CN117089270A - coating system - Google Patents
coating system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117089270A CN117089270A CN202311047590.9A CN202311047590A CN117089270A CN 117089270 A CN117089270 A CN 117089270A CN 202311047590 A CN202311047590 A CN 202311047590A CN 117089270 A CN117089270 A CN 117089270A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- coating composition
- composition
- resin
- substrate
- Prior art date
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- Pending
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DQYBDCGIPTYXML-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCOCC DQYBDCGIPTYXML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 25
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- -1 and the like Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZZSIDSMUTXFKNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perylene red Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1N(C(=O)C=1C2=C3C4=C(OC=5C=CC=CC=5)C=1)C(=O)C2=CC(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)=C3C(C(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)=CC1=C2C(C(N(C=3C(=CC=CC=3C(C)C)C(C)C)C1=O)=O)=C1)=C2C4=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZZSIDSMUTXFKNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 2
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003009 polyurethane dispersion Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)O RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPGSWASWQBLSKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCO UPGSWASWQBLSKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCO BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical class O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006150 hyperbranched polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QNLOWBMKUIXCOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N indol-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(=O)C=C21 QNLOWBMKUIXCOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGFUBBNNYLNVLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolone Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=NC2=C1 FGFUBBNNYLNVLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
- B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/542—No clear coat specified the two layers being cured or baked together
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
- C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
- C08K2003/0812—Aluminium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
A coating system is disclosed comprising: a lower coating layer formed from a first coating composition comprising an effect pigment, and an upper coating layer formed from a second coating composition, the first coating composition and the second coating composition being cured simultaneously, wherein the lower coating layer has a dry film thickness of 8 to 15 μm and the upper coating layer has a dry film thickness of 4 to 8 μm. Also disclosed is a coated substrate comprising a substrate and the above coating system applied to at least a portion of the substrate. A method of coating a substrate is also disclosed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coatings, in particular to a coating system, which is particularly suitable for automobile coating and has excellent color effect.
Background
High saturation color, large color difference at different angles, and low particle flicker metal color are increasingly favored by the automobile industry. In order to achieve such color effects, the coating technologies on the market mainly adopt 2 major categories:
the first method is to use color varnish, but this technique cannot share varnish with other colors, needs to occupy an additional paint system, and the miscibility of varnish and an underlying metal layer also tends to reduce aluminum powder orientation, reduce color differences at different angles, and easily create defects of uneven color.
The second method is a three-coating technology, namely, common transparent varnish is used, but colored transparent paint with color paste only is sprayed on the metal layer, so that the color effect of high chroma is achieved. However, the miscibility of the upper layer and the lower layer can cause the loss of color effect, so that some paint manufacturers adopt a method of spraying the upper layer after baking the lower layer, but the method needs to additionally add an oven, improves the use of energy sources, reduces the yield, and is contrary to the current environment-friendly policy.
In addition, in order to achieve high chroma, some technologies need to partially color the aluminum powder sheet through soaking, electroplating and other ways, and the complexity of technical implementation is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The present inventors have made extensive studies with respect to the above-mentioned technical problems, and developed a coating system. The coating system can be coated by adopting a wet-on-wet process, does not need to carry out coloring treatment on aluminum powder sheets, does not need to adopt color varnish, provides excellent color effect, and meets the performance requirements of the application fields such as automobiles and the like on the coating.
The present invention provides a coating system comprising: a lower coating layer formed from a first coating composition comprising an effect pigment, and an upper coating layer formed from a second coating composition, the first coating composition and the second coating composition being cured simultaneously, wherein the lower coating layer has a dry film thickness of 8 to 15 μm and the upper coating layer has a dry film thickness of 4 to 8 μm.
The application also provides a coated substrate comprising a substrate and the above coating system applied to at least a portion of the substrate.
The application also provides a method of coating a substrate comprising:
applying a first coating composition comprising an effect pigment to form a lower coating layer,
applying a second coating composition over at least a portion of the lower coating layer to form an upper coating layer,
simultaneously curing the first coating composition and the second coating composition,
wherein the under coating layer has a dry film thickness of 8 to 15 μm and the over coating layer has a dry film thickness of 4 to 8 μm.
The features and advantages of the present application will be presented in more detail in the following detailed description of the embodiments.
Detailed Description
In the present application, the use of the singular includes the plural and plural encompasses singular, unless explicitly stated otherwise. For example, although reference is made herein to "a" resin, one or more of such substances may be used.
In the present application, the terms "comprising," "including," and "containing," etc. do not limit the application to exclude any variants or additions. Furthermore, although the present application has been described in terms of "comprising" and the like, the coating compositions, methods of preparation, and the like, as detailed herein, can also be described as "consisting essentially of … …" or "consisting of … …". In this case, "consisting essentially of … …" means that any additional ingredients do not have a substantial effect on the properties of the coating formed from the coating composition.
In the present application, unless explicitly stated otherwise, "or" means "and/or" is used even if "and/or" may be explicitly used in some cases. In addition, it should be understood that any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of "1 to 10" is intended to include all subranges between the minimum value of 1 recited and the maximum value of 10 recited (inclusive), i.e., all subranges having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value of equal to or less than 10.
Except in the examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numerical values set forth in the description and claims are to be understood as modified in all instances in light of the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present application. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the application are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. However, any one value inherently has certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in its respective testing measurements.
