube and the first end of the first capacitor are all connected with the first end of the power grid through an active power correction circuit, and the second end of the first capacitor, the second end of the third switch tube and the second end of the fourth switch tube are all connected with the second end of the power grid through an active power correction circuit;
the second end of the first switching tube is connected with the first end of the second switching tube, and the connection point of the second end of the first switching tube and the first end of the second switching tube is used as a midpoint of a first bridge arm;
the second end of the third switching tube is connected with the first end of the fourth switching tube, and the connection point of the second end and the first end is used as the midpoint of the second bridge arm;
the midpoint of the first bridge arm is connected with the first end of the primary side of the transformer, and the midpoint of the second bridge arm is connected with the second end of the primary side of the transformer.
Preferably, the high-side active bridge and the low-side active bridge each comprise:
the fifth switching tube, the sixth switching tube, the seventh switching tube, the eighth switching tube and the second capacitor C2;
the first end of the second capacitor C2, the first end of the fifth switching tube and the first end of the seventh switching tube are all connected with the first end of the storage battery, and the second end of the second capacitor C2, the second end of the sixth switching tube and the second end of the eighth switching tube are all connected with the second end of the storage battery;
the second end of the fifth switching tube is connected with the first end of the sixth switching tube, and the connection point of the second end and the first end is used as the midpoint of the third bridge arm;
the second end of the seventh switching tube is connected with the first end of the eighth switching tube, and the connection point of the second end and the first end is used as the midpoint of a fourth bridge arm;
the control end of the fifth switching tube, the control end of the sixth switching tube, the control end of the seventh switching tube and the control end of the eighth switching tube are all connected with the controller;
the third bridge arm midpoint is connected with the first end of the secondary side of the transformer, and the fourth bridge arm midpoint is connected with the second end of the secondary side of the transformer.
Preferably, the operating state of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle at least includes: a high voltage battery state of charge, a low voltage battery state of charge, and a high voltage battery state of discharge;
correspondingly, the user instruction includes: a high voltage battery charge command, a low voltage battery charge command, and a high voltage battery discharge command.
Preferably, when the user command is a high-voltage storage battery charging command, the controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three-active bridge converter according to the user command to control the working state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle includes:
and controlling the primary side active bridge and the high voltage side active bridge to be conducted, wherein the low voltage side active bridge is turned off, and the phase of the primary side active bridge is advanced to the high voltage side active bridge.
Preferably, when the user command is a low-voltage battery charging command, the controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three-active bridge converter according to the user command to control the working state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle includes:
and controlling the high-voltage side active bridge, the primary side active bridge and the low-voltage side active bridge to be conducted, wherein the phase of the primary side active bridge is advanced in advance of the high-voltage side active bridge, and the phase of the high-voltage side active bridge is advanced in advance of the low-voltage side active bridge.
Preferably, when the user command is a high-voltage battery discharging command, the controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three-active bridge converter according to the user command to control the working state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle includes:
and controlling the primary side active bridge and the high voltage side active bridge to be conducted, wherein the phase of the primary side active bridge lags behind that of the high voltage side active bridge.
Preferably, the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube, the fourth switching tube, the fifth switching tube, the sixth switching tube, the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube are all switching tubes with freewheeling diodes.
Preferably, the transformer is a high frequency isolation transformer.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application also provides a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which comprises the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.
The application provides a DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, comprising: a controller, a three-active bridge converter, wherein the three-active bridge converter comprises: primary side active bridge, high side active bridge, low side active bridge; the input end of the primary side active bridge is connected with a power grid to acquire a power grid signal, and the midpoints of all bridge arms of the primary side active bridge are connected with the primary side of the transformer; the middle points of all bridge arms of the high-voltage side active bridge are connected with the secondary side of the transformer, and the output end of the high-voltage side active bridge is connected with the high-voltage storage battery; the middle points of all bridge arms of the low-voltage side active bridge are connected with the secondary side of the transformer, and the output end of the low-voltage side active bridge is connected with the low-voltage storage battery; the controller is used for acquiring a user instruction and controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three active bridge converters according to the user instruction so as to control the working state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Therefore, the technical scheme provided by the application controls the on-off time of the switching tube of the three-active bridge converter through the controller so as to change the working state of the charger without using a DC/DC converter, thereby reducing the equipment cost. Meanwhile, the storage battery can influence the power grid through the transformer, so that the performance of the power grid is optimized.
