CN117087776A - Front wing assembly - Google Patents
Front wing assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117087776A CN117087776A CN202211538086.4A CN202211538086A CN117087776A CN 117087776 A CN117087776 A CN 117087776A CN 202211538086 A CN202211538086 A CN 202211538086A CN 117087776 A CN117087776 A CN 117087776A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- front wing
- wing
- end plate
- flap
- assembly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D35/00—Vehicle bodies characterised by streamlining
- B62D35/005—Front spoilers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D37/00—Stabilising vehicle bodies without controlling suspension arrangements
- B62D37/02—Stabilising vehicle bodies without controlling suspension arrangements by aerodynamic means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a front wing assembly; the front wing second end plate is connected with the adjusting component, and the front wing connecting piece is matched with adjusting holes with different heights to realize the height adjustment of the front wing component; the front wing assembly is provided with the arc-shaped protruding part, so that the space between the front wing assembly and the ground is reduced, the flow speed of air flow between the arc-shaped protruding part and the ground is increased due to the reduction of the space, and the air pressure between the racing car and the ground is reduced; the pressure difference between the air pressure of the lower surface of the racing car and the air pressure of the upper surface of the racing car is increased, and the downward pressure of the air on the racing car is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to formula racing cars, in particular to a front wing assembly.
Background
The racing car comprises an aerodynamic sleeve, an oil tank, a cooling device and an engine, wherein the oil tank supplies oil to the engine, the cooling device cools the engine, and the engine provides power for the racing car; aerodynamic suite, the aerodynamic effect that produces is the racing car to possess down force. The engine of the racing car provides great power immediately, but if the racing car does not have enough adhesion, the racing car can only slip in situ, and the power performance of the racing car cannot be improved at all. It is counted that approximately 80% of the adhesion of the racing car is produced by the downforce, the remaining 20% being provided by the tire. Insufficient downforce will affect the stability of the racing car during high speed driving.
In China application number 202110909886.1 and publication day 2021.10.29, a front wing structure of formula car for improving front wheel bypass is disclosed, wherein the front wing structure comprises a main wing, a horizontal end plate, an outer vertical end plate, an outer flap, a middle vertical end plate, an inner flap and an inner vertical end plate; the outer flap comprises a flap horizontal section, a flap bending section and a flap vertical section which are sequentially connected, wherein the flap horizontal section is fixedly connected with the middle vertical end plate, the flap vertical section is fixedly connected with the horizontal end plate, and an included angle between the flap horizontal section and the flap vertical section is 90 degrees; and the outboard flap is twisted at the flap bending section so that an included angle alpha between a line between the outboard flap leading edge and the trailing edge and an xy plane is different from an included angle beta between a line between the outboard flap leading edge and the trailing edge and an xz plane.
The front wing assembly is obliquely arranged, the airflow velocity of the upper surface of the front wing assembly is the same as that of the lower surface of the front wing assembly, and the air pressure of the upper surface of the front wing assembly is the same as that of the lower surface of the front wing assembly; the air is contacted with the surface of the front wing assembly to generate pressure on the front wing assembly; the pressure difference cannot be formed between the upper surface of the front wing assembly and the lower surface of the front wing assembly, and the pressure of air to the front wing assembly is small, so that the phenomenon of upward drift easily occurs when a racing car runs at a high speed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a front wing assembly, wherein the height of the front wing assembly is adjustable, the distance between the front wing assembly and the ground can be changed, the bottom of the front wing assembly is provided with an arc-shaped protruding part, the space between the front wing assembly and the ground is reduced, the flow speed of air flow between the arc-shaped protruding part and the ground is accelerated, and the air pressure between the front wing assembly and the ground is reduced; the pressure difference between the air pressure of the lower surface of the front wing assembly and the air pressure of the upper surface of the front wing assembly is increased, and the air has large downward pressure on the front wing assembly.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the aerodynamic suite is used for installing a racing car and is connected with a shell of the racing car, the aerodynamic suite comprises a front wing assembly, a flow guiding assembly and a tail wing assembly, the shell is covered on a frame, and a bottom plate is arranged on the frame; the front wing assembly is disposed at the front end of the housing.
The front wing assembly comprises an adjusting piece assembly, a front wing main wing and two front wing flaps, wherein the two ends of the front wing main wing are respectively provided with a front wing first end plate, and two front wing second end plates are arranged between the two front wing first end plates; one end of the two front wing second end plates is connected with the upper surface of the front wing main wing, and one end of the two front wing second end plates is connected with the shell.
