CN117083996A - Flexible display stack and device comprising such a display stack - Google Patents
Flexible display stack and device comprising such a display stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN117083996A CN117083996A CN202180095960.9A CN202180095960A CN117083996A CN 117083996 A CN117083996 A CN 117083996A CN 202180095960 A CN202180095960 A CN 202180095960A CN 117083996 A CN117083996 A CN 117083996A
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/844—Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/873—Encapsulations
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a flexible display stack (1) for an electronic device (2), comprising a display structure (3), which may comprise an OLED panel layer (3 a), and a cover structure (4) superimposed on the display structure (3). The cover structure (4) comprises: -a continuous structural element (5) comprising a plurality of voids (6); -a continuous matrix (7) for filling the interspace (6) and at least partially surrounding the structural element (5). The structural element (5) comprises a first material, which may be an inorganic material, and the matrix (7) comprises a second material, different from the first material, which may be an organic material and/or incompressible. The structural element (5) may be a three-dimensional element, for example a skeletal frame, and the voids (6) may be uniformly distributed in three dimensions. The flexible display stack (1) may slide or roll relative to the housing (8) of the electronic device (2).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flexible display stack for an electronic device, the flexible display stack comprising a display structure and a cover structure superimposed on the display structure.
Background
Since 1989 an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) was invented, a great development has been made in the field of display technology. OLEDs are emissive displays that do not require backlighting and are therefore thinner and more efficient than LCD displays. In addition, OLEDs have prompted the development of new technical concepts (i.e., curved displays). Initially, the display devices were fixed curved displays, which became a subverted product due to the new design options provided.
A truly flexible display is later proposed that can bend and flex, for example, in half in conjunction with an electronic device. This truly flexible display requires a fundamental redesign of the structure of the display stack, the key variant of which is to replace the carrier and cover glass of the display stack with a flexible substrate made of plastic material.
Such flexible OLED display stacks require more layers to achieve durability, user interface, and optical functionality. Typically comprising at least one layer of a hard coat layer, a cover window, a touch sensor, and a circular polarizer, which must be laminated together with an adhesive. The hard coating not only defines the appearance and grade of the device, but also serves to protect the display stack from mechanical shock, scratches and abrasion, etc. As the name suggests, the hard coating must be relatively hard to provide such protection, but must at the same time be flexible enough to bend.
To provide these properties, hard coat materials typically comprise two parts, namely a hard segment and a soft segment. By controlling the ratio of these segments, the hardness and flexibility of the hard coat layer can be fine-tuned. However, there is always a trade-off between the mechanical properties of the two segments-flexibility decreases when increasing stiffness and vice versa. Currently, display specifications require that the hard coating be able to withstand 200 000 cycles of bending cycles, which can be more than 3% strain, while the hard coating must be hard enough to pass the pin-through test or standard steel wool test.
Although several different schemes and types of hard coatings exist today, these schemes and hard coatings are primarily suited for use with specific objects, such as displays that fold around only one axis. These solutions cannot be applied to other types of flexible displays, such as slidable or rollable displays, without hard coat cracking.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide an improved flexible display stack that is generally suitable for use in foldable electronic devices.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved flexible display stack. The above and other objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. Other implementations are apparent in the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.
According to a first aspect, a flexible display stack for an electronic device is provided, the flexible display stack comprising a display structure and a cover structure superimposed on the display structure. The cover structure includes: a continuous structural element comprising a plurality of voids; a continuous matrix for filling the void and at least partially surrounding the structural element. The structural element comprises a first material and the matrix comprises a second material different from the first material.
The solution can have a cover structure, i.e. a hard coating, which is suitable for displays folded about an axis, as well as other types of flexible displays, e.g. slidable or rollable displays. The cover structure is flexible enough to bend without cracking, yet stiff enough to provide mechanical protection to the display structure.
