CN117081234A - Intelligent substation safety measure checking expert system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种智能变电站安措校核专家系统，其特征在于：所述专家系统主要由综合数据模块、知识库模块、推理机模块、人机接口模块以及解释器模块组成。本发明智能站保护装置的检修压板是检修时闭锁相关保护动作的，保护装置、智能终端、合并单元都配有检修压板，不同的智能电子设备之间检修压板的组合会有不同动作行为，在检修操作时，检修人员需要充分认识到检修压板和软压板之间的配合，以免保护装置误动作，本发明为解决检修硬压板和软压板之间的配合过程提供了解决方案。
The invention discloses an intelligent substation security measure verification expert system, which is characterized in that: the expert system mainly consists of a comprehensive data module, a knowledge base module, an inference engine module, a human-machine interface module and an interpreter module. The maintenance pressure plate of the smart station protection device of the present invention blocks related protection actions during maintenance. The protection device, intelligent terminal, and merging unit are all equipped with maintenance pressure plates. The combination of maintenance pressure plates between different intelligent electronic devices will have different action behaviors. During maintenance operations, maintenance personnel need to fully understand the cooperation between the maintenance pressure plate and the soft pressure plate to avoid malfunction of the protection device. The present invention provides a solution to the coordination process between the maintenance hard pressure plate and the soft pressure plate.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及智能变电站设备技术领域，具体涉及一种智能变电站安措校核专家系统。The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent substation equipment, and in particular to an intelligent substation security check expert system.
背景技术Background technique
为适应智能电网的发展要求，国内大力建设智能变电站，在智能变电站的相关技术方面还有许多待完善之处。智能变电站不同于传统变电站，他是智能电网的基础环节和重要节点，由先进、可靠、节能、环保、集成的设备组合而成，以高速网络通信平台为信息传输基础，自动完成信息采集、测量、控制、保护、计量和监测等基本功能，并可根据需要支持电网实时自动控制、智能调节、在线分析决策、协同互动等高级应用功能。In order to adapt to the development requirements of smart grids, China is vigorously building smart substations. There is still much room for improvement in the related technologies of smart substations. Smart substations are different from traditional substations. They are the basic links and important nodes of smart grids. They are composed of advanced, reliable, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and integrated equipment. They use high-speed network communication platforms as the basis for information transmission to automatically complete information collection and measurement. , control, protection, measurement and monitoring and other basic functions, and can support advanced application functions such as real-time automatic control of the power grid, intelligent adjustment, online analysis and decision-making, collaborative interaction as needed.
传统变电站综合自动化与当今智能变电站有本质的区别，参看附图1，传统变电站中站控层的计算机监控系统与间隔层的保护测控装置之间通过IEC-103规约实现通信，间隔层设备与过程层的互感器等一次设备通过电缆连接。对于智能变电站来说，各层之间的通信采用统一的IEC-61850规约，通过高速以太网实现通信。There are essential differences between traditional substation integrated automation and today's smart substations. Refer to Figure 1. In traditional substations, communication is realized between the computer monitoring system at the station control layer and the protection measurement and control device at the bay layer through the IEC-103 protocol. The bay layer equipment and processes Primary equipment such as transformers on the first layer are connected through cables. For smart substations, communication between each layer adopts the unified IEC-61850 protocol and realizes communication through high-speed Ethernet.