The invention relates to a coating system comprising: a lower coating layer formed from a first coating composition comprising an effect pigment, and an upper coating layer formed from a second coating composition, the first coating composition and the second coating composition being cured simultaneously, wherein the lower coating layer has a dry film thickness of 8 to 15 μm and the upper coating layer has a dry film thickness of 4 to 8 μm.
The coating system according to the invention can be applied using a wet-on-wet process. The term "wet-on-wet" is also called "overcoating and baking" and means that the intermediate coating baking step is omitted, and two or more coatings are applied and then baked simultaneously. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the multiple coating-one bake process may include flash drying each of the applied coatings. The "flash-off" is the process of evaporating the solvent in the coating composition.
In the coating system according to the invention, the cooperation of the thinner upper coating with the thicker lower coating avoids sagging, blobbing, etc. appearance problems, while the lower pigment-to-pigment ratio in the lower coating improves the overall mechanical properties of the coating system.
As used herein, the term "simultaneous curing" refers to simultaneous curing of a first coating composition and a second coating composition into a film, the first coating composition being uncured while the second coating composition is applied. By "cured" is meant that at least a portion of the ingredients in the coating composition are polymerized and/or crosslinked, or dried to form a hardened coating film.
Suitably, the first and second coating compositions and optionally one or more other coating compositions may be cured simultaneously. The other coating compositions may form a coating layer below the lower coating layer and/or a coating layer above the upper coating layer.
Suitably, the first coating composition and the second coating composition may be cured by means of heat. For example, the first and second coating compositions according to the present invention are curable at 140 ℃ for 20 minutes. By "curable" it is meant that after baking at 140 ℃ for 20 minutes, the resulting coating has a MEK double rub value of at least 50 times, suitably even at least 100 times.
Suitably, the under-coating formed by the first coating composition is flash-dried after application of the first coating composition and before application of the second coating composition. Suitably, the first coating composition, the second coating composition, and/or optionally one or more other coating compositions may independently flash dry at room temperature (e.g., 23 ℃) for 1 to 15 minutes.
As used herein, the term "dry film thickness" refers to the thickness of a coating formed from a coating composition after it has been fully cured. The "dry film thickness" can be obtained by measurement with a commercially available film thickness meter.
In the coating system of the present invention, the topcoat may have a dry film thickness of 4 to 8 μm. For example, the topcoat may have a dry film thickness of 4 μm,5 μm,6 μm,7 μm or 8 μm.
In the coating system of the present invention, the under-coating layer may have a dry film thickness of 8 to 15 μm. For example, the under-coating may have a dry film thickness of 8 μm,9 μm,10 μm,11 μm,12 μm,13 μm,14 μm or 15 μm.
In the coating system of the present invention, the first coating composition forming the under-coating layer comprises an effect pigment. By effect pigment is meant a pigment that provides a metallic effect to the coating, which may include aluminum powder pigments and/or mica powder pigments. The effect pigment may include a surface treated and/or non-surface treated effect pigment. The non-surface treated effect pigment may be pre-coated with a passivating agent prior to use.
Suitably, the effect pigment may comprise a silver-based effect pigment, such as silver-based aluminum powder. The silver-element effect pigment refers to a flaky effect pigment having a silver-element morphology. Suitably, the effect pigment may have a ratio of caliper of 50 to 200, such as a ratio of caliper of 70 to 200, for example a ratio of caliper of 100 to 200. The "radial thickness ratio" refers to the ratio of the diameter to the thickness of the pigment.
Suitably, the effect pigment may have a particle size of greater than 30000cm 2 /g WCA. WCA refers to the water surface area of the aluminum powder, i.e., the area per gram of aluminum powder that is continuously arranged in a monolayer of particles on the water surface with no visible voids between the particles. The WCA can be determined according to the GB/T3173-1982 standard.
In order to obtain a higher FI value, the effect pigment may comprise a pigment having a narrow particle size distribution. The particle size distribution can be expressed in a metric form as a cumulative particle size distribution curve, wherein the percentages of particles smaller than a certain size are respectively derived. For example, D10 (particle diameter corresponding to the number of cumulative particle size distributions reaching 10%), D50 (particle diameter corresponding to the number of cumulative particle size distributions reaching 50%), and D90 (particle diameter corresponding to the number of cumulative particle size distributions reaching 90%). In this context, the narrow particle size distribution, i.e., (D90-D10)/D50, can be characterized by calculating the particle size span. Suitably, the effect pigment may have a particle size span of less than 1.5.
In order to achieve the desired sparkling effect, the effect pigment may have a D50 particle size of from 5 to 25 μm, suitably a D50 particle size of from 5 to 20 μm, such as a D50 particle size of from 5 to 15 μm, even a D50 particle size of from 5 to 10 μm. In this context, the particle size can be obtained by means of commercially available particle size meter measurements.
The effect pigment may be present in an amount of 5wt% or more, 6wt% or more, 7wt% or more, and/or 15wt% or less, 13wt% or less, 10wt% or less based on the total solids weight of the first coating composition. The effect pigment may be present in an amount of 5 to 15wt%,6 to 13wt%,7 to 10wt%, or in any range ending in the above values, based on the total solids weight of the first coating composition. Herein, the total solids weight of the first coating composition refers to the total weight remaining after evaporation of the solvent in the coating composition.
The effect pigment may be present in an amount of 0.3wt% or more, 0.5wt% or more, 1wt% or more, and/or 5wt% or less, 3wt% or less, 2wt% or less, based on the total weight of the first coating composition. The effect pigment may be present in an amount of 0.3 to 5wt%,0.5 to 3wt%,1 to 2wt%, or in any range ending in the above values, based on the total weight of the first coating composition.
