CN117110729A - Layout method of far-field calibration antenna of spherical phased array system - Google Patents
Layout method of far-field calibration antenna of spherical phased array system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117110729A CN117110729A CN202310751337.5A CN202310751337A CN117110729A CN 117110729 A CN117110729 A CN 117110729A CN 202310751337 A CN202310751337 A CN 202310751337A CN 117110729 A CN117110729 A CN 117110729A
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- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a layout method of far-field calibration antennas of a spherical phased array system, which is characterized in that three far-field calibration towers are arranged on a multi-beam spherical phased array antenna system, and each calibration tower is provided with two far-field calibration antennas; and a top calibration antenna is arranged on the spherical phased array antenna radome and is opposite to the top of the spherical array. According to the size of the designed spherical phased array antenna, the invention can determine the installation position to design each calibration antenna. And dividing corresponding calibration areas on the array surface of the spherical phased array antenna according to each corresponding calibration antenna, and completing channel phase calibration on each calibration antenna by the antenna array element on each calibration area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phased array antennas, and particularly relates to a layout method of a far-field calibration antenna of a spherical phased array system.
Background
Due to the technical advantages of multi-beam and multi-target working modes and full-space coverage, in recent years, multi-beam spherical phased array antennas (hereinafter referred to as spherical phased array antennas) are increasingly applied in the fields of aviation, aerospace and the like, and become a hotspot antenna research direction.
One technical feature of the spherical phased array antenna is that it needs to ensure the phase consistency of each antenna element channel during operation. In engineering practice, a mode of erecting calibration antennas around a spherical phased array antenna is generally adopted, and a scheme of carrying out channel phase correction on the calibration antennas by utilizing each antenna array element is utilized to solve the problem. For the spherical phased array antenna system, the erection of the calibration antenna must meet the requirement that the antenna array elements on each direction surface of the spherical array antenna can be used for channel calibration, and meanwhile, the shielding of the calibration antenna on the spherical array antenna and the complexity of the calibration system are considered, so that the number of the calibration antennas is reduced as much as possible under the condition of meeting the system requirement, and the design of the layout of the calibration antenna is required to be careful according to the system requirement.
In the implementation of the spherical phased array antenna, various layout methods for erecting the calibration antenna can be selected, different layouts of the calibration antenna can bring different effects to the performance of an antenna system, and if the layout of the calibration antenna is improperly designed, the problem that the performance of the spherical phased array antenna is reduced can occur, and even the serious condition that the performance of the antenna system cannot reach the design index occurs. The design of the layout of the calibration antenna is a key technical problem for the design of the spherical phased array antenna system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a layout method of far-field calibration antennas of a spherical phased array system, which comprises the steps of installing 3 calibration towers at selected positions around the spherical phased array, installing two calibration antennas at set positions on each calibration tower, installing a top calibration antenna at the dome position of the spherical phased array antenna, totally using 7 calibration antennas in the whole calibration system, and completing the phase calibration of antenna array element channels of the whole spherical phased array antenna through the 7 calibration antennas, so that the performance design index of the spherical phased array antenna can be met by matching the system.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a method of layout of a far field calibration antenna of a spherical phased array system, the method comprising:
3 far-field calibration towers with equal distances from the center point are arranged at the center point of the spherical phased array antenna, an included angle formed by connecting any two calibration towers with the center point is 120 degrees, and the included angle of the calibration antennas on the 3 calibration towers to the array surface of the spherical phased array antenna is 120 degrees;
two far-field calibration antennas are arranged on each calibration tower and are a first calibration antenna and a second calibration antenna respectively, and a dome calibration antenna is arranged on the antenna housing of the spherical phased array antenna and is opposite to the top of the multi-beam spherical phased array.
Further, the first calibration antenna covers an area with a pitch angle of 0-30 degrees on the spherical surface in pitching, the second calibration antenna covers an area with a pitch angle of 30-65 degrees on the spherical surface in pitching, and the coverage area of the dome calibration antenna to the array surface of the spherical phased array antenna is an area with a spherical array top elevation angle of 65-90 degrees.