In addition, the application also provides a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which comprises the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, and the effects are the same as the above.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a dual active bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of a DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle under a three-shift modulation strategy;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in stage one;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the operation of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in stage two;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter operating in stage three;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the operation of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in stage four;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the operation of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in stage five;
fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter in a mode one;
fig. 10 is a waveform diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter in the second mode;
fig. 11 is a waveform diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter in the third mode;
fig. 12 is a waveform diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter in mode four;
fig. 13 is a waveform diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter in mode five;
fig. 14 is a waveform diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter in the sixth mode;
the reference numerals are as follows: 1 is a controller, 2 is a primary side active bridge, 3 is a high voltage side active bridge, and 4 is a low voltage side active bridge.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort are intended to fall within the scope of the present application.
The core of the application is to provide a DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, so as to reduce the cost of charger equipment, and simultaneously, a storage battery of an electric vehicle is used in a power grid to optimize the performance of the power grid.
With the development of new energy technology, the market holding quantity of electric automobiles is gradually increasing. The battery capacity of the electric automobile can reach tens of kilowatt hours at present, in order to construct an intelligent power grid, the battery of the electric automobile can be discharged to the power grid in the electricity utilization peak period (namely working production time) and charged in the electricity utilization valley period (namely rest time), so that the power battery of the electric automobile participates in the power grid regulation work, and the power grid performance is optimized. However, most chargers used in the current hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are combined by an active power factor correction circuit and a DC/DC conversion circuit, multiple conversions are required for current, the equipment cost is high, and the current can only flow from a power grid to a high-voltage storage battery of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, so that the multidirectional conversion of the current cannot be realized. In order to solve this problem, the present application provides a DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, comprising: a controller 1, a three active bridge converter, wherein the three active bridge converter comprises: primary side active bridge 2, high side active bridge 3, low side active bridge 4. The switching tube on and off time of the three active bridge converters is controlled by the controller 1 to change the working state of the charger without an additional DC/DC converter, so that the equipment cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the storage battery can influence the power grid through the transformer, so that the performance of the power grid is optimized.
In order to provide a better understanding of the present application, those skilled in the art will now make further details of the present application with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 1, the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle includes:
a controller 1, a three active bridge converter, wherein the three active bridge converter comprises: a primary side active bridge 2, a high voltage side active bridge 3, and a low voltage side active bridge 4;
the input end of the primary side active bridge 2 is connected with a power grid to acquire a power grid signal, and the midpoints of bridge arms of the primary side active bridge 2 are connected with a primary side L1 of a transformer;
the middle points of all bridge arms of the high-voltage side active bridge 3 are connected with the secondary side of the transformer, and the output end of the high-voltage side active bridge 3 is connected with a high-voltage storage battery;
the middle points of all bridge arms of the low-voltage side active bridge 4 are connected with the secondary side L2 of the transformer, and the output end of the low-voltage side active bridge 4 is connected with a low-voltage storage battery;
the controller 1 is used for acquiring a user instruction and controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three-active bridge converter according to the user instruction so as to control the working state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.
In a specific implementation, the operating states of the charging device at least include: a high voltage battery state of charge, a low voltage battery state of charge, and a high voltage battery state of discharge. The high-voltage storage battery charging state is that the power grid charges the high-voltage storage battery of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the low-voltage storage battery charging state is that the power grid charges the low-voltage storage battery of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the high-voltage storage battery discharging state is that the high-voltage storage battery discharges to the power grid, the high-voltage storage battery charging state and the low-voltage storage battery discharging state are included, and the low-voltage storage battery discharging effect on the high-voltage storage battery and the power grid is small in consideration of low capacity of the low-voltage storage battery and is not repeated herein.
Correspondingly, the user instruction includes: a high voltage battery charge command, a low voltage battery charge command, and a high voltage battery discharge command. The user instruction may be an instruction input by the user according to the vehicle-mounted man-machine interaction device, or may be an instruction preset in the controller 1. In addition, the user instruction may also be a preset rule in the controller 1, and when the controller 1 detects that the power grid and the storage battery meet the preset condition, the working state of the charging system is adjusted correspondingly. For example: and when the controller 1 detects that the power grid is in a high-load state and the electric quantity in the storage battery of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is higher than the threshold value, the storage battery is controlled to discharge to the power grid.