In one possible implementation of the first aspect, one of the structural element and the matrix comprises an inorganic material and the other of the structural element and the matrix comprises an organic material. One of these materials provides stiffness while the other of these materials provides flexibility.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the structural element comprises an inorganic material and the matrix comprises an organic material. The inorganic material provides a relatively stiff frame that reinforces a relatively softer, more flexible organic matrix. Accordingly, the relatively flexible organic matrix provides the desired flexibility for the relatively stiff inorganic frame.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the cover structure comprises an optically transparent material, making the display structure visible to a user of the device.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the structural element and/or the matrix comprises an optically transparent material, such that the display structure is visible to a user of the device.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the structural element is a three-dimensional element, the voids are evenly distributed in three dimensions, such that the cover element has the same wire harness and the same flexibility throughout, and has any suitable thickness.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the structural element comprises a porous membrane, enabling a simple and efficient manufacturing of the cover structure, thereby manufacturing the display stack.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the structural element comprises silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride and/or silicon oxycarbide.
In another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the structural element is a skeletal frame or a grid structure. Such a structure distributes any force applied (e.g., due to impact) over a large area compared to a specific impact point, thereby improving the durability of the cover structure.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the matrix comprises an organic monomer or a polymer.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the matrix comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane, a silicone elastomer, or a piperidinyl polymer.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the matrix comprises an incompressible material such that forces from e.g. an impact may be distributed over the cover layer.
In another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the substrate includes at least one of a scratch-resistant material and a self-healing material, which further improves durability of the cover structure.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the scratch resistant material is a high tensile modulus polymer.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the total volume of defects within the matrix is less than or equal to 1% of the total volume of the matrix such that a major portion of the matrix is in direct contact with the structural element. Any contact gaps (i.e., defects in the form of bubbles) can reduce the durability of the cover layer.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the difference between the reflection index value of the structural element and the reflection index value of the matrix is less than or equal to 1.2%, so that the display stack does not feel hazy or to some extent blurred. A large difference in the values of the reflection index may result in the structural element reflecting and diffusely scattering light, which may be considered hazy.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the void of the structural element has a volume corresponding to λ/(2 xRI), λ being the wavelength of radiation, RI being the value of the reflection index of the cover structure, the radiation being radiation emitted by the display structure or incident from outside. Such small void sizes render the scattering of light insignificant so that any haze is not perceived by the human eye.
In another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the reflection index value is a reflection index value of the structural element or a reflection index value of the matrix, or
Wherein the reflection index value is an estimated value generated by the reflection index value of the structural element and the reflection index value of the matrix.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the display structure comprises an OLED panel layer, such that the solution comprises a currently preferred display panel.
In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the display structure includes at least one of a flexible substrate, a polarizing layer, and a touch sensor layer.
According to a second aspect, there is provided an electronic device comprising a housing and a flexible display stack according to the above, wherein the cover structure of the flexible display stack forms a peripheral surface of the electronic device.
Such devices have a cover structure, i.e. a hard coating, which is suitable for different types of flexible displays, e.g. slidable or rollable displays. The cover structure is flexible enough to bend without cracking, yet stiff enough to provide mechanical protection to the display structure.
In one possible implementation of the second aspect, the flexible display stack is slidable or scrollable relative to the housing, allowing the display stack to be used in different dynamic scenarios.
According to a third aspect, there is provided a method of manufacturing a flexible display stack, the method comprising the steps of: depositing a porous continuous inorganic structural element; coating the structural element with an organic monomer matrix;
and curing the matrix.
The method enables simple, reliable and efficient fabrication of flexible display stacks in which the inorganic material provides a relatively stiff frame that reinforces a relatively softer, more flexible organic matrix. Accordingly, the relatively flexible organic matrix provides the desired flexibility for the relatively stiff inorganic frame.
In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the matrix is adapted to shrink by 2% or less upon curing, such that the shape and volume of the cover structure is unaffected and/or subjected to internal stresses.
In another possible implementation of the third aspect, the method further comprises the step of pre-treating the structural element with an adhesion promoting additive prior to coating the structural element with the organic monomer matrix, to enhance penetration of the matrix into voids of the structural element.