Further, the calculation mode of the distances from the 3 calibration towers to the central point is as follows:
L＝R×cot(θ0)
wherein L is the distance from the calibration tower to the central point, R is the design radius of the spherical phased array antenna, and theta 0 is the horizontal deflection angle of the calibration antenna.
Further, the value of the theta 0 is between 5 degrees and 15 degrees.
Further, the first calibration antenna has a height from the ground of
H First calibration antenna ＝H0+H1
Wherein H0 is the height of the spherical center of the spherical phased array antenna design from the ground, h1=l×tan (θ2), L is the distance from the calibration tower to the center point, and θ1 is the pitch angle of the first calibration antenna.
Further, the value of θ1 is 10 to 15 degrees.
Further, the second calibration antenna has a height from the ground of
H Second calibration antenna ＝H0+H2
Wherein H0 is the height of the spherical center of the spherical phased array antenna design from the ground,
h2 =l×tan (θ2), L is the distance from the calibration tower to the center point, θ2 is the pitch angle of the second calibration antenna
Further, the value of θ2 is 30-45 degrees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the phase calibration of the antenna array element channel of the whole spherical phased array antenna can be completed jointly through 6 far-field calibration antennas arranged on 3 calibration towers and 7 calibration antennas arranged on the top of the spherical phased array ball. The layout design reduces shielding of the calibration antenna to the calibration system of the spherical phased array antenna, improves performance of the spherical phased array antenna system, and solves a key problem in application of the spherical phased array antenna system.
(2) The invention has the advantages of simple realization, less resource occupation and system design cost reduction. The invention does not need complex circuits, and the implementation method is simpler. According to the invention, 7 calibration antennas are arranged around the spherical array, so that the complexity of the design of the calibration system is minimized, the system realizes the phase calibration function of the whole spherical surface through a software algorithm, the automatic operation is convenient, and the design cost of the system is reduced.
(3) The method has simple design flow, provides specific quantization indexes for the design of the spherical phased array system, gives out specific factors influencing the quantization indexes, and is convenient for optimizing and choosing according to specific situations when the spherical phased array antenna is designed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of three calibration tower layouts for a spherical phased array antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating a distance between a calibration tower of a spherical phased array antenna and a center of the spherical phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a layout of two calibration antennas on a far field calibration tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of two calibration antennas on a far field calibration tower corresponding to spherical phased array antenna calibration areas in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a top calibration antenna layout and a covered calibration area of a spherical phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a top view of a covered calibration area of a top calibration antenna of a spherical phased array antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of calibration area division of an array plane of a spherical phased array antenna corresponding to a calibration antenna according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the implementation of the spherical phased array antenna, various layout methods for erecting the calibration antenna can be selected, different layouts of the calibration antenna can bring different effects to the performance of an antenna system, and if the layout of the calibration antenna is improperly designed, the problem that the performance of the spherical phased array antenna is reduced can occur, and even the serious condition that the performance of the antenna system cannot reach the design index occurs. The design of the layout of the calibration antenna is a key technical problem for the design of the spherical phased array antenna system.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the following embodiments of a layout method of a far-field calibration antenna of a spherical phased array system are provided.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of three calibration tower layouts of the spherical phased array antenna according to the present embodiment. The center point of the spherical phased array antenna is O, and three far-field calibration towers A, B and C are symmetrically arranged around the spherical phased array antenna. The distances from the three far-field calibration towers A, B and C to the sphere center O are equal, and the included angles between the three far-field calibration towers and the sphere center O are 120 degrees. The included angles of FOD, D0E and E0F of the calibration antennas on the calibration towers A, B and C to the array surface of the spherical phased array antenna are 120 degrees.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating a center distance between a calibration tower of the spherical phased array antenna and the spherical phased array antenna according to the embodiment. The distances L from the three far field calibration towers A, B and C to the center of sphere O are calculated according to the following formula:
L＝R×cot(θ0)
wherein: r is the design radius of the spherical phased array antenna;
θ0 is the horizontal deflection angle of the calibration antenna, and the value of the angle is selected from 5 degrees to 15 degrees according to the design requirement of the system.