The first coating composition may also include other pigments, which refer to pigments other than the effect pigments described above. Pigments suitable for use in the first coating composition may include inorganic pigments such as carbon black, titanium white, iron red, and the like, and/or organic pigments such as azo, phthalocyanine, perylene, and the like.
The content of pigment (effect pigment and optionally other pigments) in the first coating composition may be expressed by pigment base ratio. The "pigment base ratio (P/B)" refers to the solids weight ratio of the pigment (effect pigment and optionally other pigments) in the first coating composition to the binder (i.e., film-forming resin) in the first coating composition. Suitably, the first coating composition has a pigment ratio of from 0.02 to 0.3, such as a pigment ratio of from 0.02 to 0.1.
The specific pigments described above are advantageous in that the under-coating layer formed by the first coating composition attains a high FI value and a low flicker degree, and the specific pigments have a low pigment base ratio in the first coating composition, which is advantageous in achieving good mechanical properties.
In addition, in the coating system according to the invention, the formulation of the first coating composition and the second coating composition takes into account the compatibility between the ingredients, avoiding miscibility between the resulting under-coating and over-coating.
The film-forming material in the first coating composition may include a high Tg acrylic resin and a high Tg polyurethane resin, wherein the high Tg acrylic resin and the high Tg polyurethane resin are different from each other. Suitably, the weight ratio of the high Tg acrylic resin to the high Tg polyurethane resin may be from 10 to 80:5 to 50, such as from 30 to 50:10 to 30. The combination of the high Tg acrylic resin and the high Tg polyurethane resin forms a compact and stable coating structure, so that the penetration of organic solvents of other coatings is reduced; also, the film-forming resin is selected to impart mechanical properties to the coating to meet various application requirements while facilitating the orientation of the effect pigment in the first coating composition.
The acrylic resin refers to a polymer having a (meth) acrylic monomer as a basic component. By "base component" it is meant that the (meth) acrylic monomer in the polymer comprises at least 70wt%, for example at least 80wt%, such as at least 90wt%, of all polymerized monomers.
The high Tg acrylic resin may have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of greater than 40 ℃, suitably > 40 to 150 ℃. The glass transition temperature can be measured by dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis (DMA) using a TA Instruments Q800 instrument, parameters: the frequency was 10Hz, the amplitude was 5mm, the temperature ramp was-100℃to 250℃and Tg was determined as the peak of the tan delta curve according to ASTM D7028.
Suitably, the high Tg acrylic resin may have a hydroxyl number of from 10 to 100mgKOH/g, such as from 20 to 80 mgKOH/g. The hydroxyl value refers to milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) equivalent to hydroxyl groups in 1 gram of the resin. Suitably, the high Tg acrylic resin may have an acid number of from 1 to 70mgKOH/g, such as an acid number of from 10 to 50 mgKOH/g. The acid number refers to the milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acid in 1 gram of resin. Suitably, the high Tg acrylic resin may have an average particle size of 100 to 5000nm, such as an average particle size of 500 to 3000 nm. The particle size may be measured by laser diffraction.
Suitably, the high Tg acrylic resin may be in the form of a dispersion or emulsion having 20 to 60wt% solids. The term "solids" refers to the percentage of the mass of the original dispersion/emulsion that remains after evaporation of the solvent in the dispersion/emulsion. The high Tg acrylic resin dispersion/emulsion has good film forming properties and can be dried rapidly.
The high Tg acrylic resin may be present in an amount of 2wt% or more, 3wt% or more, 4wt% or more, and/or 15wt% less, 10wt% or less, 8wt% or less, based on the total weight of the first coating composition. The high Tg acrylic resin may be present in the coating composition in a range of from 2 to 15wt%, suitably from 3 to 10wt%, such as from 4 to 8wt%, or any other combination using these endpoints, based on the total weight of the first coating composition.
The polyurethane resin refers to a polymer whose repeating unit includes a urethane group. The polyurethane may comprise a polymer of at least 50wt% organic units, for example at least 70wt%, such as at least 90wt% organic units, linked by urethane linkages. Herein, the organic unit comprises one or more residues selected from the group consisting of: simple diols such as butanediol, polyester diol, polyether diol, polycarbonate diol, and the like.
The high Tg polyurethane resin may have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of greater than 30 ℃, suitably > 30-80 ℃. The glass transition temperature can be measured by dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis (DMA) using a TA Instruments Q800 instrument, parameters: the frequency was 10Hz, the amplitude was 5mm, the temperature ramp was-100℃to 250℃and Tg was determined as the peak of the tan delta curve according to ASTM D7028.
Suitably, the high Tg polyurethane resin may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 2000 to 200000, such as a weight average molecular weight of 5000 to 150000. The weight average molecular weight may be determined by gel permeation chromatography using a suitable standard such as a polystyrene standard.
Suitably, the high Tg polyurethane resin may be in the form of a dispersion or emulsion having 20 to 60wt% solids. The term "solids" refers to the percentage of the mass of the original dispersion or emulsion that remains after evaporation of the solvent in the dispersion or emulsion. When the polyurethane resin is in the form of a dispersion or emulsion, the weight average molecular weight of the above polyurethane resin refers to the molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble fraction of the dispersion or emulsion. The high Tg polyurethane dispersion or emulsion has a fast drying speed and good chemical resistance after film formation.