It can be appreciated that in order to prevent the battery from discharging too much to the power grid and affecting the normal use of the user, a discharging threshold can be set for the battery of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, and when the electric quantity in the battery is lower than the discharging threshold, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is controlled to stop discharging.
As shown in fig. 1, the charging device includes a controller 1, a three-active bridge converter, wherein the three-active bridge converter includes: primary side active bridge 2, high side active bridge 3, low side active bridge 4.
The primary active bridge 2 comprises: the switching device comprises a first capacitor C1, a first switching tube S1, a second switching tube S2, a third switching tube S3 and a fourth switching tube S4; the control ends of the first switching tube S1, the second switching tube S2, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4 are connected with the controller 1; the first end of the first switch tube S1, the first end of the third switch tube S3 and the first end of the first capacitor C1 are connected with the first end of the power grid through an active power correction circuit, and the second end of the first capacitor C1, the second end of the third switch tube S3 and the second end of the fourth switch tube S4 are connected with the second end of the power grid through an active power correction circuit; the second end of the first switching tube S1 is connected with the first end of the second switching tube S2, and the connection point of the second switching tube S1 and the first switching tube is used as a midpoint of a first bridge arm; the second end of the third switching tube S3 is connected with the first end of the fourth switching tube S4, and the connection point of the second switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S is used as the midpoint of the second bridge arm; the midpoint of the first bridge arm is connected with the first end of the primary side of the transformer, and the midpoint of the second bridge arm is connected with the second end of the primary side of the transformer.
The high-side active bridge 3 and the low-side active bridge 4 each comprise: a fifth switching tube S5, a sixth switching tube S6, a seventh switching tube S7, an eighth switching tube S8 and a second capacitor C2; the first end of the second capacitor C2, the first end of the fifth switching tube S5 and the first end of the seventh switching tube S7 are all connected with the first end of the storage battery, and the second end of the second capacitor C2, the second end of the sixth switching tube S6 and the second end of the eighth switching tube S8 are all connected with the second end of the storage battery; the second end of the fifth switching tube S5 is connected with the first end of the sixth switching tube S6, and the connection point of the second end and the first end is used as the midpoint of the third bridge arm; the second end of the seventh switching tube S7 is connected with the first end of the eighth switching tube S8, and the connection point of the second end and the first end is used as the midpoint of the fourth bridge arm; the middle point of the third bridge arm is connected with the first end of the secondary side (L2 and L3 in the figure) of the transformer, and the middle point of the fourth bridge arm is connected with the second end of the secondary side (L2 and L3) of the transformer.
The high-voltage side active bridge 3 is connected with a high-voltage storage battery with the battery voltage ofThe low-voltage side active bridge 4 is connected to a low-voltage side battery, the battery voltage being +.>Each port of the transformer is an active full bridge. The working frequencies of all active full bridges are consistent, and square wave voltage with the duty ratio of 50% is output during working. Each energy transfer direction of the three active bridge converters can be regarded as a double active bridge converter, and the topology structure can enable the power flow to flow in multiple directions among the three-port converters.
The present embodiment provides a hydrogen fuel cell vehicular DC/DC converter including: a controller, a three-active bridge converter, wherein the three-active bridge converter comprises: primary side active bridge, high side active bridge, low side active bridge; the input end of the primary side active bridge is connected with a power grid to acquire a power grid signal, and the midpoints of all bridge arms of the primary side active bridge are connected with the primary side of the transformer; the middle points of all bridge arms of the high-voltage side active bridge are connected with the secondary side of the transformer, and the output end of the high-voltage side active bridge is connected with the high-voltage storage battery; the middle points of all bridge arms of the low-voltage side active bridge are connected with the secondary side of the transformer, and the output end of the low-voltage side active bridge is connected with the low-voltage storage battery; the controller is used for acquiring a user instruction and controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three active bridge converters according to the user instruction so as to control the working state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Therefore, the technical scheme provided by the application controls the on-off time of the switching tube of the three-active bridge converter through the controller so as to change the working state of the charger without using a DC/DC converter, thereby reducing the equipment cost. Meanwhile, the storage battery can influence the power grid through the transformer, so that the multidirectional flow of energy between the power grid and the battery is realized, and the performance of the power grid is optimized.
In the operation process of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the operation state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle at least comprises: a high voltage battery state of charge, a low voltage battery state of charge, and a high voltage battery state of discharge; correspondingly, the user instruction includes: a high voltage battery charge command, a low voltage battery charge command, and a high voltage battery discharge command.