Taking the radius of the designed spherical phased array antenna as r=3 meters and taking θ1=10 degrees as an example, the distances l= 17.014 meters between the three far-field calibration towers A, B and C and the center O can be calculated according to the above.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the layout of two calibration antennas on the far-field calibration tower according to the present embodiment. Three far field calibration towers A, B and C, each of which is provided with two far field calibration antennas: a far-field calibration antenna A_1 and a far-field calibration antenna A_2 on the far-field calibration tower A; a far-field calibration antenna B_1 and a far-field calibration antenna B_2 on the far-field calibration tower B; the far-field calibration antenna C_1 and the far-field calibration antenna C_2 on the far-field calibration tower C are 6 in total.
The height of the far field calibration antenna 1 from the ground is as follows:
H calibration antenna 1 ＝H0+H1
Wherein: h0 is the height of the sphere center of the spherical phased array antenna design from the ground;
h1 Where L is the distance from the far-field calibration tower to the center of sphere, θ1 is the pitch angle of the far-field calibration antenna 1, and its value is selected between 10 degrees and 15 degrees according to the system design requirement.
The height of the far field calibration antenna 2 from the ground is as follows:
H calibration antenna 2 ＝H0+H2
Wherein: h0 is the height of the sphere center of the spherical phased array antenna design from the ground;
h2 Where L is the distance from the far-field calibration tower to the center of sphere, θ2 is the pitch angle of the far-field calibration antenna 2, and its value is selected between 30 degrees and 45 degrees according to the system design requirement.
According to the design, the radius of the spherical phased array antenna is R=3 meters, θ1=10 degrees are selected, and the distances L= 17.014 meters from the three far-field calibration towers to the sphere center are calculated. If the spherical center of the designed spherical array is away from the ground by a distance H0=5 meters; θ1=10 degrees, θ2=35 degrees are selected, and can be calculated according to the above formula: height H of far field calibration antenna 1 from ground Calibration antenna 1 =8 meters, H Calibration antenna 2 =16.91 meters.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing that two calibration antennas on the far-field calibration tower of the present embodiment correspond to the spherical phased array antenna calibration areas. Three far field calibration towers A, B and C, two far field calibration antennas 1 and 2 on each far field calibration tower, to spherical phased array antenna array face, the coverage on every single move is: the far-field calibration antenna 1 covers a region with a pitch angle of 0-30 degrees on the array surface of the spherical array antenna in pitch; the far field calibration antenna 2 covers a region with a pitch angle of 30-65 degrees on the array surface of the spherical array antenna in pitch.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the layout and coverage calibration area of the top calibration antenna of the spherical phased array antenna according to the present embodiment. Fig. 6 is a top view of the covered calibration area of the top calibration antenna of the spherical phased array antenna of the present embodiment. And installing a spherical top calibration antenna on the antenna housing of the spherical phased array antenna, wherein the spherical top calibration antenna is opposite to the top of the multi-beam spherical phased array. The coverage area of the spherical top calibration antenna to the array surface of the spherical phased array antenna is an area with the elevation angle of the top of the spherical array between 65 degrees and 90 degrees.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the division of calibration areas of the array plane of the spherical phased array antenna according to the present embodiment corresponding to the calibration antenna. According to the design, three far-field calibration towers are arranged on the multi-beam spherical phased array antenna system, and each calibration tower is provided with two far-field calibration antennas; and a top calibration antenna is arranged on the spherical phased array antenna radome and is opposite to the top of the spherical array. The system is provided with 7 calibration antennas in total, and the array surface of the whole spherical phased array antenna is divided into 7 corresponding calibration areas. Wherein the top calibration antenna corresponds to a top calibration area of the spherical phased array antenna; the far-field calibration antenna A_1 on the far-field calibration tower A corresponds to the calibration area A_1, and the far-field calibration antenna A_2 corresponds to the calibration area A_2; the far-field calibration antenna B_1 on the far-field calibration tower B corresponds to the calibration area B_1, and the far-field calibration antenna B_2 corresponds to the calibration area B_2; the far field calibration antenna c_1 on the far field calibration tower C corresponds to the calibration area c_1, and the far field calibration antenna c_2 corresponds to the calibration area c_2. The 7 calibration antennas cooperate with the system to jointly complete the calibration work of the antenna array element channel phases of the whole spherical phased array antenna.