The Tg polyurethane resin may be present in an amount of 1wt% or more, 2wt% or more, 3wt% or more, and/or 18wt% or less, 15wt% or less, 10wt% or less based on the total weight of the first coating composition. The high Tg polyurethane resin may be present in the coating composition in a range of from 1 to 18wt%, suitably from 2 to 15wt%, such as from 3 to 10wt%, or any other combination using these endpoints, based on the total weight of the first coating composition.
The film-forming resin in the first coating composition may also include a polyester resin. The polyester resin refers to a polymer produced by a polyesterification reaction of a polyhydric alcohol, which is a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups per molecule, and a polybasic acid, which is a compound having two or more carboxyl groups per molecule.
Suitably, the polyester resin may have a hydroxyl number of from 10 to 100mgKOH/g, such as a hydroxyl number of at least 20 to 80 mgKOH/g. The hydroxyl value refers to milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) equivalent to hydroxyl groups in 1 gram of the resin. Suitably, the polyester resin may have an acid value of 1 to 100mg KOH/g, such as an acid value of 10 to 70mg KOH/g. The acid number refers to the milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acid in 1 gram of resin.
The polyester resin may be present in an amount of 0.1wt% or more, 0.5wt% or more, and/or 5wt% or less, 3wt% or less, based on the total weight of the first coating composition. The polyester resin may be present in the coating composition in a range of 0.1 to 5wt%, suitably 0.5 to 3wt%, or any other combination using these endpoints, based on the total weight of the first coating composition.
The film-forming resin in the first coating composition may also include a melamine formaldehyde resin. The melamine formaldehyde resin may be cross-linked and immobilized with the high Tg acrylic resin, high Tg polyurethane resin, and/or polyester resin described above, enhancing the film forming properties of the first coating composition and promoting cure. The melamine formaldehyde resin may be one melamine formaldehyde resin or a combination of a plurality of different melamine formaldehyde resins. In the melamine formaldehyde resin or the combination of melamine formaldehyde resins, the ratio of the sum of imino groups and methylol groups to the functional groups of the alkoxy groups is from 5/80 to 50/50.
The melamine formaldehyde resin may be 1wt% or more, 3wt% or more, and/or 15wt% or less, 10wt% or less, based on the total weight of the first coating composition. The melamine formaldehyde resin may be present in the coating composition in a range of about 1 to 15wt%, suitably 3 to 10wt%, or any other combination using these endpoints, based on the total weight of the first coating composition.
The first coating composition may also include a solvent. The solvent may include water, and optionally an organic solvent. Suitably, the organic solvent may comprise an alcohol and/or ether organic solvent. The solvent may be present in an amount of 40 to 70wt% based on the total weight of the first coating composition.
The first coating composition may also include one or more of the following additional auxiliary components: thickeners, wetting aids, pinhole aids, curing catalysts, defoamers, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, adhesion promoters, surface leveling agents, pH adjusters, substrate wetting agents, fillers, and the like. When present, each of these auxiliary components is present in an amount of 10wt% or less based on the total weight of the first coating composition.
The first coating composition according to the invention may be an aqueous coating composition. Herein, the term "aqueous" means that the solvent of the coating composition contains at least 50wt% water.
The first coating composition according to the invention may have a low VOC content of less than 420 g/L. The VOC value is a VOC value measured without water, which can be obtained by detecting the component content of each organic compound in the composition by gas chromatography and then adding the component contents.
Suitably, the first coating composition according to the invention may have a solids content of more than 10 and not more than 17 wt%. By "solids content" is meant the solids content in the coating composition, which can be obtained by determining the ratio of the weight of the coating composition after complete evaporation of the solvent to the total weight of the coating composition.
The first coating composition may be a one-part coating composition. By "one component" is meant that all film forming resins (i.e., binders), pigments, fillers, solvents, and/or adjuvants, etc. of the coating composition are packaged in a single container, and thus have the advantage of being convenient to store and use.
The film-forming materials in the second coating composition may include acrylic resins, polyurethane resins, amino resins, and optionally polyester resins. Suitably, the weight ratio of the acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, amino resin and polyester resin is from 5 to 50:5 to 30:3 to 40:0 to 15. The specific combination of film-forming resins provides the desired mechanical properties and high chroma to the coating formed from the second coating composition without adversely affecting the FI value and low flicker of the under-coating of the first coating composition in the coating system of the present invention.
The acrylic resin refers to a polymer having a (meth) acrylic monomer as a basic component. By "base component" it is meant that the (meth) acrylic monomer in the polymer comprises at least 70wt%, for example at least 80wt%, such as at least 90wt%, of all polymerized monomers.
The acrylic resin may have a hydroxyl value of 20 to 200mgKOH/g, such as 20 to 80 mgKOH/g. The hydroxyl value refers to milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) equivalent to hydroxyl groups in 1 gram of the resin. Suitably, the acrylic resin may have an acid value of from 10 to 50 mgKOH/g. The acid number refers to the milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acid in 1 gram of resin. Suitably, the acrylic resin may have an average particle size of 100 to 3000nm, such as 500 to 2000 nm. The particle size may be measured by laser diffraction. Suitably, the acrylic resin may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1000 to 20000, such as a weight average molecular weight of 5000 to 10000. The weight average molecular weight may be determined by gel permeation chromatography using a suitable standard such as a polystyrene standard.
Suitably, the acrylic resin may be in the form of a dispersion or emulsion having 10 to 50wt% solids. The term "solids" refers to the percentage of the mass of the original dispersion/emulsion that remains after evaporation of the solvent in the dispersion/emulsion. When the acrylic resin is in the form of a dispersion or emulsion, the weight average molecular weight of the acrylic resin refers to the molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble fraction of the dispersion or emulsion. The acrylic resin dispersion/emulsion has high transparency and good stability, and can provide higher workability, such as excellent color uniformity and higher sagging resistance.