由于智能变电站采用了许多数字化的智能设备，相比传统变电站来说，二次系统在结构上可以大为简化，各智能设备只需要连接在通信网络上就可以实现数据的发送和接收，不需要像传统变电站那样配置复杂的二次回路电缆接线。在智能变电站中，通常定义发送数据报文的一方为“发布者”，接收报文的一方为“订阅者”。发布者的数据发送给哪些订阅者则由相应的配置文件决定，并由路由根据地址分配给正确的订阅者。因此，不论是设备之间的连接关系改变还是设备检修退出运行，在二次系统物理接线上都没有变化。为了与传统变电站二次回路物理结构对应，智能变电站引入了“虚端子”和“软压板”等概念。如图2所示，当该合并单元需要检修时，其本身必须退出运行，检修时将该设备的检修硬压板投入。但是在投入合并单元的检修硬压板之前首先要退出与该合并单元相连接的继电保护等设备的用于接收该合并单元报文的软压板，否则有可能造成继电保护的误动作，该过程通过更改相应的回路配置文件实现，这就是二次回路安措校验的主要内容。当同时检修的设备多于一个时，该校验过程将变得十分复杂，仅凭运行人员经验来校验将难以满足要求。这时可将所有待检修设备归为“检修域”，把因检修受到影响的设备归为“影响域”，检修域与影响域中各个设备的配置应该做出的对应的改变。Since smart substations use many digital smart devices, the structure of the secondary system can be greatly simplified compared to traditional substations. Each smart device only needs to be connected to the communication network to send and receive data. No need Configure complex secondary circuit cable wiring like a traditional substation. In a smart substation, the party that sends the data message is usually defined as the "publisher" and the party that receives the message is called the "subscriber". Which subscribers the publisher's data is sent to is determined by the corresponding configuration file, and routed to the correct subscriber based on the address. Therefore, no matter whether the connection relationship between the equipment changes or the equipment is out of operation for maintenance, there is no change in the physical wiring of the secondary system. In order to correspond to the physical structure of the secondary circuit of traditional substations, smart substations have introduced concepts such as "virtual terminals" and "soft pressure plates". As shown in Figure 2, when the merging unit needs to be inspected, it must be taken out of operation, and the inspection hard plate of the equipment is put in during inspection. However, before putting in the maintenance hard pressing plate of the merging unit, you must first exit the soft pressing plate of the relay protection and other equipment connected to the merging unit for receiving the messages of the merging unit, otherwise it may cause malfunction of the relay protection. The process is realized by changing the corresponding loop configuration file, which is the main content of the secondary loop safety verification. When more than one device is inspected at the same time, the verification process will become very complicated, and it will be difficult to meet the requirements based on the operator's experience alone. At this time, all the equipment to be inspected can be classified into the "inspection domain", and the equipment affected by the inspection can be classified into the "influence domain". Corresponding changes should be made to the configuration of each equipment in the inspection domain and the impact domain.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种智能变电站安措校核专家系统，本发明智能站保护装置的检修压板是检修时闭锁相关保护动作的，保护装置、智能终端、合并单元都配有检修压板，不同的智能电子设备（简称IED）之间检修压板的组合会有不同动作行为，在检修操作时，检修人员需要充分认识到检修压板和软压板之间的配合，以免保护装置误动作，本发明为解决检修硬压板和软压板之间的配合过程提供了解决方案。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an expert system for checking safety measures in smart substations. The maintenance pressure plate of the protection device of the smart substation of the present invention blocks relevant protection actions during maintenance. The protection device, intelligent terminal, and merging unit are all equipped with maintenance Pressure plate, the combination of maintenance pressure plates between different intelligent electronic devices (referred to as IED) will have different action behaviors. During maintenance operations, maintenance personnel need to fully understand the cooperation between the maintenance pressure plate and the soft pressure plate to avoid malfunction of the protection device. The invention provides a solution for solving the coordination process between the hard pressure plate and the soft pressure plate for maintenance.
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种智能变电站安措校核专家系统，其特征在于：所述专家系统主要由综合数据模块、知识获取模块、知识库模块、推理机模块、人机接口模块以及解释器模块组成。An intelligent substation safety measure verification expert system is characterized in that: the expert system mainly consists of a comprehensive data module, a knowledge acquisition module, a knowledge base module, an inference engine module, a human-machine interface module and an interpreter module.
本发明进一步技术改进方案是：Further technical improvement solutions of the present invention are:
所述知识库模块主要由基础数据库模块、方法库模块两大模块组成；The knowledge base module is mainly composed of two modules: the basic database module and the method library module;
所述基础数据库模块包括智能元件信息数据、保护装置信息数据、合并单元信息数据、铭牌信息数据以及出厂信息数据；The basic database module includes intelligent component information data, protection device information data, merging unit information data, nameplate information data and factory information data;
所述方法库模块包括基于“检修域”的“影响域”确定方法、二次系统安措的继电保护隔离方法。The method library module includes the "influence domain" determination method based on the "maintenance domain" and the relay protection isolation method of secondary system safety measures.