In another possible embodiment of the third aspect, the adhesion promoting additive is a silane, preferably an aminosilane. The additive enhances the wettability of the structural element by forming a nanolayer, thereby enhancing the coating and leveling of other polymers.
In another possible implementation of the third aspect, the structural elements are deposited by a physical or chemical deposition method, which is cost-effective and simple.
In another possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the physical vapor deposition is one of pulsed laser deposition, electron beam deposition, resistive or arc evaporation, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel deposition or spray pyrolysis.
In another possible implementation of the third aspect, the organic monomer matrix is applied to the structural element by spin coating, slot coating, dipping or from vapor permeation.
These and other aspects will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to one or more embodiments described hereinafter.
Drawings
In the following detailed description of the invention, aspects, embodiments and implementations will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of an exemplary flexible display stack according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of a cover structure of an exemplary flexible display stack according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3a shows a schematic perspective view of a cover structure of an exemplary flexible display stack according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3b shows a cross-section of the example shown in FIG. 3a in more detail;
fig. 4a to 4c show schematic side views of exemplary method steps for manufacturing a flexible display stack according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention provides a flexible display stack 1 for an electronic device 2 comprising a display structure 3 and a cover structure 4 superimposed on the display structure 3. The cover structure 4 includes: a continuous structural element 5 comprising a plurality of voids 6; a continuous matrix 7, which is a material that encloses or embeds something (for protection or research). The matrix 7 serves to fill the interspace 6 and at least partially encloses the structural element 5. The structural element 5 comprises a first material and the matrix 7 comprises a second material different from the first material.
As shown in fig. 1, the electronic device 2 comprises a housing 8 and a flexible display stack 1 described in more detail below. The cover structure 4 of the flexible display stack 1 is used to form a peripheral surface of the electronic device 2, i.e. an outer surface that the user engages, for example by touching. The flexible display stack 1 may slide or roll relative to the housing 8 such that the curved portion of the flexible display stack 1 moves in response to the flexible display stack 1 sliding or rolling relative to the housing 8. The housing 8 may comprise two or more interconnected housing parts, which are interconnected by a hinge, or one housing part is slidably arranged in relation to the other housing part such that one housing part slides in and out of the other housing part.
The flexible display stack 1 comprises a display structure 3 and a cover structure 4 superimposed on the display structure 3. The display structure 3 may comprise a plurality of discrete layers that are superimposed (i.e. stacked) on each other. The display structure 3 may include an OLED panel layer 3a, and as shown in fig. 1, the display structure 3 may further include at least one of a flexible substrate 3b, a polarizing layer 3c, and a touch sensor layer 3 d.
The cover structure 4 comprises a continuous structural element 5 comprising a plurality of voids 6. As shown in fig. 2 to 3b, the structural element 5 may be a skeletal frame, or in other words, a lattice structure. The structural elements 5 are three-dimensional elements, the voids 6 being evenly distributed and interconnected in three dimensions. The structural element 5 may comprise a porous membrane.
The cover structure 4 further comprises a continuous matrix 7 for filling the voids 6 and at least partially surrounding the structural element 5, such that not only the voids 6 are filled with the matrix 7, but also at least a part of the outer surface of the structural element 5 is covered by the matrix 7. The entire structural element 5 may be covered by a matrix 7. The matrix 7 is continuous such that all matrix material is interconnected in one piece, even if the matrix encloses the structural element 5.
The structural element 5 comprises a first material and the matrix 7 comprises a second material different from the first material. One of the structural element 5 and the matrix 7 may comprise an inorganic material and the other of the structural element 5 and the matrix 7 may comprise an organic material.
In one example, the structural element 5 comprises an inorganic material and the matrix 7 comprises an organic material. The structural element 5 may comprise silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride and/or silicon oxycarbide.
The matrix 7 may comprise an incompressible material and the matrix 7 may comprise an organic monomer or polymer. The matrix 7 may be a low viscosity solution without a reactive solvent. Furthermore, the matrix 7 may comprise thermoplastic polyurethane, silicone elastomer or piperidinyl polymer.