The acrylic resin may be present in an amount of 5wt% or more, 8wt% or more, 10wt% or more, and/or 30wt% or less, 25wt% or less, 20wt% or less, based on the total weight of the second coating composition. The acrylic resin may be present in the coating composition in a range of from 5 to 30wt%, suitably from 8 to 25wt%, such as from 10 to 20wt%, or any other combination using these endpoints, based on the total weight of the second coating composition.
The polyurethane resin refers to a polymer whose repeating unit includes a urethane group. The polyurethane may comprise a polymer of at least 50wt% organic units, for example at least 70wt%, such as at least 90wt% organic units, linked by urethane linkages. Herein, the organic unit comprises one or more residues selected from the group consisting of: simple diols such as butanediol, polyester diol, polyether diol, polycarbonate diol, and the like.
The polyurethane resin may have an average particle diameter of 100 to 1000nm, such as an average particle diameter of 100 to 600 nm. The particle size may be measured by laser diffraction.
Suitably, the polyurethane resin may be in the form of a dispersion or emulsion having 20 to 60wt% solids. The term "solids" refers to the percentage of the mass of the original dispersion or emulsion that remains after evaporation of the solvent in the dispersion or emulsion. The polyurethane dispersion or emulsion is matched with a proper cosolvent to form a transparent coating, so that the saturation of the coating pigment is improved, the low film thickness is ensured to achieve excellent color vividness, uneven color caused by erosion under an upper varnish wet film is avoided, and excellent adhesive force, stone impact resistance, moisture resistance and weather resistance are provided.
The polyurethane resin may be present in an amount of 5wt% or more, 8wt% or more, 10wt% or more, and/or 30wt% or less, 25wt% or less, 20wt% or less, based on the total weight of the second coating composition. The polyurethane resin may be present in the coating composition in a range of from 5 to 30wt%, suitably from 8 to 25wt%, such as from 10 to 20wt%, or any other combination using these endpoints, based on the total weight of the second coating composition.
The amino resin may be one melamine formaldehyde resin or a combination of a plurality of different melamine formaldehyde resins. Suitably, the amino resin comprises a methylated melamine formaldehyde resin. In the melamine formaldehyde resin or the combination of melamine formaldehyde resins, the ratio of the sum of imino groups and methylol groups to the functional groups of the alkoxy groups is 5/80 to 60/50.
The amino resin may be 3wt% or more, 5wt% or more, and/or 15wt% or less, 10wt% or less, based on the total weight of the second coating composition. The amino resin may be present in the coating composition in a range of about 3 to 15wt%, suitably 5 to 10wt%, or any other combination using these endpoints, based on the total weight of the second coating composition.
The polyester resin refers to a polymer produced by a polyesterification reaction of a polyhydric alcohol, which is a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups per molecule, and a polybasic acid, which is a compound having two or more carboxyl groups per molecule. Suitably, the polyester resin may comprise an unsaturated polyester resin. The unsaturated polyester resin includes unsaturated double bonds. Alternatively, the polyester resin may comprise a hyperbranched polyester resin.
Suitably, the polyester resin may have a hydroxyl value of from 10 to 80 mgKOH/g. The hydroxyl value refers to milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) equivalent to hydroxyl groups in 1 gram of the resin. Suitably, the polyester resin may have an acid value of 10 to 50mg KOH/g. The acid number refers to the milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acid in 1 gram of resin. Suitably, the polyester resin may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 5000 to 80000. The weight average molecular weight may be determined by gel permeation chromatography using a suitable standard such as a polystyrene standard.
The polyester resin may be 0wt% or more, 5wt% or more, and/or 20wt% or less, 15wt% or less, based on the total weight of the second coating composition. The polyester resin may be present in the coating composition in a range of about 0 to 20wt%, suitably 5 to 15wt%, or any other combination using these endpoints, based on the total weight of the second coating composition.
The second coating composition may also include a pigment. Pigments suitable for use in the second coating composition may include inorganic pigments such as carbon black, titanium white, iron red, and the like, and/or organic pigments such as azo, phthalocyanine, perylene, and the like. Suitably, the pigment may comprise a highly transparent organic pigment such as p.r.179 perylene red, monolite 3RX-H indolone blue, heliogen blue l 6960 phthalocyanine blue.
In the second coating composition, the content of pigment may be represented by a pigment base ratio. The "pigment base ratio (P/B)" refers to the solids weight ratio of pigment in the second coating composition to binder (i.e., film-forming resin) in the second coating composition. Suitably, the second coating composition has a pigment ratio of from 0.05 to 0.3, such as a pigment ratio of from 0.1 to 0.2.
The second coating composition may also include a solvent. The solvent includes water, and optionally an organic solvent. Suitable organic solvents for the second coating composition include ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol hexyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, isooctyl alcohol, and/or n-propyl alcohol. The solvent is selected to have good compatibility with the resin to achieve high transparency after film formation, e.g., to provide a color difference between the coated and non-coated areas of less than 0.2 after baking of the coated film on the doctor blade. For example, the solvent includes water and ethylene glycol butyl ether. The organic solvent can be used as a good cosolvent of the used resin and has good compatibility with a system, so that the transparency of a coating film is improved, the dispersion of pigment is improved, and the color saturation is improved. The solvent may be present in an amount of 50 to 80wt% based on the total weight of the second coating composition.