本发明进一步技术改进方案是：Further technical improvement solutions of the present invention are:
所述推理机模块首先对输入信息进行状态量数字化，通过编码的方式表示出所需要的“检修域”，而当前智能装置的状态量均可以通过一体化监控系统得到，通过调用知识库里的方法，产生“影响域”并进一步给出隔离方案，操作员在进行操作之后，专家系统对其操作情况进行判断比对，如出现操作步骤与隔离方案不同，专家系统则产生告警信号并作进一步处理，反之则结束本次操作。The inference engine module first digitizes the status of the input information, and expresses the required "maintenance domain" through coding. The status of the current smart device can be obtained through the integrated monitoring system, by calling the method in the knowledge base , generate an "influence domain" and further provide an isolation plan. After the operator performs the operation, the expert system will judge and compare the operation situation. If the operation steps are different from the isolation plan, the expert system will generate an alarm signal and perform further processing. , otherwise the operation ends.
本发明进一步技术改进方案是：Further technical improvement solutions of the present invention are:
所述专家系统软件开发使用面向对象的编程语言开发，应用于包括MicrosoftWindows操作系统平台、Linux以及Unix平台，所采用的数据库为Oracle、或为MicrosoftSQL Server、或为Sybase数据库管理软件。The expert system software is developed using an object-oriented programming language and is applied to Microsoft Windows operating system platforms, Linux and Unix platforms. The database used is Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, or Sybase database management software.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下明显优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following obvious advantages:
本发明为应用于智能变电站的二次系统安措校核专家系统，该专家系统是一种智能计算机系统，其内部含有大量的某领域专家水平的知识和经验，能够利用人类专家所具备的知识和解决问题的方法来处理该领域的问题，也就是说，专家系统就是一种能够模拟人类专家解决领域问题的计算机程序系统。The invention is an expert system for safety verification of secondary systems applied to smart substations. The expert system is an intelligent computer system that contains a large amount of expert-level knowledge and experience in a certain field and can utilize the knowledge possessed by human experts. and problem-solving methods to deal with problems in the field. In other words, an expert system is a computer program system that can simulate human experts to solve problems in the field.
一、本发明设置安措校核知识库；知识库作为专家系统的核心，其存放知识和规则的结构和方法决定了专家系统性能的优劣。基于一体化监控系统的智能站在线校核专家系统的知识库由“检修域”与“运行域”的继电保护隔离方案构成，实现了典型接线方式下的“检修域”与其“影响域”的确定，并进一步将检修域从运行域中完全隔离。知识库的设计是对智能元件、保护装置以及合并单元的状态信息以及该状态下正确的操作方法进行合理表示。1. The present invention sets up a security check knowledge base; as the core of the expert system, the knowledge base's structure and method of storing knowledge and rules determine the performance of the expert system. The knowledge base of the intelligent station online calibration expert system based on the integrated monitoring system is composed of the relay protection isolation scheme of the "maintenance domain" and the "operation domain", realizing the "maintenance domain" and its "influence domain" under typical wiring methods determination, and further completely isolate the maintenance domain from the operating domain. The design of the knowledge base is to reasonably represent the status information of intelligent components, protection devices and merging units as well as the correct operating methods in this status.
二、本发明设置推理机模块；推理机模块与知识库模块共同构成专家系统的核心，其功能是针对具体问题从知识库中提取相应的知识进行求解。本发明的知识库中已经包括了“检修域”与“影响域”的确定方法和二次安措隔离方法，且所有保存的规则都有着同样的产生式知识表示方法，使得本发明可以采取基于规则的推理机模块，如图3所示。2. The present invention is equipped with an inference engine module; the inference engine module and the knowledge base module together form the core of the expert system, and its function is to extract corresponding knowledge from the knowledge base to solve specific problems. The knowledge base of the present invention already includes the determination method of "maintenance domain" and "influence domain" and the secondary safety isolation method, and all the saved rules have the same production knowledge representation method, so that the present invention can adopt a method based on The rule inference engine module is shown in Figure 3.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1 为传统变电站综合自动化与智能变电站；Figure 1 shows the integrated automation and smart substation of traditional substations;
图2 为智能变电站二次回路结构Figure 2 shows the secondary loop structure of the smart substation.
图3 为本发明推理机模块运行流程；Figure 3 is the operation process of the inference engine module of the present invention;
图4 为本发明专家系统结构；Figure 4 is the structure of the expert system of the present invention;
图5 为本发明专家系统知识库结构。Figure 5 shows the knowledge base structure of the expert system of the present invention.
实施方式Implementation
如图4所示，本发明所述专家系统主要由综合数据模块、知识获取模块、知识库模块、推理机模块、人机接口模块以及解释器模块组成。As shown in Figure 4, the expert system of the present invention mainly consists of a comprehensive data module, a knowledge acquisition module, a knowledge base module, an inference engine module, a human-machine interface module and an interpreter module.