When the user command is a high-voltage storage battery charging command, controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three-active bridge converter according to the user command so as to control the working state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle comprises the following steps: the primary side active bridge 2 and the high voltage side active bridge 3 are controlled to be conducted, the low voltage side active bridge 4 is controlled to be turned off, and the phase of the primary side active bridge 2 is advanced to the phase of the high voltage side active bridge 3.
When the user command is a low-voltage storage battery charging command, controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three-active bridge converter according to the user command so as to control the working state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle comprises the following steps: the high-voltage side active bridge 3, the primary side active bridge 2 and the low-voltage side active bridge 4 are controlled to be conducted, and the phase of the primary side active bridge 2 is advanced to the high-voltage side active bridge 3, and the phase of the high-voltage side active bridge 3 is advanced to the low-voltage side active bridge 4.
When the user command is a high-voltage storage battery discharging command, controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three-active bridge converter according to the user command so as to control the working state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle comprises the following steps: the primary side active bridge 2 and the high side active bridge 3 are controlled to conduct, and the phase of the primary side active bridge 2 lags behind the high side active bridge 3.
In analyzing the DC/DC converter for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle shown in FIG. 1, three active full bridges can be decoupled and decomposed into three independent double active bridge circuits, and FIG. 2 is the applicationIn the structure diagram of the dual active bridge circuit provided in the embodiment, after three active full bridges are decoupled, the dual active bridge circuit formed by the primary active bridge 2 and the high-voltage side active bridge 3 is shown in fig. 2, and in this embodiment, each dual active bridge circuit is analyzed by taking fig. 2 as an example. In the analysis process, the switching tubes on the primary side can be divided into two groups of a first switching tube S1, a second switching tube S2, a third switching tube S3 and a fourth switching tube S4, when the first switching tube S1 is conducted, the second switching tube S2 is turned off, when the third switching tube S3 is conducted, the fourth switching tube S4 is turned off, and the switching states of the first switching tube S1 and the third switching tube S3 are opposite. Thereby producing a magnitude of at port ABIs a complete square wave of (c). Similarly, the switching tubes of the secondary side can be divided into two groups of fifth switching tube S5 and sixth switching tube S6, seventh switching tube S7 and eighth switching tube S8, so as to generate amplitude value of +_>Is a square wave of (c). A phase shift angle +.>When the phase of the active full bridge of the primary leads the secondary side, the +.>>0, the circuit works positively, and the power flows from the primary side to the secondary side; when the phase lag of the active full bridge on the primary side is equal to that on the secondary side,/the phase lag is equal to that on the primary side><And 0, the circuit works reversely, and the power is returned to the primary side from the secondary side. />The effective working range of (E) is [ -pi, pi]Within the interval. The three phase shift modulation strategy adds the inner shift angle on the bridge arm in the two full bridges on the basis of the outer shift angles of the two active full bridges>Is->As shown. The working range of the internal shift phase angle is，/>。
Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of a DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle under a three-shift modulation strategy, wherein,is the potential difference between the midpoint of the second bridge arm (point B) and the midpoint of the first bridge arm (point A),/>As shown in fig. 3, the working process of the charging device includes:
stage one%): at->At this point in time, the inductor current increases from zero and the current direction changes. In the time period, the primary side S1 and the secondary side S4 are conducted, the secondary side S5 and the secondary side S7 are conducted, and under the action of a power supply, the voltage of the two ends of the equivalent inductor of the DAB circuit is +.>Is->The derivative of the inductor current is the maximum forward value, and the current is continuously increased. At this time, the current passes through the primary voltage source, the switching tube S1, the switching tube S4, the switching tube S7 and the diode D5, and does not pass through the secondary voltage source. During this phase, the inductor current is continuously increasing. Fig. 4 shows a first stage of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converterAn operating state diagram.
Stage two%): at->At this time, as the switching tube state changes, the primary sides S1 and S4 remain on, the secondary sides S6 and S7 are off, and the switching tubes S5 and S8 are on. The current direction is still forward at this time, but S6 and S7 have been turned off, so the current passes through the reverse diodes of S5 and S8. At this time the voltage across the equivalent inductance +.>Is->The derivative of the inductor current decreases, but the current level is still increasing until +.>The moment reaches a maximum. The current at this time passes through the primary voltage source, the switching tube S1, the switching tube S4, the secondary voltage source, the diode D5, and the diode D8. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an operation state of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in the second stage.