The matrix 7 may comprise at least one of a scratch resistant material and a self-healing material for recovering its original shape after being scratched or damaged. The scratch resistant material may be a high tensile modulus polymer. The self-healing material is generally soft and easily scratched, however, combining such material with a harder structural element 5 may result in a cover structure 4 having a sufficient hardness and a sufficient flexibility.
The cover structure 4 may comprise an optically transparent material. The structural element 5 and/or the matrix 7 of the cover structure 4 may comprise an optically transparent material.
The total volume of any defects within the matrix 7 may be less than or equal to 1% of the total volume of the matrix 7 such that a major portion of the matrix is in direct contact with the structural elements. Any contact gaps (i.e., defects in the form of bubbles) can reduce the durability of the cover layer.
The difference between the reflection index value R1 of the structural element 5 and the reflection index value R2 of the matrix 7 may be 1.2%.
The interspace 6 of the structural element 5 may have a volume corresponding to lambda/2 xRI, lambda being the wavelength of the radiation, RI being the reflection index value of the cover structure 4, the radiation being radiation emitted by the display structure 3 or incident from the outside, for example light from a lamp or sunlight. The width (possibly the diameter) of the voids may be for example as short as 200-250nm.
The reflection index value RI may be equal to the reflection index value R1 of the structural element 5 or the reflection index value R2 of the matrix 7. The reflection index value RI may also be an estimated value generated by the reflection index value R1 of the structural element 5 and the reflection index value R2 of the matrix 7, the so-called effective reflection index. For example, the estimated value may be calculated as an average of the reflection index value R1 and the reflection index value R2.
The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a flexible display stack 1, as shown in fig. 4a to 4c. The method comprises an initial step of depositing a porous continuous inorganic structural element 5, see fig. 4a. The structural element 5 may be deposited by physical or chemical deposition methods. The physical vapor deposition may be one of pulsed laser deposition, electron beam deposition, resistive or arc evaporation, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel deposition, or spray pyrolysis.
The method further comprises a subsequent step of coating the structural element 5 with an organic monomer matrix 7, see fig. 4b. The coating may be prepared by spin coating, slot coating, dipping or infiltration from the gas phase.
In other words, the structural element 5 is saturated with the organic monomer matrix 7, and the organic monomer matrix 7 completely penetrates and fills the voids 6 of the structural element 5. The voids 6 are interconnected such that the voids form a network of cavities and channels comprised of the voids 6 and interconnecting conduits such that the matrix 7 can fill the entire network and form one integral element. The interspace 6 may have a spherical or irregular three-dimensional shape and the channels may have a cylindrical shape.
Finally, the matrix comprises a step of curing the matrix 7 such that the structural element 5 and the matrix 7 together form the cap structure 4, see fig. 4c. The matrix 7 may be used to shrink by 2% or less upon curing.
The method may further comprise an intermediate step of pre-treating the structural element 5 with an adhesion promoting additive before coating the structural element 5 with the organic monomer matrix 7, i.e. between a first step shown in fig. 4a and a second step shown in fig. 4b. The adhesion promoting additive improves penetration of the matrix 7 into the interstices 6 of the structural element 5. The adhesion promoting additive may be a silane, preferably an aminosilane, forming a nanolayer on the structural element 5.
Various aspects and implementations have been described herein in connection with various embodiments. However, other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed subject matter, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
Reference signs used in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope. Unless otherwise indicated, the drawings (e.g., cross-hatching, arrangement of parts, proportion, degree, etc.) should be read together with the specification, and should be considered a portion of the entire written description of this invention. The terms "horizontal," "vertical," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower," as well as adjectives and derivatives thereof (e.g., "horizontally," "rightward," "upward," etc.), as used herein, refer to the direction of the structure as shown, as if the particular drawing were to face the reader. Similarly, the terms "inwardly" and "outwardly" generally refer to the direction of a surface relative to its axis of elongation or axis of rotation (as the case may be).