According to the embodiment, each calibration antenna can be designed according to the size of the designed spherical phased array antenna by determining the mounting position. And dividing corresponding calibration areas on the array surface of the spherical phased array antenna according to each corresponding calibration antenna, and completing channel phase calibration on each calibration antenna by the antenna array element on each calibration area. The method is simple and reliable, consumes hardware resources, can effectively reduce the shielding of the calibration antenna to the spherical array antenna, and meets the channel phase calibration requirement of the antenna array elements of the full array plane. The spherical phased array antenna system meeting engineering requirements can be designed in engineering practice by using the method.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for layout of a far field calibration antenna of a spherical phased array system, the method comprising:
3 far-field calibration towers with equal distances from the center point are arranged at the center point of the spherical phased array antenna, an included angle formed by connecting any two calibration towers with the center point is 120 degrees, and the included angle of the calibration antennas on the 3 calibration towers to the array surface of the spherical phased array antenna is 120 degrees;
two far-field calibration antennas are arranged on each calibration tower and are a first calibration antenna and a second calibration antenna respectively, and a dome calibration antenna is arranged on the antenna housing of the spherical phased array antenna and is opposite to the top of the multi-beam spherical phased array.
2. The method for arranging far-field calibration antennas of a spherical phased array system according to claim 1, wherein the first calibration antenna covers a region with a pitch angle of 0-30 degrees on a spherical surface in pitch, the second calibration antenna covers a region with a pitch angle of 30-65 degrees on a spherical surface in pitch, and the coverage area of the dome calibration antenna to an array plane of the spherical phased array antenna is a region with a spherical array top elevation angle of 65-90 degrees.
3. The method for arranging far-field calibration antennas of a spherical phased array system according to claim 1, wherein the distances from the 3 calibration towers to the central point are calculated by the following ways:
L＝R×cot(θ0)
wherein L is the distance from the calibration tower to the central point, R is the design radius of the spherical phased array antenna, and theta 0 is the horizontal deflection angle of the calibration antenna.
4. The method for laying out a far field calibration antenna of a spherical phased array system of claim 2, wherein the θ0 is between 5 degrees and 15 degrees.
5. The method of laying out a far field calibration antenna for a spherical phased array system of claim 2, wherein the first calibration antenna has a height from ground of
H First calibration antenna ＝H0+H1
Wherein H0 is the height of the spherical center of the spherical phased array antenna design from the ground, h1=l×tan (θ2), L is the distance from the calibration tower to the center point, and θ1 is the pitch angle of the first calibration antenna.
6. The method for laying out a far field calibration antenna of a spherical phased array system of claim 5, wherein the θ1 value is 10 degrees to 15 degrees.
7. The method of laying out far field calibration antennas of a spherical phased array system of claim 2, wherein the second calibration antenna has a height from ground of
H Second calibration antenna ＝H0+H2
Wherein H0 is the height of the spherical center of the spherical phased array antenna design from the ground,
h2 =l×tan (02), L is the distance from the calibration tower to the center point, θ2 is the pitch angle of the second calibration antenna.
8. The method for laying out a far field calibration antenna of a spherical phased array system of claim 7, wherein the θ2 value is 30 degrees to 45 degrees.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310751337.5A CN117110729A (en) | 2023-06-25 | 2023-06-25 | Layout method of far-field calibration antenna of spherical phased array system |
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| CN202310751337.5A CN117110729A (en) | 2023-06-25 | 2023-06-25 | Layout method of far-field calibration antenna of spherical phased array system |
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