The second coating composition may also include one or more of the following additional auxiliary components: thickeners, wetting aids, pinhole aids, curing catalysts, defoamers, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, adhesion promoters, surface leveling agents, pH adjusters, substrate wetting agents, fillers, and the like. When present, each of these auxiliary components is present in an amount of 10wt% or less based on the total weight of the second coating composition.
The second coating composition according to the invention may be an aqueous coating composition. Herein, the term "aqueous" means that the solvent of the coating composition contains at least 50wt% water.
The second coating composition according to the invention may have a low VOC content of less than 420 g/L. The VOC value is a VOC value measured without water, which can be obtained by detecting the component content of each organic compound in the composition by gas chromatography and then adding the component contents.
Suitably, the second coating composition according to the invention may have a solids content of 10 to 30 wt%. By "solids content" is meant the solids content in the coating composition, which can be obtained by determining the ratio of the weight of the coating composition after complete evaporation of the solvent to the total weight of the coating composition.
The second coating composition may be a one-part coating composition. By "one component" is meant that all film forming resins (i.e., binders), pigments, fillers, solvents, and/or adjuvants, etc. of the coating composition are packaged in a single container, and thus have the advantage of being convenient to store and use.
The coating system according to the invention may have a high FI value. Suitably, the coating system according to the invention may have a FI value of at least 12. The method of determining the FI values is described in detail in the examples section below.
The coating system according to the invention may have a low G value. The G value represents the scintillation intensity of the coating, wherein: the smaller the G value, the weaker the flicker intensity; the larger the G value, the stronger the flicker intensity. Suitably, the coating system according to the invention may have a G-value of not more than 6. The method of determining the G value is described in detail in the examples section below.
The coating system according to the invention may have a high chroma. The saturation is also called color saturation, and the higher the saturation, the more vivid the color is, and the lower the saturation, the closer the color is to gray. The saturation can be based onAnd a and b are parameters of the color system of L x a x b defined based on JIS Z8729. Suitably, the coating system according to the invention may have a chroma of at least 110.
The invention also provides a coated substrate comprising a substrate and the above coating system applied to at least a portion of the substrate. Suitably, the substrate may comprise a metal. The substrate may be pretreated, non-pretreated, pre-coated, and/or non-pre-coated. For example, the substrate may be a coated substrate. Alternatively, the substrate may be a substrate coated with a functional color paint layer.
The under-coating in the coating system may be obtained by applying the first coating composition by any standard method known in the art. The top coat in the coating system may be obtained by applying the second coating composition by any standard method known in the art. Standard methods known in the art include, but are not limited to, spraying, dipping, rolling, brushing, and the like.
The invention also provides a method of coating a substrate comprising:
applying a first coating composition comprising an effect pigment to form a lower coating layer,
applying a second coating composition over at least a portion of the lower coating layer to form an upper coating layer,
simultaneously curing the first coating composition and the second coating composition,
wherein the under coating layer has a dry film thickness of 8 to 15 μm and the over coating layer has a dry film thickness of 4 to 8 μm.
Suitably, the first and second coating compositions may be baked at 140 ℃ for 20 to 60 minutes to cure. Suitably, the under-coating formed by the first coating composition is flash-dried after application of the first coating composition and before application of the second coating composition. Suitably, the first coating composition and the second coating composition may independently flash dry at room temperature (e.g., 23 ℃) for 1 to 15 minutes.
The method of coating a substrate may further comprise:
a varnish composition is applied over at least a portion of the top coat while curing the first coating composition, the second coating composition, and the varnish composition.
Suitably, the method of coating a substrate may further comprise:
the mid-coat composition is applied and baked on at least a portion of the substrate prior to applying the first coating composition.
Or alternatively, the method of coating a substrate may further comprise:
a functional color paint composition is applied to at least a portion of the substrate prior to applying the first coating composition while curing the functional color paint composition, the first coating composition, the second coating composition, and the varnish composition.
The functional color coat layer may be cured simultaneously with the first coating composition, the second coating composition, and optionally the clear coat composition.
Examples
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the invention but should not be construed to limit the invention to the details set forth in the examples. All parts and percentages in the examples below are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
First coating composition
A first coating composition was prepared according to the ingredients and amounts listed in table 1 below, with the following specific steps: (1) Sequentially adding acrylic resin, polyurethane and polyester resin into a stirring cylinder under stirring conditions; (2) Adding a PH regulating auxiliary agent, regulating the PH value of the mixture in the step (1) to be 8.2-8.7, and adding proper deionized water to regulate the viscosity of the system; (3) Adding an antifoaming agent, a wetting aid, a melamine formaldehyde resin, and a portion of a rheology aid to the mixture of step (2) with stirring; (4) Mixing and stirring aluminum powder in the effect pigment, a passivating agent, a solvent and the like in another stirring tank to uniformly disperse the aluminum powder; (5) Grinding the pigment into nano color paste by using part of resin, solvent and dispersing auxiliary; (6) Sequentially adding the aluminum powder premix in the step (4) and the nano color paste in the step (5) into the mixture prepared in the step (3) under the stirring condition; (7) Adding the rest of the rheological additive into the mixture in the step (6), and adding the PH regulating additive to regulate the PH of the system to 8.2-8.7.