如图5所示，所述知识库模块主要由基础数据库模块、方法库模块两大模块组成；所述基础数据库模块包括智能元件信息数据、保护装置信息数据、合并单元信息数据、铭牌信息数据以及出厂信息数据；所述方法库模块包括基于“检修域”的“影响域”确定方法、二次系统安措的继电保护隔离方法。As shown in Figure 5, the knowledge base module is mainly composed of two modules: a basic database module and a method library module; the basic database module includes intelligent component information data, protection device information data, merging unit information data, nameplate information data and Factory information data; the method library module includes the "influence domain" determination method based on the "maintenance domain" and the relay protection isolation method of secondary system safety measures.
如图3所示，所述推理机模块首先对输入信息进行状态量数字化，通过编码的方式表示出所需要的“检修域”，而当前智能装置的状态量均可以通过一体化监控系统得到，通过调用知识库里的方法，产生“影响域”并进一步给出隔离方案，操作员在进行操作之后，专家系统对其操作情况进行判断比对，如出现操作步骤与隔离方案不同，专家系统则产生告警信号并作进一步处理，反之则结束本次操作。As shown in Figure 3, the inference engine module first digitizes the state quantity of the input information and expresses the required "maintenance domain" through coding. The state quantity of the current smart device can be obtained through the integrated monitoring system. Call the method in the knowledge base to generate an "influence domain" and further provide an isolation plan. After the operator performs the operation, the expert system will judge and compare the operation situation. If the operation steps are different from the isolation plan, the expert system will generate The alarm signal will be processed further, otherwise the operation will be terminated.
所述专家系统软件开发使用面向对象的编程语言开发，应用于包括MicrosoftWindows操作系统平台、Linux以及Unix平台，所采用的数据库为Oracle、或为MicrosoftSQL Server、或为Sybase数据库管理软件。The expert system software is developed using an object-oriented programming language and is applied to Microsoft Windows operating system platforms, Linux and Unix platforms. The database used is Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, or Sybase database management software.
实施例1、合并单元消缺Embodiment 1. Elimination of defects in merging units
合并单元集中了智能变电站保护所需电流、电压数据，合并单元的故障将会直接影响该间隔合并单元所对应的线路保护、母线保护。因此，在检修合并单元时：The merging unit concentrates the current and voltage data required for smart substation protection. Failure of the merging unit will directly affect the line protection and busbar protection corresponding to the merging unit in this interval. Therefore, when servicing a merged unit:
检修域：该间隔的对应合并单元Inspection area: the corresponding merging unit of this interval
影响域：所有使用该合并单元采样数据的装置Influence domain: all devices using sample data from this merging unit
安全措施：Safety measures:
第一步：退出“影响域”与“检修域”的逻辑“虚回路”软压板Step 1: Exit the logical "virtual loop" soft pressure plate of the "influence domain" and "maintenance domain"
（1） 退出对应线路保护“跳闸出口GOOSE发送软压板”、“重合闸出口GOOSE发送软压板”、“启动失灵GOOSE发送软压板”；(1) Exit the corresponding line protection "trip outlet GOOSE sending soft pressure plate", "reclosing outlet GOOSE sending soft pressure plate", "start failure GOOSE sending soft pressure plate";
（2） 退出对应线路断路器失灵保护“启动失灵GOOSE发送软压板”、“跳闸出口GOOSE发送软压板”。(2) Exit the corresponding line circuit breaker failure protection "start failure GOOSE sending soft pressure plate" and "trip outlet GOOSE sending soft pressure plate".
第二步：投入“检修域”设备的“检修”硬压板Step 2: Put in the "maintenance domain" equipment's "maintenance" hard platen
（3） 投入合并单元的“检修态”硬压板。(3) Put in the "inspection state" hard platen of the merged unit.
实施例2、单母线、双母线接线方式下主变间隔检修Embodiment 2. Main transformer interval maintenance under single busbar and double busbar wiring modes
检修域：该主变保护、各侧过程层设备（合并单元、智能终端）Maintenance domain: Main transformer protection, process layer equipment on each side (merging unit, intelligent terminal)
影响域：母线保护、主变联跳设备（分段开关等）Influence domain: bus protection, main transformer jump equipment (section switch, etc.)