Stage three%): at->At this time, with the switching state of the switching tube changed again, the primary side switching tube S1 is turned off, S4 is turned on, the secondary sides S5 and S8 are turned on, and the current direction is still forward at this time, but S1 is already turned off, so the current passes through the reverse diodes D2 of the switching tubes S4 and S2. Voltage +.>Is->Therefore, the derivative of the inductance current becomes negative, the currentThe decrease starts. At this time, current passes through diode D2 and switching tube S4, diode D5 and diode D8. During this phase, the inductor current continues to decrease. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an operation state of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in the third stage.
Stage four%): at->At this time, the inductor current direction is positive. In the time period, the primary side S2 and the secondary side S4 are conducted, the secondary side S6 and the secondary side S8 are conducted, the voltage at the two sides of the inductor is zero, and the voltage at the two ends of the equivalent inductor of the DAB circuit is +.>At 0, the derivative of the inductor current is 0, and the current level remains unchanged. At this time, the current passes through the diode D2, the diode D4, the diode D5, and the eighth switching tube S8. The inductor current remains unchanged until the next operating state. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an operation state of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in the stage four.
Stage five%): at->At this time, as the switching tube state changes, the primary sides S2 and S3 remain on, the secondary sides S5 and S7 turn off, and the switching tubes S6 and S8 turn on. The current direction is still forward, but S5 has been turned off, so the current passes through the reverse diode D8 of the switching transistors S6 and S8. At this time the voltage across the equivalent inductance +.>Is->The inductor current slope is thus at a negative maximum, and the current continues to decrease until +.>The moment reaches the zero point. At this time, current passes through diode D2, diode D3, secondary side voltage source, switching tube S6, and diode D8. The inductor current continues to decrease to zero and the circuit enters the negative half cycle. Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an operation state of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in the fifth stage.
In a specific implementation, three phase shift control has six modes of operation. The different relationships between the phase shift angles during power forward transmission results in different modes of operation of the circuit. Three phase shift modulation sharing，/>And->Three variables, according to the magnitude relation of the three variables, the primary side output alternating current square wave voltage +.>Output alternating square wave voltage with secondary side +.>Is a relative positional relationship of (a) and (b). Dividing the operation modes into six operation modes according to the position relation, wherein the operation modes comprise:
mode one: primary sideFalling edge of (2) falls behind the secondary edge +.>Positive rising edge, and primary side +.>Leading the rising edge of (2) leading the secondary edge->A reverse rising edge. There is +.>And->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter in a mode one.
Mode two: primary sideLeading the trailing edge +.>The opposite rising edge, in this case +.>And (2) andthe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fig. 10 is a waveform diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter in the second mode.
Mode three: primary sideLeading the trailing edge +.>And the primary side +.>Leading the secondary side of the rising edge of (c)A reverse rising edge. There is +.>And->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fig. 11 is a waveform diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter in the third mode.
Mode four: primary sideLeading the rising edge of (2) leading the secondary edge->Reverse rising edge, but primary side +>Falling edge of (2) falls behind the secondary edge +.>A reverse rising edge and the rising edge of the primary side VAB is behind the secondary side +.>A reverse rising edge. There is +.>And->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fig. 12 is a waveform diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter in the fourth mode.
Mode five: primary sideThe rising edge of (2) is behind the secondary edge +.>Positive rising edge, in this case +.>And (2) andthe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fig. 13 is a waveform diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter in the fifth mode.
Mode six: primary sideLeading the trailing edge +.>Positive rising edge, and primary side voltage +.>The rising edge of (2) falls behind the secondary side voltage +.>A reverse rising edge. There is +.>And->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fig. 14 is a waveform diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle DC/DC converter in the sixth mode. Because the time sequence waveforms of the forward operation and the reverse operation have symmetry, the forward operation and the reverse operation can be analyzed by the same thought, so that only the working state of the forward operation of the circuit is analyzed, and the reverse operation is not described in detail.
In the specific implementation, ifAnd->And meanwhile, the current is positive or negative, so that potential difference exists on the inductor at the moment, current flows through the power supply, and the power can be directly transmitted. While all modes except mode one are present +.>×/>And less than or equal to 0, the converter needs to transfer power into the inductor at first, then the energy stored in the inductor is released to the output end in the next working stage, and the energy cannot be directly transferred. This time requires diode freewheeling. As a preferred embodiment, the first switching tube S1, the second switching tube S2, the third switching tube S3, the fourth switching tube S4, the fifth switching tube S5, the sixth switching tube S6, the seventh switching tube S7, and the eighth switching tube S8 are all switching tubes with freewheeling diodes; the transformer is a high frequency isolation transformer.