The adjusting piece assembly comprises two adjusting pieces, and the two adjusting pieces are positioned between the second end plates of the two front wings; a front wing second end plate is connected with the shell through an adjusting piece, each front wing second end plate is provided with a front wing connecting hole, and a front wing connecting piece is arranged in the front wing connecting hole in a penetrating way; each adjusting piece comprises more than two adjusting holes with different horizontal heights, two front wing connecting pieces are arranged at the same height, and one front wing connecting piece penetrates through the adjusting hole of one adjusting piece and is connected with the front wing connecting fixing piece; the front wing connecting piece is matched with the adjusting holes with different horizontal heights to adjust the height of the front wing component.
The front wing flap is connected between the front wing second end plate and the front wing first end plate; a first front wing guide port is formed between the front wing flap and the front wing main wing; and a front wing second guide opening is formed between the front wing main wing and the shell.
The lower surface of the front wing main wing positioned between the two front wing second end plates is convexly provided with an arc-shaped protruding part; the front wing main wing and the front wing flap are arranged in an arc shape along the length direction of the frame; the radian of the surface of the arc-shaped bulge part and the radian of the lower surface of the front wing main wing are larger than the radian of the upper surface of the front wing main wing; the curvature of the lower surface of the front wing flap is greater than the curvature of the upper surface of the front wing flap.
In the front wing assembly, the connection between the front wing assembly and the shell is realized through the two front wing second end plates, and the downward pressure is provided for the racing car through the front wing main wing and the front wing flap; by arranging the arc-shaped protruding part, the space between the front wing component and the ground is reduced, the flow speed of the air flow between the arc-shaped protruding part and the ground is increased due to the reduction of the space, and the air pressure between the racing car and the ground is reduced; the pressure difference between the air pressure on the lower surface of the racing car and the air pressure on the upper surface of the racing car is increased, the downward pressure of the air on the racing car is improved, and then the grip of the racing car is improved; meanwhile, the surface radian of the arc-shaped protruding part and the radian of the lower surface of the front wing main wing are larger than the radian of the upper surface of the front wing main wing; the radian of the lower surface of the front wing flap is greater than the radian of the upper surface of the front wing flap; the flow velocity of the air flow on the lower surface of the front wing assembly is larger than the flow velocity of the air flow on the upper surface of the front wing assembly, the air flow passes through the first guide opening of the front wing and the second guide opening of the front wing to enter the lower surface of the racing car, the air flows are intersected on the lower surface of the racing car, and the flow velocity of the air flow on the lower surface of the racing car is accelerated; the pressure difference between the air pressure of the lower surface of the racing car and the air pressure of the upper surface of the racing car is further increased, and the downward pressure of the air on the racing car is improved.
Meanwhile, the second end plate of the front wing is connected with the shell through an adjusting component, and more than two adjusting holes are formed in an adjusting piece of the adjusting component; the horizontal heights of more than two adjusting holes are different; the front wing connecting piece passes through the front wing connecting hole and the adjusting hole and then is connected with the front wing fixing piece; this enables the connection between the front wing assembly, the adjustment assembly and the outer shell. When the front wing connecting piece penetrating through the front wing connecting hole is matched with the adjusting holes with different heights, the height of the front wing assembly on the adjusting assembly is changed, and the height adjustment of the front wing assembly is realized. The space between the front wing assembly and the ground can be further reduced by changing the height of the front wing assembly, so that the single-step flow speed of the air flow in the front wing assembly is further increased as soon as possible, and the pressure difference is further increased.
Further, a front wing first plate wing and a front wing second plate wing extend from the side wall of the front wing first end plate to the direction far away from the front wing second end plate, the front wing first plate wing is arranged on the upper surface of the front wing first end plate, and the front wing second plate wing is arranged on the lower surface of the front wing first end plate.
By the arrangement, the contact area between the front wing assembly and the air is increased by arranging the first plate wing of the front wing and the second plate wing of the front wing, and the downward pressure of the air on the front wing assembly is improved.
Further, a front wing arc-shaped guide piece is arranged at one end of the front wing first end plate, which is close to the racing car wheel, and is bent and formed in a direction away from the front wing second end plate; the second plate wing of the front wing is connected with the front wing arc-shaped flow guide piece.
The front wing arc-shaped guide piece is bent and formed in the direction away from the second end plate of the front wing, when the air flow passes through the front wing arc-shaped guide piece, the air flow outwards diffuses at the end part of the front wing assembly to bypass the front end wheel of the racing car, so that the air pressure in front of the front end wheel is reduced, and the air flow disturbed by the wheel is reduced. Meanwhile, the energy of the part of air flow is larger, turbulence generated by rotation of the front-end wheels can be taken away, the front-rear pressure difference of the front-end wheels is reduced, and the resistance of the front-end wheels is reduced.