安全措施：Safety measures:
第一步：退出“影响域”与“检修域”的逻辑“虚回路”软压板Step 1: Exit the logical "virtual loop" soft pressure plate of the "influence domain" and "maintenance domain"
（1） 退出母差保护装置对应的“X支路投入”软压板；(1) Exit the "X branch input" soft pressure plate corresponding to the bus differential protection device;
（2） 退出母差保护装置对应的“X支路失灵开入”软压板；(2) Exit the "X branch failure opening" soft pressure plate corresponding to the bus differential protection device;
（3） 退出主变保护的“失灵启动”软压板；(3) Exit the "failure start" soft pressure plate of the main transformer protection;
（4） 退出主变保护联跳中压侧分段、低压侧分段的GOOSE出口软压板。(4) Exit the GOOSE outlet soft pressure plate of the medium-voltage side section and the low-voltage side section of the main transformer protection joint trip.
第二步：投入“检修域”设备的“检修”硬压板Step 2: Put in the "maintenance domain" equipment's "maintenance" hard platen
（5） 投入各侧合并单元的“检修态”硬压板；(5) Put in the "maintenance state" hard platen of the merging unit on each side;
（6） 投入各侧智能终端的“检修态”硬压板；(6) Put in the "maintenance state" hard platen of the intelligent terminals on each side;
（7） 投入主变保护的“检修态”硬压板。(7) Put in the "maintenance state" hard plate for main transformer protection.
实施例3、内桥接线方式下主变间隔检修Embodiment 3. Main transformer interval maintenance under internal bridge wiring mode
需特殊注意的是内桥接线方式下主变检修而高压侧线路运行的特殊方式。Special attention should be paid to the special way in which the main transformer is inspected and the high-voltage side line is operated in the internal bridge wiring mode.
检修域：该主变保护，各侧过程层设备（合并单元、智能终端）Maintenance domain: The main transformer protection, process layer equipment on each side (merging unit, intelligent terminal)
影响域：线路间隔和分段开关等Influence domain: line spacing and segment switches, etc.
安全措施：Safety measures:
第一步：退出“影响域”与“检修域”的逻辑“虚回路”软压板和GOOSE跳闸压板Step 1: Exit the logical "virtual circuit" soft pressure plate and GOOSE trip pressure plate of the "influence domain" and "maintenance domain"
（1） 退出主变保护“高压侧电流SV接受”软压板；(1) Exit the main transformer protection "high voltage side current SV acceptance" soft pressure plate;
（2） 退出主变保护“桥侧电流SV接受”软压板；(2) Exit the main transformer protection "bridge side current SV acceptance" soft pressure plate;
（3） 退出主变保护跳高压侧GOOSE出口软压板；(3) Exit the GOOSE outlet soft pressure plate on the high voltage side of the main transformer protection trip;
（4） 退出主变保护跳桥开关GOOSE出口软压板；(4) Exit the GOOSE export soft pressure plate of the main transformer protection jump switch;
（5） 退出主变保护联跳中低压分段的GOOSE出口软压板。(5) Exit the GOOSE outlet soft pressure plate of the low-voltage section of the main transformer protection joint trip.
第二步：投入 “检修域”设备的“检修”硬压板Step 2: Put in the "maintenance domain" equipment's "maintenance" hard platen
（6） 投入主变中压侧合并单元的“检修态”硬压板；(6) Put in the "maintenance state" hard pressure plate of the main transformer medium-voltage side merging unit;
（7） 投入主变低压侧合并单元的“检修态”硬压板；(7) Put in the "maintenance state" hard pressure plate of the main transformer low-voltage side merging unit;
（8） 投入主变中压侧智能终端的“检修态”硬压板；(8) Put in the "maintenance state" hard pressure plate of the intelligent terminal on the medium voltage side of the main transformer;
（9） 投入主变低压侧智能终端的“检修态”硬压板；(9) Put in the "maintenance state" hard pressure plate of the intelligent terminal on the low-voltage side of the main transformer;
（10） 投入主变保护的“检修态”硬压板。(10) Put in the "maintenance state" hard platen for main transformer protection.
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质，在本发明的精神和原则之内，对以上实施例所作的任何简单的修改、等同替换与改进等，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed above in preferred embodiments, they are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this field will Skilled persons can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes using the technical content disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. The technical essence of the invention is within the spirit and principles of the invention, and any simple modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made to the above embodiments still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
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