Further, freewheeling by means of a diode may lead to an increase in converter losses, which may reduce the power transfer efficiency of the charging device. To solve this problem, the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle may be operated in a mode one state.
In addition, the application further provides a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which comprises the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle body, a high-voltage storage battery, a low-voltage storage battery and the like, and is not repeated here.
The present embodiment provides a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle including the above-described DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle including: a controller, a three-active bridge converter, wherein the three-active bridge converter comprises: primary side active bridge, high side active bridge, low side active bridge; the input end of the primary side active bridge is connected with a power grid to acquire a power grid signal, and the midpoints of all bridge arms of the primary side active bridge are connected with the primary side of the transformer; the middle points of all bridge arms of the high-voltage side active bridge are connected with the secondary side of the transformer, and the output end of the high-voltage side active bridge is connected with the high-voltage storage battery; the middle points of all bridge arms of the low-voltage side active bridge are connected with the secondary side of the transformer, and the output end of the low-voltage side active bridge is connected with the low-voltage storage battery; the controller is used for acquiring a user instruction and controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three active bridge converters according to the user instruction so as to control the working state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Therefore, the technical scheme provided by the application controls the on-off time of the switching tube of the three-active bridge converter through the controller so as to change the working state of the charger without an additional DC/DC converter, thereby reducing the equipment cost. Meanwhile, the storage battery can influence the power grid through the transformer, so that the multidirectional flow of energy between the power grid and the battery is realized, and the performance of the power grid is optimized.
The above description is made in detail of a DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle provided in the present application. In the description, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described by the differences from other embodiments, so that the same similar parts among the embodiments are mutually referred. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various improvements and modifications can be made to the present application without departing from the principles of the present application, and such improvements and modifications fall within the scope of the present application.
It should also be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

Claims (8)

1. A DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, comprising:
a controller (1), a three active bridge converter, wherein the three active bridge converter comprises: a primary side active bridge (2), a high voltage side active bridge (3) and a low voltage side active bridge (4);
the input end of the primary side active bridge (2) is connected with a power grid to acquire a power grid signal, and the midpoints of all bridge arms of the primary side active bridge (2) are connected with the primary side of the transformer;
the middle points of all bridge arms of the high-voltage side active bridge (3) are connected with the secondary side of the transformer, and the output end of the high-voltage side active bridge (3) is connected with a high-voltage storage battery;
the middle points of all bridge arms of the low-voltage side active bridge (4) are connected with the secondary side of the transformer, and the output end of the low-voltage side active bridge (4) is connected with a low-voltage storage battery;
the controller (1) is used for acquiring a user instruction and controlling the on-off of each switching tube of the three active bridge converters according to the user instruction so as to control the working state of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; the primary active bridge (2) comprises:
the first capacitor, the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube;
the control ends of the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected with the controller (1);
the first end of the first switch tube, the first end of the third switch tube and the first end of the first capacitor are all connected with the first end of the power grid through an active power correction circuit, and the second end of the first capacitor, the second end of the second switch tube and the second end of the fourth switch tube are all connected with the second end of the power grid through an active power correction circuit;
the second end of the first switching tube is connected with the first end of the second switching tube, and the connection point of the second end of the first switching tube and the first end of the second switching tube is used as a midpoint of a first bridge arm;
the second end of the third switching tube is connected with the first end of the fourth switching tube, and the connection point of the second end and the first end is used as the midpoint of the second bridge arm;
the midpoint of the first bridge arm is connected with the first end of the primary side of the transformer, and the midpoint of the second bridge arm is connected with the second end of the primary side of the transformer; the high-side active bridge (3) and the low-side active bridge (4) each comprise:
the fifth switching tube, the sixth switching tube, the seventh switching tube, the eighth switching tube and the second capacitor;
the first end of the second capacitor, the first end of the fifth switching tube and the first end of the seventh switching tube are all connected with the first end of the storage battery, and the second end of the second capacitor, the second end of the sixth switching tube and the second end of the eighth switching tube are all connected with the second end of the storage battery;