TABLE 1 first coating composition
a. The solid content is 20-35 wt%, the Tg is more than 40 ℃, the hydroxyl value is 10-100 mgKOH/g, the acid value is 1-70 mgKOH/g, and the average particle diameter is 100-2000 nm;
b. 30-40 wt% of solid content, tg lower than 10 ℃, mw of 2000-200000, hydroxyl value of 10-100 mgKOH/g, acid value of 1-50 mgKOH/g and average grain diameter of 100-2000 nm;
c. 30-40 wt% of solid content, tg of more than 40 ℃ and Mw of 10000-150000;
d. 35-45 wt% of solid content, 10 ℃ of Tg and 2000-150000 of Mw;
e. the solid content is 35-75wt%, the hydroxyl value is 10-100 mgKOH/g, and the acid value is 1-100 mgKOH/g;
f. the solid content is 75-85 wt%, and the ratio of the sum of imino and hydroxymethyl to the functional group of alkoxy is 5/80-50/50;
g. alcohols and alcohol ethers solvents;
h. perylene red and carbon black pigments;
i. silver-element-type silicon dioxide coated aluminum powder, D50-12 mu m, diameter-thickness ratio of 150, WCA-40000 cm 2 /g；
j. Silver-element-type silicon dioxide coated aluminum powder, D50-12 mu m, diameter-thickness ratio 50, WCA-20000 cm 2 /g；
k. Silver-element silicon dioxide coated aluminum powder, D50-20 mu m, diameter-thickness ratio 50, WCA-10000 cm 2 /g；
l. from BYK;
m. from BYK;
n, the acid value is 20-200 mgKOH/g;
comprising a silicate thickener and a further thickener selected from the group consisting of: acrylic thickener, polyurethane thickener, polyamide wax thickener, and polyurea thickener, wherein the weight ratio of silicate thickener to other thickener is 0.2-5; and
p. from DOW.
q. nonionic wetting dispersant
A second coating composition was prepared according to the ingredients and amounts listed in table 2 below, with the following specific steps: (1) Sequentially adding acrylic resin, polyurethane and polyester resin into a stirring cylinder under stirring conditions; (2) Adding a PH regulating auxiliary agent, regulating the PH value of the mixture in the step (1) to be 8.2-8.7, and adding proper deionized water to regulate the viscosity of the system; (3) Adding an antifoaming agent, a wetting aid, a melamine formaldehyde resin, and a portion of a rheology aid to the mixture of step (2) with stirring; (4) Grinding the pigment into nano color paste by using part of resin, solvent and dispersing auxiliary; (5) Sequentially adding the nano color paste prepared in the step (3) into the mixture prepared in the step (4) under the stirring condition; (6) Adding the rest of the rheological additive into the mixture in the step (6), and adding the PH regulating additive to regulate the PH of the system to 8.2-8.7.
TABLE 2 second coating composition
a. The solid content is 20-35 wt%, the hydroxyl value is 20-100 mgKOH/g, the acid value is 10-50 mgKOH/g, and the average grain diameter is 500-2000 nm;
b. 30-40 wt% of solid content, 10-20 mgKOH/g of hydroxyl value, 1-30 mgKOH/g of acid value and 100-1000 nm of average particle size;
c. 30-40 wt% of solid content, 100-1000 nm of particle size and 10000-150000 Mw;
d. 35-45 wt% of solid content, 1000-2000 nm of particle size and 2000-150000 Mw;
e. the solid content is 35-75wt%, the hydroxyl value is 10-80 mgKOH/g, and the acid value is 10-50 mgKOH/g;
f. the ratio of the sum of imino and hydroxymethyl to the functional group of alkoxy is 5/80-50/50;
g. ethylene glycol butyl ether;
h. perylene red and carbon black pigments;
i. from BYK;
j. from BYK;
k. comprising a silicate-based thickener and a further thickener selected from the group consisting of: acrylic thickener, polyurethane thickener, polyamide wax thickener, and polyurea thickener, wherein the weight ratio of silicate thickener to other thickener is 0.2-5; and
l. from DOW.
m. nonionic wetting dispersant
Performance test:
the coating system comprises a lower coating layer formed by a first coating composition and an upper coating layer formed by a second coating composition, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
spraying a functional paint composition (PPG development paint) onto a metal substrate (pretreated and pre-coated) to form a coating; flash-drying the coating at room temperature for 5min; applying a first coating composition over at least a portion of the coating to form a lower coating; flash drying the coating at room temperature for 1min; applying a second coating composition over at least a portion of the lower coating layer to form an upper coating layer; flash drying the coating at room temperature for at least 3min, and pre-drying at 80deg.C for at least 5min; applying a varnish (a commercially available two-component varnish) over at least a portion of the coating; and simultaneously curing the functional color paint composition, the first coating composition, the second coating composition, and the clear coat at 140 ℃ for 20 min.
The coating systems obtained in examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-6 were subjected to the following performance tests:
1-FI value: the greater the FI value, the greater the difference between the small and large angles, the closer the color is to the specular effect, in relation to the color brightness at each angle.
Here, luminance values (L) at 15 °, 45 °, and 110 ° were tested by a commercially available BYK color difference meter, and then FI values were calculated by the following formula.
FI＝2.69*(L* 15° -L* 110° ) 1.11 /(L* 45° ) 0.86
2-G value: the flicker intensity of the color under the light source is represented, and the smaller the G value is, the lower the flicker intensity is, and the closer the color is to the fine mirror effect. Herein, the G value is obtained by a commercially available BYK color difference meter test.