Further, the front wing flap is arranged obliquely upwards from one end of the front wing flap, which is close to the front wing second end plate, to one end of the front wing flap, which is close to the front wing first end plate.
The front wing flap is obliquely arranged to improve the height of the front wing flap close to one end of the front wing first end plate; so that the air flow on the front wing flap, which is close to the first end plate of the front wing, can bypass the wheels from above the wheels; the drag of the front wheels is reduced.
Further, the width of the front wing flap near the end of the front wing first end plate is greater than the width of the front wing flap near the end of the front wing second end plate. This increases the downward pressure of the air on the front wing flap.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention mounted on a racing car.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the front wing assembly connected to the housing.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the front wing assembly.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of A-A in fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1-4; a front wing assembly is arranged on a racing car for use, a frame 1 and a shell 2 are arranged on the racing car, the shell 2 is covered on the frame 1, and a bottom plate 10 is arranged on the frame 1; a front wing assembly 41 is provided at the front end of the housing 2.
The front wing assembly 41 comprises an adjusting piece assembly 410, a front wing main wing 411 and two front wing flaps 412, wherein the front wing main wing 411 and the front wing flaps 412 provide downward pressure for racing vehicles; front wing first end plates 413 are respectively arranged at two ends of the front wing main wing 411, and two front wing second end plates 414 are arranged between the two front wing first end plates 413; one end of each of the front wing second end plates 414 is connected to the upper surface of the front wing main wing 411.
The adjuster assembly 410 includes two adjusters 4101, the two adjusters 4101 being located between the two front wing second end plates 414; the adjusting member 4101 has adjusting fixing portions 4102 provided at the top and bottom ends thereof, respectively, a front wing second end plate 414 is connected to the housing 2 via an adjusting member 4101, and two or more adjusting holes 4103 having different horizontal heights are provided between the two adjusting fixing portions 4102 of each adjusting member. A front wing connection hole 4141 is provided on each front wing second end plate 414, and a front wing connector (not shown) is provided in the front wing connection hole 414 in a penetrating manner; the two front wing connectors are arranged at the same height, and one front wing connector passes through an adjusting hole 4103 of an adjusting piece 4101 to be connected with the front wing fixing piece; the front wing connector cooperates with the adjustment holes 4103 of different levels to adjust the height of the front wing assembly 41. In this embodiment, the front wing connector is a bolt, and the front wing fixing member is a nut.
The front wing connecting piece passes through the front wing connecting hole and the adjusting hole and then is connected with the front wing fixing piece; this enables the connection between the front wing assembly, the adjustment assembly and the outer shell. When the front wing connecting piece penetrating through the front wing connecting hole is matched with the adjusting holes with different heights, the height of the front wing assembly on the adjusting assembly is changed, and the height adjustment of the front wing assembly is realized. The space between the front wing assembly and the ground can be further reduced by changing the height of the front wing assembly, so that the single-step flow speed of the air flow in the front wing assembly is further increased as soon as possible, and the pressure difference is further increased.
Two front wing flaps 412 are located above the front wing main wing 411 and symmetrically arranged about the outer shell 2, the front wing flaps 412 being connected between a front wing second end plate 414 and a front wing first end plate 413; a first leading wing flow guide port 415 is formed between the leading wing flap 412 and the leading wing 411; a front wing second conduction port 416 is formed between the front wing main wing 411 and the outer case 2.
The lower surface of the front wing main wing 411 positioned between the two front wing second end plates 414 is provided with an arc-shaped bulge 4111 outwards in a protruding way; by providing the arcuate projection 4111, the space between the front wing assembly 41 and the ground is reduced, and the flow rate of the air flow between the arcuate projection 4111 and the ground is increased due to the reduction of the space, thereby reducing the air pressure between the racing car and the ground; the pressure difference between the air pressure of the lower surface of the racing car and the air pressure of the upper surface of the racing car is increased, the downward pressure of the air on the racing car is improved, and then the grip of the racing car is improved.
The front wing main wing 411 and the front wing flap 412 are arc-shaped along the length direction of the frame 1; the arc shape protruding part 4111 has a surface radian and the lower surface radian of the front wing main wing 411 is larger than that of the upper surface of the front wing main wing 411; the curvature of the lower surface of the front wing flap 412 is greater than the curvature of the upper surface of the front wing flap 412. So that the flow velocity of the air flow on the lower surface of the front wing assembly 41 is greater than that of the air flow on the upper surface of the front wing assembly 41, and the air flow passes through the front wing first flow guide port 415 and the front wing second flow guide port 416 to enter the lower surface of the racing car, and the air flows are intersected on the lower surface of the racing car, so that the flow velocity of the air flow on the lower surface of the racing car is accelerated; the pressure difference between the air pressure of the lower surface of the racing car and the air pressure of the upper surface of the racing car is further increased, and the downward pressure of the air on the racing car is improved.