Claims (17)
1. A flexible display stack (1) for an electronic device (2), the flexible display stack comprising:
-a display structure (3);
-a cover structure (4), wherein the cover structure is superimposed on the display structure (3);
the cover structure (4) comprises:
a continuous structural element (5), wherein the continuous structural element comprises a plurality of voids (6),
a continuous matrix (7), wherein the continuous matrix is used to fill the interspace (6) and at least partially surround the structural element (5),
wherein the structural element (5) comprises a first material and the matrix (7) comprises a second material different from the first material.
2. A flexible display stack (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the structural element (5) and the matrix (7) comprises an inorganic material, the other of the structural element (5) and the matrix (7) comprises an organic material.
3. A flexible display stack (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structural element (5) comprises a porous membrane.
4. A flexible display stack (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural element (5) comprises silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride and/or silicon oxycarbide.
5. A flexible display stack (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix (7) comprises an organic monomer or polymer.
6. A flexible display stack (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix (7) comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane, a silicone elastomer or a piperidinyl polymer.
7. A flexible display stack (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix (7) comprises at least one of scratch resistant material and self healing material.
8. A flexible display stack (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total volume of defects within the matrix (7) is less than or equal to 1% of the total volume of the matrix (7).
9. A flexible display stack (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the difference between the reflection index value (R1) of the structural element (5) and the reflection index value (R2) of the matrix (7) is less than or equal to 1.2%.
10. A flexible display stack (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the void (6) of the structural element (5) has a volume corresponding to λ/(2 xRI), where λ is the wavelength of the radiation, RI is the value of the reflection index of the cover structure (4), which is the radiation emitted by the display structure (3) or incident from the outside.
11. A flexible display stack (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the reflection index value (RI) is the reflection index value (R1) of the structural element (5) or the reflection index value (R2) of the matrix (7), or
The reflection index value (RI) is an estimate generated by the reflection index value (R1) of the structural element (5) and the reflection index value (R2) of the matrix (7).
12. An electronic device (2), characterized in that the electronic device comprises a housing (8) and a flexible display stack (1) according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein a cover structure (4) of the flexible display stack (1) forms a peripheral surface of the electronic device (2).
13. A method of manufacturing a flexible display stack (1), the method comprising the steps of:
-depositing a porous continuous inorganic structural element (5);
-coating the structural element (5) with an organic monomer matrix (7);
-curing the matrix (7).
14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the matrix (7) is adapted to shrink by 2% or less upon curing.
15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the method further comprises the step of pre-treating the structural element (5) with an adhesion promoting additive before coating the structural element (5) with the organic monomer matrix (7).
16. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the structural element (5) is deposited by a physical or chemical deposition method.
17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the organic monomer matrix (7) is applied onto the structural element (5) by spin coating, slot coating, dipping or from gas phase permeation.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/067460 WO2022268334A1 (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2021-06-25 | Flexible display stack and apparatus comprising such display stack |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117083996A true CN117083996A (en) | 2023-11-17 |
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| CN202180095960.9A Pending CN117083996A (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2021-06-25 | Flexible display stack and device comprising such a display stack |
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| WO (1) | WO2022268334A1 (en) |
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| CN102712140B (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2015-06-03 | 3M创新有限公司 | Optical films with microstructured low refractive index nanovoided layers and methods therefor |
| KR102586045B1 (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2023-10-10 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Display apparatus and manufacturing method thereof |
| TW201902682A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2019-01-16 | 美商3M新設資產公司 | Display device containing polymer film |
| CN108365125B (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2019-12-27 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Display panel, preparation method thereof and display device |
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- 2021-06-25 CN CN202180095960.9A patent/CN117083996A/en active Pending
- 2021-06-25 WO PCT/EP2021/067460 patent/WO2022268334A1/en active Application Filing
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| WO2022268334A1 (en) | 2022-12-29 |
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