the second end of the fifth switching tube is connected with the first end of the sixth switching tube, and the connection point of the second end and the first end is used as the midpoint of the third bridge arm;
the second end of the seventh switching tube is connected with the first end of the eighth switching tube, and the connection point of the second end and the first end is used as the midpoint of a fourth bridge arm;
the control end of the fifth switching tube, the control end of the sixth switching tube, the control end of the seventh switching tube and the control end of the eighth switching tube are all connected with the controller (1);
the midpoint of the third bridge arm is connected with the first end of the secondary side of the transformer, and the midpoint of the fourth bridge arm is connected with the second end of the secondary side of the transformer;
under the control of the controller (1), the working modes of the DC/DC converter for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle can be divided into six types according to primary side output voltage and secondary side output voltage:
mode one: primary side output voltageFalling edge of (2) falls behind secondary side output voltage +.>A positive rising edge, wherein the rising edge of the primary side output voltage leads the rising edge of the secondary side output voltage in the reverse direction; there is +.>And->；
Mode two: the falling edge of the primary side output voltage leads the rising edge of the secondary side output voltage in the opposite direction, and at the moment, the falling edge of the primary side output voltage leads the rising edge of the secondary side output voltage in the opposite directionAnd->；
Mode three: the falling edge of the primary side output voltage leads the rising edge of the secondary side output voltage, anThe rising edge of the primary side output voltage leads the rising edge of the secondary side output voltage in the reverse direction; at this time haveAnd->；
Mode four: the rising edge of the primary side output voltage leads the rising edge of the secondary side output voltage in the reverse direction, but the falling edge of the primary side output voltage lags the rising edge of the secondary side output voltage in the reverse direction, and the rising edge of the primary side output voltage VAB lags the rising edge of the secondary side output voltage in the reverse direction;
mode five: the rising edge of the primary output voltage is behind the rising edge of the secondary output voltage in the forward direction, at this timeAnd->；
Mode six: the rising edge of the primary side output voltage leads the rising edge of the secondary side output voltage in the forward direction, and the rising edge of the primary side output voltage lags the rising edge of the secondary side output voltage in the reverse direction; at this time haveAnd->；
Wherein,for shifting the phase angle, the phase difference of the conducting currents of the first switching tube and the fifth switching tube is indicated,/>The effective working range of (E) is [ -pi, pi]，/>And->Is the internal shift angle of the conduction current on the bridge arm in the primary full bridge and the two bridge arms in any secondary full bridge, +.>，/>。
2. The DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein an operation state of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle includes at least: a high voltage battery state of charge, a low voltage battery state of charge, and a high voltage battery state of discharge;
correspondingly, the user instruction includes: a high voltage battery charge command, a low voltage battery charge command, and a high voltage battery discharge command.
3. The DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 2, wherein when the user command is a high-voltage battery charging command, the controlling on/off of each switching tube of the three active bridge converters according to the user command to control the operation state of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle comprises:
and controlling the primary side active bridge (2) and the high voltage side active bridge (3) to be conducted, wherein the low voltage side active bridge (4) is turned off, and the phase of the primary side active bridge (2) is advanced to the phase of the high voltage side active bridge (3).
4. The DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 2, wherein when the user command is a low-voltage battery charging command, the controlling on/off of each switching tube of the three active bridge converters according to the user command to control the operation state of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle comprises:
the high-voltage side active bridge (3), the primary side active bridge (2) and the low-voltage side active bridge (4) are controlled to be conducted, the phase of the primary side active bridge (2) is advanced to the high-voltage side active bridge (3), and the phase of the high-voltage side active bridge (3) is advanced to the low-voltage side active bridge (4).
5. The DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 2, wherein when the user command is a high-voltage battery discharge command, the controlling on/off of each switching tube of the three active bridge converters according to the user command to control the operation state of the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle comprises:
and controlling the primary side active bridge (2) and the high voltage side active bridge (3) to be conducted, wherein the phase of the primary side active bridge (2) lags behind the phase of the high voltage side active bridge (3).
6. The vehicular DC/DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube, the fourth switching tube, the fifth switching tube, the sixth switching tube, the seventh switching tube, and the eighth switching tube are switching tubes each having a freewheel diode.
7. The vehicular DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the transformer is a high-frequency isolation transformer.
8. A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle comprising the DC/DC converter for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
CN202311397711.2A 2023-10-26 2023-10-26 DC/DC converter for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle Active CN117134401B (en)

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