A front wing first plate wing 417 and a front wing second plate wing 418 extend from the side wall of the front wing first end plate 413 in a direction away from the front wing second end plate 414, the front wing first plate wing 417 is arranged on the upper surface of the front wing first end plate 413, and the front wing second plate wing 418 is arranged on the lower surface of the front wing first end plate 413; by providing the front wing first plate wing 417 and the front wing second plate wing 418, the contact area of the front wing assembly 41 with the air is increased, and the downward pressure of the air on the front wing assembly 41 is raised.
A front wing arc-shaped guide piece 419 is arranged at one end of the front wing first end plate 413, which is close to the racing car wheel, and the front wing arc-shaped guide piece 419 is bent and formed in a direction away from the front wing second end plate 414; the front wing second plate wing 418 is connected to the front wing arcuate deflector 419. As the airflow passes through the front wing arcuate deflector 419, the airflow diffuses outwardly at the ends of the front wing assembly 41 around the front wheels of the racing car, reducing the pressure of the air in front of the front wheels, resulting in a reduced disturbance of the airflow by the wheels. Meanwhile, the energy of the part of air flow is larger, turbulence generated by rotation of the front-end wheels can be taken away, the front-rear pressure difference of the front-end wheels is reduced, and the resistance of the front-end wheels is reduced.
The flow guiding component 43 comprises a flow guiding cover body 431 and a flow guiding device 432, the flow guiding device 432 is arranged on the bottom plate 10, the flow guiding cover body 431 is connected with the bottom plate 10 and the shell 2 and covers the flow guiding device 432, and a heat dissipation channel 433 is formed among the flow guiding cover body 431, the flow guiding device 432 and the shell 2; a first blocking 434 is disposed at an end of the flow director 432 away from the front wing assembly 41, and the width of the first blocking 434 is greater than the width of the heat dissipation channel 433; the height of the first barrier 434 is greater than the height of the heat dissipation channel 433; the first barrier 434 blocks the airflow through the heat dissipation channel 433; an upwardly disposed arcuate flow directing outlet 435 is formed between the first barrier 434 and the heat dissipation channel 433. The flow guiding component 43 is positioned at one side of the front wing component 41, the air flow passing through the front wing component 41 enters the middle heat dissipation channel 433 of the flow guiding component 43, the air flow is blocked by the first blocking 434, and the air flow flows out of the arc-shaped flow guiding outlet 435, so that the air flow can bypass the rear wheels of the racing car; and further reduces the resistance of the rear-end wheels.
In this embodiment, the front wing flap 412 is disposed obliquely upward from an end of the front wing flap 412 adjacent to the front wing second end plate 414 to an end of the front wing flap 412 adjacent to the front wing first end plate 413. Referring to fig. 1, since there is a distance between the wheels and the frame of the racing car and the end of the front wing flap 412 near the front wing first end plate 413 corresponds to the wheel position, the front wing flap 412 is inclined to raise the height of the end of the front wing flap 412 near the front wing first end plate 413; such that air flow over the front wing flap 412 near the front wing first end panel 413 bypasses the wheel from above the wheel; the drag of the front wheels is reduced.
In this embodiment, the width of the end of the front wing flap 412 adjacent to the front wing first end plate 413 is greater than the width of the end of the front wing flap 412 adjacent to the front wing second end plate 414. This increases the downward pressure of the air on the front wing flap 412.