3-chroma: the color saturation is expressed as the saturation, and the higher the saturation, the more vivid the color, and the lower the saturation, the closer the color is to gray. Herein, the saturation may be according toCalculation, wherein a and b are parameters of the L x a x b color system specified based on JIS Z8729, which can be obtained by a commercially available BYK color difference meter test.
4-other mechanical Properties
Adhesion test: reference is made to the GB/T9286-2021 standard;
moisture resistance test: reference is made to GB/T1740-2007 standard; and
aging resistance test: reference is made to the GB/T1865-2009 standard.
TABLE 3 Performance test results
From the above test results, it is seen that the first and second coating compositions according to the present invention employ a combination of specific formulations (e.g., resin and aluminum powder) and result in higher FI values, lower G values, higher color and excellent mechanical properties at specific film thickness designs. The aluminum powder in comparative example 1 does not have a high aspect ratio and excellent hiding power, and cannot achieve a high FI value and high chroma; comparative example 6 did not match the appropriate resin and solvent, and the chroma was also lower; comparative example 3 uses aluminum powder of a larger particle size to obtain a higher FI, but has a higher G value, a higher flicker, and a lower chroma due to a lower hiding power, exposing the color of the primer. Comparative example 4 to obtain higher FI, an ultra-low solid content and ultra-low film thickness (under coating) method was used, and higher aluminum powder content was required, although the color was improved, the adhesion, heat and humidity resistance and aging resistance were not acceptable.
While particular aspects of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (25)
1. A coating system comprising: a lower coating layer formed from a first coating composition comprising an effect pigment, and an upper coating layer formed from a second coating composition, the first coating composition and the second coating composition being cured simultaneously, wherein the lower coating layer has a dry film thickness of 8 to 15 μm and the upper coating layer has a dry film thickness of 4 to 8 μm.
2. The coating system of claim 1, wherein the effect pigment has a ratio of radial to thickness of 50 to 200.
3. The coating system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the effect pigment has a color of greater than 30000cm 2 /g WCA.
4. A coating system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the effect pigment comprises a silver-based pigment.
5. The coating system of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the first coating composition has a pigment ratio of 0.02 to 0.3.
6. The coating system of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the effect pigment comprises 5-15wt% of the total solids weight in the first coating composition.
7. The coating system of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the first coating composition comprises a high Tg acrylic resin having a Tg greater than 40 ℃ and a high Tg polyurethane resin having a Tg greater than 30 ℃.
8. The coating system of claim 7, wherein the weight ratio of the high Tg acrylic resin to the high Tg polyurethane resin is 10 to 80:5 to 50.
9. The coating system of claim 7 or 8, wherein the high Tg acrylic resin has a hydroxyl number of 10 to 100mgKOH/g, an acid number of 1 to 70mgKOH/g, and an average particle size of 100 to 5000 nm.
10. The coating system of any one of claims 7-9, wherein the high Tg polyurethane resin has a weight average molecular weight of 5000-200000.
11. The coating system of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the second coating composition comprises an acrylic resin, a polyurethane resin, an amino resin, and optionally a polyester resin.
12. The coating system of claim 11, wherein the weight ratio of acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, amino resin, and polyester resin is 5-50:5-30:3-40:0-15.
13. The coating system according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the acrylic resin has an average particle size of 100 to 3000nm, a weight average molecular weight of 1000 to 20000, a hydroxyl value of 20 to 200mgKOH/g, an acid value of 10 to 50 mgKOH/g.
14. The coating system of any one of claims 11-13, wherein the polyurethane resin has an average particle size of 100-1000 nm.
15. The coating system of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the second coating composition comprises a solvent comprising water and ethylene glycol butyl ether.
16. The coating system of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the second coating composition has a pigment ratio of 0.05 to 0.3.
17. The coating system of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the first coating composition and/or the second coating composition is an aqueous coating composition.
18. The coating system of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the first coating composition and the second coating composition each have a VOC content of less than 420 g/L.
19. A coated substrate comprising a substrate and the coating system of any one of claims 1-18 applied to at least a portion of the substrate.
20. The coated substrate of claim 19, wherein the substrate comprises a metal.
21. The coated substrate of claim 19 or 20, wherein the substrate comprises a substrate that has been coated with a mid-coat or functional color paint layer.
22. A method of coating a substrate comprising:
applying a first coating composition comprising an effect pigment to form a lower coating layer,
Applying a second coating composition over at least a portion of the lower coating layer to form an upper coating layer,
simultaneously curing the first coating composition and the second coating composition,
wherein the under coating layer has a dry film thickness of 8 to 15 μm and the over coating layer has a dry film thickness of 4 to 8 μm.
23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
a varnish composition is applied over at least a portion of the top coat while curing the first coating composition, the second coating composition, and the varnish composition.
24. The method of claim 22 or 23, further comprising:
the mid-coat composition is applied and baked on at least a portion of the substrate prior to applying the first coating composition.
25. The method of claim 22 or 23, further comprising:
a functional color paint composition is applied to at least a portion of the substrate prior to applying the first coating composition while curing the functional color paint composition, the first coating composition, the second coating composition, and optionally the varnish composition.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311047590.9A CN117089270A (en) | 2023-08-18 | 2023-08-18 | coating system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311047590.9A CN117089270A (en) | 2023-08-18 | 2023-08-18 | coating system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117089270A true CN117089270A (en) | 2023-11-21 |
Family
ID=88774632
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311047590.9A Pending CN117089270A (en) | 2023-08-18 | 2023-08-18 | coating system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117089270A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-08-18 CN CN202311047590.9A patent/CN117089270A/en active Pending
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