Claims (5)
1. A front wing assembly for use on a racing car and connected to a housing of the racing car, characterized by: the shell is covered on the frame; the front wing component is arranged at the front end of the shell;
the front wing assembly comprises an adjusting piece assembly, a front wing main wing and two front wing flaps, wherein the two ends of the front wing main wing are respectively provided with a front wing first end plate, and two front wing second end plates are arranged between the two front wing first end plates; one end of the second end plates of the two front wings is connected with the upper surface of the main wing of the front wings;
the adjusting piece assembly comprises two adjusting pieces, and the two adjusting pieces are positioned between the second end plates of the two front wings; a front wing second end plate is connected with the shell through an adjusting piece, each front wing second end plate is provided with a front wing connecting hole, and a front wing connecting piece is arranged in the front wing connecting hole in a penetrating way; each adjusting piece comprises more than two adjusting holes with different horizontal heights, two front wing connecting pieces are arranged at the same height, and one front wing connecting piece penetrates through the adjusting hole of one adjusting piece and is connected with the front wing connecting fixing piece; the front wing connecting piece is matched with the adjusting holes with different horizontal heights to adjust the height of the front wing component;
the two front wing flaps are positioned above the front wing main wing and symmetrically arranged relative to the shell, and the front wing flaps are connected between the front wing second end plate and the front wing first end plate; a first front wing guide port is formed between the front wing flap and the front wing main wing; a front wing second guide port is formed between the front wing main wing and the shell;
the lower surface of the front wing main wing positioned between the two front wing second end plates is convexly provided with an arc-shaped protruding part; the front wing main wing and the front wing flap are arranged in an arc shape along the length direction of the frame; the radian of the surface of the arc-shaped bulge part and the radian of the lower surface of the front wing main wing are larger than the radian of the upper surface of the front wing main wing; the curvature of the lower surface of the front wing flap is greater than the curvature of the upper surface of the front wing flap.
2. A front wing assembly according to claim 1, wherein: the side wall of the first end plate of the front wing extends to a direction far away from the second end plate of the front wing, the first plate of the front wing is arranged on the upper surface of the first end plate of the front wing, and the second plate of the front wing is arranged on the lower surface of the first end plate of the front wing.
3. A front wing assembly according to claim 2, wherein: the front wing arc-shaped guide piece is arranged at one end of the front wing first end plate, which is close to the racing car wheel, and is bent and formed in a direction away from the front wing second end plate; the second plate wing of the front wing is connected with the front wing arc-shaped flow guide piece.
4. A front wing assembly according to claim 3, wherein: the front wing flap is arranged obliquely upwards from one end of the front wing flap, which is close to the front wing second end plate, to one end of the front wing flap, which is close to the front wing first end plate.
5. A front wing assembly according to claim 4, wherein: the width of the front wing flap near the end of the front wing first end plate is larger than the width of the front wing flap near the end of the front wing second end plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211538086.4A CN117087776A (en) | 2022-12-02 | 2022-12-02 | Front wing assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211538086.4A CN117087776A (en) | 2022-12-02 | 2022-12-02 | Front wing assembly |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117087776A true CN117087776A (en) | 2023-11-21 |
Family
ID=88781901
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211538086.4A Pending CN117087776A (en) | 2022-12-02 | 2022-12-02 | Front wing assembly |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117087776A (en) |
-
2022
- 2022-12-02 CN CN202211538086.4A patent/CN117087776A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6060916B2 (en) | Car front rectification structure | |
| EP2476565B1 (en) | Air deflecting cover for vehicle | |
| US10144473B2 (en) | Straddle-type vehicle | |
| EP2802468B1 (en) | Truck fairing | |
| JPS6253287A (en) | Automobile in which air guide apparatus is mounted on car body side | |
| EP3059146A1 (en) | Car provided with a rear spoiler | |
| JP7498629B2 (en) | Vehicle equipped with a rear spoiler and an aerodynamic element to increase the aerodynamic efficiency of the rear spoiler | |
| JP7498628B2 (en) | Vehicles with rear spoiler and movable deflector panel to adjust rear spoiler movement | |
| CN212022801U (en) | Aerodynamic device, hood device and grille for a vehicle, and vehicle | |
| SE1050102A1 (en) | Air inverter and vortex generator and loaders fitted with said air inverter | |
| US4533168A (en) | Motor car with flow stepped tail and air-conducting means | |
| CN117087776A (en) | Front wing assembly | |
| CN206797494U (en) | Wheel cover of automobile and the automobile for including it | |
| CN219382635U (en) | Front wing assembly with good flow guiding effect | |
| JP2015150914A (en) | Front rectification structure of automobile | |
| CN219382636U (en) | Aerodynamic suite | |
| JPH06227436A (en) | Air guide structure for vehicle wheel house | |
| CN117048724A (en) | Aerodynamic device | |
| CN220262909U (en) | Automobile front guide device and automobile | |
| CN211809913U (en) | Lower guard plate structure of automobile chassis | |
| JP6537165B2 (en) | Lower body rectification structure | |
| JP2016055751A (en) | Undercover structure of vehicle | |
| CN219619251U (en) | Aerodynamic tooling for racing car | |
| KR102518553B1 (en) | Aerodynamic apparatus for vehicle | |
| EP3793888B1 (en) | Twist beam air guided tunnel diffuser |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |